EP3164529A1 - Revêtement latéral d'isolation pour cuve d'électrolyse - Google Patents
Revêtement latéral d'isolation pour cuve d'électrolyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3164529A1 EP3164529A1 EP15814096.2A EP15814096A EP3164529A1 EP 3164529 A1 EP3164529 A1 EP 3164529A1 EP 15814096 A EP15814096 A EP 15814096A EP 3164529 A1 EP3164529 A1 EP 3164529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- electrolytic cell
- thermally insulating
- wedging
- box
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009626 Hall-Héroult process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum by electrolysis.
- Aluminum is conventionally produced in aluminum smelters, by electrolysis, according to the Hall-Héroult process.
- an electrolysis cell comprising a box and an inner lining of refractory material.
- the electrolytic cell also comprises cathode blocks arranged at the bottom of the box, traversed by conductive bars intended to collect the electrolysis current and to lead it to a subsequent electrolysis cell.
- the electrolytic cell also comprises at least one anode block suspended on an anode support, such as a rod and a cross member, the anode block being partially immersed in an electrolytic bath, above the cathode blocks.
- a sheet of liquid aluminum is formed under the electrolytic bath by covering the cathode blocks as and when the reaction.
- the flow of current is from the anode carrier to the cathode via the anode block, the electrolytic bath to a temperature of about 970 ° C in which the alumina is dissolved, and the metal sheet.
- the electrolytic bath to a temperature of about 970 ° C in which the alumina is dissolved, and the metal sheet.
- internal facing blocks of carbon material which is superimposed on the inner lining of the box.
- the heat loss through the walls of the box remains very significant, which is detrimental to the overall energy efficiency, the life of the tank, and the good operation of the electrolysis process.
- the invention proposes an electrolysis cell intended to contain an electrolytic bath, the electrolysis cell comprising a box having lateral walls, and a lateral insulation coating covering the side walls, the lateral coating of insulation comprising:
- refractory lining elements having at least one side face, the thermally insulating elements and the wedging elements being affixed alternately against at least one side wall of the box, and
- the wall of the box is partly covered with thermally insulating elements that can be compressible material, which greatly limit the heat losses and protect the wall of the box of high heat released by the electrolytic bath and liquid aluminum.
- the refractory wedging elements interposed between the thermally insulating elements of compressible material make it possible to limit or avoid the settling of the thermally insulating elements during the construction and operation of the tank, without forming a thermal conduction bridge. detrimental to the wall of the box.
- thermally insulating elements do not undergo damaging compression between the side wall of the box and the internal cladding blocks, so that they are not crushed and retain their thermal insulation capacity.
- the use of thermally insulating elements made of compressible material thus made possible makes it possible to limit the costs of raw material and of implementation for an improved and easily adjustable heat balance.
- thermally insulating element compressible material means any element that would be crushed, and therefore degraded by the inner facing blocks, during manufacture or operation of the tank, without the presence of wedging elements.
- the thermally insulating elements of compressible material may be of ventilated structure, in particular based on fibers.
- each wedging element has a thickness equal to or greater than the thickness of the thermally insulating elements.
- the insulating side coating further comprises refractory protection elements disposed between the thermally insulating elements and the inner cladding blocks. These protection elements protect the thermally insulating elements behind against possible impregnation of electrolytic bath through the inner cladding blocks so that the protection of the thermal insulation is reinforced over time.
- the space between two adjacent wedging elements houses protection elements.
- the protection elements do not cover the wedging elements but only the thermally insulating elements.
- each wedging element has a thickness substantially identical to the cumulative thickness of a protective element and a thermally insulating element so that the thermally insulating elements are free of compression.
- the thermally insulating elements have a higher thermal insulation coefficient than that of the wedging elements and that of the protection elements.
- thermally insulating elements of small thickness. Their presence impacts very little the residual internal volume of the box for an effective thermal insulation.
- these elements make it possible to reduce the thermal losses at the side walls of the box without the need to reduce the dimensions of the cathode blocks present in the box and therefore the efficiency of the electrolysis process.
- each thermally insulating element measured along the longitudinal axis of the respective wall of the box, is greater than that of each wedging element. This arrangement optimizes the thermal insulation of the box and limit thermal bridges.
- each thermally insulating element measured along the longitudinal axis of the respective wall of the box, is at least four times greater than that of each wedging element.
- the insulating side coating further comprises outer facing plates, preferably silicon carbide (SiC), extending against the at least one side wall of the box and arranged vertically above the elements. cushioning, thermally insulating elements, and if necessary protective elements. These plates thus protect the thermally insulating elements from above and the box from corrosion. They also promote the localized and controlled evacuation of the heat flow at a chosen surface.
- outer facing plates preferably silicon carbide (SiC)
- each outer facing plate has a thickness substantially identical to that of each wedging element.
- the lateral edges of the thermally insulating elements and, if appropriate, the protective elements are covered and protected vertically from the corrosive environment of the electrolytic cell.
- the outer cladding plates are integrally formed with the inner cladding blocks.
- the compressible material of the thermally insulating component is fibrous material, such as a material of glass fibers, carbon fibers, rock fibers, or hemp fibers. It can also be super-micro-porous type or based on perlite, diatomite or calcium silicate.
- the compressible material of the thermally insulating elements has a thermal conductivity lower than 0.5W / mK (measured via the ASTM C201 method at room temperature).
- the thermally insulating elements of compressible material are surrounded by a layer of material resistant to corrosion by electrolyte vapor. Highly corrosive electrolyte vapors can in fact infiltrate and propagate during the life of the electrolytic cell against the side walls of the box and degrade the compressible material of the thermally insulating element. Closing the compressible material in a layer of corrosion-resistant material by electrolyte vapor (or vapor barrier) makes it possible to protect it and widen the range of materials that can be used for producing the thermally insulating element.
- the layer of material resistant to corrosion by electrolyte vapor is advantageously formed of an aluminum film.
- the wedging elements show a compressive strength greater than 10 MPa.
- the wedging elements have a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of the internal cladding blocks and, where appropriate, external cladding plates.
- the wedging elements therefore do not form damaging thermal conduction bridges towards the wall of the box between the thermally insulating elements.
- the wedging elements have a thermal conductivity of less than 2 W / m.K (measured via the ASTM C201 method at room temperature).
- the wedging elements consist of refractory bricks, for example silico-aluminous, or mica plates, which have good compressive strength and low thermal conductivity.
- the protection elements are made of identical material, or of identical type, to that of the wedging elements.
- the inner facing blocks consist of carbon-based material, and more particularly based on SiC, which ensure the box to achieve good longevity despite very corrosive electrolysis conditions.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a partial schematic view of the inside of an electrolytic cell according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates another partial schematic view of the interior of an electrolytic cell according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 further illustrates a partial schematic view of the interior of an electrolytic cell according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view in partial section of the inside of an electrolysis cell according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG.
- the electrolytic cell 100 comprises a box 200 and a lateral insulation coating comprising thermally insulating elements 1 and setting elements 2 affixed alternately against a lateral wall 3 of the box 200.
- thermally insulating elements 1 are covered with protection elements 4 (FIG.
- External facing plates 6 also extend against the side wall 3 of the box 200 and above the setting elements 2, thermally insulating elements 1 and protection elements 4.
- the thermally insulating elements 1 are protected against compression between the side wall of the box 200 and the inner facing blocks 5 by the arrangement of the wedging elements 2 so that they can be made of a compressible heat-insulating material.
- the compressible heat-insulating material may for example be a fibrous material consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, rock fibers, or hemp fibers.
- the compressible heat-insulating material may for example be of super-microporous super-insulation type or else based on perlite, diatomite or calcium silicate.
- the thermally insulating elements 1 of compressible material have a high coefficient of thermal insulation so that a small thickness of this compressible material is sufficient to ensure good thermal insulation of the wall of the box they cover.
- the wedging elements 2 comprise a refractory material, such as silico-aluminous refractory brick or mica plates.
- the wedging elements must protect the thermally insulating elements from crushing and contribute advantageously to the thermal insulation.
- These wedging elements 2, as well as the protection elements 4 generally have thermal insulation properties lower than those of thermally insulating elements 1, even if they remain good insulators. They have a thermal conductivity lower than 2 W / mK
- the length of each thermally insulating element 1, measured along the longitudinal axis of the wall 3 of the box 200 (x-axis, FIG. 1), is then chosen to be larger than that of each wedging element 2. Typically, a length ratio of one to four and preferably one to five is applied to obtain an optimal reduction of thermal loss at the walls 3 of the box 200.
- each wedging element 2 is equal to or greater than that of the thermally insulating element 1.
- the planned distance between two adjacent wedging elements 2 is less than the length of a facing block internal 5 along the longitudinal axis x of the wall 3 of the box 200 so that an inner facing block 5 can bear against at least two wedging elements 2.
- each inner facing block 5 rests against at least two 2.
- the latter have a compressive strength greater than 10 MPa so that they are sufficiently rigid and incompressible to prevent the inner cladding blocks 5 from tamping the thermally insulating elements 1 of compressible material which would otherwise have thermal insulation properties decreased.
- the inner cladding block 5 is made of a carbon-based material. Its purpose is to help protect the wall 3 of the box 200 and the thermally insulating elements 1 from corrosion by liquid aluminum and / or the electrolytic bath of very high temperature. It is intended to cover all the thermally insulating elements 1, wedging elements 2 and at least a part of the outer facing elements 6.
- protection elements 4 may be introduced between the thermally insulating elements 1 and the inner facing blocks 5, in the space provided between two adjacent wedging elements 2.
- Each wedging element 2 has indeed a thickness substantially identical to the cumulative thickness of a protective element 4 and a thermally insulating element 1.
- the protection elements 4 may be of the same composition as the wedging elements 2.
- outer facing plates 6 made of silicon carbide (SiC) material, of a thickness substantially identical to that of the wedging elements 2, cover the upper lateral edge of the thermally insulating elements 1, wedging elements 2 and protection elements 4 between the inner wall 3 of the casing 200 and the inner facing blocks 5.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the box 200 has an optimal thermal profile.
- FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the electrolytic cell illustrating the caisson 200, the thermally insulating elements 1 directly affixed to a wall 3 of the caisson 200 and adjacent to the protection elements 4, protected by internal cladding blocks 5 and outer cladding plates 6.
- the present invention provides an "electrolytic cell with a side cladding insulation to effectively reduce heat loss through optimal space saving insulation.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1401518A FR3023301B1 (fr) | 2014-07-04 | 2014-07-04 | Cuve d'electrolyse |
PCT/IB2015/001116 WO2016001743A1 (fr) | 2014-07-04 | 2015-07-01 | Revêtement latéral d'isolation pour cuve d'électrolyse |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3164529A1 true EP3164529A1 (fr) | 2017-05-10 |
EP3164529A4 EP3164529A4 (fr) | 2018-01-24 |
EP3164529B1 EP3164529B1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 |
Family
ID=51483483
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15814096.2A Active EP3164529B1 (fr) | 2014-07-04 | 2015-07-01 | Revêtement latéral d'isolation pour cuve d'électrolyse |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3164529B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN106661747B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2015282394B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2950692C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3023301B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2689292C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016001743A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023233196A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-07 | Vedanta Limited (Aluminium & Power) | Conception de revêtement de cellule électrolytique dans un dispositif de fusion d'aluminium |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3129157A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-19 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Système de revêtement intérieur pour cuve d’électrolyse |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0399786A3 (fr) * | 1989-05-25 | 1992-05-27 | Alcan International Limited | Revêtements réfractaires résistants au sodium et aux sels de sodium |
US5560809A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-10-01 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Improved lining for aluminum production furnace |
RU2186880C1 (ru) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-08-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АЛКОРУС ИНЖИНИРИНГ" | Боковая футеровка алюминиевого электролизера |
CN2721655Y (zh) * | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | 电解槽侧部内衬材料的配置结构 |
CN100415938C (zh) * | 2004-12-27 | 2008-09-03 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | 一种铝电解槽内衬结构 |
RU2294404C1 (ru) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") | Катодное устройство алюминиевого электролизера |
FR2893329B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-14 | 2008-05-16 | Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act | Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique. |
CN201195753Y (zh) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-02-18 | 东北大学设计研究院(有限公司) | 一种铝电解槽纵向端头格栅板绝缘结构 |
CN101423955A (zh) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-05-06 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种大型铝电解槽内衬结构 |
CN101709486B (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-05-30 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝电解槽 |
CN201793762U (zh) * | 2010-07-30 | 2011-04-13 | 任必军 | 用于铝电解槽的锁能结构 |
CN201908138U (zh) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-07-27 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 一种铝电解槽的保温内衬结构 |
CN202116666U (zh) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-01-18 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 一种精铝槽的内衬的侧部结构 |
CN103122463B (zh) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-07-22 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 一种保温型铝电解槽槽内衬侧部复合块 |
CA2893476C (fr) * | 2012-12-13 | 2018-01-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Pierre laterale pour une paroi dans une cellule d'electrolyse servant a la reduction de l'aluminium |
CN203307449U (zh) * | 2013-06-29 | 2013-11-27 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 精铝槽侧部内衬结构 |
-
2014
- 2014-07-04 FR FR1401518A patent/FR3023301B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-07-01 RU RU2017103537A patent/RU2689292C2/ru active
- 2015-07-01 WO PCT/IB2015/001116 patent/WO2016001743A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-07-01 EP EP15814096.2A patent/EP3164529B1/fr active Active
- 2015-07-01 AU AU2015282394A patent/AU2015282394B2/en active Active
- 2015-07-01 CA CA2950692A patent/CA2950692C/fr active Active
- 2015-07-01 CN CN201580034926.5A patent/CN106661747B/zh active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023233196A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-07 | Vedanta Limited (Aluminium & Power) | Conception de revêtement de cellule électrolytique dans un dispositif de fusion d'aluminium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2950692C (fr) | 2022-07-26 |
CA2950692A1 (fr) | 2016-01-07 |
EP3164529B1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 |
FR3023301A1 (fr) | 2016-01-08 |
FR3023301B1 (fr) | 2016-07-01 |
AU2015282394A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
WO2016001743A1 (fr) | 2016-01-07 |
RU2017103537A3 (fr) | 2019-01-28 |
RU2017103537A (ru) | 2018-08-06 |
EP3164529A4 (fr) | 2018-01-24 |
RU2689292C2 (ru) | 2019-05-24 |
CN106661747A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
CN106661747B (zh) | 2018-08-07 |
AU2015282394B2 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
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