EP3139701B1 - Material sheet and heating element - Google Patents

Material sheet and heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3139701B1
EP3139701B1 EP16184149.9A EP16184149A EP3139701B1 EP 3139701 B1 EP3139701 B1 EP 3139701B1 EP 16184149 A EP16184149 A EP 16184149A EP 3139701 B1 EP3139701 B1 EP 3139701B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
conductive layer
electrodes
material sheet
separating strip
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16184149.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3139701A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Grosspietsch
Rembert Schulze Wehnick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KL Kaschier und Laminier GmbH
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KL Kaschier und Laminier GmbH
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Publication of EP3139701A1 publication Critical patent/EP3139701A1/en
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Publication of EP3139701B1 publication Critical patent/EP3139701B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a material web composed of a conductive layer and at least one cover layer with a separating strip in between, a heating element, and a method for producing the heating element especially for use in a motor vehicle.
  • WO 2012/104826 A1 and RU 2 403 686 C1 describe electrodes that are sewn with insulating material.
  • WO 98/09478 A1 describes electrodes that are sewn with several layers at once, so that the conductive suture material is arranged on the surface.
  • Heating foils are out, for example EP 2 000 005 B1 known.
  • Conductive layers are made of, for example DE 10 2005 026 031 A1 known.
  • EP 2 736 304 A1 describes a heating fabric.
  • EP 2 208 461 A1 describes a method for producing a bioelectrode.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a technology with which, for example, heating foils for seats and armrests in vehicles can be produced as simply as possible.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved in a first embodiment by a material web composed of a plurality of material layers which have at least one layer which is conductive for electrical current and at least one cover layer, at least one separating strip between the at least one cover layer and the at least one conductive layer perpendicular to the The longitudinal direction of the material web is arranged, characterized in that this separating strip has an anti-stick coating at least on the surface facing the conductive layer.
  • the preliminary product can be produced as roll goods, for example for a seat heater or a heater for an armrest.
  • the separating strip allows the material web to be easily opened in the area of the separating strip after the material web has been severed. Subsequent exposure of the conductive layer and possibly with laminated electrodes is thus possible, for example to enable subsequent contacting.
  • Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the material web in the sense of the invention also includes angles in a range from 80 ° to 100 °.
  • the conductive layer is preferably an electrically conductive polymer film and / or woven carbon fibers.
  • the conductive layer preferably comprises a carrier material, in particular a plastic or a binder and electrically conductive pigments distributed in the carrier material, characterized in that the electrically conductive pigments have a wide size distribution and / or different shapes.
  • the carrier material preferably has polyurethane, polyacrylate, polycarbonate or mixtures thereof.
  • the electrically conductive pigments are preferably finely dispersed within the carrier material.
  • the electrically conductive pigments are preferably carbon-based.
  • the surface resistance of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1 k ⁇ / m 2 .
  • the specific resistance of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 3 to 300 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the weight per unit area of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 80 to 200 g / m 2 . Above this range, the layer can be brittle. Below this range, it is often difficult to process.
  • the electrically conductive layer can have metallic and / or non-metallic conductive pigments.
  • the electrically conductive layer predominantly has non-metallic conductive pigments. This configuration enables a particularly flexible contacting system to be achieved.
  • the electrically conductive layer can have a specific resistance in a range from 0.01 to 10 ⁇ cm. A specific resistance of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ cm is preferred.
  • the carbon is preferably present within a polymer matrix.
  • the material of the polymer matrix is preferably polyurethane.
  • the cover layer is preferably electrically insulating.
  • the cover layer is preferably a layer of film, woven material or fleece, very particularly preferably polyurethane films or needle punch.
  • the material of the cover layer is preferably thermoplastic, particularly preferably selected from polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene and / or polyethylene.
  • the cover layer preferably has a thickness in a range from 0.01 to 2 mm.
  • a carrier layer is preferably arranged in the material web and / or the heating element on the other side of the conductive layer.
  • This carrier layer is preferably electrically insulating.
  • the carrier layer is preferably a layer of film, woven material or nonwoven, very particularly preferably needlewoven.
  • the material of the carrier layer is preferably thermoplastic, particularly preferably selected from polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene and / or polyethylene.
  • the backing layer preferably has a thickness in a range from 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the cover layer and / or, independently thereof, the carrier layer have a basis weight in a range from 25 to 120 g / m 2 . Below this range, the fleece is no longer so easy to process. In addition, it may no longer function as an electrical insulator. If the thickness is higher, it can happen that the material web can no longer be processed with a calender.
  • the material web preferably has at least two electrodes between the cover layer and the conductive layer.
  • the electrodes can be, for example, metal wires, metal strands, braided metal strands, metal strips or electrode strips.
  • the electrodes in particular electrode bands or conductive bands, are preferably sewn to contact cables and in particular to strands of contact cables.
  • the electrodes preferably comprise or are electrode strips to which contact cables are very particularly preferably connected.
  • the electrode strips are preferably a woven composite of one or more metal strands, metal wires or braided metal strands or braided metal wires and fibers or yarns or twists
  • the material web and / or the heating element preferably have at least two electrically conductive electrode strips.
  • the electrode strips are preferably arranged in the material web between the cover layer and the electrically conductive layer.
  • the electrode strips preferably extend in the direction of the material web.
  • the electrode strips preferably contain metal threads.
  • the metal of these metal threads is preferably selected from copper, tinned copper, silver-plated copper, silver, gold or mixtures thereof.
  • the electrode strips preferably have a width in a range from 0.3 to 5 cm.
  • the electrode strips preferably have a thickness in a range from 0.05 to 1 mm.
  • the electrode strips preferably have a length that corresponds at least to the length of the material web and / or the heating element.
  • the electrode strips particularly preferably have silver-plated copper strands woven into textile.
  • the distance of the electrodes or electrode strips from the edge of the material web and / or the heating element is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 20 cm.
  • the distance between at least two electrodes or electrode strips is preferably in a range from 50 to 90% of the width of the material web and / or the heating element.
  • At least one electrode band is preferably connected to a contact cable.
  • the contact cable preferably has strands.
  • the strands are preferably connected to the at least one electrode band, very particularly preferably sewn.
  • the strands in the heating element according to the invention are very particularly preferably arranged between the electrode tape and the cover layer and / or the adhesive strip.
  • the strands are preferably sewn to the conductive layer through the electrode band. It has been found that particularly low contact resistances and particularly high strain relief can be achieved as a result.
  • the electrodes in the heating element according to the invention are preferably sewn to the strands only in a range of 1 to 20 cm 2 .
  • the electrodes or electrode strips are preferably sewn to the conductive layer in the area of the strands of the at least one contact cable.
  • the strands are preferably arranged between the electrodes and the cover layer.
  • the electrodes or electrode strips are preferred at a constant distance from each other. As a result, the heating output remains constant.
  • the metal of the strands is preferably selected from copper, tinned copper, silver-plated copper, silver, gold or mixtures thereof.
  • the suture material is preferably made of metal or metallized polymer.
  • the suture material of silver-plated or copper-plated polyamide thread is very particularly preferred.
  • the fiber weight of the suture is preferably in the range of 100 to 400 dtex. It has been found that, outside of this range, the electrical resistance of the contact between the contact cables or their strands and the electrodes surprisingly deteriorated.
  • the seam pattern is preferably a zigzag pattern with intermediate stitches.
  • the contact cables are preferably insulated.
  • the insulation is preferably removed at the end of the contact cable.
  • the insulation is particularly preferably removed in a range from 0.5 to 5 cm.
  • the strands of the contact cable are, for example, bare.
  • the strands at the end of the contact cable are preferably distributed over the entire width of the electrode or the electrode strip.
  • the contact cable in the heating element according to the invention is preferably sewn to the electrode strip and the conductive layer at the end of the electrode strip.
  • the insulation of the contact cable extends into the heating element over a length in a range of 1 to 10 mm. In this way, unwanted electrical contact outside the heating element can be avoided particularly well.
  • the electrodes or electrode strips are preferably connected to a contact cable on the same side of the heating element.
  • the separating strip can preferably be a double-sided adhesive strip, this adhesive strip having an adhesive layer and a protective film on the side facing the conductive layer.
  • the surface with the anti-stick coating of the separating strip can be a siliconized surface or a surface coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the adhesive strip can be a double-sided adhesive strip which has a protective film on the side facing the conductive layer.
  • This protective film can be siliconized paper, for example.
  • the protective film can be made of siliconized paper, PE film or PTFE film, for example.
  • the double-sided adhesive strip is preferably glued to the inside of the cover layer; a protective film has preferably not been removed, so that during the subsequent lamination of the complete bond, the conductive layer and / or the electrodes are glued.
  • the separating strip preferably has a protective film on only one of its two sides.
  • the separating strip preferably has a width in a range from 2 to 10 cm.
  • the separating strip preferably has a thickness in a range from 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the separating strip preferably has a length of at least the width of the material web and / or the heating element.
  • the separating strip is very particularly preferably also arranged between the electrode or the electrode strip and the cover layer.
  • the layers are preferably glued and / or laminated together.
  • the width of the material web according to the invention and / or of the heating element according to the invention is preferably in a range from 3 to 150 cm.
  • the thickness of the material web according to the invention and / or the heating element according to the invention is preferably in a range from 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the heating element preferably has a thermocouple or a thermocouple.
  • This thermal sensor is preferably arranged between the conductive layer and the cover layer or carrier layer.
  • the cover layer is then preferably connected to the conductive layer.
  • the material web is preferably severed completely in the middle of the separating strip.
  • a double-sided adhesive tape is used as the separating strip, in which the one surface also the cover layer is glued and a protective film is initially arranged on the other surface. If the material web is then severed in the region of the double-sided adhesive tape, the conductive layer and the electrodes are easily accessible and the latter can easily be sewn, for example, using contact cables or contact wires. The non-stick coating or protective film can then preferably be removed and the cover layer can be easily pressed together with the conductive layer.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved by a vehicle comprising a heating element according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a material web 10 with a conductive layer 14, on which a cover layer 16 is applied.
  • a separating strip 30 is located at regular intervals between these layers 14, 16.
  • FIG 2 shows an enlarged section of the Figure 1 . It can be seen here that the separating strip 30 between the layers 14, 16 is a protective film 34 has. The separating strip is provided on both sides with an adhesive layer 32 (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 shows the heating element 12 before final assembly.
  • the top cover layer 16 is separated from the conductive layer 14 by the separating strip 30.
  • An electrode strip 22 is glued onto the conductive layer 14.
  • Strands 26 of the contact cable 24 are placed on the electrode strip 22 and are then fixed with the electrode strip 22 and the conductive layer 14 with a seam 28.
  • FIG 4 shows the heating element 12 with the cover layer 16 and the contact cables 24.
  • polyester needle fleece 70-80 g / m 2
  • material width of approx. 150 cm was glued at intervals of 60 cm with 10 cm wide double-sided adhesive tape transverse to the running direction.
  • the release paper remained on the adhesive layer.
  • This prepared material served as a cover layer, the previously glued double-sided adhesive tapes with silicone paper served as separating strips.
  • the material web thus produced was then cut through between the small distances (5 cm) of the electrode strips, 5 rolls with a width of approx. 28 cm being produced.
  • the narrower material webs were cut through at a distance of 30 cm between the separating strips and then exactly in the middle of the separating strips. In this way, isolated preliminary stages of a heating element with a width of approximately 28 cm and a length of 30 cm were obtained.
  • this "separation process" could also be carried out in one step (e.g. by punching out).
  • the isolated heating element precursor was now opened along the cut-off separating strip.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Materialbahn aus einer leitfähigen Schicht und wenigstens einer Deckschicht mit dazwischenliegendem Trennstreifen, ein Heizelement, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Heizelements speziell zur Verwendung im KFZ.The invention relates to a material web composed of a conductive layer and at least one cover layer with a separating strip in between, a heating element, and a method for producing the heating element especially for use in a motor vehicle.

Es sind bereits verschiedene Technologien bekannt, wie beispielsweise Sitzheizungen oder Heizungen für Armablagen realisiert werden können. Bislang ist es schwierig, diese möglichst hochautomatisiert anzufertigen.Various technologies are already known, such as, for example, seat heaters or heaters for armrests. So far, it has been difficult to make them as highly automated as possible.

WO 2012/104826 A1 und RU 2 403 686 C1 beschreiben Elektroden, die mit Isoliermaterial vernäht werden. WO 2012/104826 A1 and RU 2 403 686 C1 describe electrodes that are sewn with insulating material.

WO 98/09478 A1 beschreibt Elektroden, die mit mehreren Schichten auf einmal vernäht werden, so dass das leitfähige Nahtmaterial auf der Oberfläche angeordnet ist. WO 98/09478 A1 describes electrodes that are sewn with several layers at once, so that the conductive suture material is arranged on the surface.

Heizfolien sind beispielsweise aus EP 2 000 005 B1 bekannt.Heating foils are out, for example EP 2 000 005 B1 known.

Leitfähige Schichten sind beispielsweise aus DE 10 2005 026 031 A1 bekannt.Conductive layers are made of, for example DE 10 2005 026 031 A1 known.

EP 2 736 304 A1 beschreibt ein Heizgewebe. EP 2 736 304 A1 describes a heating fabric.

DE 10 2007 042644 A1 beschreibt ein elektrisch leitfähiges, flexibles Flächengebilde- DE 10 2007 042644 A1 describes an electrically conductive, flexible fabric

EP 2 208 461 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bioelektrode. EP 2 208 461 A1 describes a method for producing a bioelectrode.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Technologie bereitzustellen, mit der möglichst einfach beispielsweise Heizfolien für Sitze und Armauflagen in Fahrzeugen erzeugt werden können.The object of the present invention is to provide a technology with which, for example, heating foils for seats and armrests in vehicles can be produced as simply as possible.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird in einer ersten Ausführungsform gelöst durch eine Materialbahn aus mehreren Materialschichten, die wenigstens eine für elektrischen Strom leitfähige Schicht und wenigstens eine Deckschicht aufweisen, wobei zwischen der wenigstens einen Deckschicht und der wenigstens einen leitfähigen Schicht wenigstens ein Trennstreifen senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Materialbahn angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Trennstreifen wenigstens auf der der leitfähigen Schicht zugewandten Oberfläche eine Anti-Haft-Beschichtung aufweist.The object on which the invention is based is achieved in a first embodiment by a material web composed of a plurality of material layers which have at least one layer which is conductive for electrical current and at least one cover layer, at least one separating strip between the at least one cover layer and the at least one conductive layer perpendicular to the The longitudinal direction of the material web is arranged, characterized in that this separating strip has an anti-stick coating at least on the surface facing the conductive layer.

Dadurch kann das Vorprodukt beispielsweise zu einer Sitzheizung oder einer Heizung für eine Armauflage als Rollenware produziert werden.As a result, the preliminary product can be produced as roll goods, for example for a seat heater or a heater for an armrest.

Durch den Trennstreifen lässt sich die Materialbahn nach der Durchtrennung der Materialbahn im Bereich des Trennstreifens einfach aufklappen. Damit ist eine nachträgliche Freilegung der leitfähigen Schicht und gegebenenfalls mit einlaminierten Elektroden möglich, um beispielsweise eine nachträgliche Kontaktierung zu ermöglichen.The separating strip allows the material web to be easily opened in the area of the separating strip after the material web has been severed. Subsequent exposure of the conductive layer and possibly with laminated electrodes is thus possible, for example to enable subsequent contacting.

"Senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Materialbahn" im Sinne der Erfindung schließt auch Winkel in einem Bereich von 80° bis 100° ein."Perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the material web" in the sense of the invention also includes angles in a range from 80 ° to 100 °.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsform gelöst durch ein Heizelement, das folgende Komponenten umfasst:

  1. a) wenigstens eine für elektrischen Strom leitfähige Schicht,
  2. b) wenigstens eine Deckschicht und
  3. c) wenigstens zwei Elektroden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizelement an einem Rand einen senkrecht zu den Elektroden angeordneten Trennstreifen zwischen der leitfähigen Schicht und der Deckschicht aufweist,
wobei die Oberfläche des Trennstreifens mit der Anti-Haft-Beschichtung versehen ist und diese eine silikonisierte oder eine mit Polytetrafluorethylen beschichtete Oberfläche ist.The object on which the invention is based is achieved in a further embodiment by a heating element which comprises the following components:
  1. a) at least one layer which is conductive for electric current,
  2. b) at least one top layer and
  3. c) at least two electrodes,
characterized in that the heating element has at one edge a separating strip arranged perpendicular to the electrodes between the conductive layer and the cover layer,
wherein the surface of the separating strip is provided with the anti-stick coating and this is a siliconized or a surface coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

Leitfähige SchichtConductive layer

Die leitfähige Schicht ist vorzugsweise eine elektrisch leitfähige Polymerfolie und/oder gewobene Carbonfasern.The conductive layer is preferably an electrically conductive polymer film and / or woven carbon fibers.

Die leitfähige Schicht umfasst vorzugsweise ein Trägermaterial, insbesondere einen Kunststoff oder ein Bindemittel und im Trägermaterial verteilte elektrisch leitfähige Pigmente, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitfähigen Pigmente eine breite Größenverteilung und/oder unterschiedliche Formen aufweisen.The conductive layer preferably comprises a carrier material, in particular a plastic or a binder and electrically conductive pigments distributed in the carrier material, characterized in that the electrically conductive pigments have a wide size distribution and / or different shapes.

Vorzugsweise weist das Trägermaterial Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polycarbonat oder Mischungen hiervon auf.The carrier material preferably has polyurethane, polyacrylate, polycarbonate or mixtures thereof.

Vorzugsweise liegen die elektrisch leitfähigen Pigmente fein dispergiert innerhalb des Trägermaterials vor.The electrically conductive pigments are preferably finely dispersed within the carrier material.

Vorzugsweise sind die elektrisch leitfähigen Pigmente kohlenstoffbasiert.The electrically conductive pigments are preferably carbon-based.

Der Flächenwiderstand der leitfähigen Schicht liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 1 kΩ/m2. Der spezifische Widerstand der leitfähigen Schicht liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 3 bis 300 Ω/□.The surface resistance of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 1 kΩ / m 2 . The specific resistance of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 3 to 300 Ω / □.

Das Flächengewicht der leitfähigen Schicht liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 80 bis 200 g/m2. Oberhalb dieses Bereiches kann die Schicht brüchig sein. Unterhalb dieses Bereiches ist sie oft schwer verarbeitbar.The weight per unit area of the conductive layer is preferably in a range from 80 to 200 g / m 2 . Above this range, the layer can be brittle. Below this range, it is often difficult to process.

Die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht kann metallische und/oder nichtmetallische Leitpigmente aufweisen.The electrically conductive layer can have metallic and / or non-metallic conductive pigments.

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht überwiegend nichtmetallische Leitpigmente aufweist. Durch diese Ausgestaltung ist ein besonders flexibles Kontaktierungssystem erreichbar.It is preferred if the electrically conductive layer predominantly has non-metallic conductive pigments. This configuration enables a particularly flexible contacting system to be achieved.

Die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht kann einen spezifischen Widerstand in einem Bereich von 0,01 bis 10 Ω cm aufweisen. Bevorzugt wird dabei ein spezifischer Widerstand von 0,05 bis 1 Ω cm.The electrically conductive layer can have a specific resistance in a range from 0.01 to 10 Ω cm. A specific resistance of 0.05 to 1 Ω cm is preferred.

Der Kohlenstoff liegt vorzugsweise innerhalb einer Polymermatrix vor. Das Material der Polymermatrix ist vorzugsweise Polyurethan.The carbon is preferably present within a polymer matrix. The material of the polymer matrix is preferably polyurethane.

Träger- und DeckschichtBase and top layer

Die Deckschicht ist vorzugsweise elektrisch isolierend. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Deckschicht um eine Schicht aus Folie, gewebtem Material oder Vlies, ganz besonders bevorzugt Polyurethan-Folien oder Nadelvlies. Das Material der Deckschicht ist vorzugsweise thermoplastisch, insbesondere bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Polyurethan, Polyester, Polypropylen und/oder Polyethylen. Die Deckschicht weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,01 bis 2 mm auf.The cover layer is preferably electrically insulating. The cover layer is preferably a layer of film, woven material or fleece, very particularly preferably polyurethane films or needle punch. The material of the cover layer is preferably thermoplastic, particularly preferably selected from polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene and / or polyethylene. The cover layer preferably has a thickness in a range from 0.01 to 2 mm.

Vorzugsweise ist in der Materialbahn und/oder dem Heizelement auf der anderen Seite der leitfähigen Schicht eine Trägerschicht angeordnet. Diese Trägerschicht ist vorzugsweise elektrisch isolierend. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Trägerschicht um eine Schicht aus Folie, gewebtem Material oder Vlies, ganz besonders bevorzugt Nadelvlies. Das Material der Trägerschicht ist vorzugsweise thermoplastisch, insbesondere bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Polyurethan, Polyester, Polypropylen und/oder Polyethylen. Die Trägerschichtweist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 2 mm auf.A carrier layer is preferably arranged in the material web and / or the heating element on the other side of the conductive layer. This carrier layer is preferably electrically insulating. The carrier layer is preferably a layer of film, woven material or nonwoven, very particularly preferably needlewoven. The material of the carrier layer is preferably thermoplastic, particularly preferably selected from polyurethane, polyester, polypropylene and / or polyethylene. The backing layer preferably has a thickness in a range from 0.1 to 2 mm.

Die Deckschicht und/oder unabhängig davon die Trägerschicht haben ein Flächengewicht in einem Bereich von 25 bis 120 g/m2. Unterhalb dieses Bereiches ist das Vlies nicht mehr so gut verarbeitbar. Zudem kann es möglicherweise nicht mehr die Funktion eines elektrischen Isolators übernehmen. Liegt die Dicke darüber, kann es passieren, dass die Materialbahn nicht mehr mit einem Kalander verarbeitet werden kann.The cover layer and / or, independently thereof, the carrier layer have a basis weight in a range from 25 to 120 g / m 2 . Below this range, the fleece is no longer so easy to process. In addition, it may no longer function as an electrical insulator. If the thickness is higher, it can happen that the material web can no longer be processed with a calender.

ElektrodenElectrodes

Vorzugsweise weist die Materialbahn zwischen der Deckschicht und der leitfähigen Schicht wenigstens zwei Elektroden auf.The material web preferably has at least two electrodes between the cover layer and the conductive layer.

Die Elektroden können beispielsweise Metalldrähte, Metallitzen, geflochtene Metallitzen, Metallbänder oder Elektrodenbänder sein.The electrodes can be, for example, metal wires, metal strands, braided metal strands, metal strips or electrode strips.

Vorzugsweise sind die Elektroden, insbesondere Elektrodenbänder bzw. Leitbänder, mit Kontaktkabeln und insbesondere mit Litzen von Kontaktkabeln vernäht. Im Unterschied zu bisherigen Technologien konnte so ein Heizelement hergestellt werden, bei dem die Kontaktkabel besonders stabil mit den Elektroden verbunden waren. Die Kontaktkabel konnten überraschenderweise so praktisch nicht mehr mit einem üblichen Kraftaufwand eines Menschen aus dem Heizelement herausgezogen werden.The electrodes, in particular electrode bands or conductive bands, are preferably sewn to contact cables and in particular to strands of contact cables. In contrast to previous technologies, it was possible to produce a heating element in which the contact cables were connected to the electrodes in a particularly stable manner. Surprisingly, the contact cables could no longer be pulled out of the heating element practically with the usual effort of a person.

Die Elektroden umfassen oder sind vorzugsweise Elektrodenbänder, an die ganz besonders bevorzugt Kontaktkabel angeschlossen sind.The electrodes preferably comprise or are electrode strips to which contact cables are very particularly preferably connected.

Die Elektrodenbänder sind vorzugsweise ein gewobener Verbund aus einer oder mehrerer Metallitzen, Metalldrähten oder geflochtenen Metallitzen oder geflochtenen Metalldrähten und Fasern oder Garnen oder Zwirnen
Die Materialbahn und/oder das Heizelement weisen vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei elektrisch leitfähige Elektrodenbänder auf. In der Materialbahn sind die Elektrodenbänder vorzugsweise zwischen der Deckschicht und der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht angeordnet. Die Elektrodenbänder erstrecken sich vorzugsweise in Richtung der Materialbahn. Die Elektrodenbänder enthalten vorzugsweise Metallfäden. Das Metall dieser Metallfäden ist vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Kupfer, verzinntem Kupfer, versilbertem Kupfer, Silber, Gold oder Mischungen derselben. Die Elektrodenbänder haben vorzugsweise eine Breite in einem Bereich von 0,3 bis 5 cm. Die Elektrodenbänder haben vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 0,05 bis 1 mm. Die Elektrodenbänder haben vorzugsweise eine Länge, die wenigstens der Länge der Materialbahn und/oder des Heizelements entspricht.The electrode strips are preferably a woven composite of one or more metal strands, metal wires or braided metal strands or braided metal wires and fibers or yarns or twists
The material web and / or the heating element preferably have at least two electrically conductive electrode strips. The electrode strips are preferably arranged in the material web between the cover layer and the electrically conductive layer. The electrode strips preferably extend in the direction of the material web. The electrode strips preferably contain metal threads. The metal of these metal threads is preferably selected from copper, tinned copper, silver-plated copper, silver, gold or mixtures thereof. The electrode strips preferably have a width in a range from 0.3 to 5 cm. The electrode strips preferably have a thickness in a range from 0.05 to 1 mm. The electrode strips preferably have a length that corresponds at least to the length of the material web and / or the heating element.

Die Elektrodenbänder weisen besonders bevorzugt in Textil eingewebte versilberte Kupferlitzen auf.The electrode strips particularly preferably have silver-plated copper strands woven into textile.

Der Abstand der Elektroden oder Elektrodenbänder zum Rand der Materialbahn und/oder des Heizelements liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 20 cm. Der Abstand zwischen wenigstens zwei Elektroden oder Elektrodenbändern liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 50 bis 90 % der Breite der Materialbahn und/oder des Heizelements. Wenigstens ein Elektrodenband ist vorzugsweise mit einem Kontaktkabel verbunden. Das Kontaktkabel weist vorzugsweise Litzen auf. Die Litzen sind vorzugsweise mit dem wenigstens einem Elektrodenband verbunden, ganz besonders bevorzugt vernäht. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind die Litzen im erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement zwischen dem Elektrodenband und der Deckschicht und/oder dem Klebestreifen angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Litzen durch das Elektrodenband hindurch mit der leitfähigen Schicht vernäht. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass dadurch besonders niedrige Übergangswiderstände und eine besonders hohe Zugentlastung realisiert werden können.The distance of the electrodes or electrode strips from the edge of the material web and / or the heating element is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 20 cm. The distance between at least two electrodes or electrode strips is preferably in a range from 50 to 90% of the width of the material web and / or the heating element. At least one electrode band is preferably connected to a contact cable. The contact cable preferably has strands. The strands are preferably connected to the at least one electrode band, very particularly preferably sewn. The strands in the heating element according to the invention are very particularly preferably arranged between the electrode tape and the cover layer and / or the adhesive strip. The strands are preferably sewn to the conductive layer through the electrode band. It has been found that particularly low contact resistances and particularly high strain relief can be achieved as a result.

Die Elektroden im erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement sind vorzugsweise nur in einem Bereich von 1 bis 20 cm2 mit den Litzen vernäht. Vorzugsweise sind die Elektroden beziehungsweise Elektrodenbänder im Bereich der Litzen des wenigstens einen Kontaktkabels mit der leitfähigen Schicht vernäht. Vorzugsweise sind die Litzen zwischen den Elektroden und der Deckschicht angeordnet.Die Elektroden oder Elektrodenbänder sind vorzugsweise in gleichbleibendem Abstand voneinander entfernt. Dadurch bleibt die Heizleistung konstant.The electrodes in the heating element according to the invention are preferably sewn to the strands only in a range of 1 to 20 cm 2 . The electrodes or electrode strips are preferably sewn to the conductive layer in the area of the strands of the at least one contact cable. The strands are preferably arranged between the electrodes and the cover layer. The electrodes or electrode strips are preferred at a constant distance from each other. As a result, the heating output remains constant.

Das Metall der Litzen ist vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Kupfer, verzinntem Kupfer, versilbertem Kupfer, Silber, Gold oder Mischungen derselben.The metal of the strands is preferably selected from copper, tinned copper, silver-plated copper, silver, gold or mixtures thereof.

Das Nahtmaterial ist vorzugsweise aus Metall oder metallisiertes Polymer. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist das Nahtmaterial versilberter oder verkupferter Polyamid-Zwirn. Das Fasergewicht des Nahtmaterials liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 100 bis 400 dtex. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass außerhalb dieses Bereiches überraschenderweise der elektrische Widerstand des Kontakts zwischen den Kontaktkabeln bzw. deren Litzen und den Elektroden schlechter wurde.The suture material is preferably made of metal or metallized polymer. The suture material of silver-plated or copper-plated polyamide thread is very particularly preferred. The fiber weight of the suture is preferably in the range of 100 to 400 dtex. It has been found that, outside of this range, the electrical resistance of the contact between the contact cables or their strands and the electrodes surprisingly deteriorated.

Das Nahtmuster ist vorzugsweise ein Zick-Zack-Muster mit Zwischenstichen.The seam pattern is preferably a zigzag pattern with intermediate stitches.

Die Kontaktkabel sind vorzugsweise jeweils isoliert. Die Isolierung ist vorzugsweise am Ende der Kontaktkabel entfernt. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Isolierung in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 cm entfernt. In dem Bereich, in dem die Isolierung des Kontaktkabels entfernt ist, liegen die Litzen des Kontaktkabels also beispielsweise blank. Damit es zu einem besonders guten elektrischen Kontakt kommt, sind die Litzen am Ende des Kontaktkabels vorzugsweise über die gesamte Breite der Elektrode oder des Elektrodenbandes verteilt.The contact cables are preferably insulated. The insulation is preferably removed at the end of the contact cable. The insulation is particularly preferably removed in a range from 0.5 to 5 cm. In the area in which the insulation of the contact cable is removed, the strands of the contact cable are, for example, bare. To ensure particularly good electrical contact, the strands at the end of the contact cable are preferably distributed over the entire width of the electrode or the electrode strip.

Vorzugsweise ist das Kontaktkabel im erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement am Ende des Elektrodenbandes mit dem Elektrodenband und der leitfähigen Schicht vernäht. Besonders bevorzugt erstreckt sich die Isolierung des Kontaktkabels über eine Länge in einem Bereich von 1 bis 10 mm in das Heizelement hinein. Dadurch kann ungewollter elektrischer Kontakt außerhalb des Heizelements besonders gut vermieden werden.The contact cable in the heating element according to the invention is preferably sewn to the electrode strip and the conductive layer at the end of the electrode strip. Particularly preferably, the insulation of the contact cable extends into the heating element over a length in a range of 1 to 10 mm. In this way, unwanted electrical contact outside the heating element can be avoided particularly well.

Vorzugsweise sind die Elektroden oder Elektrodenbänder auf derselben Seite des Heizelements mit jeweils einem Kontaktkabel verbunden.The electrodes or electrode strips are preferably connected to a contact cable on the same side of the heating element.

TrennstreifenDividing strips

Der Trennstreifen kann vorzugsweise ein doppelseitiger Klebestreifen sein, wobei dieser Klebestreifen auf der, der leitfähigen Schicht zugewandten Seite eine Klebeschicht und eine Schutzfolie aufweist.The separating strip can preferably be a double-sided adhesive strip, this adhesive strip having an adhesive layer and a protective film on the side facing the conductive layer.

Die Oberfläche mit der Anti-Haft-Beschichtung des Trennstreifens kann eine silikonisierte oder eine mit Polytetrafluorethylen beschichtete Oberfläche sein.The surface with the anti-stick coating of the separating strip can be a siliconized surface or a surface coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

Der Klebestreifen kann ein doppelseitiger Klebestreifen sein, der auf der, der leitfähigen Schicht zugewandten Seite eine Schutzfolie aufweist. Diese Schutzfolie kann beispielsweise silikonisiertes Papier sein.The adhesive strip can be a double-sided adhesive strip which has a protective film on the side facing the conductive layer. This protective film can be siliconized paper, for example.

Die Schutzfolie kann beispielsweise aus silikonisiertem Papier, PE-Folie oder PTFE-Folie betsehen.The protective film can be made of siliconized paper, PE film or PTFE film, for example.

Vorzugsweise ist der doppelseitige Klebestreifen auf die Innenseite der Deckschicht geklebt; eine Schutzfolie ist vorzugsweise nicht entfernt, so dass bei der anschließenden Laminierung des kompletten Vebundes eine Verklebung mit der leitfähigen Schicht und/oder den Elektroden erfolgt. Vorzugsweise weist der Trennstreifen nur auf einer seiner beiden Seiten eine Schutzfolie auf.The double-sided adhesive strip is preferably glued to the inside of the cover layer; a protective film has preferably not been removed, so that during the subsequent lamination of the complete bond, the conductive layer and / or the electrodes are glued. The separating strip preferably has a protective film on only one of its two sides.

Der Trennstreifen weist vorzugsweise eine Breite in einem Bereich von 2 bis 10 cm auf. Der Trennstreifen weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke in einem Bereich von 10 bis 500 µm auf. Der Trennstreifen weist vorzugsweise eine Länge von wenigstens der Breite der Materialbahn und/oder des Heizelements auf.The separating strip preferably has a width in a range from 2 to 10 cm. The separating strip preferably has a thickness in a range from 10 to 500 μm. The separating strip preferably has a length of at least the width of the material web and / or the heating element.

Der Trennstreifen ist ganz besonders bevorzugt auch zwischen der Elektrode beziehungsweise dem Elektrodenband und der Deckschicht angeordnet.The separating strip is very particularly preferably also arranged between the electrode or the electrode strip and the cover layer.

Allgemeine Merkmalegeneral characteristics

Die Schichten sind vorzugsweise miteinander verklebt und/oder kaschiert.The layers are preferably glued and / or laminated together.

Die Breite der erfindungsgemäßen Materialbahn und/oder des erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 3 bis 150 cm. Die Dicke der erfindungsgemäßen Materialbahn und/oder des erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements liegt vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 2 mm.The width of the material web according to the invention and / or of the heating element according to the invention is preferably in a range from 3 to 150 cm. The thickness of the material web according to the invention and / or the heating element according to the invention is preferably in a range from 0.5 to 2 mm.

Vorzugsweise weist das Heizelement einen Thermofühler oder ein Thermoelement auf. Dieser Thermofühler ist vorzugsweise zwischen der leitfähigen Schicht und der Deckschicht oder Trägerschicht angeordnet.The heating element preferably has a thermocouple or a thermocouple. This thermal sensor is preferably arranged between the conductive layer and the cover layer or carrier layer.

Verfahrenmethod

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsform gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man

  1. a) die erfindungsgemäße Materialbahn senkrecht zur Längsachse der Materialbahn unmittelbar am Rand des Trennstreifens oder im Bereich des Trennstreifens vollständig durchtrennt, so dass der Trennstreifen durch die Schutzfolie oder eine Anti-Haft-Beschichtung leicht von der leitfähigen Schicht trennbar ist und
  2. b) wenigstens zwei Elektroden mit Kontaktkabeln vernäht.
The object on which the invention is based is achieved in a further embodiment by a method for producing the heating element according to the invention, characterized in that
  1. a) the material web according to the invention is completely severed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the material web directly at the edge of the separating strip or in the region of the separating strip, so that the separating strip can be easily separated from the conductive layer by the protective film or an anti-adhesive coating and
  2. b) sewn at least two electrodes with contact cables.

Verzugsweise verbindet man anschließend die Deckschicht mit der leitfähigen Schicht.The cover layer is then preferably connected to the conductive layer.

Vorzugsweise wird die Materialbahn in der Mitte des Trennstreifens vollständig durchtrennt.The material web is preferably severed completely in the middle of the separating strip.

Vorzugsweise setzt man bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Trennstreifen ein doppelseitiges Klebeband ein, bei dem die eine Oberfläche mit der Deckschicht verklebt ist und auf der anderen Oberfläche zunächst eine Schutzfolie angeordnet ist. Wird dann die Materialbahn im Bereich des doppelseitigen Klebebandes durchtrennt, sind die leitfähige Schicht sowie die Elektroden leicht zugänglich und letztere können beispielsweise mit Kontaktkabeln oder Kontaktdrähten leicht vernäht werden. Anschließend kann die Anti-Haft-Beschichtung oder Schutzfolie vorzugsweise entfernt werden und die Deckschichtdurch zusammendrücken mit der leifähigen Schicht leicht verbunden werden.Preferably, in the process according to the invention, a double-sided adhesive tape is used as the separating strip, in which the one surface also the cover layer is glued and a protective film is initially arranged on the other surface. If the material web is then severed in the region of the double-sided adhesive tape, the conductive layer and the electrodes are easily accessible and the latter can easily be sewn, for example, using contact cables or contact wires. The non-stick coating or protective film can then preferably be removed and the cover layer can be easily pressed together with the conductive layer.

Fahrzeugvehicle

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Fahrzeug umfassend ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizelement.In a further embodiment, the object on which the invention is based is achieved by a vehicle comprising a heating element according to the invention.

Weitere praktische Ausführungsformen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind nachfolgend im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Materialbahn mit einer leitfähigen Schicht und einer auf die leitfähige Schicht aufgebrachten Deckschicht,
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
zeigt das Heizelement vor dem endgültigen Zusammenbau und
Fig. 4
zeigt das Heizelement mit der Deckschicht und den Kontaktkabeln.
Further practical embodiments and advantages of the invention are described below in connection with the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
shows a material web with a conductive layer and a cover layer applied to the conductive layer,
Fig. 2
shows an enlarged section of the Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
shows the heating element before final assembly and
Fig. 4
shows the heating element with the cover layer and the contact cables.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Materialbahn 10 mit einer leitfähigen Schicht 14, auf der eine Deckschicht 16 aufgebracht ist. In regelmäßigen Abständen befindet sich zwischen diesen Schichten 14, 16 ein Trennstreifen 30. Figure 1 shows a material web 10 with a conductive layer 14, on which a cover layer 16 is applied. A separating strip 30 is located at regular intervals between these layers 14, 16.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Figur 1. Hier ist erkennbar, dass der Trennstreifen 30 zwischen den Schichten 14, 16 eine Schutzfolie 34 aufweist. Der Trennstreifen ist beidseitig mit einer Klebeschicht 32 versehen (nicht dargestellt). Figure 2 shows an enlarged section of the Figure 1 . It can be seen here that the separating strip 30 between the layers 14, 16 is a protective film 34 has. The separating strip is provided on both sides with an adhesive layer 32 (not shown).

Figur 3 zeigt das Heizelement 12 vor dem endgültigen Zusammenbau. Die obenliegende Deckschicht 16 ist durch den Trennstreifen 30 von der leitfähigen Schicht 14 getrennt. Auf der leitfähigen Schicht 14 ist ein Elektrodenband 22 aufgeklebt. Auf das Elektrodenband 22 sind Litzen 26 des Kontaktkabels 24 aufgelegt, die dann mit dem Elektrodenband 22 und der leitfähigen Schicht 14 mit einer Naht 28 fixiert sind. Figure 3 shows the heating element 12 before final assembly. The top cover layer 16 is separated from the conductive layer 14 by the separating strip 30. An electrode strip 22 is glued onto the conductive layer 14. Strands 26 of the contact cable 24 are placed on the electrode strip 22 and are then fixed with the electrode strip 22 and the conductive layer 14 with a seam 28.

Figur 4 zeigt das Heizelement 12 mit der Deckschicht 16 und den Kontaktkabeln 24. Figure 4 shows the heating element 12 with the cover layer 16 and the contact cables 24.

AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment

Handelsübliches Polyester-Nadelvlies (70-80 g/m2) mit einer Materialbreite von ca. 150 cm wurde in Abständen von 60 cm mit 10 cm breitem doppelseitigem Klebeband quer zur Laufrichtung beklebt. Das Trennpapier verblieb auf der Klebeschicht.Commercially available polyester needle fleece (70-80 g / m 2 ) with a material width of approx. 150 cm was glued at intervals of 60 cm with 10 cm wide double-sided adhesive tape transverse to the running direction. The release paper remained on the adhesive layer.

Dieses vorbereitete Material diente als Deckschicht, die vorher aufgeklebten doppelseitigen Klebebänder mit Silikonpapier dienten als Trennstreifen.This prepared material served as a cover layer, the previously glued double-sided adhesive tapes with silicone paper served as separating strips.

Anschließend wurden im Kalander folgende Materialien mit Hilfe geeigneter Klebematerialien in einem Schritt laminiert.

  1. 1. Handelsübliches Polyester Nadelvlies (70-80g/m2) (Trägerschicht).
  2. 2. FlexiWarm®- Folie (Breite ca. 146 cm bis 150 cm, der Firma Kaschier & Laminier ;Leitfähige Schicht).
  3. 3. 10 Elektrodenbänder mit folgenden Abständen 7,5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm 23 cm, 7,5 cm. Dies entsprach einer Produktion von 5 Nutzen pro Laufmeter.
  4. 4. Die mit Streifen aus doppelseitigem Klebeband beklebte Deckschicht (siehe oben); die Schutzfolie war in Richtung der leitfähigen Schicht bzw. der Elektrodenbänder orientiert.
The following materials were then laminated in one step in the calender using suitable adhesive materials.
  1. 1. Commercial polyester needle fleece (70-80g / m 2 ) (backing layer).
  2. 2. FlexiWarm® film (width approx. 146 cm to 150 cm, from Kaschier &Laminier; conductive layer).
  3. 3. 10 electrode strips with the following distances 7.5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm, 23 cm, 5 cm 23 cm, 7.5 cm. This corresponded to a production of 5 benefits per running meter.
  4. 4. The top layer stuck with strips of double-sided adhesive tape (see above); the protective film was oriented in the direction of the conductive layer or the electrode strips.

So entstand die erfindungsgemäße Materialbahn.So the material web according to the invention was created.

Die so gefertigte Materialbahn wurde nun zwischen den kleinen Abständen (5 cm) der Elektrodenbänder durchgeschnitten, wobei 5 Rollen mit einer Breite von ca. 28 cm entstanden.The material web thus produced was then cut through between the small distances (5 cm) of the electrode strips, 5 rolls with a width of approx. 28 cm being produced.

Im folgenden Arbeitsschritt wurden nun die schmaleren Materialbahnen jeweils im Abstand von 30 cm zwischen den Trennstreifen und dann exakt in der Mitte der Trennstreifen durchgeschnitten. Auf diese Weise erhielt man vereinzelte Vorstufen eines Heizelementes mit einer Breite von ca. 28 cm und einer Länge von 30 cm. Alternativ konnte dieser "Vereinzelungsprozess" auch in einem Schritt (z. B. durch Ausstanzen) durchgeführt werden.In the following work step, the narrower material webs were cut through at a distance of 30 cm between the separating strips and then exactly in the middle of the separating strips. In this way, isolated preliminary stages of a heating element with a width of approximately 28 cm and a length of 30 cm were obtained. Alternatively, this "separation process" could also be carried out in one step (e.g. by punching out).

Die vereinzelte Heizelement-Vorstufe wurde nun entlang des durchgeschnittenen Trennstreifens aufgeklappt.The isolated heating element precursor was now opened along the cut-off separating strip.

Es wurden handelsübliche Kupferkabel mit Kupferlitzen am Ende 2 cm abisoliert. Die Litzen wurden verbreitert, so dass sie in Breite der Elektrodenbänder auf diese Elektrodenbänder aufgelegt wurden und mitsamt der darunterliegenden leitfähigen Schicht mit leitfähigem Zwirn (versilberter Polyamid-Zwirn) vernäht wurden. Dann wurde die Schutzfolie vom doppelseitigen Klebeband abgezogen und die Deckschicht mit der leitfähigen Schicht über die Kontaktkabel und Elektrodenbänder hinweg verklebt. So entstand das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement.Commercially available copper cables with copper strands were stripped 2 cm at the end. The strands were widened so that they were placed on these electrode strips in the width of the electrode strips and sewn together with the underlying conductive layer with conductive thread (silver-coated polyamide thread). The protective film was then removed from the double-sided adhesive tape and the cover layer was bonded to the conductive layer over the contact cables and electrode strips. This is how the heating element according to the invention was created.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1010th
MaterialbahnMaterial web
1212th
HeizelementHeating element
1414
Leitfähige SchichtConductive layer
1616
DeckschichtTop layer
1818th
TrägerschichtCarrier layer
2020th
ElektrodenElectrodes
2222
ElektrodenbandElectrode tape
2424th
KontaktkabelContact cable
2626
LitzenStrands
2828
Nahtseam
3030th
Trennstreifen oder KlebestreifenPartition strips or adhesive strips
3232
KlebeschichtAdhesive layer
3434
SchutzfolieProtective film

Claims (11)

  1. A material sheet made of several material layers comprising at least one electric current conductive layer (14) and at least one top layer (16), wherein at least one separating strip (30) is arranged between the at least one top layer (16) and the at least one conductive layer (14) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the material sheet (10), characterised in that said separating strip (30) has a nonstick coating at least on the surface facing the conductive layer (14).
  2. The material sheet according to claim 1, characterised in that the material sheet (10) has two electrodes (20) between the top layer (16) and the conductive layer (14).
  3. A heating element comprising the following components:
    a) at least one electric current conductive layer (14),
    b) at least one top layer (16), and
    c) at least two electrodes (20),
    characterised in that the heating element has, at one edge, a separating strip (30) arranged perpendicular to the electrodes between the conductive layer (14) and the top layer (16),
    wherein the surface of the separating strip is provided with the nonstick coating and said nonstick coating is a siliconised or polytetrafluoroethylene-coated surface.
  4. The heating element according to claim 3 or the material sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the separating strip (30) is a double-sided adhesive tape.
  5. The heating element according to claim 3 or 4 or the material sheet according to claims 1, 2 or 4, characterised in that the conductive layer (14) is an electrically conductive polymer film.
  6. The heating element according to any one of claims 3 to 5 or the material sheet according to any one of claims 2 or 4 to 5, characterised in that the electrodes (20) comprise electrode strips (22) which very particularly preferably contain metal threads.
  7. The heating element according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the electrodes (20) are sewn to strands (26) of contact cables (24).
  8. The heating element according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterised in that the suture material has a fibre weight in a range from 100 to 400 dtex (90 to 360 den).
  9. A process for manufacturing the heating element, said heating element comprising the following components:
    a) at least one electric current conductive layer (14),
    b) at least one top layer (16), and
    c) at least two electrodes (20),
    characterised in that the material sheet (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 2 is completely cut through perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the material sheet (10) directly at the edge of the separating strip (30) or in the area of the separating strip (30) such that the separating strip (30) can easily be separated from the conductive layer (14) by a protective film or a nonstick coating.
  10. The process according to claim 9, characterised in that at least two electrodes (2) are sewn to contact cables (24).
  11. A vehicle comprising a heating element (12) according to claim 3.
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