EP3147094A2 - Formwork mould for wall panel - Google Patents
Formwork mould for wall panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3147094A2 EP3147094A2 EP16182990.8A EP16182990A EP3147094A2 EP 3147094 A2 EP3147094 A2 EP 3147094A2 EP 16182990 A EP16182990 A EP 16182990A EP 3147094 A2 EP3147094 A2 EP 3147094A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- component
- wall
- rear wall
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
- B28B7/0035—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding
- B28B7/0041—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding the sidewalls of the mould being moved only parallelly away from the sidewalls of the moulded article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
- B28B7/0035—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding
- B28B7/0044—Moulds characterised by the way in which the sidewalls of the mould and the moulded article move with respect to each other during demoulding the sidewalls of the mould being only tilted away from the sidewalls of the moulded article, e.g. moulds with hingedly mounted sidewalls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
- B28B7/241—Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces
- B28B7/243—Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces for making plates, panels or similar sheet- or disc-shaped objects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component with defined edges and / or bevels. Likewise, the invention discloses a method for filling and stripping of such a formwork.
- Wall slabs are used where high loads occur due to large height offset or additional traffic load.
- the wall slabs serve as angle support elements for interception of terrain jumps, which are claimed by slope loads and / or traffic loads, they are used in urban, garden and landscape design.
- level or corner elements can be used, the usual dimensions are at a height of 55 cm to 305 cm and a wall thickness of 12 cm.
- the surfaces are hereby designed as exposed concrete.
- Formwork forms are known from the prior art, in which, especially in the production of angled walls, also called L-stones, one of the surface sides are smoothed by hand through a formwork board and the other side of the surface.
- Such formwork forms allow the design of only one visible side of the angled components with a high surface quality.
- By architectural designs it may be desirable to produce the slope side facing surface of the wall with an optimal quality. In this case, particularly high demands are placed on the production of visible in the installed state chamfers and / or edges of the wall.
- a formwork with formwork panels on each visible side of the wall creates a high pressure between the opposite surfaces of the wall plate and the formwork panel.
- the concrete begins to set after just 1 to 3 hours, ie the mortar loses its plasticity and begins to solidify.
- the process of bonding is completed after 6 to 8 hours. Only after this period, the first signs of hardening occur.
- the set but not yet hardened concrete has lost the plasticity of the unbound concrete and retains its shape, but has a high sensitivity because the solidified but not yet hardened concrete can not withstand mechanical stresses yet.
- the CH 471 657 A describes a transportable battery formwork, in which the longitudinal members are designed to be variable in length for suspension of the formwork elements.
- the basic framework of the battery formwork can be transported to save space.
- scarf elements On the front side of the individual scarf rooms scarf elements are arranged, which can be moved pivotally via a lever and a joint.
- the DE 22 59 522 A also describes a battery formwork with a plurality of large-sized formwork elements, which is movable by means of rollers on a scaffold, wherein the battery formwork also has built-in vibrators and a heater. Between the large format Formwork elements are arranged vertically formwork elements for limiting the component geometry. These are moved via a linkage to any position and then fixed by blocking arms.
- the DE 23 11 763 B2 discloses a vertical formwork panel, wherein at least one vertical formwork element can be pivoted by means of a pivot lever.
- the pivot lever is attached to an adjacent formwork element and extends in a slot, whereby an independent adjustment of the pivot point is achieved at different widths of the formwork strip.
- the pivot lever is formed in L-shape, wherein at the apex of the L-shape, a shift of the one section can take place, whereby the vertical formwork element can be shifted in the horizontal direction.
- the DE 24 30 009 C2 discloses a method for de-scalping planar devices wherein two devices are cast in pairs. Between the two components a switchboard is arranged, which can be removed. During de-peeling, the panel to be removed with the two components and a panel mounted on the outside is moved in such a way that a component is uncovered on one side. Subsequently, a controlled demoulding can be done, are avoided in the jerky movements. Thus, the de-scaling can be done early, before the components are fully cured.
- a movable frame is disposed over the battery mold to which a puller is attached. With this puller, the front element can be released from the precast concrete part.
- the device consists u. A. from a bolted coupling part, a sleeve and a working cylinder and can be moved by a lever.
- DE 274 068 A shows a mold for the production of a plurality of identical concrete components, wherein the shape is formed by a plurality of juxtaposed form-like formwork elements.
- the individual formwork elements can be connected via pins, hooks and the like. Each individual formwork element can be removed individually after curing of the concrete component.
- a device for removing side molds from vertical molds is disclosed.
- This side element of the formwork can be moved via a hinged hydraulic damper with a tube.
- a second tube is provided wherein both tubes intermesh and enable a telescopic adjustment of the shell element.
- the DD 68 847 A1 shows a method for the production of precast concrete parts, wherein a side wall of the formwork is formed from a pallet on which the precast concrete part can be stored after demoulding.
- demoulding the formwork with the pallet is tilted by 90 ° so that the precast concrete element rests on the pallet.
- JP 2 523 754 Y2 and DE 101 58 949 A1 disclosed formworks for L-shaped or U-shaped profiles, wherein the formworks have at least one formwork wall, which can be pivoted about an axis or can be moved. After setting the concrete element, the formwork can be opened.
- the DD 1 29 197 A1 shows a method for producing L-shaped concrete elements.
- a reinforcement cage is placed on an L-shaped formwork element, then both parts are rotated by 180 ° and placed a second L-shaped formwork element.
- This second formwork element can be removed again after concreting.
- an insulating or plaster layer can be applied on the released surface.
- the WO 2011/127 921 A1 shows a formwork for a L-stone with two L-shaped scarf elements that can be pivoted relative to each other in a closed or an open state.
- DE 101 58 949 A1 discloses a method for producing preferably L-shaped or U-shaped concrete parts, wherein at least one movable shutter wall is kept closed by the weight of the concrete.
- two movable, L-shaped formwork elements can laterally delimit the U-shaped element.
- the concrete element is moved upwards out of the formwork, whereby the two L-shaped formwork elements tilt sideways by their own weight and release the concrete element.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a formwork, which makes it possible to provide components such as wall panels with visible surfaces, chamfers and / or edges on at least two opposite surfaces, which are economically produced in high volume and without Entschalkoniztician in mass production.
- the invention discloses a formwork for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component with defined edges and / or chamfers, comprising at least one component chamber, which is bounded by at least one front wall defining mold base body at least one rear wall and a plurality of side walls of the formwork.
- At least one rear wall is designed to be movable, preferably pivotally or displaceably mounted, and at least one side wall is designed to be movable, wherein a Abstellermechanik is provided between the rear wall and side wall, which in an opening movement of the rear wall, a method of the side wall causes.
- a form of form makes it possible to produce all-round formwork smooth surfaces of a component, since by driving away at least one side wall of at least one of the rear wall of the formwork, the pressure between the formwork and the surface of the component is taken.
- a conicity of the side walls and surfaces to facilitate deshuttering is not required because at least two, preferably on three side surfaces of the device, the formwork has movable shutter walls, which recede in the demoulding. Will the form of the formwork become deshuttering? rotated, the device can be de-energized by its own weight after opening the rear and side walls.
- the device may have all-round exposed concrete surface, which can also be subsequently treated by a shot peening process. This also allows earlier stripping of the component from the complete form of the formwork.
- Especially concrete building elements can already be switched off if the concrete has not yet fully hardened, ie within a period of less than 24 hours after casting the concrete.
- the component can therefore have a right angle to all surfaces geometry.
- the detachment of the formwork from a right-angled on all sides of the device is by the design of at least one movable side wall is not a problem.
- cuts or undercuts in the device are possible because appropriate formwork elements can be moved out or moved.
- the small areas of the formwork such as the side walls
- the larger surface areas such as the rear wall
- the method of the rear wall can be carried out after or at the same time as the method of at least one side wall.
- the speed can be adapted to each other and coupled.
- the Abstellermechanik establishes a synchronization of the opening movement of the rear and side wall, with a malfunction is excluded and a purely mechanical coupling takes place.
- the side walls are always moved in parallel with the rear wall and a simple, robust and safe Entschalvorgang can be ensured.
- At least two sides mounted elements of the formwork for example, the rear wall and at least one side wall, at the same time move away from the component and then ceremoniesschalen the component from the component chamber.
- At least two side walls of the formwork are designed to be movable.
- the process of Ausschalens can thus be further facilitated.
- the pressure reduction between the formwork and the concrete component is therefore optimally controllable because at the same time the pressure between formwork and concrete component is taken on two opposite side walls.
- a formwork can be provided in which two adjacent components can be made simultaneously in two component chambers, in each case an adjacent side wall can be designed to be movable on the respective component and the central side wall remains rigid.
- an adjacent side wall can be designed to be movable on the respective component and the central side wall remains rigid.
- the side walls located centrally between two component chambers movable.
- angled components such as wall panels can be made, which can be installed side by side, wherein the side walls of the adjacent components are at least in a section over the entire height and / or width in contact, without on one side a slot through a conical side wall Visible remains.
- This allows the production and erection of partitions or partitions made of exposed concrete, which allow both sides visually appealing and gap-free transitions from one to another component. It can thus be made of, for example, L-blocks, which are unfilled from both sides, d. H. without covering with soil or the like, remain and have a fair-faced concrete surface.
- the at least one movable side wall is mechanically movable via a control lever mounted and arranged on the rear wall as part of the storage mechanism.
- a control lever mounted and arranged on the rear wall as part of the storage mechanism.
- This allows a precise and / or constant method of at least one side wall.
- There are several movable sidewalls can all These are moved centrally via a control lever. It is also conceivable to control each side wall individually via a respective control lever.
- the centrally arranged between the component chambers side walls, preferably two side walls can be controlled synchronously with a single control lever.
- the control lever can control mirrored, ie move the two side walls synchronously toward or away from each other.
- control lever is preferably mounted or arranged on the movable rear wall, it is possible to couple the movement of the rear wall with the displacement of the at least one side wall and to synchronize.
- control lever is mounted on the rear wall, a movement of the rear wall synchronously generates a movement of at least one controllable with the control lever side wall, so that when opening the rear wall, the side wall moves away from the solidified concrete element, or when closing the rear wall, the side wall in the pouring position is moved.
- the travel of the rear wall and the at least one side wall can be adapted to different requirements for the surfaces of the components.
- a plurality of side walls can be moved with only one movement of a rear wall by a plurality of control levers are attached to the one rear wall, each controlling one or more side walls.
- a formwork with two adjacent component chambers therefore consists of a rear wall which extends over both component chambers, three attached to the rear wall control levers and four movable side walls.
- control lever comprises at least one control section, preferably a curved control section, as well as a sealing section, preferably a rectilinear sealing section.
- the speed of the process of the at least one side wall and the rear wall can be regulated by the control section.
- the sealing portion is a pressing of the rear wall in the direction of the component chamber and thus to the side walls.
- the interface between the rear wall and side wall is compressed in this case, with no further seal is necessary.
- the contact pressure can be controlled by the driving speed and the travel of the rear wall.
- a curved control section the approach or departure of the rear wall and the side walls can be precisely controlled and vary in speed.
- two opposite side walls of a component chamber are displaceable or pivotable relative to each other, whereby a distance a1 between the two side walls is variable.
- the formwork includes at least two adjacent component chambers and a limiting beam between the component chambers, on which two side walls are arranged, wherein each one side wall of a component chamber is assigned, wherein the Begrenzungsholm comprises a Abstellermechanik by which both side walls are movable relative to each other.
- a distance a2 between both side walls, which form a limiting beam can be increased or decreased.
- the limiter can therefore rejuvenate. This allows a simultaneous manufacture and stripping of two adjacently arranged components.
- The can also be scaled to a variety of adjacent component chambers by between the component chambers each such a limiting beam is present.
- the Abstellermechanik serves to control the travel of the side walls, the controller can also be done by a control lever which engages the Abstellermechanik.
- the limiting rail moves against the front wall of the formwork in such a way that a gap is created between the boundary rail with the side walls and the front wall. So this edge can be cleaned sufficiently to re-concreting produce components with defined and sharp edges.
- a hook can be arranged in the limiting beam, which engages through a recess of the rear wall when closing the rear wall, wherein in or on the rear wall, a guide rod with integrated wedge is arranged, which can engage releasably in the hook, and the guide rod in or slidably disposed on the rear wall.
- the guide rod with integrated wedge can in this case be displaceable in the longitudinal direction on the rear wall.
- the wedge guided on the guide rod engages in the longitudinal movement of the guide rod with its smaller cross-sectional area in the hook of the limiting spar.
- the contact pressure of the rear wall in the direction of the component chamber can be controlled, in which the guide rod is displaced and drives the wedge in the hook.
- the wedge is displaced longitudinally along the rear wall by the guide rod, the larger cross-sectional area of the wedge being pressed into the hook by the movement. Consequently can be achieved even under high pressure reliable closure of the component chambers and a simplified opening and folding away the rear wall.
- connection also reliably closes a form of closure used several times, since the connection is suitable for tensioning or pretensioning and can be adapted to different lengths. It is also conceivable that a single side wall, which is not connected to the limiting spar, can be tilted out of its 90 ° position in order to sufficiently clean this edge as well. This may for example apply to the bottom-side side wall, which is arranged in the filling position parallel to the ground, and on which the limiting spar is mounted. During concreting, the boundary rail with the side walls on this bottom side wall is on, so that it is sealed.
- the Abstellermechanik comprises guide elements for guiding the control lever, in particular guide plates with slots and guide elements for these slots, over which the movable side walls are controllable.
- the guide elements of the control lever may be formed as rollers or circular elements, wherein the control lever threads between at least two of these guide elements and is guided by these.
- a formwork for at least two adjacent component chambers can be provided with at least two movable side walls, which are located between the component chambers, without the control lever engages in the component chamber.
- the control lever can engage in the gap a2 between the two side walls. This gap a2 is formed by the so-called boundary spar.
- the front wall of the molded base body is angled to produce an angled component and comprises at least one vertical wall portion and at least one horizontal wall portion.
- the formwork is especially suitable for the production of angled wall panels, especially for L-stones.
- the formwork comprises a vertical, a horizontal and an inclined wall portion.
- the inclined wall portion may be inclined by an angle 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° to the vertical wall portion.
- the inclined portion is formed between the horizontal and the vertical portion. This allows the production of L-stones with a particularly thickened wall thickness in the region of the transition between the vertical and horizontal wall section.
- the component chamber can also be formed vertically or horizontally.
- the formwork offers the possibility to manufacture light wells, ie U-shaped components.
- the front wall of the mold base body consist of a horizontal and two vertical wall sections.
- the formwork can be structurally disassembled into individual components, so that different component geometries such as L-shaped walls of different heights or U-shaped concrete elements can be made with a multi-part assembly in different composition.
- the surfaces of the angled component geometries can be formed at right angles to each other.
- the circumferential side walls of the foot region can be conical, so that no movable side walls are arranged in the foot region in the form of a form, and by a Entschalkonizmaschine easy release of the formwork is possible. Since usually the foot area of an L-wall disc is hidden in the ground, conically extending side area of the base plate are invisible later. Thus, an L-shaped wall plate parallel side surfaces of the protruding from the ground wall and conical side surfaces of the concealed base plate have.
- the formwork has a pivotable base plate or top plate, which defines the top of the component to be cast and which is thus formed from the bottom plate of the formwork.
- the top plate can be tilted for cleaning purposes, wherein the movable side wall in a filling position seals the head plate and fixed in position.
- an entrainer is attached to one of the component chambers facing away from at least one side wall, which fixes the at least one rear wall in a Beglallposition and unlocked in a Entschalungsposition pivotally or releasably. This ensures that the back wall remains in the position during the filling of the form in which it forms a compacted component chamber. For a de-shuttering position, the rear wall can be released again by pivoting the unlocking device.
- the Entriegler is arranged in a limiting beam between two adjacent component chambers, on which two side walls are arranged, wherein in each case one side wall of a component chamber is assigned.
- the rear wall can be pressed optimally in the direction of the component chamber.
- the rear wall can be pressed uniformly to all component chambers by an Entriegler is arranged in each Begrenzungsholm.
- the Entriegler has a locking portion preferably in the form of a nose and a Entriegelungsabrough preferably in the form of a protrusion, wherein preferably the Entriegler has a rod-shaped body and the locking portion and the unlocking at the two opposite End regions of the rod-shaped body, preferably at the top and bottom of the two opposite end portions of the body are arranged.
- the Entriegler projects in the installed state only in the region of the projection a height h1 of the side walls, and is located in the remaining area in a height h2 ⁇ h1.
- the Entriegler can in this case be pivotally mounted and protrude through a rotation about a rotation axis in the region of the anchoring portion, the height h1 of the side walls by this rotation.
- the storage of the Entrieglers here is advantageously arranged closer to the unlocking, so that by a rotational movement of the locking portion undergoes a larger path change than the unlocking.
- a control lever and / or an Entriegler is arranged at each Begrenzungsholm.
- the control lever is in this case releasably connected to the Begrenzungsholm, more precisely, the control lever engages in the Begrenzungsholm releasably and is advantageously mounted on the rear wall.
- the rear wall can be optimally pressed in a filling position to each component chamber, so that the best possible seal between the rear wall and the respective side wall of the respective component chamber is achieved.
- the form of the shawm comprises four to sixteen, preferably six to fourteen, in particular twelve, component chambers, wherein two rows of component chambers arranged next to one another are preferably arranged mirror-inverted.
- angled wall panels such as L-stones
- L-stones so several walls can be made in parallel, with a mass production can be achieved by the battery shape of the formwork.
- a weight of about 6 tons For small L-bricks, the weight for the same number of L-bricks and formwork is about 2.5 t.
- the rear wall of all adjacent component chambers is integrally formed. This allows a simultaneous arrival and departure of the rear wall for all component chambers, so that a simultaneous filling and demoulding of all component chambers can take place.
- the formwork can thus be used economically for a time- and cost-saving mass production.
- At least one permanent-magnetic or magnetizable and preferably recessed receiving region is provided in the front wall in which temporarily a einzug tellende support receptacle, in particular a threaded sleeve, a component can be arranged, wherein preferably the receiving area is disposed at a position of the front wall, which corresponds to a center of gravity suspension mount or a center of gravity constellation of several support receptacles of the device.
- the component can be accommodated on the mounting receptacle by means of, for example, a screw-in hook, a lifting lug or a plug-in element and rotated in an aligned and stable position and / or held in this position.
- an adapter disc When attaching a transport loop, lifting eye or screw-in, it offers to relieve the threaded sleeve and the surrounding concrete material, first insert an adapter disc before screwing a fixing screw in a recess around the threaded sleeve, so that lateral forces are transmitted over the adapter screw over a large area on the concrete wall can.
- an adapter disc can be cast together with the threaded sleeve.
- a wall plate or an L-shaped component In the case of a wall plate or an L-shaped component, this can be raised and transported by the center of gravity of the support receptacle or an ensemble of support receptacles that remains aligned due to the center of gravity of the aligned to the ground portion of the wall parallel to the ground or without effort Component be aligned in its spatial position.
- the component can therefore be placed flat on the floor. This is particularly advantageous if such walls or L-shaped components to be installed in a gravel foundation, as the gravel is not moved by asymmetric load.
- the fact that the bottom-side portion of the L-shape is aligned parallel to the ground, there is no punctiform or uneven placement on the gravel foundation. Accordingly, the gravel foundation is not uneven or irregularly deformed by the settling of the device.
- a support receptacle on the front side surface is arranged centrally in the lower third of an L-walled glass.
- the mounting receptacle may preferably have a sleeve with an internal thread and an enlarged anchor block on one end face of the sleeve for positive fixation in the concrete block, which is embedded in the structural element, and in which a screw-in hook or a load eye can be accommodated by means of a screw.
- a fixing element can initially be used in the holder receptacle, which can be arranged temporarily in the form of a form.
- the fixing element may comprise a threaded bolt and a ferromagnetic base disk, wherein the threaded bolt is screwed into the threaded sleeve of the holder receptacle.
- the base plate may be formed, for example, as a thin disk or as a magnet.
- the base plate can be used in a recessed receiving area of the mold wall to ensure a correct position positioning of the support receptacle, so that the support receptacle remains arranged in the center of gravity of the cast concrete product.
- the fixing element can also be positioned freely on the base wall.
- either the fixing element is magnetic, in particular the base plate, or in the mold wall in the receiving area, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet for temporarily holding the holder receptacle is provided.
- a component-side receiving region can be formed by the base plate in the region of the holder receptacle, which is covered by a plastic cover, for example, when the holding element is not in use.
- the mounting bracket can be used after mounting the concrete element for attachment of structural elements such as a railing, a bracket or the like.
- the fixing element may comprise a threaded bolt with a head as thin as possible as a base plate, for example a welded-on or otherwise attached washer, which is received in the holder receptacle. The fixing element can be reused several times for the production of components.
- the fixing element can be removed from the mounting receptacle, and it can be a Einschraubh hook or a male fastened in the support receptacle to implement the concrete element in its center of gravity suspension force-saving and freely rotatable
- a plastic insert, a stainless steel insert or the like can be screwed into the holder receptacle in order to create a visually appealing filling of the sleeve, which remains permanently arranged there.
- a receiving area can be provided in the vertical component section, since the center of gravity lies in the component.
- a plurality of holder receptacles can be provided in different component sections and layers.
- a center of gravity suspension can then be achieved in such a way that all reception areas are connected to lifting means, for example a chain or steel cable, and the lifting means are connected and raised with each other so that a center of gravity is formed outside the concrete product.
- lifting means for example a chain or steel cable
- the lifting means are connected and raised with each other so that a center of gravity is formed outside the concrete product.
- the support receptacle of each concrete product is provided at an identical position in the formwork, all concrete products can be identical, ie manufactured with an identical position of the support receptacle become.
- the components in the installed state next to each other also remain with a visible surface with the support receptacle, since the support receptacles are arranged at all components at the same position and thus creates a uniform image.
- mounting receptacles can be introduced, for example, for structural purposes at any other points of the device, for example on the front or rear wall but also on side walls according to the same principle, for example, to be able to connect railing or fasteners for other building.
- At least one front wall of the mold base body and at least one adjacent side wall and / or at least one rear wall and at least one adjacent side wall are each formed at right angles to each other.
- all side walls to all rear walls and to all front walls are executed at right angles, so that the front walls are parallel to the rear walls of the formwork. Due to the configuration of the formwork with at least one movable side wall a Demoulding is no longer necessary. This allows the production of components with smooth-surfaced surfaces, without a conical arrangement of the shuttering plates is necessary to each other. The component can therefore have a right angle to all surfaces geometry. The detachment of the formwork from the component is not a problem by the method of at least one side wall.
- the invention discloses a method for filling and stripping a formwork. It is proposed that after filling the at least one component chamber in a filling position with a horizontally upwardly open filling side, the form remains in the filling position until the filling material, preferably the concrete, at least partially bonded and at least one side wall for stripping by a Opening movement of the rear wall, preferably by pivoting by an angle ⁇ or tilting, is moved. Thus, the pressure between the at least partially bonded filling material and the side wall can be reduced. Since this is done before the complete stripping of the formwork, a device with defined edges and / or bevels can be produced.
- the filling material is completely set and at least partially hardened, so that the component no longer plasticises according to the method of a side wall and thus does not change its shape.
- the components can be moved out laterally with vacuum systems from the formwork and then turned over and placed on a substrate.
- the method takes place after at least partially setting the filler after a maximum of 8 to 12 hours, in particular less than 8 to 12 hours, preferably 5 hours pivoting of the form into a form Demoulding position, so that the filling side is oriented downwards.
- the formwork can be moved upwards in this demoulding position, so that the components remain on the ground.
- the filling material is completely set and at least partially hardened when pivoting the formwork, so that the component has reached its self-bearing capacity and no longer plasticized after pivoting in a Entschalungsposition and thus does not change the shape.
- the formwork rotates with the components by 180 ° and about the center of gravity axis.
- the component does not fall out of the formwork during rotation of the formwork or directly upon reaching the Entschalposition, at least partially a supernatant in the form of a protruding edge or projection can be attached to the upper edge of the rear wall, so that when the rear wall is closed, the component and is held in a form-fitting manner in the formwork. Only by pivoting or deflecting the rear wall after discontinuation of the formwork in the Entschalposition the component is exposed by opening the rear and side wall and the formwork can be moved upwards. The component remains on the ground in the parked position, for example ready for assembly on a transport pallet.
- the rear wall is moved away from the component opening in the delamination position after placing the formwork on a substrate, in particular is pivoted.
- a previously described Entriegler can be used, which establishes contact with the ground upon discontinuation of the inverted formwork, and releases the rear and side walls.
- the at least one control lever activates the Abstellermechanik, wherein at least one side wall is moved away from the component and then the formwork for dismantling is moved upwards.
- the process of unlocking and the method of the rear wall and the at least one side wall can thus be carried out automatically.
- the rear wall is thus simultaneously moved away from the plurality of component chambers arranged next to one another.
- the rear wall may be pivotally hinged to the base structure of the formwork and locked by means of at least one transverse guide bar on the side walls supporting boundary spar.
- the guide rod may have wedge elements which can engage in claws or locking hooks of the limiting spar.
- the at least one component is deposited in the removal position on a transport fleece, preferably a conveyor carpet with conveying brushes, wherein the at least one component is moved away by the transport fleece against the mold base body.
- a transport fleece comprises a multiplicity of angled fleece stems, wherein a load placed on the fleece is transported by angling of the stalks a certain distance in the angling direction.
- a freshly turned off component, parked on the transport fleece transports a transport path in non-woven angle direction away from a shuttering wall.
- the components In a formwork with two opposite mirrored arranged component chambers, the components, preferably the angled wall sheets or L-stones, moved away from each other.
- the substrate conveyor tapes with conveyor brushes with 70 ° inclined brushes can be used.
- the inclined conveyor brushes are arranged away from the mold body oriented away, so that the components are moved against the mold base body when parked on these conveyor busts.
- Such a formwork can be used in a production line, wherein parallel different formworks for producing different component geometries can be used.
- the components with conventional dimensions and large numbers can be produced on a route, and parallel special component forms can be manufactured.
- the formwork can be stored in a convection-heated high-bay warehouse.
- the components can already be switched off after less than 8 hours, in particular after 5 hours in a Generalaushärtephase and stored without the formwork in this high-bay warehouse. Since the demoulding takes place without mechanical stress on the components, early demoulding is possible, so that the production capacity can be increased.
- the residual curing can be carried out in the high-bay warehouse, which can be achieved after at least 24 hours, a full drying.
- Such an automated production line may include two or more formwork preparation lines in which the formwork is cleaned, maintained and reinforced.
- a reinforcing steel can be introduced into the formwork, which defines the internal steel construction of the component.
- the temporarily mountable mounting receptacles can be arranged in the form of a formwork. After a transfer to the concrete filling plant, the formwork is filled, thereafter compacted and spent in hardening stations for partial hardening. There it can remain for a part hardening time of 5 or more hours until the surface of the components has hardened in such a way that it is possible to dismantle it.
- a shuttering is done by a 180 ° rotation along the longitudinal axis of the formwork, and settling of the components by their own weight on a pallet or a demoulding plate.
- the plurality of parallel components are arranged on a plate.
- the formwork body 26 has horizontal wall sections 28, 30 and vertical wall sections 28, 32 of the front wall 28 of the mold base body 26 on.
- the component chambers 16 are thus designed for the formation of wall panels, in particular angled wall panels.
- the limiting beams 64 are each formed from two side walls 38, 40. Within the limiting spars, the mechanism for moving the side walls is in opposition to each other so that the distances a1 and a2 (see also FIG Fig. 12 ) can vary between two side walls.
- the rear walls 36 are shown slightly pivoted, as is necessary for stripping the formwork. In the illustrated embodiment, stripping takes place without giving or rotating the formwork.
- the components (not shown) are removed in the position shown and then rotated and placed on a ground.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view of limiting limb 64 of an embodiment according to Fig. 1 shown.
- the limiting rail 64 is formed from a plurality of side walls 38, 40. Inside the Begrenzungsholms 64 Abstellermechanik 66 is attached, which has guide plates 72 with slots 74. In these slots 74 guide elements 76 of the guide plates 72 are arranged. These allow the process of the side walls 38, 40 against each other by the guide members 76 are moved in the slots 74, whereby the guide plates 72 are moved in the vertical and horizontal direction and finally the side plates 38, 40 connected to the guide plates 72 are also moved.
- Each limiting beam 64 may include four guide plates 72, each with two oblong holes 74, in this vertical section.
- Fig. 3 shows a cross section of an embodiment according to Fig. 1 , Shown is the formwork 10 in a filling position 84 with vertically aligned rear walls 36.
- the component chamber 16 is thus formed by a plurality of side walls 38, 40 each have a section rear wall 38, 42 and the mold base body 26 and the rear wall 36.
- FIG. 3 A representation of the formwork 10 after Fig. 3 in a dismantling position 88 Fig. 4 ,
- the rear walls 36 are shown pivoted.
- the rear walls 36 can be further pivoted from the position shown, so that the angle between the rear wall 36 and the side walls 40 is further increased. All other elements of this embodiment correspond to those of Fig. 3 ,
- Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a formwork 10 according to the invention in a filling position 84.
- the formwork 10 includes twelve component chambers 16, which are each formed from a mold base 26, a rear wall 36, a plurality of side walls 38, 40 and a section rear wall 38, 42.
- the rear wall 36 of all arranged on one side of the formwork 10 form component chambers 16 may be integrally formed. This also applies to the mold body.
- each limit rail 64 includes an unlatcher 46 having a latch portion 60, 62 and an unlock portion (not visible in this position of the unlatcher 46).
- control lever 44 and one associated unlocker 46 per rear wall 36, which is preferably arranged in the region of the middle component chamber 16.
- an unlatcher 46 and associated control lever 44 may be arranged, or it may be the number of control lever 44 differ from the number of Entriegler 46.
- Fig. 6 shows a cross section through an embodiment according to Fig. 5 ,
- the formwork 10 is in this case shown in a filling position 84, wherein the rear walls 36 are vertically aligned.
- the Entriegler 46 are disposed within the limiting bars 64 and are in a not yet locked position, so that the locking portion 60 with nose 62 is still visible.
- the nose 62 of the locking portion 60 is disposed on the underside 50 of the Entrieglers 46.
- In this position of the Entrieglers 46 of the unlocking portion 56 is not visible with a projection 58, since it is disposed within the limiting beam 64 and is covered by the side walls 38, 40.
- To lock the unlocker 46 is rotated so that the top 52 of the Entrieglers 46 is parallel to the side wall 40.
- Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the formwork 10 shown in perspective Fig. 5 for a modified component geometry 12.
- This formwork 10 is suitable for small-sized angled wall panels.
- the rear walls 36 are shown pivoted outwards.
- Each component chamber consists of a plurality of side walls 38, 40, in each case a section rear wall 42, a part of the mold base body 26 and a part of the rear wall 36.
- the limiting beams 64 are formed from a plurality of side walls 38 and section side walls 40 and each include a Entriegler 46. In this position with pivoted rear walls 36, the control lever 44 are visible.
- Each Entriegler 46 and each limiting beam 64 is associated with a control lever 44 so that their number coincides.
- Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a cross section of the embodiment Fig. 7 shown with pivoted rear walls 36.
- the control levers 44 are arranged on the rear walls 36.
- the Entriegler 46 are shown in a rotating position, so that only the locking portion 60 with nose 62 is visible.
- the unlocking section 56 with projection 58 of the Entrieglers 46 is located in this position within the limiting spar 46 and is covered by the side walls 38, 40.
- the formwork 10 in the illustrated embodiment is suitable for small-format, angled wall panels, since the section rear walls 38, 40 of the mirrored opposing component chambers 16 are far away from each other and do not touch.
- Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of a formwork 10 for large-sized, angled wall panels. This can be seen in that the section rear walls 38, 42 of the oppositely mirrored arranged component chambers 16 touch. In the illustrated position, the rear walls 36 are moved so close to the side walls 38, that the control lever 44 already engage in the Abstellermechanik 66, which is disposed within the limiting rails 64. The control lever 44 in this case engage in the guide elements 70 (not visible in this view) of the control lever 44 a. Each limiting bar 64 is associated with a control lever 44. For a formwork 10 with twelve opposite and mirrored side by side arranged component chambers 16 fourteen control lever 44 and fourteen Entriegler 46 are therefore arranged. A cross section through a formwork 10 after Fig. 9 is in Fig. 10 shown.
- Fig. 11 shows a side view of a formwork after FIGS. 9 and 10 , Shown is a side view of a rear wall 36, wherein the Entriegler 46 protrude above. In the seven visible boundary rails 64 each Entriegler 46 is arranged.
- FIG. 12 An associated section of a plan view of this embodiment of the formwork 10 after Fig. 9 is in Fig. 12 shown.
- the section shows four component chambers 16, wherein only the horizontal wall section 30 of the front wall 28 of the main body 26 is visible from the main body 26 of the formwork 10.
- the horizontal wall section 30 is bounded by the side wall 38, ie the section rear wall 42 and two section side walls 40 and has a width a1.
- Between two side walls 38, 40 is the Abstellermechanik 66 in the Begrenzungsholm 64, wherein the limiting beam 64 has a width a2.
- the control levers 44 which are attached to the rear wall 36, engage in the limiting beam 64.
- an Entriegler 46 is arranged.
- Fig. 13 shows a single view of the vertical portion of a limiting spar 64, which is formed from two side walls 38, 40.
- the Abstellermechanik 66 This is formed of guide plates 42 with slots 74. Within these slots 74 guide elements 76 of the guide plates 72 are arranged.
- the shelf includes four guide plates 72 with two slots 74.
- guide elements 70 are also arranged for the control lever 44. These have a circular geometry and can be designed as rollers.
- Another, perspective view of the limiting spar 64 after Fig. 13 is in Fig. 14 shown. In this view, the four guide plates 72 are visible.
- a perspective embodiment of the control lever 44 is shown.
- the control lever 44 comprises a sealing portion 78 and a control portion 80.
- the sealing portion 78 is made straight and is located in the region of the control lever 44, which is closer to the rear wall 36 (not shown).
- the control section 80 is made bent.
- the control lever 44 engages first with the control section 80 in the guide elements 70 (not shown) in the Abstellermechanik 66 (not shown).
- the travel speed of the side walls 36 is controlled by the Abstellermechanik.
- Another curved shape of the control portion 80 of the control lever 44 thus results in a different travel speed of the side walls 38.
- the control portion 80 may also be partially rectilinear, preferably in the area where the control portion 80 first engages the guide members 72.
- FIG. 16 shows a further perspective view of such a control lever after Fig. 15 , In Fig. 17 the control lever 44 is off FIGS. 15 and 16 shown again as a page presentation. The rectilinear portion of the control portion 80 at the right end of the control lever 44 is clearly visible in this view.
- Fig. 18 is a section of Fig. 10 shown.
- the detailed view shows a section through the boundary rail 64, wherein the complete Entriegler 46 is visible.
- the Entriegler 46 has a rod-shaped base body 48 and two end portions 64.
- An end portion 64 here forms the locking portion 60, which is formed by a nose 62.
- the nose 62 is attached to the underside 50 of the Entrieglers 46.
- the other end portion 54 of the Entrieglers 46 forms a Entriegelungsabêt 56, wherein this is formed by a projection / projection 58.
- This projection 58 is located on the upper side 52 of the Entrieglers 46.
- the Entriegler 46 can rotate about an axis of rotation 96.
- the rotation axis 96 is located near the end portion 54 on which the unlocking portion 56 is disposed.
- the rear wall 36 of the formwork 10 is shown slightly inclined, so that the control lever 44 does not yet engage with the control section 80 in the Abstellermechanik 66, ie in the guide elements 70.
- the Entriegler 46 is in a not yet locking position.
- the locking portion 60 thus protrudes above the side walls 38, and the unlocking portion 56 lies in a position within these side walls 38, that means within the limiting spar 64.
- FIG. 19 Perspective another embodiment of a formwork 10 according to the invention is shown.
- the illustrated embodiment has no control lever 44 and no Entriegler 46. Instead, a plurality of guide rods 102 are arranged on the rear wall 36, on which a plurality of wedges 100 are integrated. For each wedge there is an associated hook 98 in the respective limiter bar 64. For the illustrated embodiment with four component chambers 16, therefore, twelve wedges 100 and twelve associated hooks 98 are required.
- the guide rod 102 with integrated wedges 100 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the rear wall 96.
- the limiting beams 64 are also formed by side walls 38, 40 in this embodiment.
- Fig. 20 shows a perspective detail view of the embodiment according to Fig. 19 , Shown is a section of the rear wall 36, on which a guide rod 102 and a wedge 100 are visible.
- the guide rod 102 can in this case be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the guide rod 102 so that the wedge 100 moves in the direction of the hook 98.
- the wedge 100 initially engages with the smaller cross-sectional area in the hook.
- Fig. 21 shows a perspective longitudinal section through Fig. 20 by the hook 98.
- the guide rod 102 By moving the guide rod 102 in the longitudinal direction of the wedge 100 can be moved toward the hook 98.
- the hook can be clamped to different degrees with the wedge.
- the contact pressure of the rear wall 36 on the side walls 38 can thus be controlled and optimized via the wedge 100.
- the sealing function can be controlled individually by this contact pressure between the back wall and side wall.
- FIGs. 22a to 22c are sectional views through a support receptacle 104 of a device 12, 14 shown.
- the bracket receptacle 104 which is composed of a threaded sleeve 106 and a thickened anchor block 110.
- the anchor block 110 is cast in the interior of the component 12 and ensures anchoring of the threaded sleeve 106.
- a fixing element 114 is inserted into the holder receptacle 104 for temporary attachment of the mounting receptacle 104 in the form of a mold.
- the fixing element 114 comprises a threaded bolt 116 and a ferromagnetic thin and circular base plate 118.
- the threaded bolt 116 can be screwed into the threaded sleeve 106.
- a receiving region 112 of the front wall 28 has a depression region which can at least partially receive the base plate 118.
- the depression area prevents the position of the holder receptacle 104 on the front wall 28 from changing.
- the position of the receiving region 112 is selected such that the holder receptacle is suitable after a successful casting of the concrete element for a center of gravity of the component.
- a magnet 108 is arranged either as a permanent magnet or as an electromagnet which can frictionally secure the base plate 118 and thus fix the holder receptacle.
- the base plate 118 may be permanently magnetic to adhere to a ferromagnetic receiving region 112.
- Fig. 22c is shown in a sectional view of the cast in the device 12, 14 support receptacle 104.
- the fixing element 114 can be removed from the holder receptacle 104 and reused.
- a heavy-duty hook can be screwed for transport, which serves as a point of attack for a lifting device such as cranes, etc., to lift the component in the center of gravity and force-free to move in any position.
- a plurality of mounting receivers 104 may be provided, wherein the area of the component 14 around the mounting receptacle can furthermore have a recessed area 120, which was effected by the base disk 118.
- the recessed area 120 may be used to receive a cover, for example, of plastic, stainless steel, the like, to close the fixture receptacle 104 after final assembly to produce a viewing surface.
- the magnet arrangement of the holder receptacle 104 ensures that the holder receptacle 104 is positioned exactly for a center of gravity receptacle in the concrete element.
- a free-floating component By recording the center of gravity, a free-floating component can be moved in the assembly phase, for example, parallel to a gravel pack and placed without side thrust, so that a gravel or concrete bed is not displaced and repositioning is possible without effort.
- the bracket receptacle 104 may be used after the final assembly of the component 14 in a building project for attachment of other structural parts such as fasteners, railings, recordings, etc.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schalform (10) zur Herstellung von mindestens einem Bauelement (12) insbesondere einem Betonbauelement (14) mit definierten Kanten (18) und/oder Fasen (20). Die Schalform (10) weist zumindest eine Bauelementkammer (16) welche durch einen, zumindest eine Vorderwand (28) definierenden Formgrundkörper (26), mindestens eine Rückwand (36) und mehrere Seitenwände (38) der Schalform (10) begrenzt wird. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass zumindest eine Rückwand (36) zum Öffnen bewegbar ausgestaltet ist, bevorzugt schwenkbar oder verschieblich gelagert ist, und mindestens eine Seitenwand (38) verfahrbar ausgestaltet ist, wobei eine Abstellermechanik (66) zwischen Rückwand (36) und Seitenwand (38) vorgesehen ist, die bei einer Öffnungsbewegung der Rückwand (36) ein Verfahren der Seitenwand (38) bewirkt.The invention relates to a formwork (10) for producing at least one component (12), in particular a concrete component (14) with defined edges (18) and / or bevels (20). The formwork (10) has at least one component chamber (16) which is bounded by a molding base (26) defining at least one front wall (28), at least one rear wall (36) and a plurality of side walls (38) of the formwork (10). It is proposed that at least one rear wall (36) is designed to be movable to open, preferably pivotally or displaceably mounted, and at least one side wall (38) is designed to be movable, wherein a Abstellermechanik (66) between the rear wall (36) and side wall (38 ) is provided, which causes a process of the side wall (38) during an opening movement of the rear wall (36).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schalform zur Herstellung von mindestens einem Bauelement, insbesondere einem Betonbauelement mit definierten Kanten und/oder Fasen. Ebenso offenbart die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Befüllen und Ausschalen einer derartigen Schalform.The invention relates to a formwork for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component with defined edges and / or bevels. Likewise, the invention discloses a method for filling and stripping of such a formwork.
Mithilfe der vorgeschlagenen Schalform ist es möglich, Bauelemente mit Sichtoberflächen, Kanten und/oder Fasen herzustellen, die eine sehr hohe Güte aufweisen.Using the proposed form of shell, it is possible to produce components with visible surfaces, edges and / or bevels, which have a very high quality.
Mauerscheiben werden dort eingesetzt, wo hohe Lasten durch großen Höhenversatz oder zusätzliche Verkehrsbelastung auftreten. Die Mauerscheiben dienen als Winkelstützelemente zum Abfangen von Geländesprüngen, die durch Hanglasten und/oder Verkehrslasten beansprucht werden, sie kommen in der Stadt-, Garten- und Landschaftsgestaltung zum Einsatz. Hierbei können ebene oder Eckelemente eingesetzt werden, wobei die üblichen Abmessungen bei einer Höhe von 55 cm bis 305 cm und einer Wanddicke von 12 cm liegen. Die Oberflächen sind hierbei als Sichtbeton ausgebildet.Wall slabs are used where high loads occur due to large height offset or additional traffic load. The wall slabs serve as angle support elements for interception of terrain jumps, which are claimed by slope loads and / or traffic loads, they are used in urban, garden and landscape design. Here, level or corner elements can be used, the usual dimensions are at a height of 55 cm to 305 cm and a wall thickness of 12 cm. The surfaces are hereby designed as exposed concrete.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Schalformen bekannt, bei welchen besonders bei der Herstellung von abgewinkelten Mauerscheiben, auch L-Steine genannt, eine der Oberflächenseiten durch eine Schaltafel und die andere Seite der Oberfläche händisch glatt gestrichen werden. Derartige Schalformen erlauben die Ausgestaltung lediglich einer Sichtseite der abgewinkelten Bauelemente mit einer hohen Oberflächengüte. Durch architektonische Gestaltungen kann es gewünscht sein, auch die der Hangseite zugewandte Oberfläche der Mauerscheibe mit einer optimalen Güte herzustellen. Hierbei werden besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Herstellung die im eingebauten Zustand sichtbaren Fasen und/oder Kanten der Mauerscheibe gestellt. Bei Einsatz einer Schalform mit Schaltafeln an jeder Sichtseite der Mauerscheibe, entsteht ein hoher Druck zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen der Mauerscheibe und der Schaltafel. Beim Ausschalprozess besteht hierbei die Gefahr des Ausreißens oder Abreißens der Kanten und/oder Fasen der Mauerscheibe. Die Gefahr des Ausreisens / Abreisens der Fasen und/ oder Kanten kann dadurch minimiert werden, in dem das Betonbauelement bis zum erhärteten Zustand des Betons in der Schalform verbleibt.Formwork forms are known from the prior art, in which, especially in the production of angled walls, also called L-stones, one of the surface sides are smoothed by hand through a formwork board and the other side of the surface. Such formwork forms allow the design of only one visible side of the angled components with a high surface quality. By architectural designs, it may be desirable to produce the slope side facing surface of the wall with an optimal quality. In this case, particularly high demands are placed on the production of visible in the installed state chamfers and / or edges of the wall. When using a formwork with formwork panels on each visible side of the wall, creates a high pressure between the opposite surfaces of the wall plate and the formwork panel. When Ausschalprozess this involves the risk of tearing or tearing off the edges and / or chamfers of the wall. The risk of emigration / departure of the chamfers and / or edges can be minimized by the fact that the concrete component remains up to the hardened state of the concrete in the formwork.
Der Beton beginnt in Abhängigkeit vom Zementgehalt bereits nach 1 bis 3 Stunden abzubinden, d. h. der Mörtel verliert seine Plastizität und beginnt zu Erstarren. Der Prozess des Abbindens ist nach 6 bis 8 Stunden abgeschlossen. Erst nach diesem Zeitraum treten die ersten Anzeichen einer Erhärtung ein. Der abgebundene, aber noch nicht erhärtete Beton hat die Plastizität des ungebundenen Betons verloren und behält seine Form, besitzt jedoch eine hohe Empfindlichkeit da der erstarrte aber noch nicht erhärtete Beton mechanischen Beanspruchungen noch nicht standhalten kann.Depending on the cement content, the concrete begins to set after just 1 to 3 hours, ie the mortar loses its plasticity and begins to solidify. The process of bonding is completed after 6 to 8 hours. Only after this period, the first signs of hardening occur. The set but not yet hardened concrete has lost the plasticity of the unbound concrete and retains its shape, but has a high sensitivity because the solidified but not yet hardened concrete can not withstand mechanical stresses yet.
Nach ca. 24 Stunden ist ein üblicher Beton erhärtet, wobei der Beton die endgültige Nennfestigkeit jedoch noch nicht erreicht hat.After about 24 hours, a conventional concrete is hardened, but the concrete has not yet reached the final nominal strength.
Beton hat in der Regel nach 28 Tagen seine Nennfestigkeit erreicht. Bei der Herstellung von Mauerscheiben wird in der Praxis schon nach 24 Stunden ausgeschalt, wobei das Betonprodukt danach noch nicht belastet werden darf, da wie beschrieben die endgültige Nennfestigkeit noch nicht erreicht ist. Vorheriges Ausschalen in einem Zeitraum kleiner 24 Stunden birgt die Gefahr des Abreisens / Ausreisens einzelner Abschnitte des Betonbauelements mit sich, wenn das Abtrennen des Betonbauelements von der Schalform eine zu große mechanische Belastung darstellt.Concrete has usually reached its nominal strength after 28 days. In the production of masonry walls is turned off in practice after 24 hours, the concrete product must not be charged thereafter, since as described, the final nominal strength has not yet been reached. Previous stripping in a period of less than 24 hours involves the risk of departure / exit of individual sections of the concrete component with it, if the separation of the concrete component from the formwork represents an excessive mechanical load.
Eine wirtschaftliche Nutzung der Schalformen ist in der Praxis somit nur schwer möglich, da eine hohe Anzahl an Schalformen benötigt wird, um eine Vielzahl an Mauerscheiben in kurzer Zeit herzustellen.An economic use of formworks is thus difficult in practice, since a large number of formwork forms is required to produce a variety of wall panels in a short time.
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In der
Ausgehend vorm vorgenannten Stand der Technik ergibt sich das Problem, dass Mauerscheiben ohne konische Seitenflächen mit Sichtbetonoberflächen mit hoher Güte an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten und definierten Kanten und/oder Fasen mit derartigen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schalformen schwer realisierbar sind, und für eine Massenproduktion nicht zufriedenstellend hergestellt werden können. Vorbekannte Schalformen weisen einen komplexen technischen Aufbau auf und erfordern aktiv betriebene Aktuatorelemente wie Hydraulikzylinder oder ähnliches. Zudem besteht das Problem, dass mit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Schalformen aufgrund der benötigten Zeit bis zum Ausschalen keine wirtschaftliche Herstellung möglich ist.Starting from the aforementioned prior art, there is the problem that wall plates without conical side surfaces with high-quality exposed concrete surfaces on at least two opposite sides and defined edges and / or chamfers with such known from the prior art formwork forms are difficult to implement, and for mass production can not be produced satisfactorily. Previous formwork forms have a complex technical structure and require actively operated actuator elements such as hydraulic cylinders or the like. In addition, there is the problem that with the known from the prior art formwork due to the time required to stripping no economic production is possible.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schalform bereitzustellen, die es ermöglicht, Bauelemente wie Mauerscheiben mit Sichtoberflächen, Fasen und/oder Kanten an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen bereitzustellen, die eine hohe Güte und ohne Entschalkonizität wirtschaftlich in Serienfertigung herstellbar sind.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a formwork, which makes it possible to provide components such as wall panels with visible surfaces, chamfers and / or edges on at least two opposite surfaces, which are economically produced in high volume and without Entschalkonizität in mass production.
Diese vorstehenden Probleme werden durch eine Schalform und durch ein Verfahren zum Befüllen und Ausschalen einer derartigen Schalform nach den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt.These foregoing problems are solved by a form of shell and by a method of filling and stripping such a form of shell according to the independent claims. Advantageous developments are shown in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung offenbart eine Schalform zur Herstellung von mindestens einem Bauelement, insbesondere einem Betonbauelement mit definierten Kanten und/oder Fasen, aufweisend zumindest eine Bauelementkammer, welche durch einen zumindest eine Vorderwand definierenden Formgrundkörper mindestens eine Rückwand und mehrere Seitenwände der Schalform begrenzt wird.The invention discloses a formwork for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component with defined edges and / or chamfers, comprising at least one component chamber, which is bounded by at least one front wall defining mold base body at least one rear wall and a plurality of side walls of the formwork.
Es wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass zumindest eine Rückwand zum Öffnen bewegbar ausgestaltet ist, bevorzugt schwenkbar oder verschieblich gelagert ist, und mindestens eine Seitenwand verfahrbar ausgestaltet ist, wobei eine Abstellermechanik zwischen Rückwand und Seitenwand vorgesehen ist, die bei einer Öffnungsbewegung der Rückwand ein Verfahren der Seitenwand bewirkt. Eine derartige Schalform ermöglicht es, rundum schalungsglatte Oberflächen eines Bauelements herzustellen, da durch das Wegfahren mindestens einer Seitenwand mindestens einer der Rückwand der Schalung der Druck zwischen der Schalung und der Oberfläche des Bauelements genommen wird. Eine Konizität der Seitenwände und Oberflächen zur erleichterten Entschalung ist nicht erforderlich, da zumindest an zwei, bevorzugt an drei Seitenflächen des Bauelements die Schalform bewegliche Schalwände aufweist, die bei der Entschalung zurückweichen. Wird die Schalform zur Entschalung gedreht, kann das Bauelement durch sein Eigengewicht nach Öffnen der Rück- und Seitenwand entschalt werden. Das Bauelement kann rundum Sichtbetonoberfläche aufweisen, die ebenso nachträglich durch ein Kugelstrahlverfahren behandelt werden können. Dies ermöglicht weiterhin ein früheres Ausschalen des Bauelements aus der kompletten Schalform. Besonders bei Bauelementen aus Beton kann bereits ausgeschalt werden, wenn der Beton noch nicht völlig erhärtet ist, d. h. in einem Zeitraum kleiner 24 Stunden nach dem Vergießen des Betons. Dadurch, dass das Bauelement durch die mindestens eine verfahrbare Seitenwand nicht mehr von allen zuvor eingeschalten Oberflächen in der Schalform eingespannt ist, kann ein Betonprodukt bereits in einem "weichen" Zustand ausgeschalt werden, da die mechanische Belastung zwischen der Schalform und dem Betonbauelement vor dem Ausschalen minimiert wird. Der Ausschalprozess erfolgt stufenweise, wobei zunächst die kleineren Schalelemente, d. h. mindestens eine Seitenwand, entgegen des Bauelements wegbewegt werden, um vor dem Ausschalen aus den größeren Schalelementen, wie mindestens einer Rückwand der Schalung, den Druck zwischen Schalung und Bauelement bereits zu minimieren. Durch die Ausgestaltung der Schalform mit mindestens einer verfahrbaren Seitenwand und mindestens einer verfahrbaren Seitenwand ist eine Entschalkonizität nicht mehr notwendig. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von Bauelementen mit schalungsglatten Oberflächen und zueinander rechtwinkligen Oberflächen, ohne dass eine konische Anordnung der Schalplatten zueinander notwendig ist. Das Bauelement kann demnach eine zu allen Oberflächen rechtswinklige Geometrie aufweisen. Das Ablösen der Schalung von einem von allen Seiten rechtwinkligen Bauelement stellt durch die Ausgestaltung von mindestens einer verfahrbaren Seitenwand kein Problem dar. Somit sind auch Einschnitte bzw. Hinterschnitte in das Bauelement möglich, da entsprechende Schalelemente herausgefahren bzw. verfahren werden können.It is proposed according to the invention that at least one rear wall is designed to be movable, preferably pivotally or displaceably mounted, and at least one side wall is designed to be movable, wherein a Abstellermechanik is provided between the rear wall and side wall, which in an opening movement of the rear wall, a method of the side wall causes. Such a form of form makes it possible to produce all-round formwork smooth surfaces of a component, since by driving away at least one side wall of at least one of the rear wall of the formwork, the pressure between the formwork and the surface of the component is taken. A conicity of the side walls and surfaces to facilitate deshuttering is not required because at least two, preferably on three side surfaces of the device, the formwork has movable shutter walls, which recede in the demoulding. Will the form of the formwork become deshuttering? rotated, the device can be de-energized by its own weight after opening the rear and side walls. The device may have all-round exposed concrete surface, which can also be subsequently treated by a shot peening process. This also allows earlier stripping of the component from the complete form of the formwork. Especially concrete building elements can already be switched off if the concrete has not yet fully hardened, ie within a period of less than 24 hours after casting the concrete. As a result of the fact that the component is no longer clamped in the form of a form by the at least one movable side wall, a concrete product can already be switched off in a "soft" state, since the mechanical load between the formwork and the concrete component before stripping is minimized. The Ausschalprozess takes place gradually, initially the smaller formwork elements, ie at least one side wall, are moved against the component to already minimize the pressure between formwork and component prior to stripping from the larger formwork elements, as at least one rear wall of the formwork. Due to the configuration of the formwork with at least one movable side wall and at least one movable side wall a Demoulding is no longer necessary. This allows the production of components with smooth-surfaced surfaces and mutually perpendicular surfaces without a conical arrangement of the shuttering plates is necessary to each other. The component can therefore have a right angle to all surfaces geometry. The detachment of the formwork from a right-angled on all sides of the device is by the design of at least one movable side wall is not a problem. Thus, cuts or undercuts in the device are possible because appropriate formwork elements can be moved out or moved.
Vorteilhafterweise werden zuerst die kleinflächigen Bereiche der Schalung, wie die Seitenwände, und im Anschluss die größeren Oberflächenbereiche, wie die Rückwand, wegwärts vom Bauelement verfahren.Advantageously, first the small areas of the formwork, such as the side walls, and subsequently the larger surface areas, such as the rear wall, move away from the component.
Durch das Wegschwenken der Rückwand vor dem kompletten Ausschalen des Bauelements wird zusätzlich der Druck zwischen Bauelement und Schalwand reduziert. Zudem wird das Entnehmen des Bauelements aus der Schalform erleichtert. Das Verfahren der Rückwand kann nach oder zeitgleich mit dem Verfahren mindestens einer Seitenwand erfolgen. Die Geschwindigkeit kann aneinander angepasst und gekoppelt werden. Die Abstellermechanik stellt eine Synchronisierung der Öffnungsbewegung der Rück- und Seitenwand her, wobei eine Fehlbedienung ausgeschlossen ist und eine rein mechanische Kopplung erfolgt. Somit werden die Seitenwände immer parallel mit der Rückwand verfahren und ein einfacher, robuster und sicherer Entschalvorgang kann gewährleistet werden.By pivoting away the rear wall before the complete stripping of the component, the pressure between the component and shutter wall is additionally reduced. In addition, the removal of the component is facilitated from the formwork. The method of the rear wall can be carried out after or at the same time as the method of at least one side wall. The speed can be adapted to each other and coupled. The Abstellermechanik establishes a synchronization of the opening movement of the rear and side wall, with a malfunction is excluded and a purely mechanical coupling takes place. Thus, the side walls are always moved in parallel with the rear wall and a simple, robust and safe Entschalvorgang can be ensured.
Außerdem kann es vorteilhaft sein, mindestens an zwei Seiten angebrachte Elemente der Schalung, beispielsweise die Rückwand und mindestens eine Seitenwand, zeitgleich vom Bauelement wegzubewegen und anschließend das Bauelement aus der Bauelementkammer auszuschalen.Moreover, it may be advantageous to at least two sides mounted elements of the formwork, for example, the rear wall and at least one side wall, at the same time move away from the component and then auszuschalen the component from the component chamber.
Es kann somit ausgeschalt werden, ohne dass die definierten Fasen und/oder Kanten abreißen oder beschädigt werden. Dies kann bereits nach ca. 8 bis 18 Stunden nach dem Vergießen des Betons in die Schalform oder auch früher erfolgen. Dadurch kann ein wirtschaftlicher und zeitlich optimierter Einsatz einer Schalform erreicht werden.It can thus be switched off without tearing or damaging the defined chamfers and / or edges. This can take place after about 8 to 18 hours after casting the concrete in the form of a formwork or even earlier. As a result, an economical and temporally optimized use of a formwork can be achieved.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mindestens zwei Seitenwände der Schalform verfahrbar ausgestaltet. Der Prozess des Ausschalens kann somit weiter erleichtert werden. Die Druckverringerung zwischen der Schalform und dem Betonbauelement ist demnach optimal steuerbar, da an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden zeitgleich der Druck zwischen Schalung und Betonbauelement genommen wird.In a preferred embodiment, at least two side walls of the formwork are designed to be movable. The process of Ausschalens can thus be further facilitated. The pressure reduction between the formwork and the concrete component is therefore optimally controllable because at the same time the pressure between formwork and concrete component is taken on two opposite side walls.
Ebenso kann eine Schalform bereitgestellt werden, bei welcher zwei nebeneinanderliegende Bauelemente in zwei Bauelementkammern zeitgleich hergestellt werden können, wobei jeweils eine angrenzende Seitenwand an das jeweilige Bauteil verfahrbar ausgestaltet sein kann und die mittig liegende Seitenwand starr verbleibt. Ebenso ist es denkbar, auch die mittig zwischen zwei Bauelementkammern liegenden Seitenwände verfahrbar zu gestalten. Für beide parallel hergestellte Bauelemente können somit schalungsglatte Oberflächen mit definierten Kanten und/oder Fasen an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen der Bauelemente hergestellt werden. Beide Bauelemente können jeweils zueinander rechtwinklige Oberflächen aufweisen. So können mehrere beispielsweise abgewinkelte Bauelemente wie Mauerscheiben gefertigt werden, die nebeneinander eingebaut werden können, wobei die Seitenwände der benachbarten Bauelemente zumindest in einem Abschnitt über die komplette Höhe und / oder Breite in Kontakt stehen, ohne dass auf einer Seite ein Schlitz durch eine konische Seitenwand sichtbar zurück bleibt. Dies ermöglich die Fertigung und Errichtung von Trennwänden oder Abtrennungen aus Sichtbeton, die von beiden Seiten optisch ansprechende und lückenfreie Übergänge von einem zum anderen Bauelement ermöglichen. Es können somit Trennwände aus beispielsweise L-Steinen gefertigt werden, die von beiden Seiten unverfüllt, d. h. ohne Abdeckung mit Erdreich oder Ähnlichem, bleiben und eine Sichtbetonoberfläche aufweisen.Likewise, a formwork can be provided in which two adjacent components can be made simultaneously in two component chambers, in each case an adjacent side wall can be designed to be movable on the respective component and the central side wall remains rigid. Likewise, it is also conceivable to make the side walls located centrally between two component chambers movable. For both components produced in parallel, shuttering-smooth surfaces with defined edges and / or chamfers can thus be produced on at least two opposite surfaces of the components. Both components may each have mutually perpendicular surfaces. Thus, for example, several angled components such as wall panels can be made, which can be installed side by side, wherein the side walls of the adjacent components are at least in a section over the entire height and / or width in contact, without on one side a slot through a conical side wall Visible remains. This allows the production and erection of partitions or partitions made of exposed concrete, which allow both sides visually appealing and gap-free transitions from one to another component. It can thus be made of, for example, L-blocks, which are unfilled from both sides, d. H. without covering with soil or the like, remain and have a fair-faced concrete surface.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine verfahrbare Seitenwand über einen an der Rückwand gelagerten und angeordneten Steuerhebel als Teil der Abstellermechanik mechanisch verfahrbar. Dies ermöglicht ein präzises und/oder konstantes Verfahren der mindestens einen Seitenwand. Existieren mehrere verfahrbare Seitenwände können all diese zentral über einen Steuerhebel bewegt werden. Ebenso ist es denkbar, jede Seitenwand individuell über jeweils einen Steuerhebel anzusteuern. Bei einer Schalform mit mindestens zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Bauelementkammern können die mittig zwischen den Bauelementkammern angeordneten Seitenwände, vorzugsweise zwei Seitenwände, mit einem einzigen Steuerhebel synchron gesteuert werden. Hierbei kann der Steuerhebel gespiegelt ansteuern, d. h. die beiden Seitenwände synchron aufeinander zu oder voneinander wegbewegen. Somit kann ein definiertes und synchrones Ablösen der Seitenwände von dem Bauelement vor dem Ausschalen erreicht werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one movable side wall is mechanically movable via a control lever mounted and arranged on the rear wall as part of the storage mechanism. This allows a precise and / or constant method of at least one side wall. There are several movable sidewalls can all These are moved centrally via a control lever. It is also conceivable to control each side wall individually via a respective control lever. In a formwork with at least two adjacent component chambers, the centrally arranged between the component chambers side walls, preferably two side walls, can be controlled synchronously with a single control lever. Here, the control lever can control mirrored, ie move the two side walls synchronously toward or away from each other. Thus, a defined and synchronous detachment of the side walls of the device before stripping can be achieved.
Dadurch, dass der Steuerhebel bevorzugt an der bewegbaren Rückwand gelagert oder angeordnet ist, wird es ermöglicht, die Bewegung der Rückwand mit der Verschiebung der mindestens einen Seitenwand zu koppeln und zu synchronisieren. Dadurch, dass der Steuerhebel an der Rückwand angebracht ist erzeugt eine Bewegung der Rückwand synchron eine Bewegung mindestens einer mit dem Steuerhebel ansteuerbaren Seitenwand, so dass beim Öffnen der Rückwand die Seitenwand vom erstarrten Betonelement wegbewegt, bzw. beim Schließen der Rückwand die Seitenwand in die Abgießposition verfahren wird. Der Verfahrweg der Rückwand und der mindestens einen Seitenwand kann an verschiedene Anforderungen an die Oberflächen der Bauelemente angepasst werden. Es ist vorteilhaft denkbar, dass mehrere Seitenwände mit nur einer Bewegung einer Rückwand verfahren werden können, indem mehrere Steuerhebel an der einen Rückwand angebracht sind, die jeweils eine oder mehrere Seitenwände ansteuern. Somit ist es möglich, mehrere nebeneinanderliegende Bauelementkammern mit jeweils verfahrbaren Seitenwänden auszustatten. Eine Schalform mit zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Bauelementkammern besteht demnach aus einer Rückwand, die sich über beide Bauelementkammern erstreckt, drei an der Rückwand angebrachten Steuerhebeln und vier verfahrbare Seitenwänden.The fact that the control lever is preferably mounted or arranged on the movable rear wall, it is possible to couple the movement of the rear wall with the displacement of the at least one side wall and to synchronize. Characterized in that the control lever is mounted on the rear wall, a movement of the rear wall synchronously generates a movement of at least one controllable with the control lever side wall, so that when opening the rear wall, the side wall moves away from the solidified concrete element, or when closing the rear wall, the side wall in the pouring position is moved. The travel of the rear wall and the at least one side wall can be adapted to different requirements for the surfaces of the components. It is advantageously conceivable that a plurality of side walls can be moved with only one movement of a rear wall by a plurality of control levers are attached to the one rear wall, each controlling one or more side walls. Thus, it is possible to equip several adjacent component chambers each with movable side walls. A formwork with two adjacent component chambers therefore consists of a rear wall which extends over both component chambers, three attached to the rear wall control levers and four movable side walls.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst der Steuerhebel mindestens einen Steuerungsabschnitt, bevorzugt einen gebogenen Steuerungsabschnitt, sowie einen Dichtungsabschnitt, bevorzugt einen geradlinig ausgeführten Dichtungsabschnitt. Durch den Steuerungsabschnitt kann die Geschwindigkeit des Verfahrens der mindestens einen Seitenwand und der Rückwand geregelt werden. Durch den Dichtungsabschnitt erfolgt ein Anpressen der Rückwand in Richtung Bauelementkammer und damit an die Seitenwände. Die Schnittstelle zwischen Rückwand und Seitenwand wird hierbei verdichtet, wobei keine weitere Dichtung notwendig ist. Der Anpressdruck kann hierbei über die Fahrgeschwindigkeit und den Fahrweg der Rückwand gesteuert werden. Durch einen gebogenen Steuerungsabschnitt kann das Heran- oder Wegfahren der Rückwand sowie der Seitenwände präzise gesteuert werden und in der Geschwindigkeit variieren.In an advantageous embodiment, the control lever comprises at least one control section, preferably a curved control section, as well as a sealing section, preferably a rectilinear sealing section. The speed of the process of the at least one side wall and the rear wall can be regulated by the control section. By the sealing portion is a pressing of the rear wall in the direction of the component chamber and thus to the side walls. The interface between the rear wall and side wall is compressed in this case, with no further seal is necessary. The contact pressure can be controlled by the driving speed and the travel of the rear wall. By a curved control section, the approach or departure of the rear wall and the side walls can be precisely controlled and vary in speed.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind zwei gegenüberliegende Seitenwände einer Bauelementkammer relativ zueinander verschiebbar oder verschwenkbar, wodurch ein Abstand a1 zwischen den beiden Seitenwänden veränderbar ist. Somit wird es ermöglicht, zwei Seitenwände einer Bauelementkammer zeitgleich vom Bauelement weg zu bewegen. Dies kann über zwei Steuerhebel erfolgen, die jeweils eine Seitenwand ansteuern. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst die Schalform zumindest zwei benachbarte Bauelementkammern und einen Begrenzungsholm zwischen den Bauelementkammern, an dem zwei Seitenwände angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils eine Seitenwand einer Bauelementkammer zugeordnet ist, wobei der Begrenzungsholm eine Abstellermechanik umfasst, um die beide Seitenwände relativ zueinander verfahrbar sind. Ein Abstand a2 zwischen beiden Seitenwänden, die einen Begrenzungsholm bilden, kann vergrößert oder verkleinert werden. Der Begrenzungsholm kann sich demnach verjüngen. Dies ermöglicht ein zeitgleiches Herstellen und Ausschalen von zwei benachbart angeordneten Bauelementen. Die kann ebenso auf eine Vielzahl an nebeneinanderliegenden Bauelementkammern skaliert werden, indem zwischen den Bauelementkammern je ein derartiger Begrenzungsholm vorhanden ist. Die Abstellermechanik dient zur Steuerung des Verfahrwegs der Seitenwände, wobei die Steuerung auch durch einen Steuerhebel, der in die Abstellermechanik eingreift, erfolgen kann. Um die Schalform nach dem Betonieren und Entschalen wieder zu reinigen ist es ebenso denkbar, dass der Begrenzungsholm entgegen der Vorderwand der Schalform derart zu verfahren, dass ein Spalt zwischen dem Begrenzungsholm mit den Seitenwänden und der Vorderwand entsteht. So kann diese Kante ausreichend gereinigt werden, um beim erneuten Betonieren erneut Bauelemente mit definierten und scharfen Kanten herzustellen.In an advantageous embodiment, two opposite side walls of a component chamber are displaceable or pivotable relative to each other, whereby a distance a1 between the two side walls is variable. Thus, it is possible to move two side walls of a component chamber at the same time away from the component. This can be done via two control levers, each controlling a side wall. In an advantageous embodiment, the formwork includes at least two adjacent component chambers and a limiting beam between the component chambers, on which two side walls are arranged, wherein each one side wall of a component chamber is assigned, wherein the Begrenzungsholm comprises a Abstellermechanik by which both side walls are movable relative to each other. A distance a2 between both side walls, which form a limiting beam, can be increased or decreased. The limiter can therefore rejuvenate. This allows a simultaneous manufacture and stripping of two adjacently arranged components. The can also be scaled to a variety of adjacent component chambers by between the component chambers each such a limiting beam is present. The Abstellermechanik serves to control the travel of the side walls, the controller can also be done by a control lever which engages the Abstellermechanik. In order to clean the formwork again after concreting and demoulding, it is also conceivable that the limiting rail moves against the front wall of the formwork in such a way that a gap is created between the boundary rail with the side walls and the front wall. So this edge can be cleaned sufficiently to re-concreting produce components with defined and sharp edges.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann im Begrenzungsholm ein Haken angeordnet sein, der beim Schließen der Rückwand durch eine Ausnehmung der Rückwand hindurchgreift, wobei in oder auf der Rückwand ein Führungsstab mit integriertem Keil angeordnet ist, der lösbar in den Haken eingreifen kann, und der Führungsstab in oder auf der Rückwand verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Der Führungsstab mit integriertem Keil kann hierbei in Längsrichtung auf der Rückwand verschiebbar sein. Beim Schließen der Rückwand gegen den Begrenzungsholm greift der Haken des Begrenzungsholms durch eine Ausnehmung der Rückwand und umgreift den Führungsstab. Der Keil hat einen größeren Querschnitt als der Führungsstab. Bei der vorgeschlagenen Haken-Keil-Verriegelung greift der am Führungsstab geführte Keil beim Längsverschieben des Führungsstabs mit seiner kleineren Querschnittsfläche in den Haken des Begrenzungsholms ein. Durch die Neigung der Seitenwände des Keils kann der Anpressdruck der Rückwand in Richtung der Bauelementkammer gesteuert werden, in dem der Führungsstab verschoben wird und den Keil in den Haken treibt. Der Keil wird durch den Führungsstab längs auf der Rückwand verschoben, wobei durch die Bewegung die größer werdende Querschnittsfläche des Keils in den Haken eingepresst wird. Somit kann ein auch unter hohem Druck zuverlässiger Verschluss der Bauelementkammern sowie ein erleichtertes Öffnen und Wegklappen der Rückwand erreicht werden. Eine derartige Verbindung schließt auch eine mehrmals verwendete Schalform zuverlässig, da die Verbindung zum Nachspannen bzw. Vorspannen geeignet ist und an verschiedene Längen angepasst werden kann. Es ist ebenso denkbar, dass eine einzelne Seitenwand, die nicht mit dem Begrenzungsholm verbunden ist, aus ihrer 90°-Position gekippt werden kann, um diese Kante ebenso ausreichend zu reinigen. Dies kann beispielweise für die bodenseitige Seitenwand zutreffen, die in der Befüllposition parallel zum Boden angeordnet ist, und auf der der Begrenzungsholm gelagert ist. Während des Betonierens steht der Begrenzungsholm mit den Seitenwänden auf dieser bodenseitigen Seitenwand auf, sodass diese abgedichtet wird.In an advantageous embodiment, a hook can be arranged in the limiting beam, which engages through a recess of the rear wall when closing the rear wall, wherein in or on the rear wall, a guide rod with integrated wedge is arranged, which can engage releasably in the hook, and the guide rod in or slidably disposed on the rear wall. The guide rod with integrated wedge can in this case be displaceable in the longitudinal direction on the rear wall. When closing the rear wall against the limiting spar the hook of the limiting spar engages through a recess of the rear wall and surrounds the guide rod. The wedge has a larger cross section than the guide rod. In the proposed hook-wedge lock the wedge guided on the guide rod engages in the longitudinal movement of the guide rod with its smaller cross-sectional area in the hook of the limiting spar. By the inclination of the side walls of the wedge, the contact pressure of the rear wall in the direction of the component chamber can be controlled, in which the guide rod is displaced and drives the wedge in the hook. The wedge is displaced longitudinally along the rear wall by the guide rod, the larger cross-sectional area of the wedge being pressed into the hook by the movement. Consequently can be achieved even under high pressure reliable closure of the component chambers and a simplified opening and folding away the rear wall. Such a connection also reliably closes a form of closure used several times, since the connection is suitable for tensioning or pretensioning and can be adapted to different lengths. It is also conceivable that a single side wall, which is not connected to the limiting spar, can be tilted out of its 90 ° position in order to sufficiently clean this edge as well. This may for example apply to the bottom-side side wall, which is arranged in the filling position parallel to the ground, and on which the limiting spar is mounted. During concreting, the boundary rail with the side walls on this bottom side wall is on, so that it is sealed.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst die Abstellermechanik Führungselemente zur Führung des Steuerhebels, insbesondere Führungsbleche mit Langlöchern und Führungselementen für diese Langlöcher, über welche die verfahrbaren Seitenwände steuerbar sind. Die Führungselemente der Steuerhebel können als Rollen oder kreisförmige Elemente ausgebildet sein, wobei der Steuerhebel zwischen mindestens zwei dieser Führungselemente einfädelt und von diesen geführt wird. Somit kann eine Schalform für mindestens zwei nebeneinanderliegende Bauelementkammern mit mindestens zwei verfahrbaren Seitenwänden bereitgestellt werden, die sich zwischen den Bauelementkammern befinden, ohne dass der Steuerhebel in die Bauelementkammer eingreift. Der Steuerhebel kann in den Spalt a2 zwischen den beiden Seitenwänden eingreifen. Dieser Spalt a2 wird durch den sogenannten Begrenzungsholm gebildet.In an advantageous embodiment, the Abstellermechanik comprises guide elements for guiding the control lever, in particular guide plates with slots and guide elements for these slots, over which the movable side walls are controllable. The guide elements of the control lever may be formed as rollers or circular elements, wherein the control lever threads between at least two of these guide elements and is guided by these. Thus, a formwork for at least two adjacent component chambers can be provided with at least two movable side walls, which are located between the component chambers, without the control lever engages in the component chamber. The control lever can engage in the gap a2 between the two side walls. This gap a2 is formed by the so-called boundary spar.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist zur Herstellung eines abgewinkelten Bauelements die Vorderwand des Formgrundkörpers abgewinkelt ausgeführt und umfasst mindestens einen vertikalen Wandabschnitt sowie mindestens einen horizontalen Wandabschnitt. Somit ist die Schalform im Speziellen für die Herstellung von abgewinkelten Mauerscheiben, insbesondere für L-Steine, geeignet. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass die Schalform einen vertikalen, einen horizontalen und einen geneigten Wandabschnitt umfasst. Der geneigte Wandabschnitt kann um einen Winkel 0° < α < 90° zum vertikalen Wandabschnitt geneigt sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist der geneigte Abschnitt zwischen dem horizontalen und dem vertikalen Abschnitt ausgebildet. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von L-Steinen mit einer besonders verdickten Wandstärke im Bereich des Übergangs zwischen vertikalem und horizontalem Wandabschnitt. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite zu diesem geneigten Wandabschnitt, sozusagen im Bereich der Rückseite der Schalung, kann die Bauelementkammer ebenso vertikal oder horizontal ausgebildet sein. Weiterhin bietet die Schalung die Möglichkeit, Lichtschächte, d. h. U-förmige Bauelemente herzustellen. Hierzu kann die Vorderwand des Formgrundkörpers aus einem horizontalen und zwei vertikalen Wandabschnitten bestehen.In an advantageous embodiment, the front wall of the molded base body is angled to produce an angled component and comprises at least one vertical wall portion and at least one horizontal wall portion. Thus, the formwork is especially suitable for the production of angled wall panels, especially for L-stones. It is also possible that the formwork comprises a vertical, a horizontal and an inclined wall portion. The inclined wall portion may be inclined by an angle 0 ° <α <90 ° to the vertical wall portion. Advantageously, the inclined portion is formed between the horizontal and the vertical portion. This allows the production of L-stones with a particularly thickened wall thickness in the region of the transition between the vertical and horizontal wall section. On the opposite side to this inclined wall portion, so to speak in the region of the back of the formwork, the component chamber can also be formed vertically or horizontally. Furthermore, the formwork offers the possibility to manufacture light wells, ie U-shaped components. For this purpose, the front wall of the mold base body consist of a horizontal and two vertical wall sections.
So kann die Schalungsform konstruktiv in Einzelkomponenten zerlegbar sein, so dass mit einem mehrteiligen Zusammenbau in verschiedener Zusammenstellung unterschiedliche Bauelementegeometrien wie L-förmige Mauerscheiben unterschiedlicher Höhen oder U-förmige Betonelemente hergestellt werden können. Die Oberflächen der abgewinkelten Bauelementegeometrien können rechtwinklig zueinander ausgebildet sein. Bei L-förmigen Mauerscheiben können die umlaufenden Seitenwände des Fußbereichs konisch ausgebildet sein, so dass keine verfahrbaren Seitenwände im Fußbereich in der Schalform angeordnet sind, und durch eine Entschalkonizität ein leichtes Auslösen aus der Schalform möglich ist. Da in der Regel der Fußbereich einer L-Mauerscheibe im Erdreich verborgen ist, sind konisch verlaufende Seitenbereich der Fußplatte später unsichtbar. Somit kann eine L-förmige Mauerscheibe parallel Seitenflächen der aus dem Untergrund herausragenden Mauerscheibe und konische Seitenflächen der im Untergrund verborgenen Fußplatte aufweisen.Thus, the formwork can be structurally disassembled into individual components, so that different component geometries such as L-shaped walls of different heights or U-shaped concrete elements can be made with a multi-part assembly in different composition. The surfaces of the angled component geometries can be formed at right angles to each other. In the case of L-shaped wall panels, the circumferential side walls of the foot region can be conical, so that no movable side walls are arranged in the foot region in the form of a form, and by a Entschalkonizität easy release of the formwork is possible. Since usually the foot area of an L-wall disc is hidden in the ground, conically extending side area of the base plate are invisible later. Thus, an L-shaped wall plate parallel side surfaces of the protruding from the ground wall and conical side surfaces of the concealed base plate have.
Vorteilhafterweise weist die Schalform eine schwenkbare Grundplatte bzw. Kopfplatte auf, die die Oberseite des abzugießenden Bauelements definiert und die somit aus Bodenplatte der Schalform ausgebildet ist. Die Kopfplatte kann zu Reinigungszwecken gekippt werden, wobei die verfahrbare Seitenwand in einer Befüllposition die Kopfplatte abdichtet und lagefixiert.Advantageously, the formwork has a pivotable base plate or top plate, which defines the top of the component to be cast and which is thus formed from the bottom plate of the formwork. The top plate can be tilted for cleaning purposes, wherein the movable side wall in a filling position seals the head plate and fixed in position.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist an einer der Bauelementkammern abgewandten Seite mindestens einer Seitenwand ein Entriegler angebracht, der die mindestens eine Rückwand in einer Befüllposition fixiert und in einer Entschalungsposition verschwenkbar oder ablösbar entriegelt. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Rückwand während des Befüllens der Schalform in der Position verbleibt, in der diese eine verdichtete Bauelementkammer ausbildet. Für eine Entschalungsposition kann durch Verschwenken des Entrieglers die Rückwand wieder freigegeben werden.In an advantageous embodiment, an entrainer is attached to one of the component chambers facing away from at least one side wall, which fixes the at least one rear wall in a Befüllposition and unlocked in a Entschalungsposition pivotally or releasably. This ensures that the back wall remains in the position during the filling of the form in which it forms a compacted component chamber. For a de-shuttering position, the rear wall can be released again by pivoting the unlocking device.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Entriegler in einem Begrenzungsholm zwischen zwei benachbarten Bauelementkammern angeordnet, an dem zwei Seitenwände angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils eine Seitenwand einer Bauelementkammer zugeordnet ist. Dadurch kann die Rückwand optimal in Richtung Bauelementkammer angepresst werden. Bei der Ausführung mehrere nebeneinander angeordneter Bauelementkammern und somit mehrerer Begrenzungsholme, kann die Rückwand gleichmäßig an alle Bauelementkammern gepresst werden, indem in jedem Begrenzungsholm ein Entriegler angeordnet ist.In an advantageous embodiment, the Entriegler is arranged in a limiting beam between two adjacent component chambers, on which two side walls are arranged, wherein in each case one side wall of a component chamber is assigned. As a result, the rear wall can be pressed optimally in the direction of the component chamber. In the execution of a plurality of juxtaposed component chambers and thus more limiting spars, the rear wall can be pressed uniformly to all component chambers by an Entriegler is arranged in each Begrenzungsholm.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist der Entriegler einen Verriegelungsabschnitt bevorzugt in Form einer Nase sowie einen Entriegelungsabschnitt bevorzugt in Form eines Überstands auf, wobei bevorzugt der Entriegler einen stabförmigen Grundkörper aufweist und der Verriegelungsabschnitt und der Entriegelungsabschnitt an den beiden gegenüberliegenden Endbereichen des stabförmigen Grundkörpers, bevorzugt an der Oberseite und Unterseite der beiden gegenüberliegenden Endbereiche des Grundkörpers angeordnet sind. Bevorzugt überragt der Entriegler im eingebauten Zustand nur im Bereich des Vorsprungs eine Höhe h1 der Seitenwände, und befindet sich im übrigen Bereich in einer Höhe h2<h1. Der Entriegler kann hierbei schwenkbar gelagert sein und durch eine Rotation um eine Rotationsachse auch im Bereich des Verankerungsabschnitts die Höhe h1 der Seitenwände durch diese Rotation überragen. Die Lagerung des Entrieglers ist hierbei vorteilhafterweise näher am Entriegelungsabschnitt angeordnet, sodass durch eine Rotationsbewegung der Verriegelungsabschnitt eine größere Wegänderung erfährt als der Entriegelungsabschnitt.In an advantageous embodiment, the Entriegler has a locking portion preferably in the form of a nose and a Entriegelungsabschnitt preferably in the form of a protrusion, wherein preferably the Entriegler has a rod-shaped body and the locking portion and the unlocking at the two opposite End regions of the rod-shaped body, preferably at the top and bottom of the two opposite end portions of the body are arranged. Preferably, the Entriegler projects in the installed state only in the region of the projection a height h1 of the side walls, and is located in the remaining area in a height h2 <h1. The Entriegler can in this case be pivotally mounted and protrude through a rotation about a rotation axis in the region of the anchoring portion, the height h1 of the side walls by this rotation. The storage of the Entrieglers here is advantageously arranged closer to the unlocking, so that by a rotational movement of the locking portion undergoes a larger path change than the unlocking.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist an jedem Begrenzungsholm ein Steuerhebel und/oder ein Entriegler angeordnet. Der Steuerhebel ist hierbei lösbar mit dem Begrenzungsholm verbunden, genauer gesagt greift der Steuerhebel in den Begrenzungsholm lösbar ein und ist vorteilhafterweise an der Rückwand gelagert. Besonders bei der Ausführung einer Schalform mit mehreren nebeneinanderliegenden Bauelementkammern kann somit der Verfahrweg der Rückwand sowie der Seitenwände über alle Bauelementkammern gleichmäßig gesteuert und synchron verfahren werden. Ebenso kann die Rückwand in einer Befüllposition optimal an jede Bauelementkammer gepresst werden, sodass die bestmögliche Dichtung zwischen Rückwand und der jeweiligen Seitenwand der jeweiligen Bauelementkammer erreicht wird.In an advantageous embodiment, a control lever and / or an Entriegler is arranged at each Begrenzungsholm. The control lever is in this case releasably connected to the Begrenzungsholm, more precisely, the control lever engages in the Begrenzungsholm releasably and is advantageously mounted on the rear wall. Especially in the execution of a formwork with several adjacent component chambers thus the travel of the rear wall and the side walls can be uniformly controlled over all component chambers and moved synchronously. Likewise, the rear wall can be optimally pressed in a filling position to each component chamber, so that the best possible seal between the rear wall and the respective side wall of the respective component chamber is achieved.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Schalform vier bis sechzehn, bevorzugt sechs bis vierzehn, insbesondere zwölf Bauelementkammern, wobei zwei Reihen nebeneinander angeordneter Bauelementkammern bevorzugt gespiegelt gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Besonders bei der Herstellung von abgewinkelten Mauerscheiben, wie L-Steinen, können so mehrere Mauerscheiben parallel gefertigt werden, wobei eine Massenproduktion durch die Batterieform der Schalung erreicht werden kann. Für ein handelsübliches mittleres L-Steinformat ergibt sich für eine Schalform für 12 L-Steine zuzüglich des Füllbetons ein Gewicht von ca. 6 t. Für kleine L-Steine liegt das Gewicht für die gleiche Anzahl an L-Steinen und Schalung bei ca. 2,5 t.In a preferred embodiment, the form of the shawm comprises four to sixteen, preferably six to fourteen, in particular twelve, component chambers, wherein two rows of component chambers arranged next to one another are preferably arranged mirror-inverted. Especially in the production of angled wall panels, such as L-stones, so several walls can be made in parallel, with a mass production can be achieved by the battery shape of the formwork. For a commercially available medium L-stone format results in a formwork for 12 L-bricks plus the filling concrete, a weight of about 6 tons. For small L-bricks, the weight for the same number of L-bricks and formwork is about 2.5 t.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Rückwand aller nebeneinanderliegenden Bauelementkammern einstückig ausgebildet. Dies ermöglicht ein gleichzeitiges An- und Wegfahren der Rückwand für alle Bauelementkammern, so dass ein gleichzeitiges Befüllen und Entschalen aller Bauelementkammern stattfinden kann. Die Schalform kann somit wirtschaftlich für eine zeit- und kostensparende Serienproduktion genutzt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the rear wall of all adjacent component chambers is integrally formed. This allows a simultaneous arrival and departure of the rear wall for all component chambers, so that a simultaneous filling and demoulding of all component chambers can take place. The formwork can thus be used economically for a time- and cost-saving mass production.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform in der Vorderwand zumindest ein permanentmagnetischer oder magnetisierbarer und bevorzugt vertiefter Aufnahmebereich vorgesehen, in dem temporär eine einzugießende Halterungsaufnahme, insbesondere eine Gewindehülse, eines Bauelementes anordenbar ist, wobei bevorzugt der Aufnahmebereich an einer Stelle der Vorderwand angeordnet ist, die einer Schwerpunktsaufhängung der Halterungsaufnahme oder einer Schwerpunktskonstellation mehrerer Halterungsaufnahmen des Bauelements entspricht. Das Bauelement kann an der Halterungsaufnahme mit Hilfe z.B. eines Einschraubhakens, einer Lastöse oder eines Einsteckelements aufgenommen werden und in eine ausgerichtete und stabile Position gedreht und / oder in dieser Position gehalten werden. Bei Befestigung einer Transportschlaufe, Lastöse oder Einschraubhaken bietet es sich zur Entlastung der Gewindehülse und des umgebenden Betonmaterials an, zunächst eine Adapterscheibe vor Einschrauben einer Befestigungsschraube in eine Vertiefung rund um die Gewindehülse einzulegen, so dass seitliche Kräfte über die Adapterschraube großflächig auf die Betonwand übertragen werden kann. Gegebenenfalls kann eine derartige Adapterscheibe zusammen mit der Gewindehülse mit vergossen werden. Im Falle einer Mauerscheibe bzw. eines L-förmigen Bauelements kann dieses durch die Schwerpunktsanordnung der Halterungsaufnahme oder einem Ensemble von Halterungsaufnahmen derart angehoben und transportiert werden, dass aufgrund der Schwerpunktsaufnahme der zum Boden ausgerichtete Abschnitt der Mauerscheibe parallel zum Boden ausgerichtet bleibt bzw. ohne Kraftanstrengung das Bauelement in seiner räumlichen Lage ausgerichtet werden. Das Bauelement kann demnach plan auf dem Boden abgestellt werden. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn derartige Mauerscheiben bzw. L-förmige Bauelemente in ein Kiesfundament eingebaut werden sollen, da die Kiesschüttung nicht durch asymmetrische Belastung verschoben wird. Dadurch, dass der bodenseitige Abschnitt der L-Form parallel zum Boden ausgerichtet ist, erfolgt kein punktuelles oder ungleichmäßiges Aufsetzen auf dem Kiesfundament. Demnach wird das Kiesfundament durch das Absetzen des Bauelements nicht uneben oder ungleichmäßig verformt. Ein ebenes Aufsetzen der Mauerscheibe bzw. des L-förmigen Bauelements wird gewährleitet, ohne dass das Kiesfundament nachbearbeitet und das Bauelement erneut versetzt werden muss. Dies stellt eine enorme Zeitersparnis beim Einbau derartiger Bauelemente dar und erleichtert den Setzvorgang derartiger Bauelemente. Vorteilhafterweise ist eine Halterungsaufnahme auf der Vorderseitenfläche mittig im unteren Drittel einer L-Mauerscheibe angeordnet.In an advantageous embodiment, at least one permanent-magnetic or magnetizable and preferably recessed receiving region is provided in the front wall in which temporarily a einzugießende support receptacle, in particular a threaded sleeve, a component can be arranged, wherein preferably the receiving area is disposed at a position of the front wall, which corresponds to a center of gravity suspension mount or a center of gravity constellation of several support receptacles of the device. The component can be accommodated on the mounting receptacle by means of, for example, a screw-in hook, a lifting lug or a plug-in element and rotated in an aligned and stable position and / or held in this position. When attaching a transport loop, lifting eye or screw-in, it offers to relieve the threaded sleeve and the surrounding concrete material, first insert an adapter disc before screwing a fixing screw in a recess around the threaded sleeve, so that lateral forces are transmitted over the adapter screw over a large area on the concrete wall can. Optionally, such an adapter disc can be cast together with the threaded sleeve. In the case of a wall plate or an L-shaped component, this can be raised and transported by the center of gravity of the support receptacle or an ensemble of support receptacles that remains aligned due to the center of gravity of the aligned to the ground portion of the wall parallel to the ground or without effort Component be aligned in its spatial position. The component can therefore be placed flat on the floor. This is particularly advantageous if such walls or L-shaped components to be installed in a gravel foundation, as the gravel is not moved by asymmetric load. The fact that the bottom-side portion of the L-shape is aligned parallel to the ground, there is no punctiform or uneven placement on the gravel foundation. Accordingly, the gravel foundation is not uneven or irregularly deformed by the settling of the device. A flat placement of the wall plate or the L-shaped component is ensured without the gravel foundation has to be reworked and the component must be moved again. This represents a huge time savings in the installation of such devices and facilitates the setting process of such devices. Advantageously, a support receptacle on the front side surface is arranged centrally in the lower third of an L-walled glass.
Die Halterungsaufnahme kann bevorzugt eine Hülse mit einem Innengewinde und einen vergrößerten Ankerblock an einer Stirnseite der Hülse zur formschlüssigen Fixierung im Betonblock aufweisen, die in das Bauelement einbetoniert wird, und in der ein Einschraubhaken oder eine Lastöse mittels einer Schraube aufgenommen werden kann. Für einen Herstellvorgang kann zunächst in der Halterungsaufnahme ein Fixierelement eingesetzt werden, dass temporär in der Schalform angeordnet werden kann. So kann beispielsweise das Fixierelement einen Gewindebolzen und eine ferromagnetische Sockelscheibe aufweisen, wobei der Gewindebolzen in die Gewindehülse der Halterungsaufnahme eingeschraubt wird. Die Sockelscheibe kann beispielsweise als dünne Scheibe oder als Magnet ausgebildet sein. Die Sockelscheibe kann in einen vertieften Aufnahmebereich der Formwand eingesetzt werden, um eine lagerichtige Positionierung der Halterungsaufnahme zu gewährleisten, so dass die Halterungsaufnahme im Schwerpunkt des abgegossenen Betonproduktes angeordnet bleibt. Gleichwohl kann das Fixierelement auch frei an der Sockelwand positioniert werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist entweder das Fixierelement magnetisch, insbesondere die Sockelscheibe, oder in der Formwand ist im Aufnahmebereich ein Permanentmagnet oder ein Elektromagnet zur temporären Halterung der Halterungsaufnahme vorgesehen. Nach dem Abgießen des Betonelementes kann durch die Sockelscheibe im Bereich der Halterungsaufnahme ein bauteilseitiger Aufnahmebereich ausgebildet sein, der beispielsweise bei Nichtgebrauch des Halterungselements durch eine Kunststoffabdeckung überdeckt wird. Die Halterungsaufnahme kann nach Montage des Betonelements zur Befestigung von Konstruktionselementen beispielsweise einem Geländer, einer Halterung oder dergleichen weiterverwendet werden. Das Fixierelement kann einen Gewindebolzen mit einem möglichst dünn ausgebildeten Kopf als Sockelscheibe, beispielsweise einer angeschweißten oder sonst wie angebrachten Unterlegscheibe, umfassen, der in der Halterungsaufnahme aufgenommen wird. Das Fixierelement kann mehrmals zur Herstellung von Bauelementen wiederverwendet werden. Im Anschluss an das Abgießen und zumindest teilweise Aushärten des Betonproduktes kann das Fixierelement aus der Halterungsaufnahme entfernt werden, und es kann ein Einschraubhaken oder ein Einsteckelement in der Halterungsaufnahme befestigt werden, um das Betonelement in seiner Schwerpunktsaufhängung kraftsparend und frei lagedrehbar umsetzen zu könnenThe mounting receptacle may preferably have a sleeve with an internal thread and an enlarged anchor block on one end face of the sleeve for positive fixation in the concrete block, which is embedded in the structural element, and in which a screw-in hook or a load eye can be accommodated by means of a screw. For a manufacturing process, a fixing element can initially be used in the holder receptacle, which can be arranged temporarily in the form of a form. For example, the fixing element may comprise a threaded bolt and a ferromagnetic base disk, wherein the threaded bolt is screwed into the threaded sleeve of the holder receptacle. The base plate may be formed, for example, as a thin disk or as a magnet. The base plate can be used in a recessed receiving area of the mold wall to ensure a correct position positioning of the support receptacle, so that the support receptacle remains arranged in the center of gravity of the cast concrete product. Nevertheless, the fixing element can also be positioned freely on the base wall. Advantageously, either the fixing element is magnetic, in particular the base plate, or in the mold wall in the receiving area, a permanent magnet or an electromagnet for temporarily holding the holder receptacle is provided. After pouring off the concrete element, a component-side receiving region can be formed by the base plate in the region of the holder receptacle, which is covered by a plastic cover, for example, when the holding element is not in use. The mounting bracket can be used after mounting the concrete element for attachment of structural elements such as a railing, a bracket or the like. The fixing element may comprise a threaded bolt with a head as thin as possible as a base plate, for example a welded-on or otherwise attached washer, which is received in the holder receptacle. The fixing element can be reused several times for the production of components. Following the casting and at least partially curing of the concrete product, the fixing element can be removed from the mounting receptacle, and it can be a Einschraubh hook or a male fastened in the support receptacle to implement the concrete element in its center of gravity suspension force-saving and freely rotatable
Nach Einbau des Bauelements in ein Kiesfundament oder Ähnliches kann in dem Halterungsaufnahme ein Kunststoffeinsatz, ein Edelstahleinsatz oder Ähnliches eingeschraubt werden, um eine optisch ansprechende Verfüllung der Hülse zu schaffen, die dauerhaft dort angeordnet verbleibt. Für kompaktere und kleinere Mauerscheiben bzw. L-förmige Bauelemente kann lediglich ein derartiger Aufnahmebereich in dem vertikalen Bauelementabschnitt vorgesehen sein, da der Schwerpunkt im Bauelement liegt. Für größere und schlankere Bauelemente, bei denen der Schwerpunkt außerhalb des Bauelements angeordnet ist, können mehrere Halterungsaufnahmen in unterschiedlichen Bauteilabschnitten und Lagen vorgesehen sein. Eine Schwerpunktsaufhängung kann dann derart erreicht werden, dass alle Aufnahmebereiche mit Hebemitteln z.B. einer Kette oder Stahlseil verbunden werden und die Hebemittel miteinander verbunden und angehoben werden, so dass sich ein Schwerpunkt außerhalb des Betonproduktes ausbildet. Dadurch, dass die Halterungsaufnahme jedes Betonproduktes an einer identischen Position in der Schalform vorgesehen ist, können alle Betonprodukte identisch, d. h. mit einer identischen Position der Halterungsaufnahme, hergestellt werden. So können die Bauelemente im eingebauten Zustand nebeneinander auch mit einer Sichtfläche mit der Halterungsaufnahme verbleiben, da die Halterungsaufnahmen bei allen Bauelementen an der gleichen Position angeordnet sind und somit ein einheitliches Bild entsteht. Weitere Halterungsaufnahmen können z.B. für konstruktive Zwecke an beliebigen anderen Stellen des Bauelements, z.B. an der Vorder- oder Rückwand aber auch an Seitenwänden nach dem gleichen Prinzip eingebracht werden, um beispielsweise Geländer oder Verbindungselemente für andere Baukörper daran anschließen zu können.After installation of the device in a gravel foundation or the like, a plastic insert, a stainless steel insert or the like can be screwed into the holder receptacle in order to create a visually appealing filling of the sleeve, which remains permanently arranged there. For more compact and smaller wall slices or L-shaped components, only such a receiving area can be provided in the vertical component section, since the center of gravity lies in the component. For larger and slimmer components in which the center of gravity is arranged outside the component, a plurality of holder receptacles can be provided in different component sections and layers. A center of gravity suspension can then be achieved in such a way that all reception areas are connected to lifting means, for example a chain or steel cable, and the lifting means are connected and raised with each other so that a center of gravity is formed outside the concrete product. Characterized in that the support receptacle of each concrete product is provided at an identical position in the formwork, all concrete products can be identical, ie manufactured with an identical position of the support receptacle become. Thus, the components in the installed state next to each other also remain with a visible surface with the support receptacle, since the support receptacles are arranged at all components at the same position and thus creates a uniform image. Other mounting receptacles can be introduced, for example, for structural purposes at any other points of the device, for example on the front or rear wall but also on side walls according to the same principle, for example, to be able to connect railing or fasteners for other building.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind zumindest eine Vorderwand des Formgrundkörpers und mindestens eine benachbarte Seitenwand und/oder mindestens eine Rückwand und mindestens eine benachbarte Seitenwand jeweils rechtwinklig zueinander ausgebildet. Bevorzugt sind alle Seitenwände zu allen Rückwänden sowie zu allen Vorderwänden rechtwinklig ausgeführt, sodass die Vorderwände zu den Rückwänden der Schalform parallel verlaufen. Durch die Ausgestaltung der Schalform mit mindestens einer verfahrbaren Seitenwand ist eine Entschalkonizität nicht mehr notwendig. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von Bauelementen mit schalungsglatten Oberflächen, ohne dass eine konische Anordnung der Schalplatten zueinander notwendig ist. Das Bauelement kann demnach eine zu allen Oberflächen rechtswinklige Geometrie aufweisen. Das Ablösen der Schalung vom Bauelement stellt durch das Verfahren von mindestens einer Seitenwand kein Problem dar.In an advantageous embodiment, at least one front wall of the mold base body and at least one adjacent side wall and / or at least one rear wall and at least one adjacent side wall are each formed at right angles to each other. Preferably, all side walls to all rear walls and to all front walls are executed at right angles, so that the front walls are parallel to the rear walls of the formwork. Due to the configuration of the formwork with at least one movable side wall a Demoulding is no longer necessary. This allows the production of components with smooth-surfaced surfaces, without a conical arrangement of the shuttering plates is necessary to each other. The component can therefore have a right angle to all surfaces geometry. The detachment of the formwork from the component is not a problem by the method of at least one side wall.
Weiterhin offenbart die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Befüllen und Ausschalen einer Schalform. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass nach dem Befüllen der mindestens einen Bauelementkammer in einer Befüllposition mit einer horizontal nach oben geöffneten Befüllseite, die Schalform in der Befüllposition verbleibt, bis das Füllmaterial, bevorzugt der Beton, zumindest bereichsweise abgebunden ist und mindestens eine Seitenwand zum Ausschalen durch eine Öffnungsbewegung der Rückwand, bevorzugt durch ein Schwenken um einen Winkel α oder ein Kippen, verfahren wird. Somit kann der Druck zwischen dem zumindest bereichsweise abgebundenen Befüllmaterials und der Seitenwand verringert werden. Da dies vor dem kompletten Ausschalen der Schalform erfolgt, kann ein Bauelement mit definierten Kanten und/oder Fasen hergestellt werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Füllmaterial beim Verfahren der mindestens einen Seitenwand vollkommen abgebunden und zumindest teilweise erhärtet, sodass das Bauelement nach dem Verfahren einer Seitenwand nicht mehr plastifiziert und somit die Gestalt nicht mehr ändert. Durch das Verschwenken bzw. Verfahren der Rückwand können die Bauelemente mit Vakuumanlagen seitlich aus der Schalform herausgefahren und anschließend umgedreht und auf einem Untergrund abgelegt werden.Furthermore, the invention discloses a method for filling and stripping a formwork. It is proposed that after filling the at least one component chamber in a filling position with a horizontally upwardly open filling side, the form remains in the filling position until the filling material, preferably the concrete, at least partially bonded and at least one side wall for stripping by a Opening movement of the rear wall, preferably by pivoting by an angle α or tilting, is moved. Thus, the pressure between the at least partially bonded filling material and the side wall can be reduced. Since this is done before the complete stripping of the formwork, a device with defined edges and / or bevels can be produced. Advantageously, when the at least one side wall is moved, the filling material is completely set and at least partially hardened, so that the component no longer plasticises according to the method of a side wall and thus does not change its shape. By pivoting or moving the rear wall, the components can be moved out laterally with vacuum systems from the formwork and then turned over and placed on a substrate.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens erfolgt nach einem zumindest bereichsweisen Abbinden des Füllmaterials nach maximal 8 bis 12 Stunden, insbesondere weniger als 8 bis 12 Stunden, bevorzugt 5 Stunden ein Verschwenken der Schalform in eine Entschalungsposition, so dass die Befüllseite nach unten ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch kann in dieser Entschalungsposition die Schalform nach oben weggefahren werden, so dass die Bauelemente auf dem Untergrund verbleiben. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Füllmaterial beim Verschwenken der Schalform vollkommen abgebunden und zumindest teilweise erhärtet, sodass das Bauelement seine Selbsttragfähigkeit erreicht hat und nach dem Verschwenken in eine Entschalungsposition nicht mehr plastifiziert und somit die Gestalt nicht mehr ändert. Vorteilhafterweise rotiert die Schalung mit den Bauelementen um 180° und um die Massenschwerpunktsachse. Dies ist besonders dann von Vorteil, wenn es sich bei den Bauelementen um abgewinkelte Mauerscheiben, sogenannte L-Steine, oder um Lichtschächte, sogenannte U-Steine, handelt, da diese nach der Rotation um 180° bereits in einer stabilen Position auf dem Untergrund aufliegen. Das Drehen in die Entschalungsposition erfolgt durch das Eigengewicht, sodass extern aufgebrachte Kräfte zum Drehen der Schalform so gering wie möglich gehalten werden können. Anschließend können alle Bauelemente, falls es sich um eine Batterieschalung mit mehreren Bauelementen handelt, parallel ausgeschalt werden. Somit ist es nicht wie im Stand der Technik notwendig, einzelne Bauelemente mit einem Vakuumsauger oder Ähnlichem manuell aus der Schalung auszuheben und zum Abstellen auf einer Palette oder Ähnlichem zu drehen. Damit das Bauelement nicht während des Rotierens der Schalung bzw. direkt beim Erreichen der Entschalposition aus der Schalung herausfällt, kann an der Oberkante der Rückwand zumindest bereichsweise ein Überstand in Form einer überstehenden Kante oder Vorsprung angebracht werden, so dass bei geschlossener Rückwand das Bauelement gestützt und in der Schalung formschlüssig gehalten wird. Erst durch Verschwenken bzw. Auslenken der Rückwand nach Absetzen der Schalform in der Entschalposition wird das Bauelement durch Öffnen der Rück- und Seitenwand freigelegt und die Schalform kann nach oben verfahren werden. Das Bauelement verbleibt auf dem Untergrund in der abgestellten Position, beispielsweise konfektionietfertig auf einer Transportpalette.In an advantageous embodiment of the method takes place after at least partially setting the filler after a maximum of 8 to 12 hours, in particular less than 8 to 12 hours, preferably 5 hours pivoting of the form into a form Demoulding position, so that the filling side is oriented downwards. As a result, the formwork can be moved upwards in this demoulding position, so that the components remain on the ground. Advantageously, the filling material is completely set and at least partially hardened when pivoting the formwork, so that the component has reached its self-bearing capacity and no longer plasticized after pivoting in a Entschalungsposition and thus does not change the shape. Advantageously, the formwork rotates with the components by 180 ° and about the center of gravity axis. This is particularly advantageous when it comes to the components to angled walls, so-called L-stones, or light wells, so-called U-stones, as they rest after rotation by 180 ° already in a stable position on the ground , The turning into the dismantling position is carried out by its own weight, so that externally applied forces for rotating the formwork can be kept as low as possible. Subsequently, all components, if it is a battery mold with multiple components, be switched off in parallel. Thus, it is not necessary, as in the prior art, to manually lift individual components out of the formwork with a vacuum suction device or the like and to rotate them for placement on a pallet or the like. Thus, the component does not fall out of the formwork during rotation of the formwork or directly upon reaching the Entschalposition, at least partially a supernatant in the form of a protruding edge or projection can be attached to the upper edge of the rear wall, so that when the rear wall is closed, the component and is held in a form-fitting manner in the formwork. Only by pivoting or deflecting the rear wall after discontinuation of the formwork in the Entschalposition the component is exposed by opening the rear and side wall and the formwork can be moved upwards. The component remains on the ground in the parked position, for example ready for assembly on a transport pallet.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird in der Entschalungsposition nach Aufsetzen der Schalform auf einem Untergrund die Rückwand vom Bauelement öffnend wegbewegt, insbesondere verschwenkt wird. Hierzu kann ein zuvor beschriebener Entriegler eingesetzt werden, der beim Absetzen der umgedrehten Schalform einen Kontakt mit dem Untergrund herstellt, und die Rück- und Seitenwände freigibt. Hierbei aktiviert der mindestens eine Steuerhebel die Abstellermechanik, wobei mindestens eine Seitenwand vom Bauelement wegbewegt wird und anschließend die Schalform zur Entschalung nach oben weggefahren wird. Der Prozess des Entriegelns sowie des Verfahrens der Rückwand und der mindestens einen Seitenwand kann somit automatisch durchgeführt werden. Ebenso wird die Rückwand somit zeitgleich von den mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Bauelementkammern wegbewegt. Durch Verschenken der Rückwand werden über die Steuerhebel, die in die Abstellermechanik eingreifen, die Seitenwände bewegt. Die Rückwand kann schwenkbar an der Basiskonstruktion der Schalform angelenkt sein, und mittels zumindest einem querlaufenden Führungsstab an den die Seitenwände tragenden Begrenzungsholm verriegelt werden. Hierzu kann der Führungsstab Keilelemente aufweisen, die in Klauen oder Verriegelungshaken des Begrenzungsholms eingreifen kann. Durch eine längsaxial Verschiebung des Führungsstabs kann die Rückwand entriegelt und verschwenkt werden. Die Verriegelungshaken können nachjustierbar sein, um bei Verschleiß ein sicheres Öffnen und Schließen der Rückwand zu gewährleisten.In an advantageous embodiment of the method, the rear wall is moved away from the component opening in the delamination position after placing the formwork on a substrate, in particular is pivoted. For this purpose, a previously described Entriegler can be used, which establishes contact with the ground upon discontinuation of the inverted formwork, and releases the rear and side walls. Here, the at least one control lever activates the Abstellermechanik, wherein at least one side wall is moved away from the component and then the formwork for dismantling is moved upwards. The process of unlocking and the method of the rear wall and the at least one side wall can thus be carried out automatically. Likewise, the rear wall is thus simultaneously moved away from the plurality of component chambers arranged next to one another. By giving away the back wall, the control lever, which engage in the Abstellermechanik, the side walls moves. The rear wall may be pivotally hinged to the base structure of the formwork and locked by means of at least one transverse guide bar on the side walls supporting boundary spar. For this purpose, the guide rod may have wedge elements which can engage in claws or locking hooks of the limiting spar. By a longitudinal axial displacement of the guide rod, the rear wall can be unlocked and pivoted. The locking hooks can be readjusted to ensure safe opening and closing of the rear wall in case of wear.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird das mindestens eine Bauelement in der Entschalungsposition auf ein Transportvlies, bevorzugt einen Förderteppich mit Förderbürsten, abgelegt, wobei das mindestens eine Bauelement durch das Transportvlies entgegen des Formgrundkörpers wegbewegt wird. Ein Transportvlies umfasst eine Vielzahl von abgewinkelten Vlieshalmen, wobei eine auf das Vlies abgestellte Last durch ein Abwinkeln der Halme einen gewissen Weg in Abwinkelrichtung transportiert wird. Ein frisch ausgeschaltes Bauelement wird, abgestellt auf das Transportvlies, einen Transportweg in Vlieswinkelrichtung weg von einer Schalwand transportiert. Somit kann der Anpressdruck auf der letzten verbleibenden Fläche zwischen Bauelement und Schalung, d. h. zwischen der Vorderwand des Formgrundkörpers und des Bauelements, genommen werden. So können beispielsweise die sogenannten schwarzen Flecken auf der Betonoberfläche vermieden werden. Bei einer Schalform mit zwei gegenüberliegenden, gespiegelt angeordneten Bauelementkammern werden die Bauelemente, bevorzugt die angewinkelten Mauerscheinen bzw. L-Steine, gegeneinander wegbewegt. Hierbei können auf dem Untergrund Förderteppiche mit Förderbürsten mit 70° geneigten Bürsten eingesetzt werden. Die geneigten Förderbürsten sind vom Formgrundkörper wegwärts orientiert angeordnet, sodass die Bauelemente beim Abstellen auf diese Förderbüsten entgegen des Formgrundkörpers bewegt werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the method, the at least one component is deposited in the removal position on a transport fleece, preferably a conveyor carpet with conveying brushes, wherein the at least one component is moved away by the transport fleece against the mold base body. A transport fleece comprises a multiplicity of angled fleece stems, wherein a load placed on the fleece is transported by angling of the stalks a certain distance in the angling direction. A freshly turned off component, parked on the transport fleece, transports a transport path in non-woven angle direction away from a shuttering wall. Thus, the contact pressure on the last remaining surface between the component and formwork, d. H. between the front wall of the mold base body and the component. For example, the so-called black spots on the concrete surface can be avoided. In a formwork with two opposite mirrored arranged component chambers, the components, preferably the angled wall sheets or L-stones, moved away from each other. Here, on the substrate conveyor tapes with conveyor brushes with 70 ° inclined brushes can be used. The inclined conveyor brushes are arranged away from the mold body oriented away, so that the components are moved against the mold base body when parked on these conveyor busts.
Eine derartige Schalung kann in einer Fertigungsstraße eingesetzt werden, wobei parallel unterschiedliche Schalungen zur Herstellung unterschiedlicher Bauteilgeometrien eingesetzt werden können. Beim Einsatz von Batterieschalungen mit mindestens 6 Bauelementkammern können auf einer Trasse die Bauelemente mit gängigen Abmessungen und großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden, und parallel Sonderbauteilformen gefertigt werden. Nach dem Betonieren können die Schalungen in einem mit Umluft beheizten Hochregallager gelagert werden. Ebenso können die Bauteile nach weniger als 8 Stunden, insbesondere nach 5 Stunden in einer Teilaushärtephase bereits ausgeschalt und ohne die Schalungen in diesem Hochregallager gelagert werden. Da die Entschalung ohne mechanische Beanspruchung der Bauelemente stattfindet, ist eine frühe Entschalung möglich, so dass die Fertigungskapazität erhöht werden kann. Die Restaushärtung kann im Hochregallager erfolgen, wobei nach zumindest 24 Stunden eine Vollaustrocknung erreicht werden kann.Such a formwork can be used in a production line, wherein parallel different formworks for producing different component geometries can be used. When using battery molds with at least 6 component chambers, the components with conventional dimensions and large numbers can be produced on a route, and parallel special component forms can be manufactured. After concreting, the formwork can be stored in a convection-heated high-bay warehouse. Likewise, the components can already be switched off after less than 8 hours, in particular after 5 hours in a Teilaushärtephase and stored without the formwork in this high-bay warehouse. Since the demoulding takes place without mechanical stress on the components, early demoulding is possible, so that the production capacity can be increased. The residual curing can be carried out in the high-bay warehouse, which can be achieved after at least 24 hours, a full drying.
Eine derartige automatisierte Fertigungsstraße kann zwei oder mehrere Schalformvorbereitungsstraßen umfassen, in denen die Schalform gereinigt, gewartet und bewehrt wird. In der Bewehrung kann ein Armierstahl in die Schalform eingebracht werden, die die innere Stahlkonstruktion des Bauelements definiert. Hierbei können die temporär befestigbaren Halterungsaufnahmen in der Schalform angeordnet werden. Nach einem Transfer zur Betonabfüllanlage wird die Schalform befüllt, hiernach verdichtet und in sogenannten Härtplätzen zur Teilaushärtung verbracht. Dort kann diese für eine Teilhärtezeit von 5 oder mehr Stunden verbleiben, bis die Oberfläche der Bauelemente derart ausgehärtet ist, dass eine Entschalung möglich ist. Eine Entschalung erfolgt durch eine 180° Drehung entlang der Längsachse der Schalform, und einem Absetzen der Bauelemente durch ihr Produkteigengewicht auf einer Palette oder einer Entschalungsplatte. Hierdurch sind die mehreren parallel hergestellte Bauelemente auf einer Platte angeordnet. Diese können in einem vorzugsweise beheizten Hochregallager bis zur Endaushärtung von 24 Stunden oder mehr gelagert und anschließend für eine Auslieferung konfektioniert. Die Schalform wird einer Reinigung zugeführt.Such an automated production line may include two or more formwork preparation lines in which the formwork is cleaned, maintained and reinforced. In the reinforcement, a reinforcing steel can be introduced into the formwork, which defines the internal steel construction of the component. In this case, the temporarily mountable mounting receptacles can be arranged in the form of a formwork. After a transfer to the concrete filling plant, the formwork is filled, thereafter compacted and spent in hardening stations for partial hardening. There it can remain for a part hardening time of 5 or more hours until the surface of the components has hardened in such a way that it is possible to dismantle it. A shuttering is done by a 180 ° rotation along the longitudinal axis of the formwork, and settling of the components by their own weight on a pallet or a demoulding plate. As a result, the plurality of parallel components are arranged on a plate. These can be stored in a preferably heated high-bay warehouse until the final curing of 24 hours or more and then assembled for delivery. The formwork is fed to a cleaning.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der vorliegenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnungen, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages result from the present description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalform mit zwölf Bauelementkammern, welche nebeneinander und gespiegelt gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind;
- Fig. 2:
- einen Begrenzungsholm einer Schalform nach
Fig. 1 mit Abstellermechanik; - Fig. 3:
- einen Querschnitt einer Schalform nach
Fig. 1 in einer Befüllposition; - Fig. 4:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Schalform nach
Fig. 1 in einer Entschalungsposition; - Fig. 5:
- eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalform mit zwölf nebeneinander und gespiegelt gegenüberliegend angeordneten Bauelementkammern;
- Fig. 6:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Schalform nach
Fig. 5 in einer Befüllposition; - Fig. 7:
- eine weitere, perspektivisch dargestellte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalform für kleinformatige abgewinkelte Mauerscheiben dargestellt mit geöffneten Rückwänden;
- Fig. 8:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Schalform nach
Fig. 7 ; - Fig. 9:
- eine weitere, perspektivisch dargestellte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalform für großformatige abgewinkelte Mauerscheiben, dargestellt mit leicht geöffneter Rückwand;
- Fig. 10:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Schalform nach
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 11:
- eine Seitenansicht in Längsrichtung einer Schalform nach
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 12:
- einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht einer Schalform nach
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 13:
- einen vertikalen Abschnitt einer Ausführungsform eines Begrenzungsholms in einer Frontansicht;
- Fig. 14:
- eine Ansicht des Begrenzungsholms aus
Fig. 13 ; - Fig. 15:
- eine Ausführungsform eines Steuerhebels;
- Fig. 16:
- eine weitere Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Steuerhebels nach
Fig. 15 ; - Fig. 17:
- einen Seitendarstellung eines Steuerhebels nach
Fig. 15 und Fig. 16 ; - Fig. 18:
- einen Detailausschnitt aus
Fig. 10 mit kompletter Darstellung des Entrieglers; - Fig. 19:
- eine weitere, perspektivisch dargestellte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalform mit vier Bauelementkammern und einer Haken -Keil Verriegelung der Rückwand;
- Fig. 20:
- eine perspektivische Detailansicht aus
Fig. 19 der Haken-Keil-Verriegelung; - Fig. 21:
- eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung der Ausführungsform aus
Fig. 19 mit Darstellung der Haken-Keil-Verriegelung; - Fig. 22:
- eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine Halterungsaufnahme eines Bauelements zur Schwerpunktlagerung des Bauelements
- Fig. 1:
- a perspective view of an embodiment of a form of the invention with twelve component chambers, which are arranged side by side and mirrored opposite;
- Fig. 2:
- a boundary spar of a formwork after
Fig. 1 with storage mechanism; - 3:
- a cross section of a form after
Fig. 1 in a filling position; - 4:
- a cross section through a form after
Fig. 1 in a decoating position; - Fig. 5:
- a perspective view of another embodiment of a mold according to the invention with twelve side by side and mirrored opposite arranged component chambers;
- Fig. 6:
- a cross section through a form after
Fig. 5 in a filling position; - Fig. 7:
- a further embodiment shown in perspective form of a form of the invention for small-sized angled wall panels shown with open rear walls;
- Fig. 8:
- a cross section through a form after
Fig. 7 ; - Fig. 9:
- a further perspective embodiment of a formwork according to the invention for large-sized angled wall panels, shown with slightly open rear wall;
- Fig. 10:
- a cross section through a form after
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 11:
- a side view in the longitudinal direction of a form after
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 12:
- a section of a plan view of a form after
Fig. 9 ; - Fig. 13:
- a vertical portion of an embodiment of a limiting spar in a front view;
- Fig. 14:
- a view of the limiter
Fig. 13 ; - Fig. 15:
- an embodiment of a control lever;
- Fig. 16:
- a further view of an embodiment of a control lever according to
Fig. 15 ; - Fig. 17:
- a page representation of a control lever after
FIGS. 15 and 16 ; - Fig. 18:
- a detail from
Fig. 10 with complete representation of the Entrieglers; - Fig. 19:
- a further perspective embodiment of a form of the invention with four component chambers and a hook -Keil locking the rear wall;
- Fig. 20:
- a perspective detail view
Fig. 19 the hook-wedge lock; - Fig. 21:
- a perspective sectional view of the embodiment
Fig. 19 with representation of the hook wedge lock; - Fig. 22:
- a sectional view through a support receptacle of a component for gravity storage of the device
In
Eine Darstellung der Schalform 10 nach
In
Einen zugehörigen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf diese Ausführungsform der Schalform 10 nach
In
In
In
In den
In der
In
- 1010
- Schalformscarf shape
- 1212
- Bauelementmodule
- 1414
- BetonbauelementStructural concrete member
- 1616
- Bauelementkammercomponent chamber
- 1818
- Kanteedge
- 2020
- Fasechamfer
- 2222
- Füllmaterialfilling material
- 2424
- Betonconcrete
- 2626
- FormgrundkörperForm body
- 2828
- Vorderwand des FormgrundkörpersFront wall of the mold body
- 3030
- horizontaler Wandabschnitt der Vorderwandhorizontal wall section of the front wall
- 3232
- vertikaler Wandabschnitt der Vorderwandvertical wall section of the front wall
- 3434
- Geneigter Abschnitt des FormgrundkörpersInclined portion of the mold base
- 3636
- Rückwandrear wall
- 3838
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 4040
- AbschnittsseitenwandSection sidewall
- 4242
- AbschnittsrückwandSection rear wall
- 4444
- Steuerhebelcontrol lever
- 4646
- EntrieglerExtraction tool
- 4848
- stabförmiger Grundkörperrod-shaped body
- 5050
- Unterseite des EntrieglersBottom of the Entrieglers
- 5252
- Oberseite des EntrieglersTop of the Entrieglers
- 5454
- Endbereiche des EntrieglersEnd areas of the Entrieglers
- 5656
- Entriegelungsabschnitt des EntrieglersEntriegelungsabschnitt the Entrieglers
- 5858
- Überstand/VorsprungSupernatant / lead
- 6060
- Verriegelungsabschnitt des EntrieglersLocking section of the Entrieglers
- 6262
- Nasenose
- 6464
- Begrenzungsholmlimiting bar
- 6666
- Absteller/ AbstellermechanikAbsteller / Abstellermechanik
- 6868
- Kern des AbstellersCore of the depositor
- 7070
- Führungselemente für SteuerhebelGuide elements for control levers
- 7272
- Führungsbleche des AbstellersGuide plates of the store
- 7474
- LanglochLong hole
- 7676
- Führungselemente der FührungsblecheGuide elements of the guide plates
- 7878
- Dichtungsabschnitt des SteuerhebelsSealing portion of the control lever
- 8080
- Steuerungsabschnitt des SteuerhebelsControl section of the control lever
- 8282
- Untergrundunderground
- 8484
- Befüllpositionfilling
- 8686
- Befüllseitefilling side
- 8888
- EntschalungspositionEntschalungsposition
- 9090
- Transportvliestransport fleece
- 9292
- Förderteppichconveyor carpet
- 9494
- Förderbürstenconveyor brushes
- 9696
- Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
- 9898
- Hakenhook
- 100100
- Keilwedge
- 102102
- FührungsstabCorporate Office
- 104104
- Halterungsaufnahmebracket jig
- 106106
- Gewindehülsethreaded sleeve
- 108108
- Magnetmagnet
- 110110
- Ankerblockanchor block
- 112112
- Aufnahmebereichreception area
- 114114
- Fixierelementfixing
- 116116
- Gewindebolzenthreaded bolt
- 118118
- Ferromagnetische SockelscheibeFerromagnetic base plate
- 120120
- Vertiefungsbereich des BetonelementsRecess area of the concrete element
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL16182990T PL3147094T3 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-08-05 | Formwork mould for wall panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015113077.7A DE102015113077B4 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2015-08-07 | Formwork form for a building element and method for stripping |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3147094A2 true EP3147094A2 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
EP3147094A3 EP3147094A3 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
EP3147094B1 EP3147094B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
Family
ID=56683751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16182990.8A Active EP3147094B1 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2016-08-05 | Formwork mould for wall panel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3147094B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015113077B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3147094T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3147094T3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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CN107088956A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-08-25 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | A kind of Combined cylindrical body test specimen makes mould |
CN108005391A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 山东大学 | Tamping equipment built in new form concrete |
US20210008759A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-01-14 | Progress Holding A.G. | Formwork assembly |
CN114474304A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | Pouring equipment for large-scale circular arc porous thin-wall plain concrete structure |
EP4006266A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-01 | Georg Weidner | Holding devices for transport anchors and transport anchors |
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CN114178765B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-02-06 | 山东华中重钢有限公司 | Automatic H-shaped steel assembling machine |
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CN116394380B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-08-22 | 山西二建集团有限公司 | Prefabricated formwork of steel structure for building |
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DD68847A1 (en) | 1968-06-24 | 1969-09-05 | Ingolf Kotte | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FINISHED PARTS, ESPECIALLY OF PREPARED PARTS |
DE2259522A1 (en) | 1971-12-06 | 1973-06-14 | Const Edmond Coignet Paris | PLANT FOR CASTING COMPONENTS |
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DE102007006907B4 (en) | 2007-02-13 | 2008-11-27 | Peri Gmbh | Frame formwork systems for the formation of corners and T-junctions using frame scarf elements with centrally aligned anchor holes |
DE102007019383B4 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2009-01-08 | Ratec Maschinenentwicklungs- Und Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Battery mold for the vertical production of flat precast concrete elements |
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DE102013204999A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Harsco Infrastructure Services Gmbh | Shuttering panel for wall formwork of concrete building, has supporting elements that are provided with L-shaped open profile portions and closed hollow profile portions |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107088956A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-08-25 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | A kind of Combined cylindrical body test specimen makes mould |
CN108005391A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 山东大学 | Tamping equipment built in new form concrete |
US20210008759A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-01-14 | Progress Holding A.G. | Formwork assembly |
EP4006266A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-01 | Georg Weidner | Holding devices for transport anchors and transport anchors |
CN114474304A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | Pouring equipment for large-scale circular arc porous thin-wall plain concrete structure |
CN114474304B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-07-21 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | Pouring equipment of large-scale circular arc porous thin-wall plain concrete structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3147094A3 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
DE102015113077B4 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
DE102015113077A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
PL3147094T3 (en) | 2021-09-20 |
DK3147094T3 (en) | 2021-08-30 |
EP3147094B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
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