EP1180915B1 - Heating element - Google Patents

Heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1180915B1
EP1180915B1 EP20010103783 EP01103783A EP1180915B1 EP 1180915 B1 EP1180915 B1 EP 1180915B1 EP 20010103783 EP20010103783 EP 20010103783 EP 01103783 A EP01103783 A EP 01103783A EP 1180915 B1 EP1180915 B1 EP 1180915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
conductive
layer
element according
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP20010103783
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1180915A3 (en
EP1180915A2 (en
Inventor
Michael Weiss
Markus Dr. Hugenschmidt
Ferdinand Schuller
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WET Automotive Systems AG
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WET Automotive Systems AG
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Priority claimed from DE19939174A external-priority patent/DE19939174A1/en
Application filed by WET Automotive Systems AG filed Critical WET Automotive Systems AG
Publication of EP1180915A2 publication Critical patent/EP1180915A2/en
Publication of EP1180915A3 publication Critical patent/EP1180915A3/en
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Publication of EP1180915B1 publication Critical patent/EP1180915B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of Claim 1. It has a heating foil, which has a carrier layer and Has conductive layer. Under the carrier layer, a flat structure becomes one understood electrically non-conductive material. This can be woven, knitted and nonwovens - but especially films. Under heating element subsequently understood a heating foil with electrical connections. It can however also additional components such as Cushions and / or Sensors included.
  • Heating elements with heatable fabrics made of graphite fibers are known. These have good functionality. However, the disadvantage is the relative complex production and therefore its high price.
  • Electric blankets are also known in which an aluminum foil is used as the heating element is used.
  • the problem here is that this film is mechanical only low load and is therefore not suitable for many purposes. this applies even if the aluminum foil is covered with a plastic foil.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an inexpensive, safe, to provide flexible and controlled heating element. This is with fulfills the features of claim 1.
  • At least one slot (13) has at least one connection point (14) is provided, on which at least two are arranged together Guide strips (12) at areas spaced from their respective ends (15) are electrically conductive with each other and at which the connected Guiding strip (12) even without electrical connection when operating the Heating element would have substantially the same potential. This increases the mechanical strength and manageability of the heating element.
  • the conductive layer of the heating foil is a metal layer deposited on the carrier layer.
  • Such a heating element has a high fire and Short-circuit safety. Should inadvertently short circuit at any point occur, the extreme thinness of the conductive layer leads to local burning the leading layer. This causes self-healing because this way a short circuit is immediately canceled.
  • the conductive layer of the heating foil at least form an interconnect has at least one recess to the flow of a Direct current through the conductive layer. It is also planned that at least one interconnect has at least one slot around the river to direct a current through the interconnect.
  • the temperature distribution and the power density can be influence in the heating foil. If the current is in multiple interconnects and / or conductive strip flows, becomes a current concentration and thus avoid overheating on the inside of bends. simultaneously reliability of the heating element is ensured by the redundancy of the interconnects and / or guiding strips increased.
  • the film is in the seat used in a vehicle seat, the film does not wrinkle, but folds controls along the slots. This results in higher seating comfort.
  • the Film can also spread to larger loads without overstretching adjust the slots.
  • the recesses and Slit moisture through the film For example, this is useful for air conditioning the seat.
  • connection point (14) is provided at which at least two are located together arranged guide strips (12) at a distance from their respective ends (15) Areas are electrically connected to each other by the connection points do not cut through the conductive layer (3) and on the connected guide strips (12) even without an electrical connection have essentially the same potential during operation of the heating element would. This simplifies the handling of the cut heating element assembly.
  • the carrier layer made of plastic, especially polyester, PI, PA, PP or PC, or paper, and that the conductive layer on the carrier layer is evaporated, sputtered or galvanized. This serves as a guarantee sufficient resistance to various media, e.g. Sweat or lemonade, as well as UV light and ensuring a low one Producer price.
  • the conductive layer should also be made of copper for price reasons his. However, it can also be made of aluminum, silver or nickel, for example be made.
  • High stability and functionality result especially when the thickness of the Heating film between 10 and 300 microns, especially between 20 and 150 microns, and the thickness of the conductive layer between 0.05 pm and 10 microns, in particular between 0.05 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m.
  • the stretchability of the heating foil is relatively large, and therefore greater than the ductility of a metal foil of the same thickness - and if the conductive layer is covered by a cover layer.
  • At least two guiding strips each have approximately the same total length. If several interconnects are provided, it is advisable that at least two interconnects each have approximately the same total length.
  • the width and / or the thickness at least one guiding strip or one guideway varies over its longitudinal course. This allows areas with higher or lower temperatures set specifically.
  • the heating foil in the seat and / or Backrest surface of a vehicle seat is integrated. Because of their easy processability the film is well suited for this purpose.
  • the heating element it is advantageous if at least a part of the conductive layer is not used or not only for heating but the power supply of further electrical functional elements, in particular of sensors.
  • the carrier layer and the top layer at the edges at least one slot or recess integrally with one another are connected. This prevents corrosion of the conductive layer.
  • the backing layer and / or the Cover layer also completely at least one slot or a recess cover.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of a heating foil 1 of a heating element.
  • the heating foil 1 has a carrier layer 2.
  • This Carrier layer 2 is made of an electrically non-conductive, elastic, smooth, tensile and kink-resistant material. In the embodiment, this is used Plastic - namely polyester - used.
  • a thin, electrically conductive conductive layer 3 is deposited on the carrier layer 2.
  • This L eit Anlagen 3 is preferably made of a metal, in particular Copper. It is expediently vapor-deposited. Its thickness is in Embodiment 0.1 microns.
  • the cover layer 4 On the side of the conductive layer 3 facing away from the carrier layer 2 there is a cover layer 4 applied.
  • the cover layer 4 consists of the same material as the carrier layer 2. It is by pressing with the Conductor layer 3 connected.
  • the function of the cover layer 4 is to protect the conductive layer 3 from corrosion protect. At the same time, it is intended to prevent the conductive layer 3 from buckling and scratching. This is ensured, among other things, by the fact that the larger Film thickness of the bending radius is limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows a heating element in which a heating foil 1 on two each other opposite edge regions has contact regions 16. This are connected via terminals 17 to a power source, not shown.
  • metallic bands are provided, which over their Entire length electrically connected to the conductive layer 3 of the heating film 1 are.
  • the current is fed from a connection 17 into the heating foil 1 over the entire length of the one contact area 16. It then flows over the entire width of the heating foil 1 to the opposite contact area 16.
  • the length and width of the heating foil 1 and the thickness of the conductive layer 3 determine the performance of the heating element.
  • length is understood to mean the distance between the two contact areas 16, and width is the extent of the film lying perpendicularly in the film plane.
  • the power density of the present exemplary embodiment is between 1 and 10 W / dm 2 .
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a heating element.
  • the heating element has a heating foil 1. This shows on one of its lateral edge areas two contact areas 16. The two contact areas 16 are included spaced apart and separated from one another by a recess 11. At each of these contact areas 16, the conductive layer 3 is not one shown power source connected.
  • the conductive layer 3 is divided by recesses 11 around a conductive path 10 to build. This connects the two contact areas 16 in a tortuous, continuous loop electrically conductive with each other.
  • the interconnect 10 can thereby, as in the exemplary embodiment, essentially the entire area of the Cover the heating foil.
  • the guideway 10 is in turn subdivided into several guiding strips 12.
  • the guiding lines 12 run essentially parallel to the interconnect 10 and thus parallel to the direction of current flow. They are separated from one another by slots 13.
  • the current flows through a contact area 16 the interconnect 10 in to the other contact area 16 and thereby heats the heating foil 1.
  • the subdivision of the interconnect 10 into several conductive strips 12 has the effect that the Current evenly distributed over changes in direction of the interconnect 10 the entire width of the interconnect 10 flows. Otherwise, there would be a bend the conductor 10 a current concentration and thus overheating at the Occur inside the bend.
  • An approximately equal total length of the guide strips 12 causes the same resistance of the individual guiding strips 12. This also serves a uniform Current distribution on the individual guiding strips and an even temperature distribution.
  • Fig. 4 essentially corresponds to the design of Fig. 3. In the present embodiment, however, are junctions 14 provided. These connect guiding strips 12 arranged with one another. The connection points 14 are arranged at positions at which the interconnected guiding strips 12 are similar without connection would have electrical potential. The connection points are in Embodiment manufactured so that a cut at these points the conductive layer 3 as in the recesses 11 and the slots 13 was waived.
  • connection points 14 are spaced in the course of the guide strips 12 and arranged to the ends 15 of the guide strips 12.
  • the heating foil is also suitable for use in particular in car seats.
  • it can be integrated in the seat surface and / or backrest surface. This can for example below the seat cover or in the upholstery of the seat respectively.
  • it is also conceivable to combine them with the seat cover or to replace the seat cover with the film itself.
  • Sensors can also be provided in the seat.
  • the leading layer can in this case can be used to supply the sensors with power and forward their signals.
  • Either the heating conductor can be used for this or separate interconnects are created.
  • These sensors can, for example serve for temperature measurement or pressure measurement.
  • the conductive layer 3 can also by galvanizing or by vapor deposition Similar chemical or physical processes are deposited on the carrier layer 2 become.
  • connection between the conductive layer 3 and the carrier layer 2 can also be achieved by Glue or the like can be produced.
  • the cover layer 4 can be made of a different material than the carrier layer 2 z. B. consist of a lacquer coating. It would also be conceivable for the top layer 4 omitted.
  • the film can be perforated or the Width of the slots can be increased.
  • interconnect 10 instead of one interconnect 10, several interconnects could also be provided.
  • the guiding strips 12 could in turn be further subdivided. The principle the same size resistances due to the same total lengths can also be found here apply.
  • the slots 11 could take the form of larger recesses. Thereby the area coverage of the conductive layer 3 can be significantly less and than Area used heating area, for example, only 50% of the heating foil area be.
  • the recesses 11 and slots 13 can the heating film 1 in its entirety Penetrate thick.
  • the carrier layer 2 and / or the cover layer 4 can handle the recesses 11 and slots 13, however, also completely cover. In these Areas the carrier layer 2 and the cover layer 4 could e.g. by gluing also be integrally connected.
  • the structuring of the conductive layer 3 can be carried out using conventional methods, such as, for. B. Cutting, done.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Heizelement nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Sie besitzt eine Heizfolie, welche eine Trägerschicht und eine Leitschicht aufweist. Unter Trägerschicht wird ein flächiges Gebilde aus einem elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Material verstanden. Dies kann Gewebe, Gewirke und Vliese - insbesondere aber Folien - beinhalten. Unter Heizelement wird nachfolgend eine Heizfolie mit elektrischen Anschlüssen verstanden. Es kann jedoch auch zusätzliche Komponenten wie z.B. Polsterauflagen und / oder Sensoren enthalten.The present invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of Claim 1. It has a heating foil, which has a carrier layer and Has conductive layer. Under the carrier layer, a flat structure becomes one understood electrically non-conductive material. This can be woven, knitted and nonwovens - but especially films. Under heating element subsequently understood a heating foil with electrical connections. It can however also additional components such as Cushions and / or Sensors included.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bekannt sind Heizelemente mit beheizbaren Geweben aus Graphit-Fasern. Diese weisen eine gute Funktionalität auf. Nachteilig ist allerdings die relativ aufwendige Produktion und somit ihr hoher Preis.Heating elements with heatable fabrics made of graphite fibers are known. These have good functionality. However, the disadvantage is the relative complex production and therefore its high price.

Weiterhin sind Heizdecken bekannt, bei denen als Heizelement eine Aluminiumfolie benutzt wird. Problematisch ist hierbei, daß diese Folie mechanisch nur gering belastbar und somit für viele Einsatzzwecke nicht geeignet ist. Dies gilt selbst dann, wenn die Aluminiumfolie mit einer Kunststoffolie beklebt wird.Electric blankets are also known in which an aluminum foil is used as the heating element is used. The problem here is that this film is mechanical only low load and is therefore not suitable for many purposes. this applies even if the aluminum foil is covered with a plastic foil.

Aus DE 43 21 474 ist ein Heizelement bekannt, das eine geschlitzte, leitfähige Kunststoff-Folie aufweist. Diese ist jedoch verfahrenstechnisch aufwendiger herzustellen. From DE 43 21 474 a heating element is known which has a slotted, conductive Has plastic film. However, this is more complex in terms of process technology manufacture.

Gegenstand der ErfindungObject of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist somit, ein kostengünstiges, sicheres, flexibles und kontrolliert heizendes Heizelement bereit zu stellen. Diese wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 erfüllt.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an inexpensive, safe, to provide flexible and controlled heating element. This is with fulfills the features of claim 1.

Es ist vorgesehen, daß an mindestens einem Schlitz (13) mindestens eine Verbindungsstelle (14) vorgesehen ist, an der mindestens zwei beieinander angeordnete Leitstreifen (12) an von ihren jeweiligen Enden (15) beabstandeten Bereichen elektrisch leitend miteinander in Verbindung stehen und an der die verbundenen Leitstreifen (12) auch ohne elektrische Verbindung bei Betrieb des Heizelementes im wesentlichen dasselbe Potential aufweisen würden. Dies erhöht die mechanische Belastbarkeit und Handhabbarkeit des Heizelements.It is provided that at least one slot (13) has at least one connection point (14) is provided, on which at least two are arranged together Guide strips (12) at areas spaced from their respective ends (15) are electrically conductive with each other and at which the connected Guiding strip (12) even without electrical connection when operating the Heating element would have substantially the same potential. This increases the mechanical strength and manageability of the heating element.

Die Leitschicht der Heizfolie ist eine auf der Trägerschicht abgeschiedene Metallschicht.The conductive layer of the heating foil is a metal layer deposited on the carrier layer.

Dies bewirkt eine Erhöhung der mechanischen Belastbarkeit und eine Kostenreduzierung. Weiterhin besitzt ein solches Heizelement eine hohe Brand- und Kurzschlußsicherheit. Sollten an irgendeiner Stelle unbeabsichtigt Kurzschlüsse auftreten, so führt die extreme Dünnheit der Leitschicht zu einem lokalen Abbrennen der Leitschicht. Dies bewirkt eine Selbstheilung, da auf diese Weise ein Kurzschluß sofort wieder aufgehoben ist.This causes an increase in the mechanical resilience and a reduction in costs. Furthermore, such a heating element has a high fire and Short-circuit safety. Should inadvertently short circuit at any point occur, the extreme thinness of the conductive layer leads to local burning the leading layer. This causes self-healing because this way a short circuit is immediately canceled.

Es ist vorgesehen, daß die Leitschicht der Heizfolie zur Bildung mindestens einer Leitbahn mindestens eine Ausnehmung aufweist, um den Fluß eines Stromes durch die Leitschicht gezielt zu lenken. Es ist weiterhin vorgesehen, daß mindestens eine Leitbahn mindestens einen Schlitz aufweist, um den Fluß eines Stromes durch die Leitbahn gezielt zu lenken.It is envisaged that the conductive layer of the heating foil at least form an interconnect has at least one recess to the flow of a Direct current through the conductive layer. It is also planned that at least one interconnect has at least one slot around the river to direct a current through the interconnect.

Durch diese Strukturierung lassen sich die Temperaturverteilung und die Leistungsdichte in der Heizfolie beeinflussen. Wenn der Strom in mehreren Leitbahnen und / oder Leitstreifen fließt, wird eine Stromkonzentration und somit eine Überhitzung an den Innenseiten von Biegungen vermieden. Gleichzeitig wird die Ausfallsicherheit des Heizelementes durch die Redundanz der Leitbahnen und / oder Leitstreifen erhöht. Wird die Folie beispielsweise in der Sitzfläche eines Fahrzeugsitzes benutzt, knittert die Folie nicht, sondern faltet sich kontrolliert längs der Schlitze. Dadurch ergibt sich ein höherer Sitzkomfort. Die Folie kann sich zudem ohne Überdehnung an größere Belastungen durch Aufspreizen der Schlitze anpassen. Gleichzeitig gestatten die Ausnehmungen und Schlitze einen Durchtritt von Feuchtigkeit durch die Folie. Dies ist beispielsweise zur Klimatisierung der Sitzfläche zweckmäßig.Through this structuring, the temperature distribution and the power density can be influence in the heating foil. If the current is in multiple interconnects and / or conductive strip flows, becomes a current concentration and thus avoid overheating on the inside of bends. simultaneously reliability of the heating element is ensured by the redundancy of the interconnects and / or guiding strips increased. For example, the film is in the seat used in a vehicle seat, the film does not wrinkle, but folds controls along the slots. This results in higher seating comfort. The Film can also spread to larger loads without overstretching adjust the slots. At the same time, the recesses and Slit moisture through the film. For example, this is useful for air conditioning the seat.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, daß an mindestens einem Schlitz (13) mindestens eine Verbindungsstelle (14) vorgesehen ist, an der mindestens zwei beieinander angeordnete Leitstreifen (12) an von ihren jeweiligen Enden (15) beabstandeten Bereichen elektrisch leitend miteinander in Verbindung stehen, indem an den Verbindungsstellen auf eine Durchtrennung der Leitschicht (3) verzichtet ist und an der die verbundenen Leitstreifen (12) auch ohne elektrische Verbindung bei Betrieb des Heizelementes im wesentlichen dasselbe Potential aufweisen würden. Dies vereinfacht die Handhabung des zerschnittenen Heizelements bei der Montage.It is also provided that at least one slot (13) a connection point (14) is provided at which at least two are located together arranged guide strips (12) at a distance from their respective ends (15) Areas are electrically connected to each other by the connection points do not cut through the conductive layer (3) and on the connected guide strips (12) even without an electrical connection have essentially the same potential during operation of the heating element would. This simplifies the handling of the cut heating element assembly.

Es ist sinnvoll, wenn die Trägerschicht aus Kunststoff, insbesondere Polyester, PI, PA, PP oder PC, oder Papier ist, und daß die Leitschicht auf die Trägerschicht aufgedampft, gesputtert oder galvanisiert ist. Dies dient der Gewährleistung einer ausreichenden Beständigkeit gegen verschiedene Medien, z.B. Schweiß oder Limonade, sowie UV-Licht und der Sicherstellung eines niedrigen Produktionspreises. Auch sollte die Leitschicht aus Preisgründen aus Kupfer sein. Sie kann jedoch auch beispielsweise aus Aluminium, Silber oder Nickel gefertigt sein.It makes sense if the carrier layer made of plastic, especially polyester, PI, PA, PP or PC, or paper, and that the conductive layer on the carrier layer is evaporated, sputtered or galvanized. This serves as a guarantee sufficient resistance to various media, e.g. Sweat or lemonade, as well as UV light and ensuring a low one Producer price. The conductive layer should also be made of copper for price reasons his. However, it can also be made of aluminum, silver or nickel, for example be made.

Hohe Stabilität und Funktionalität ergeben sich besonders, wenn die Dicke der Heizfolie zwischen 10 und 300 µm, insbesondere zwischen 20 und 150 µm, und die Dicke der Leitschicht zwischen 0,05 pm und 10 µm, insbesondere zwischen 0,05 µm und 1 µm, liegt.High stability and functionality result especially when the thickness of the Heating film between 10 and 300 microns, especially between 20 and 150 microns, and the thickness of the conductive layer between 0.05 pm and 10 microns, in particular between 0.05 µm and 1 µm.

Zur Gewährleistung der Betriebssicherheit auch unter starken Belastungen ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Dehnbarkeit der Heizfolie relativ groß -also größer als die Dehnbarkeit einer Metallfolie gleicher Dicke- ist und wenn die Leitschicht durch eine Deckschicht abgedeckt ist.To ensure operational safety even under heavy loads it is expedient if the stretchability of the heating foil is relatively large, and therefore greater than the ductility of a metal foil of the same thickness - and if the conductive layer is covered by a cover layer.

Zur gleichmäßigen Stromverteilung in der Heizfolie ist zweckmäßig, wenn mindestens zwei Leitstreifen jeweils in etwa die gleiche Gesamtlänge aufweisen. Sind mehrerer Leitbahnen vorgesehen, so ist zweckmäßig, daß mindestens zwei Leitbahnen jeweils in etwa die gleiche Gesamtlänge aufweisen.For uniform current distribution in the heating foil is useful if at least two guiding strips each have approximately the same total length. If several interconnects are provided, it is advisable that at least two interconnects each have approximately the same total length.

Zur Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit der Heizfolie ist es nützlich, wenn Schlitze bzw. Ausnehmungen senkrecht zu mechanischen Dehn-Betastungsrichtungen verlaufen.To improve the resilience of the heating foil, it is useful if there are slits or recesses perpendicular to mechanical stretching directions run.

Um eine lokale Anpassung der Flächenleistung und somit der Temperaturverteilung zu bewirken, ist es zweckmäßig, daß die Breite und / oder die Dicke zumindest eines Leitstreifens bzw. einer Leitbahn über deren Längsverlauf variiert. Dadurch lassen sich Bereiche mit höheren oder niedrigeren Temperaturen gezielt einstellen.A local adjustment of the area performance and thus the temperature distribution to effect, it is appropriate that the width and / or the thickness at least one guiding strip or one guideway varies over its longitudinal course. This allows areas with higher or lower temperatures set specifically.

Es ist besonders zweckmäßig, wenn die Heizfolie in die Sitzfläche und / oder Lehnenfläche eines Fahrzeugsitzes integriert ist. Wegen ihrer einfachen Verarbeitbarkeit ist die Folie für diese Zwecke gut geeignet.It is particularly useful if the heating foil in the seat and / or Backrest surface of a vehicle seat is integrated. Because of their easy processability the film is well suited for this purpose.

Zur Erhöhung der Funktionalität des Heizelementes ist es vorteilhaft, wenn zumindest ein Teil der Leitschicht nicht oder nicht nur dem Heizen dient sondern der Stromversorgung weiterer elektrischer Funktionselemente, insbesondere von Sensoren. To increase the functionality of the heating element, it is advantageous if at least a part of the conductive layer is not used or not only for heating but the power supply of further electrical functional elements, in particular of sensors.

Es ist zweckmäßig, daß die Trägerschicht und die Deckschicht an den Rändern zumindest eines Schlitzes bzw. einer Ausnehmung stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Korrosion der Leitschicht wird so vorgebeugt.It is expedient that the carrier layer and the top layer at the edges at least one slot or recess integrally with one another are connected. This prevents corrosion of the conductive layer.

Aus dem gleichen Grund ist es nützlich, wenn die Trägerschicht und / oder die Deckschicht auch mindestens einen Schlitz bzw. eine Ausnehmung vollständig überdecken.For the same reason it is useful if the backing layer and / or the Cover layer also completely at least one slot or a recess cover.

Figurencharacters

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung behandelt Möglichkeiten zur Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. Diese Erläuterungen sind nur beispielhaft zu verstehen und erfolgen unter Bezug auf:

Fig. 1
Vergrößerter Querschnitt durch eine Heizfolie
Fig. 2
Verkleinerte Draufsicht auf ein erstes Heizelement unter Benutzung der Heizfolie von Figur 1.
Fig. 3
Draufsicht auf ein zweites Heizelement
Fig. 4
Draufsicht auf ein drittes Heizelement.
The following description deals with options for designing the invention. These explanations are only to be understood as examples and refer to:
Fig. 1
Enlarged cross section through a heating foil
Fig. 2
Reduced plan view of a first heating element using the heating foil from FIG. 1.
Fig. 3
Top view of a second heating element
Fig. 4
Top view of a third heating element.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Heizfolie 1 eines Heizelementes. Die Heizfolie 1 besitzt eine Trägerschicht 2. Diese Trägerschicht 2 ist aus einem elektrisch nicht leitenden, elastischen, glatten, zugbelastbaren und knickfesten Material. Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird dafür Kunststoff - nämlich Polyester - verwendet.Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of a heating foil 1 of a heating element. The heating foil 1 has a carrier layer 2. This Carrier layer 2 is made of an electrically non-conductive, elastic, smooth, tensile and kink-resistant material. In the embodiment, this is used Plastic - namely polyester - used.

Auf die Trägerschicht 2 ist eine dünne, elektrisch leitfähige Leitschicht 3 abgeschieden. Diese L eitschicht 3 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Metall, insbesondere Kupfer. Sie ist zweckmäßigerweise aufgedampft. Ihre Dicke beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel 0,1 µm. A thin, electrically conductive conductive layer 3 is deposited on the carrier layer 2. This L eitschicht 3 is preferably made of a metal, in particular Copper. It is expediently vapor-deposited. Its thickness is in Embodiment 0.1 microns.

Auf der der Trägerschicht 2 abgewandten Seite der Leitschicht 3, ist eine Deckschicht 4 aufgebracht. Die Deckschicht 4 besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus dem gleichen Material wie die Trägerschicht 2. Sie ist durch Verpressen mit der Leitschicht 3 verbunden.On the side of the conductive layer 3 facing away from the carrier layer 2 there is a cover layer 4 applied. In the exemplary embodiment, the cover layer 4 consists of the same material as the carrier layer 2. It is by pressing with the Conductor layer 3 connected.

Die Funktion der Deckschicht 4 besteht darin, die Leitschicht 3 vor Korrosion zu schützen. Gleichzeitig soll sie ein Knicken und Verkratzen der Leitschicht 3 verhindern. Dies wird unter anderem dadurch sichergestellt, daß durch die größere Foliendicke der Knickradius begrenzt ist.The function of the cover layer 4 is to protect the conductive layer 3 from corrosion protect. At the same time, it is intended to prevent the conductive layer 3 from buckling and scratching. This is ensured, among other things, by the fact that the larger Film thickness of the bending radius is limited.

Figur 2 stellt ein Heizelement dar, bei welchem eine Heizfolie 1 an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Randbereichen Kontaktbereiche 16 aufweist. Diese sind über Anschlüsse 17 mit einer nicht dargestellten Stromquelle verbunden.Figure 2 shows a heating element in which a heating foil 1 on two each other opposite edge regions has contact regions 16. This are connected via terminals 17 to a power source, not shown.

An den Kontaktbereichen 16 sind metallische Bänder vorgesehen, die über ihre gesamte Länge elektrisch leitend mit der Leitschicht 3 der Heizfolie 1 verbunden sind.At the contact areas 16 metallic bands are provided, which over their Entire length electrically connected to the conductive layer 3 of the heating film 1 are.

Im Betrieb wird der Strom vom einen Anschluß 17 über die gesamte Länge des einen Kontaktbereiches 16 in die Heizfolie 1 eingespeist. Er fließt dann über die gesamte Breite der Heizfolie 1 zum gegenüberliegenden Kontaktbereich 16. Die Länge und Breite der Heizfolie 1 sowie die Dicke der Leitschicht 3 bestimmt die Leistung des Heizelementes. Unter Länge wird hier der Abstand zwischen den beiden Kontaktbereichen 16 verstanden, unter Breite die hierzu senkrecht in Folienebene liegende Ausdehnung der Folie. Die Leistungsdichte des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels liegt zwischen 1 und 10 W/dm2.In operation, the current is fed from a connection 17 into the heating foil 1 over the entire length of the one contact area 16. It then flows over the entire width of the heating foil 1 to the opposite contact area 16. The length and width of the heating foil 1 and the thickness of the conductive layer 3 determine the performance of the heating element. Here, length is understood to mean the distance between the two contact areas 16, and width is the extent of the film lying perpendicularly in the film plane. The power density of the present exemplary embodiment is between 1 and 10 W / dm 2 .

Figur 3 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Heizelementes. Das Heizelement weist eine Heizfolie 1 auf. Diese weist an einem ihrer seitlichen Randbereiche zwei Kontaktbereiche 16 auf. Die beiden Kontaktbereiche 16 sind dabei gegeneinander beabstandet und durch eine Ausnehmung 11 voneinander getrennt. An jedem dieser Kontaktbereiche 16 ist die Leitschicht 3 mit einer nicht dargestellten Stromquelle verbunden.Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a heating element. The heating element has a heating foil 1. This shows on one of its lateral edge areas two contact areas 16. The two contact areas 16 are included spaced apart and separated from one another by a recess 11. At each of these contact areas 16, the conductive layer 3 is not one shown power source connected.

Die Leitschicht 3 ist durch Ausnehmungen 11 gegliedert, um eine Leitbahn 10 zu bilden. Diese verbindet die zwei Kontaktbereiche 16 in einer gewundenen, ununterbrochenen Schleife elektrisch leitend miteinander. Die Leitbahn 10 kann dabei wie im Ausführungsbeispiel im wesentlichen die gesamte Fläche der Heizfolie überdecken.The conductive layer 3 is divided by recesses 11 around a conductive path 10 to build. This connects the two contact areas 16 in a tortuous, continuous loop electrically conductive with each other. The interconnect 10 can thereby, as in the exemplary embodiment, essentially the entire area of the Cover the heating foil.

Die Leitbahn 10 ist ihrerseits in mehrere Leitstreifen 12 untergliedert. Die Leitstreifen 12 verlaufen im wesentlichen parallel zur Leitbahn 10 und somit parallel zur Stromflußrichtung. Sie sind durch Schlitze 13 voneinander getrennt.The guideway 10 is in turn subdivided into several guiding strips 12. The guiding lines 12 run essentially parallel to the interconnect 10 and thus parallel to the direction of current flow. They are separated from one another by slots 13.

Bei Betrieb dieser Heizfolie fließt der Strom vom einen Kontaktbereich 16 durch die Leitbahn 10 in zum anderen Kontaktbereich 16 und erwärmt dabei die Heizfolie 1.When this heating foil is in operation, the current flows through a contact area 16 the interconnect 10 in to the other contact area 16 and thereby heats the heating foil 1.

Die Unterteilung der Leitbahn 10 in mehrere Leitstreifen 12 bewirkt, daß d er Strom auch bei Richtungswechseln der Leitbahn 10 gleichmäßig verteilt über die gesamte Breite der Leitbahn 10 fließt. Anderenfalls würde an einer Biegung der Leitbahn 10 eine Stromkonzentration und somit eine Überhitzung an der Innenseite der Biegung auftreten.The subdivision of the interconnect 10 into several conductive strips 12 has the effect that the Current evenly distributed over changes in direction of the interconnect 10 the entire width of the interconnect 10 flows. Otherwise, there would be a bend the conductor 10 a current concentration and thus overheating at the Occur inside the bend.

Eine etwa gleiche Gesamtlänge der Leitstreifen 12 bewirkt gleich große Widerstände der einzelnen Leitstreifen 12. Auch dies dient einer gleichmäßigen Stromverteilung auf die einzelnen Leitstreifen und einer gleichmäßigen Temperaturverteilung.An approximately equal total length of the guide strips 12 causes the same resistance of the individual guiding strips 12. This also serves a uniform Current distribution on the individual guiding strips and an even temperature distribution.

Die A usführungsform von F ig. 4 e ntspricht im wesentlichen d er Bauform von Fig. 3. Bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform sind jedoch Verbindungsstellen 14 vorgesehen. Diese verbinden beieinander angeordnete Leitstreifen 12. Die Verbindungsstellen 14 sind an solchen Positionen angeordnet, an denen die miteinander verbundenen Leitstreifen 12 auch ohne Verbindung ein ähnliches elektrisches Potential aufweisen würden. Die Verbindungsstellen sind im Ausführungsbeispiel so hergestellt, daß an diesen Stellen auf eine Durchtrennung der Leitschicht 3 wie bei den Ausnehmungen 11 und den Schlitzen 13 verzichtet wurde.The embodiment of Fig. 4 essentially corresponds to the design of Fig. 3. In the present embodiment, however, are junctions 14 provided. These connect guiding strips 12 arranged with one another. The connection points 14 are arranged at positions at which the interconnected guiding strips 12 are similar without connection would have electrical potential. The connection points are in Embodiment manufactured so that a cut at these points the conductive layer 3 as in the recesses 11 and the slots 13 was waived.

Die Verbindungsstellen 14 sind im Verlauf der Leitstreifen 12 und beabstandet zu den Enden 15 der Leitstreifen 12 angeordnet.The connection points 14 are spaced in the course of the guide strips 12 and arranged to the ends 15 of the guide strips 12.

Die Heizfolie eignet sich auch für einen Einsatz insbesondere in KFZ-Sitzen. Dazu kann sie in die Sitzfläche und / oder Lehnenfläche integriert sein. Dies kann beispielsweise unterhalb des Sitzbezuges oder in der Polsterung des Sitzes erfolgen. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, sie mit dem Sitzbezug zu kombinieren oder den Sitzbezug durch die Folie selbst zu ersetzen.The heating foil is also suitable for use in particular in car seats. For this purpose, it can be integrated in the seat surface and / or backrest surface. This can for example below the seat cover or in the upholstery of the seat respectively. However, it is also conceivable to combine them with the seat cover or to replace the seat cover with the film itself.

Es ist dabei sinnvoll, die Temperaturverteilung in der Folie der Anatomie des Sitzbenutzers anzupassen und bestimmte Bereiche verstärkt zu beheizen oder andere Bereiche von einer Erwärmung auszunehmen.It makes sense to determine the temperature distribution in the film of the anatomy of the Adapt the seat user and to heat or heat certain areas exclude other areas from warming.

Auch können Sensoren in der Sitzfläche vorgesehen sein. Die Leitschicht kann in diesem Fall dazu genutzt werden, die Sensoren mit Strom zu versorgen und deren Signale weiterzuleiten. Dazu können entweder die Heizleiter genutzt oder separate Leitbahnen geschaffen werden. Diese Sensoren können beispielsweise der Temperaturmessung oder der Druckerfassung dienen.Sensors can also be provided in the seat. The leading layer can in this case can be used to supply the sensors with power and forward their signals. Either the heating conductor can be used for this or separate interconnects are created. These sensors can, for example serve for temperature measurement or pressure measurement.

Die Leitschicht 3 kann statt durch Bedampfung auch durch Galvanisieren oder ähnliche chemische oder physikalische Verfahren auf der Trägerschicht 2 abgeschieden werden.The conductive layer 3 can also by galvanizing or by vapor deposition Similar chemical or physical processes are deposited on the carrier layer 2 become.

Die Verbindung zwischen Leitschicht 3 und Trägerschicht 2 kann auch durch Kleben oder ähnliches hergestellt werden. The connection between the conductive layer 3 and the carrier layer 2 can also be achieved by Glue or the like can be produced.

Die Deckschicht 4 kann aus einem anderen Material als die Trägerschicht 2 z. B. aus einem Lack-Überzug bestehen. Es wäre auch denkbar, die Deckschicht 4 wegzulassen.The cover layer 4 can be made of a different material than the carrier layer 2 z. B. consist of a lacquer coating. It would also be conceivable for the top layer 4 omitted.

Zur Erhöhung der Luftdurchlässigkeit kann die Folie perforiert sein, oder die Breite der Schlitze vergrößert werden.To increase the air permeability, the film can be perforated or the Width of the slots can be increased.

Statt einer Leitbahn 10 könnten auch mehrere Leitbahnen vorgesehen sein. Auch könnten die Leitstreifen 12 ihrerseits weiter untergliedert sein. Das Prinzip der gleich großen Widerstände durch gleiche Gesamtlängen läßt sich auch hier anwenden.Instead of one interconnect 10, several interconnects could also be provided. The guiding strips 12 could in turn be further subdivided. The principle the same size resistances due to the same total lengths can also be found here apply.

Es wäre auch möglich, die Ausnehmungen 11 und Schlitze 13 zu verbreitern. Die Schlitze 11 könnten die Form größerer Aussparungen annehmen. Dadurch kann die Flächendeckung der Leitschicht 3 deutlich geringer sein und der als Heizfläche genutzte Bereich beispielsweise nur 50% der Heizfolienfläche betragen.It would also be possible to widen the recesses 11 and slots 13. The slots 11 could take the form of larger recesses. Thereby the area coverage of the conductive layer 3 can be significantly less and than Area used heating area, for example, only 50% of the heating foil area be.

Die Ausnehmungen 11 und Schlitze 13 können die Heizfolie 1 in ihrer gesamten Dicke durchdringen. Zur Erhöhung der Stabilität und Vereinfachung der Handhabung können die Trägerschicht 2 und / oder die Deckschicht 4 die Ausnehmungen 11 und Schlitze 13 jedoch auch vollständig überdecken. In diesen Bereichen könnten die Trägerschicht 2 und die Deckschicht 4 z.B. durch Verkleben auch stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sein.The recesses 11 and slots 13 can the heating film 1 in its entirety Penetrate thick. To increase stability and simplify the The carrier layer 2 and / or the cover layer 4 can handle the recesses 11 and slots 13, however, also completely cover. In these Areas the carrier layer 2 and the cover layer 4 could e.g. by gluing also be integrally connected.

Die Strukturierung der Leitschicht 3 kann mit gängigen Verfahren, wie z. B. Schneiden, erfolgen.The structuring of the conductive layer 3 can be carried out using conventional methods, such as, for. B. Cutting, done.

Claims (12)

  1. Heating element with a heating foil (1) which has an electrically non-conductive carrier layer (2) and a conductive layer (3), the conductive layer (3) being a metal layer precipitated on the carrier layer (2), and the conductive layer (3) of the heating foil (1) having at least one recess (11) for forming at least one conductive track (10), in order to guide the flow of a current through the conductive layer (3) in a controlled manner, and at least one conductive track (10) having at least one slot (13), in order to guide the flow of a current through the conductive track (10) in a controlled manner and in order to form conductive strips (12), characterized in that, at at least one slot (13), at least one connection point (14) is provided, at which at least two conductive strips (12) arranged next to one another are connected electrically conductively to one another at regions spaced apart from their respective ends (15), in that a severance of the conductive layer (3) is dispensed with at the connection points, and at which the connected conductive strips (12), even without electrical connection, would have essentially the same potential where a heating element is in operation.
  2. Heating element according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least two conductive tracks (10) have approximately the same overall length, and/or in that at least two conductive strips (12) have in each case approximately the same overall length.
  3. Heating element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrier layer (2) is made from plastic, in particular polyester, PI, PA, PP or PC, or from paper, and in that the conductive layer (3) is vapour-deposited, sputtered or electroplated onto the carrier layer (2).
  4. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive layer (3) is made from copper, aluminium, silver, gold or nickel.
  5. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the heating foil (1) is between 10 and 300 µm, in particular 20 and 150 µm, and the thickness of the conductive layer (3) is between 0.05 µm and 10 µm, in particular between 0.05 µm and 1 µm.
  6. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extensibility of the heating foil (1) is greater than the extensibility of a metal foil of the same thickness, and in that the conductive layer (3) is covered by a covering layer (4).
  7. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slots (13) or the recesses (11) run perpendicularly to the directions of mechanical tensile load.
  8. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width and/or the thickness of at least one conductive strip (12) or one conductive track (10) varies over its longitudinal run, in order to bring about a local adaptation of the surface power.
  9. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (2) and the covering layer (4) are connected to one another in a materially integral manner at the edges of at least one slot (13) or one recess (11).
  10. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (2) and/or the covering layer (4) also completely cover at least one slot (13) or one recess (11).
  11. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the conductive layer (3) serves for the supply of current to further electrical operating elements, in particular sensors.
  12. Vehicle seat with a seat surface and/or a backrest surface, characterized in that a heating element according to one of the preceding claims is integrated into the seat surface and/or into the backrest surface.
EP20010103783 1999-08-20 2001-02-16 Heating element Expired - Lifetime EP1180915B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939174A DE19939174A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Heating element for integration into the seating surface or backrest surface of an automotive vehicle, includes electrically nonconductive support layer and conductive layer
JP2000247612A JP2001110554A (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-17 Heating element
JP2000247612 2000-08-17
US642167 2000-08-18
US09/642,167 US6686562B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Heating element

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1180915A2 EP1180915A2 (en) 2002-02-20
EP1180915A3 EP1180915A3 (en) 2002-06-19
EP1180915B1 true EP1180915B1 (en) 2004-05-19

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10259110B3 (en) * 2002-12-18 2004-07-22 Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh Plate element with heated surface coating e.g. heated window, room heating panel or surface heating element for domestic appliance, with coating divided into sectors for uniform heat distribution
DE102004018109B3 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-06-16 Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh Plate element with conductor structure, e.g. for resistance heating in radiation heating bodies, has multipole plug connector element with non-conducting body permanently connected to plate element, inserted in peripheral/end opening

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR870005921A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-07-07 노부오 사수가 Conductive glass plate
DE4321474C2 (en) * 1993-06-28 1996-05-23 Ruthenberg Gmbh Waermetechnik Surface heating element

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EP1180915A2 (en) 2002-02-20

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