EP3127855A1 - Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform - Google Patents

Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3127855A1
EP3127855A1 EP16182532.8A EP16182532A EP3127855A1 EP 3127855 A1 EP3127855 A1 EP 3127855A1 EP 16182532 A EP16182532 A EP 16182532A EP 3127855 A1 EP3127855 A1 EP 3127855A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
working cylinder
hydraulic pump
hydraulic
frequency converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16182532.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3127855B1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Rischke
Martin KOLM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sherpa Autodiagnostik GmbH
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Sherpa Autodiagnostik GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3127855A1 publication Critical patent/EP3127855A1/en
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Publication of EP3127855B1 publication Critical patent/EP3127855B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
    • B66F7/08—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement hydraulically or pneumatically operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
    • B66F7/065—Scissor linkages, i.e. X-configuration
    • B66F7/0658—Multiple scissor linkages horizontally arranged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20538—Type of pump constant capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6651—Control of the prime mover, e.g. control of the output torque or rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/775—Combined control, e.g. control of speed and force for providing a high speed approach stroke with low force followed by a low speed working stroke with high force, e.g. for a hydraulic press
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/85—Control during special operating conditions
    • F15B2211/851—Control during special operating conditions during starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/85—Control during special operating conditions
    • F15B2211/853—Control during special operating conditions during stopping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive for an electrohydraulically driven lifting device, in particular a lift and a lift, which comprises such a drive, and a method for operating an electro-hydraulic drive for a lifting device.
  • the present invention relates to a drive for an electro-hydraulically operated scissor lift and a scissor lift with such a drive for vehicles, for example those weighing up to 4.2t.
  • the invention is not limited to scissor lifts or those for vehicles with a weight up to 4.2t, but can be used for other types of electrohydraulically driven lifting or lifting platform.
  • the invention may be used for mounting platforms or tire changing platforms with swivel arm lifting mechanisms actuated by one or more hydraulic cylinders.
  • the invention can be used for electro-hydraulically operated lifts for motorcycles or trucks or tractors or towing vehicles, i. for lighter or heavier vehicles weighing less than or equal to 4.2t.
  • the invention for other electro-hydraulically driven lifts can be used, for example, for stamping lifts, with a centrally located punch (hydraulic cylinder), for two- or four-column lifts with a respective hydraulic cylinder for each column, for Einpfostenhebebhen and for four pillar lifts, where hydraulic cylinders the two rails raised by means of steel cables and pulleys.
  • the invention can generally be used for electrohydraulically operated lifting devices.
  • Scissor lifts typically include paired scissor arms, each pair of which has a main scissor arm and a counter scissor arm, the arms of each pair being pivotally interconnected in the center so that they can rotate about a horizontal axis relative to one another.
  • the lower end of the main scissors arm is stationary but rotatably fixed in the bottom area.
  • the lower end of the counter-scissor arm is displaceable in the horizontal direction when opening the scissors.
  • the upper end of the counter-scissor arm is rotatably but stationarily mounted on a rail, while the upper end of the main scissor arm is guided horizontally movably on the rail.
  • an electro-hydraulic drive For loading the or each hydraulic cylinder, an electro-hydraulic drive is provided.
  • a drive comprises at least one electric motor, at least one hydraulic pump and a control device, via which a user controls the energization of the motor and the valves present in the system.
  • the pump When the electric motor is turned on, the pump is driven and pumps hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder, whereupon it extends and, as a result, the two mutually associated scissor arms are pivoted relative to each other; That the pair of scissors opens.
  • the rail or the rails or the support arms are raised vertically with a possibly thereon load in a horizontal position.
  • the present invention is based on the object to improve the previous electro-hydraulic drive and preferably reduce the overall cost.
  • a combination of a gear pump and a smaller sized driven via an inverter electric motor can generate output pressures on the pump, on the one hand provide the necessary at the beginning of the extension of the scissor lift in a first extension of the working cylinder high forces and allowing a slow, smooth initial lifting of the load despite the unfavorable leverages, and on the other hand allowing a quick extension in a second extension of the working cylinder over the longest part of the stroke and ultimately allowing a gentle deceleration to the final position in a third extension of the working cylinder.
  • the combination of a frequency converter controlled electric motor and a hydraulic pump makes it possible to omit one of the two electric motors and the hydraulic pump driven by it, which saves costs and space and indeed significantly more cost than the frequency caused.
  • the frequency converter can operate at a high voltage in a low speed range from the frequency converter without unduly exceeding the rating of the electric motor. As a result, the output torque of the electric motor at low speed and thus the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump (s) can be increased. As a result, the extension of the hydraulic cylinder in the first region at low speed can be positively influenced in order to achieve the desired smooth start under unfavorable leverage.
  • the at least one hydraulic pump is a positive-displacement pump, in particular a gear pump, whose flow rate is approximately proportional to the rotational speed of the electric motor.
  • the hydraulic circuit comprises two hydraulic pumps or a double pump driven by an electric motor.
  • an electric motor with 4 kW (instead of two such electric motors as previously required).
  • each hydraulic pump or each branch of the double pump pressurizes at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid.
  • control means for controlling the frequency converter and therefore the speed of the electric motor controls it in a third extension range, in the final phase of extension of the hydraulic cylinders, i. the lifting of the stage, with a decreasing speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed.
  • the electric motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor.
  • the frequency converter of the electric motor operates with a vector control.
  • the phases of the electric motor impressed three-phase current are shifted so that the supplied torque from the electric motor is increased at low speed, whereby the delivered output pressure of the hydraulic pump (s) can be further increased, and thereby the extension of the hydraulic cylinder in the first extension range at low Speed can be positively influenced to achieve the desired smooth start under unfavorable leverage.
  • a working cylinder is provided which raises both sides of the lift together.
  • two additional working cylinders are provided, of which one each lifts a lifting device of the lifting platform.
  • the invention also provides a method for operating a drive for a lifting device, in particular for a lift or scissor lift, which provides a hydraulic circuit with at least one hydraulic pump, which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump, a frequency converter for Controlling the electric motor and a control device for controlling the frequency converter, comprising the following steps: controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor by the control device, so that the electric motor is driven in a first region at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump the at least one working cylinder extends at a lower speed, and is driven in a second region at a higher speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump, the at least one Arb cylinder expands faster.
  • the method comprises the further step of controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor by the control device so that the electric motor is driven in a third region at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump decreases the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed extending.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a scissor lift 10 according to the invention in an intermediate position, ie between a fully retracted and a fully extended position.
  • the scissor lift 10 comprises two left main scissors arms 14l, 14l 'and two left scissor arms 16l, 161' and two right main scissor arms 14r, 14r 'and two right counter scissors arms 16r, 16r', each rotatable on the left side and right side in the center M about an axis H. connected to each other, so that the main scissor arms and counter-scissor arms can rotate relative to each other about a horizontal axis H.
  • the lower end of the left main scissor arms 141, 14l ' is fixed but rotatable in the bottom area, for example fixed to the bottom of a left pit.
  • the lower end of the left counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l ' is displaceable in the horizontal direction in the left pit.
  • the lower end of the right main scissor arms 14r, 14r ' is fixed but rotatably fixed in the bottom area, for example at the bottom of a right pit.
  • the upper end of the left counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l ' is rotatably but fixedly mounted on a left rail 12l, while the upper end of the associated left main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'on the left rail 12l is guided horizontally movable.
  • the upper end of the right-hand counter-scissor arms 16r, 16r ' is rotatably but fixedly mounted on a right-hand rail 12r, while the upper end of the associated right-hand main scissor arms 14r, 14r' on the right-hand rail 12r is guided to be horizontally movable.
  • DGr from the midpoints M of the counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l ' or 16r, 16r 'is, in each case two left working cylinder 18l, 18l' and two right working cylinder 18r, 18r 'hinged.
  • This scissor lift 10 which is divided into left and right halves, leaves a space between the left and right scissor arms so that workshop personnel can pass unhindered between the scissor arms and have access to the underside of a vehicle resting on the tracks.
  • the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' are supplied with hydraulic oil via hoses, not shown, by a double pump 26l, 26r designed as a double gear pump.
  • the maximum operating pressure is 240 bar.
  • Each pump branch is, for example, designed to deliver 4.8 cc / rev or 6.6 l / min.
  • the drive of the double pump 26l, 26r via a single formed as a three-phase asynchronous electric motor 22, which is connected directly to the double pump 26l, 26r.
  • the rated power of the electric motor 22 is 4 kW.
  • the electric motor 22 is controlled via a frequency converter 24, which in turn can be activated by an operator via a control device 20.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a hydraulic circuit 30 with the double pump 26l, 26r, the electric motor 22, the frequency converter 24 and the control device 20th according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the drive comprises the part of the hydraulic circuit 30 below the dot-dash line A --- A.
  • the part of the hydraulic circuit 30 above the dot-dash line A --- A is assigned to the scissor lift 10 itself.
  • the driven by the controller 20 and the frequency converter 24 electric motor 22 drives the double pump 26l, 26r.
  • the double pump 26l, 26r pushes hydraulic oil through respective left and right pressure pipes 32l, 32r respectively associated with the left and right working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' via left and right working cylinder valves 34l, 34l ', 34r, 34r '.
  • two post-elevating cylinders 42l, 42r, one for the left side and one for the right side of left and right post-lifting means 40l, 40r may be connected to the post-elevating valves 44l, 44r and the pressure lines 32l, 32r by the double pump 26l, 26r with hydraulic oil be charged.
  • the lowering of the lift 10 is carried out with the electric motor 22 under the weight of the lift and possibly the vehicle thereon by opening the proportional valves 36l, 36r, whereby the hydraulic oil does not flow through the pressure lines 32l, 32r in the direction of the pump, but through the line branches after the proportional valves 36l, 36r in a tank 38th
  • the operation of the scissors lift 10 is as follows. After an operator has switched on the scissors lift 10 by an input to the control device 20, this first controls the frequency converter 24 and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 such that the electric motor 22 rotates in a first region at a lower speed, so that the double pump 26l , 26r extends the four power cylinders 181, 181 ', 18r, 18r' at a lower speed in a first region of the stroke.
  • the control device 20 controls the frequency converter 24 and thus the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 such that the electric motor 22 in a second region with a higher speed rotates, so that the double pump 26l, 26r the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' extends faster in a second region of the stroke.
  • the controller 20 controls the frequency converter 24 in a third region of the stroke such that the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 gently decreases, so that the scissor lift 10 also expires smoothly.
  • the lowering of the scissor lift 10 takes place when the electric motor 22 is switched off by opening a left and right proportional valve 36l, 36r.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebsaggregat für eine Hebebühne, insbesondere eine Scherenhebebühne, das einen Hydraulikkreis mit mindestens einer Hydraulikpumpe, die mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt, und einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mindestens einen Hydraulikpumpe, einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Elektromotors, und eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors, damit dieser in einem ersten Bereich mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt, und in einem zweiten Bereich mit einer höheren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder schneller ausfährt, umfasst. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Scherenhebebühne, die ein solches Antriebsaggregat umfasst, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebs für eine Scherenhebebühne.The invention relates to a drive unit for a lift, in particular a scissor lift, comprising a hydraulic circuit with at least one hydraulic pump which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, and an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump, a frequency converter for driving the electric motor, and a control device for Controlling the frequency converter and therefore the speed of the electric motor, so that it is driven in a first region at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder at a lower speed, and is driven in a second region at a higher speed such in that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder faster. The invention also relates to a scissor lift comprising such a power plant and to a method of operating a scissor lift operator.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Antriebs für eine elektrohydraulisch angetriebene Hebeeinrichtung, insbesondere Hebebühne und eine Hebebühne, die einen derartigen Antrieb umfasst, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrohydraulischen Antriebs für eine Hebeeinrichtung.The present invention relates to a drive for an electrohydraulically driven lifting device, in particular a lift and a lift, which comprises such a drive, and a method for operating an electro-hydraulic drive for a lifting device.

Im Besonderen betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Antrieb für eine elektrohydraulisch betriebene Scherenhebebühne und eine Scherenhebebühne mit einem solchen Antrieb für Fahrzeuge, zum Beispiel solche mit einem Gewicht bis zu 4,2t. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht beschränkt auf Scherenhebebühnen oder solche für Fahrzeuge mit einem Gewicht bis zu 4,2t, sondern kann für andere Arten von elektrohydraulisch angetriebenen Hebeeinrichtung bzw. Hebebühne verwendet werden. Zum Beispiel kann die Erfindung für Montagebühnen oder Reifenwechselbühnen mit Schwenkarmhebemechanismen verwendet werden, die von einem oder mehreren Hydraulikzylindern betätigt werden. Ferner kann die Erfindung für elektrohydraulisch betriebene Hebebühnen für Motorräder oder Lkw's oder Traktoren oder Schleppfahrzeuge verwendet werden, d.h. für leichtere oder schwerere Fahrzeuge mit einem Gewicht unterhalb oder oberhalb von 4,2t.In particular, the present invention relates to a drive for an electro-hydraulically operated scissor lift and a scissor lift with such a drive for vehicles, for example those weighing up to 4.2t. However, the invention is not limited to scissor lifts or those for vehicles with a weight up to 4.2t, but can be used for other types of electrohydraulically driven lifting or lifting platform. For example, the invention may be used for mounting platforms or tire changing platforms with swivel arm lifting mechanisms actuated by one or more hydraulic cylinders. Furthermore, the invention can be used for electro-hydraulically operated lifts for motorcycles or trucks or tractors or towing vehicles, i. for lighter or heavier vehicles weighing less than or equal to 4.2t.

Darüber hinaus kann die Erfindung für andere elektrohydraulisch angetriebene Hebebühnen verwendet werden, zum Beispiel für Einstempelhebebühnen, mit einem mittig angeordnetem Stempel (Hydraulikzylinder), für Zwei- oder Viersäulen Hebebühnen mit einem jeweiligen Hydraulikzylinder für jede Säule, für Einpfostenhebebühnen sowie für Viersäulenhebebühnen, bei denen ein Hydraulikzylinder die zwei Fahrschienen mittels Stahlseilen und Umlenkrollen anhebt. Auch kann die Erfindung allgemein für elektrohydraulisch betätigte Hebeeinrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen.In addition, the invention for other electro-hydraulically driven lifts can be used, for example, for stamping lifts, with a centrally located punch (hydraulic cylinder), for two- or four-column lifts with a respective hydraulic cylinder for each column, for Einpfostenhebebhnen and for four pillar lifts, where hydraulic cylinders the two rails raised by means of steel cables and pulleys. Also, the invention can generally be used for electrohydraulically operated lifting devices.

Die Anmelderin stellt Scherenhebebühnen für den professionellen Einsatz in Werkstätten und Prüfinstitutionen her. Scherenhebebühnen umfassen üblicherweise paarweise angeordnete Scherenarme, von denen jedes Paar einen Hauptscherenarm und einem Gegenscherenarmaufweist, wobei die Arme eines jeden Paares in der Mitte drehbar miteinander verbunden sind, sodass sie sich zueinander um eine horizontale Achse drehen können. Das untere Ende des Hauptscherenarms ist ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich fixiert. Das untere Ende des Gegenscherenarms ist in horizontaler Richtung beim Öffnen der Schere verlagerbar. Das obere Ende des Gegenscherenarms ist an einer Schiene drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende des Hauptscherenarms an der Schiene horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Zwischen zwei Drehpunkten, von denen der eine sich im Bereich des unteren Drehpunktes des Hauptscherenarms befindet und der andere sich etwas versetzt von dem Mittelpunkt des Gegenscherenarms befindet und über ein Hebelarm am Gegenscherenarm angreift, sind die beiden entgegengesetzten Enden eines Hydraulikzylinders, das Kolbenende und das Zylinderende, angelenkt. Bei größeren Scherenhebebühnen dieser Art sind üblicherweise auf der linken und rechten Seiten der Scherenhebebühne jeweilige Fahrschienen sowie mindestens jeweils ein Paar Scherenarme, d.h. ein Hauptscherenarm und ein Gegenscherenarm, häufig auch zwei Paar Scherenarme vorgesehen. Bei solchen Konstruktionen kommt üblicherweise auf jeder Seite der Scherenhebebühne ein Hydraulikzylinder zum Einsatz, insgesamt also zwei Hydraulikzylinder.The applicant manufactures scissor lifts for professional use in workshops and testing institutes. Scissor lifts typically include paired scissor arms, each pair of which has a main scissor arm and a counter scissor arm, the arms of each pair being pivotally interconnected in the center so that they can rotate about a horizontal axis relative to one another. The lower end of the main scissors arm is stationary but rotatably fixed in the bottom area. The lower end of the counter-scissor arm is displaceable in the horizontal direction when opening the scissors. The upper end of the counter-scissor arm is rotatably but stationarily mounted on a rail, while the upper end of the main scissor arm is guided horizontally movably on the rail. Between two pivot points, one of which is in the region of the lower pivot point of the main scissors arm and the other is slightly offset from the center of the counter-scissor arm and engages a lever arm on the counter-scissor arm, the two opposite ends of a hydraulic cylinder, the piston end and the cylinder end , hinged. For larger scissor lifts of this type are usually on the left and right sides of the scissor lift respective rails and at least one pair of scissor arms, i. a main scissor arm and a counter scissor arm, often also provided two pairs of scissor arms. In such constructions is usually on each side of the scissor lift a hydraulic cylinder used, a total of two hydraulic cylinders.

Zu erwähnen ist auch, dass auch kleinere Scherenhebebühnen bekannt sind, die für Motorräder ausgebildet sind und eine Fahrschiene aufweisen oder beispielsweise in Form von sogenannten Montagebühnen oder Reifenwechselbühnen Anwendung finden. Solche kleinere Scherenhebebühnen sind häufig nur mit einem Hydraulikzylinder ausgestattet. Auch ist das Vorliegen von Fahrschienen nicht zwingend erforderlich, sondern werden Montagebühnen und Reifenwechselbühnen häufig mit in einer horizontalen Ebene ausziehbaren und schwenkbaren Tragarmen versehen.To mention is also that smaller scissor lifts are known, which are designed for motorcycles and have a running rail or, for example, in the form of so-called assembly platforms or tire changing platforms Find application. Such smaller scissor lifts are often equipped only with a hydraulic cylinder. Also, the presence of rails is not mandatory, but mounting platforms and tire changing platforms are often provided with extendable and pivotable in a horizontal plane support arms.

Zur Beaufschlagung des bzw. jedes Hydraulikzylinders ist ein elektrohydraulischer Antrieb vorgesehen. Ein solcher Antrieb umfasst zumindest einen Elektromotor, zumindest eine Hydraulikpumpe und eine Steuereinrichtung, über die ein Benutzer die Bestromung des Motors und die im System vorhandenen Ventile steuert.For loading the or each hydraulic cylinder, an electro-hydraulic drive is provided. Such a drive comprises at least one electric motor, at least one hydraulic pump and a control device, via which a user controls the energization of the motor and the valves present in the system.

Bei eingeschaltetem Elektromotor wird die Pumpe angetrieben und pumpt Hydrauliköl in den Hydraulikzylinder, woraufhin dieser ausfährt und in der Folge die beiden einander zugeordneten Scherenarme relativ zueinander verschwenkt werden; D.h. die Schere öffnet sich. Dabei wird die Schiene bzw. werden die Schienen oder die Tragarme mit einer gegebenenfalls darauf befindlichen Last in waagrechter Lage senkrecht angehoben.When the electric motor is turned on, the pump is driven and pumps hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder, whereupon it extends and, as a result, the two mutually associated scissor arms are pivoted relative to each other; That the pair of scissors opens. In this case, the rail or the rails or the support arms are raised vertically with a possibly thereon load in a horizontal position.

Bei einem solchen Mechanismus besteht das Problem, dass in einem Ausgangszustand die Scherenarme nahezu parallel zueinander liegen, sodass zu Beginn der Ausfahrbewegung ungünstige Hebelverhältnisse zwischen den beiden Armen vorliegen. Es gibt zwar mechanische Lösungen, die über Hebelmechanismen eine bessere Hebelwirkung zu Beginn der Ausfahrbewegung bereitstellen, aber diese Mechanismen sind voluminös, so dass sie einen Einbauraum erfordern, der häufig nicht zur Verfügung steht.In such a mechanism, there is the problem that in an initial state, the scissor arms are almost parallel to each other, so that there are unfavorable leverage ratios between the two arms at the beginning of the extension movement. While there are mechanical solutions that provide better leverage at the beginning of deploy movement via lever mechanisms, these mechanisms are bulky so they require installation space that is often unavailable.

Es ist daher übliche Praxis, den Elektromotor und die Hydraulikpumpe derart zu bemessen, dass diese in der Lage sind, die anfangs notwendigen hohen Kräfte zur Verfügung zu stellen.It is therefore common practice to dimension the electric motor and the hydraulic pump so that they are able to provide the initially necessary high forces available.

Insbesondere bei Scherenhebebühnen für höhere Lasten, wie etwa Hebebühnen, die zum Anheben von Transportern und kleineren Lkw bis zu einem Gewicht von 4,2 t geeignet sind, besteht dann das Problem, dass diese Kräfte bislang wirtschaftlich nur über zwei Elektromotoren erzeugt werden können.Especially in scissor lifts for higher loads, such as lifts, which are suitable for lifting vans and smaller trucks up to a weight of 4.2 t, then there is the problem that these forces can be produced economically only two electric motors.

Ausgehend von den an sich bekannten Hebeeinrichtungen in den verschiedenen oben erläuterten Bauarten liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, den bisherigen elektrohydraulischen Antrieb zu verbessern und vorzugsweise die Gesamtkosten herabzusetzen.Based on the known lifting devices in the various types described above, the present invention is based on the object to improve the previous electro-hydraulic drive and preferably reduce the overall cost.

Die Erfinder haben festgestellt, dass überraschenderweise eine Kombination aus einer Zahnradpumpe und einem kleiner dimensionierten über einen Umrichter angesteuerten Elektromotor Ausgangsdrücke an der Pumpe erzeugen kann, die einerseits die zu Beginn des Ausfahrens der Scherenhebebühne in einem ersten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders erforderlichen hohen Kräfte zur Verfügung stellen und ein langsames sanft anlaufendes anfängliches Anheben der Last trotz der ungünstigen Hebelverhältnisse ermöglichen, und andererseits ein schnelles Ausfahren in einem zweiten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders über den längsten Teil des Hubes zulassen und letztendlich in einem dritten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders ein sanftes Abbremsen bis in die Endlage gestatten. Hierdurch gelingt es, die Scherenhebebühne so anzusteuern, dass insgesamt etwa 20 Sekunden für das Anheben aus der untersten Position in die oberste Position ausreichen.The inventors have found that, surprisingly, a combination of a gear pump and a smaller sized driven via an inverter electric motor can generate output pressures on the pump, on the one hand provide the necessary at the beginning of the extension of the scissor lift in a first extension of the working cylinder high forces and allowing a slow, smooth initial lifting of the load despite the unfavorable leverages, and on the other hand allowing a quick extension in a second extension of the working cylinder over the longest part of the stroke and ultimately allowing a gentle deceleration to the final position in a third extension of the working cylinder. This makes it possible to control the scissor lift so that a total of about 20 seconds sufficient for lifting from the lowest position to the top position.

Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung einen Antrieb für eine Hebeeinrichtung, umfassend

  • einen Hydraulikkreis mit mindestens einer Hydraulikpumpe, die mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt, und
  • einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mindestens einen Hydraulikpumpe,
  • einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Elektromotors, und
  • eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors, damit dieser in einem ersten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt, und in einem zweiten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer höheren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder schneller ausfährt.
In particular, the invention relates to a drive for a lifting device, comprising
  • a hydraulic circuit having at least one hydraulic pump, which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, and
  • an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump,
  • a frequency converter for driving the electric motor, and
  • a control device for controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor, so that it is driven in a first extension of the working cylinder at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder at a lower speed, and in a second extension range of the working cylinder is driven at a higher speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder faster.

Die Kombination aus über einen Frequenzumrichter angesteuerten Elektromotor und einer Hydraulikpumpe ermöglicht es, einen der beiden Elektromotoren und die davon angetriebene Hydraulikpumpe wegzulassen, was Kosten und Bauraum einspart und zwar deutlich mehr Kosten als der Frequenzumrichter verursacht. Der Frequenzumrichter kann in einem niedrigen Drehzahlbereich vom Frequenzumrichter mit einer erhöhten Spannung betrieben werden, ohne die Nennleistung des Elektromotors in unzulässiger Weise zu überschreiten. Hierdurch kann das Ausgangsdrehmoment des Elektromotors bei niedriger Drehzahl und somit der Lieferdruck der Hydraulikpumpe(n) gesteigert werden. Hierdurch kann das Ausfahren der Hydraulikzylinder im ersten Bereich bei niedriger Drehzahl positiv beeinflusst werden, um den erwünschten sanften Anlauf bei ungünstigen Hebelverhältnissen zu erreichen.The combination of a frequency converter controlled electric motor and a hydraulic pump makes it possible to omit one of the two electric motors and the hydraulic pump driven by it, which saves costs and space and indeed significantly more cost than the frequency caused. The frequency converter can operate at a high voltage in a low speed range from the frequency converter without unduly exceeding the rating of the electric motor. As a result, the output torque of the electric motor at low speed and thus the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump (s) can be increased. As a result, the extension of the hydraulic cylinder in the first region at low speed can be positively influenced in order to achieve the desired smooth start under unfavorable leverage.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe eine Verdrängerpumpe insbesondere eine Zahnradpumpe, deren Fördermenge in etwa proportional zur Drehzahl des Elektromotors ist.In one embodiment, the at least one hydraulic pump is a positive-displacement pump, in particular a gear pump, whose flow rate is approximately proportional to the rotational speed of the electric motor.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform umfasst der Hydraulikkreis zwei Hydraulikpumpen oder eine Doppelpumpe, die von einem Elektromotor angetrieben werden bzw. wird. Mit dem konkreten Beispiel einer Scherenhebebühne für eine zulässige Hebelast von 4,2 Tonnen ist erfindungsgemäß nur ein Elektromotor mit 4kW (statt wie bisher zwei solche Elektromotoren) erforderlich.In another embodiment, the hydraulic circuit comprises two hydraulic pumps or a double pump driven by an electric motor. With the concrete example of a scissor lift for a permissible lifting capacity of 4.2 tons, according to the invention only an electric motor with 4 kW (instead of two such electric motors as previously required).

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform beaufschlagt jede Hydraulikpumpe oder jeder Zweig der Doppelpumpe zumindest einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid.In a further embodiment, each hydraulic pump or each branch of the double pump pressurizes at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform steuert die Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors diesen in einem dritten Ausfahrbereich, in der Schlussphase des Ausfahrens der Hydraulikzylinder, d.h. des Anhebens der Bühne, mit einer abnehmenden Drehzahl derart an, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit abnehmender Geschwindigkeit ausfährt.In another embodiment, the control means for controlling the frequency converter and therefore the speed of the electric motor controls it in a third extension range, in the final phase of extension of the hydraulic cylinders, i. the lifting of the stage, with a decreasing speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Elektromotor ein Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor.In a preferred embodiment, the electric motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor.

In einer nochmals weiteren Ausführungsform arbeitet der Frequenzumrichter des Elektromotors mit einer Vektorregelung. Hierdurch werden die Phasen des dem Elektromotor aufgeprägten Drehstroms so verschoben, dass das vom der Elektromotor gelieferte Drehmoment bei niedriger Drehzahl erhöht wird, wodurch der gelieferte Ausgangsdruck der Hydraulikpumpe(n) noch weiter gesteigert werden kann und hierdurch das Ausfahren der Hydraulikzylinder im ersten Ausfahrbereich bei niedriger Drehzahl positiv beeinflusst werden, um den erwünschten sanften Anlauf bei ungünstigen Hebelverhältnissen zu erreichen.In yet another embodiment, the frequency converter of the electric motor operates with a vector control. As a result, the phases of the electric motor impressed three-phase current are shifted so that the supplied torque from the electric motor is increased at low speed, whereby the delivered output pressure of the hydraulic pump (s) can be further increased, and thereby the extension of the hydraulic cylinder in the first extension range at low Speed can be positively influenced to achieve the desired smooth start under unfavorable leverage.

In einer Ausführungsform ist ein Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen, der beiden Seiten der Hebebühne gemeinsam anhebt.In one embodiment, a working cylinder is provided which raises both sides of the lift together.

Es ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch möglich, dass zwei Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils einer eine Seite der Hebebühne anhebt.It is also possible in a further embodiment that two working cylinders are provided, one of which lifts one side of the lifting platform.

Darüber hinaus ist es in einer nochmals weiteren Ausführungsform auch möglich, dass vier Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils zwei eine Seite der Hebebühne anheben.Moreover, it is also possible in a further embodiment that four working cylinders are provided, of which two each lift one side of the lift.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind zwei zusätzliche Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen, von denen jeweils einer eine Nachhubeinrichtung der Hebebühne anhebt.In a further embodiment, two additional working cylinders are provided, of which one each lifts a lifting device of the lifting platform.

Erfindungsgemäß ist auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebs für eine Hebeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine Hebebühne oder Scherenhebebühne vorgesehen, der einen Hydraulikkreis mit mindestens einer Hydraulikpumpe, die jeweils mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt, einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mindestens einen Hydraulikpumpe, einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Elektromotors und eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters umfasst, mit den folgenden Schritten: Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors durch die Steuereinrichtung, damit der Elektromotor in einem ersten Bereich mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt, und in einem zweiten Bereich mit einer höheren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder schneller ausfährt.The invention also provides a method for operating a drive for a lifting device, in particular for a lift or scissor lift, which provides a hydraulic circuit with at least one hydraulic pump, which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump, a frequency converter for Controlling the electric motor and a control device for controlling the frequency converter, comprising the following steps: controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor by the control device, so that the electric motor is driven in a first region at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump the at least one working cylinder extends at a lower speed, and is driven in a second region at a higher speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump, the at least one Arb cylinder expands faster.

In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Verfahren den weiteren Schritt: Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors durch die Steuereinrichtung, damit der Elektromotor in einem dritten Bereich mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit abnehmender Geschwindigkeit ausfährt.In one embodiment, the method comprises the further step of controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor by the control device so that the electric motor is driven in a third region at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump decreases the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed extending.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird bei dem Verfahren der Frequenzumrichter des Elektromotors mit einer Vektorregelung betrieben.In a further embodiment, in the method of the frequency converter of the electric motor is operated with a vector control.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben; in diesen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Scherenhebebühne, die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Antrieb ausgestattet ist, und
Fig. 2
schematisch einen Hydraulikkreis mit Pumpen, Elektromotor, Frequenzumrichter und Steuereinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.
The invention will be described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings; in these show:
Fig. 1
a scissor lift, which is equipped with the drive according to the invention, and
Fig. 2
schematically a hydraulic circuit with pumps, electric motor, frequency converter and control device according to the present invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Scherenhebebühne 10 in einer Zwischenstellung, d.h. zwischen einer vollständig eingefahrenen und einer vollständig ausgefahrenen Stellung. Die Scherenhebebühne 10 umfasst zwei linke Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' und zwei linke Gegenscherenarme 16l, 161' sowie zwei rechte Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' und zwei rechte Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r', die jeweils linksseitig und rechtsseitig in der Mitte M über eine Achse H drehbar miteinander verbunden sind, sodass sich die Hauptscherenarme und Gegenscherenarme relativ zueinander um eine horizontale Achse H drehen können. Das untere Ende der linken Hauptscherenarme 141, 14l' ist ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich, beispielsweise am Boden einer linken Grube fixiert. Das untere Ende der linken Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' ist in horizontaler Richtung in der linken Grube verlagerbar. Auf die gleiche Weise ist das untere Ende der rechten Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' ortsfest aber drehbar im Bodenbereich, beispielsweise am Boden einer rechten Grube fixiert. Das untere Ende der rechten Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r' ist in horizontaler Richtung in der rechten Grube verlagerbar. Das obere Ende der linken Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' ist an einer linken Schiene 12l drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende der zugehörigen linken Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' an der linken Schiene 12l horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Auf die gleiche Art und Weise ist das obere Ende der rechten Gegenscherenarme 16r, 16r' an einer rechten Schiene 12r drehbar aber ortsfest angebracht, während das obere Ende der zugehörigen rechten Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' an der rechten Schiene 12r horizontal beweglich geführt ist. Fig. 1 shows an example of a scissor lift 10 according to the invention in an intermediate position, ie between a fully retracted and a fully extended position. The scissor lift 10 comprises two left main scissors arms 14l, 14l 'and two left scissor arms 16l, 161' and two right main scissor arms 14r, 14r 'and two right counter scissors arms 16r, 16r', each rotatable on the left side and right side in the center M about an axis H. connected to each other, so that the main scissor arms and counter-scissor arms can rotate relative to each other about a horizontal axis H. The lower end of the left main scissor arms 141, 14l 'is fixed but rotatable in the bottom area, for example fixed to the bottom of a left pit. The lower end of the left counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l 'is displaceable in the horizontal direction in the left pit. In the same way, the lower end of the right main scissor arms 14r, 14r 'is fixed but rotatably fixed in the bottom area, for example at the bottom of a right pit. The lower end of the right-hand counter-scissor arms 16r, 16r 'is displaceable in the horizontal direction in the right pit. The upper end of the left counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l 'is rotatably but fixedly mounted on a left rail 12l, while the upper end of the associated left main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'on the left rail 12l is guided horizontally movable. In the same manner, the upper end of the right-hand counter-scissor arms 16r, 16r 'is rotatably but fixedly mounted on a right-hand rail 12r, while the upper end of the associated right-hand main scissor arms 14r, 14r' on the right-hand rail 12r is guided to be horizontally movable.

Zwischen zwei Drehpunkten DHI, DHr, von denen der eine sich im Bereich der unteren Drehpunkte der Hauptscherenarme 14l, 14l' bzw. Hauptscherenarme 14r, 14r' befindet und der andere sich etwas versetzt DGI, DGr von den Mittelpunkten M der Gegenscherenarme 16l, 16l' bzw. 16r, 16r' befindet, sind jeweils zwei linke Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l' und zwei rechte Arbeitszylinder 18r, 18r' angelenkt.Between two pivot points DHI, DHr, one of which is in the region of the lower pivot points of the main scissor arms 14l, 14l 'and main scissor arms 14r, 14r' and the other is slightly offset DGI, DGr from the midpoints M of the counter-scissor arms 16l, 16l ' or 16r, 16r 'is, in each case two left working cylinder 18l, 18l' and two right working cylinder 18r, 18r 'hinged.

Dieser in eine linke und eine rechte Hälfte unterteilte Aufbau der Scherenhebebühne 10 belässt einen Freiraum zwischen den linken und rechten Scherenarmen, sodass das Werkstattpersonal ungehindert zwischen den Scherenarmen hindurchtreten kann und Zugang zu der Unterseite eines auf den Fahrschienen stehenden Fahrzeugs hat.This scissor lift 10, which is divided into left and right halves, leaves a space between the left and right scissor arms so that workshop personnel can pass unhindered between the scissor arms and have access to the underside of a vehicle resting on the tracks.

Die vier Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' werden über Schläuche, nicht dargestellt, durch eine als zweifache Zahnradpumpe ausgebildete Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r mit Hydrauliköl beaufschlagt. Der maximale Betriebsdruck beträgt 240 bar. Jeder Pumpenzweig ist bspw. dafür ausgelegt, 4,8 ccm/U bzw. 6,6 l/min zu liefern. Der Antrieb der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r erfolgt über einen einzigen als Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor ausgebildeten Elektromotor 22, der direkt mit der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r verbunden ist. Die Nennleistung des Elektromotors 22 beträgt 4 kW. Der Elektromotor 22 wird über einen Frequenzumrichter 24 angesteuert, der wiederum von einem Bediener über eine Steuereinrichtung 20 aktiviert werden kann.The four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' are supplied with hydraulic oil via hoses, not shown, by a double pump 26l, 26r designed as a double gear pump. The maximum operating pressure is 240 bar. Each pump branch is, for example, designed to deliver 4.8 cc / rev or 6.6 l / min. The drive of the double pump 26l, 26r via a single formed as a three-phase asynchronous electric motor 22, which is connected directly to the double pump 26l, 26r. The rated power of the electric motor 22 is 4 kW. The electric motor 22 is controlled via a frequency converter 24, which in turn can be activated by an operator via a control device 20.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Hydraulikkreis 30 mit der Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r, dem Elektromotor 22, dem Frequenzumrichter 24 und der Steuereinrichtung 20 gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. Der Antrieb umfasst den Teil des Hydraulikkreises 30 unterhalb der strichpunktierten Linie A --- A. Der Teil des Hydraulikkreises 30 oberhalb der strichpunktierten Linie A --- A ist der Scherenhebebühne 10 selbst zugeordnet. Fig. 2 schematically shows a hydraulic circuit 30 with the double pump 26l, 26r, the electric motor 22, the frequency converter 24 and the control device 20th according to an embodiment of the present invention. The drive comprises the part of the hydraulic circuit 30 below the dot-dash line A --- A. The part of the hydraulic circuit 30 above the dot-dash line A --- A is assigned to the scissor lift 10 itself.

Der durch die Steuereinrichtung 20 und den Frequenzumrichter 24 angesteuerte Elektromotor 22 treibt die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r an. Die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r drückt Hydrauliköl jeweils durch eine linke und rechte Druckleitung 32l, 32r, die jeweils den linken und rechten Arbeitszylindern 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' zugeordnet sind, über linke und rechte Arbeitszylinderventile 34l, 34l', 34r, 34r'. Fakultativ können auch zwei Nachhubeinrichtungszylinder 42l, 42r, jeweils einer für die linke Seite und einer für die rechte Seite einer linken und rechten Nachhubeinrichtung 40l, 40r, über zugehörige Nachhubeinrichtungsventile 44l, 44r und die Druckleitungen 32l, 32r durch die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r mit Hydrauliköl beaufschlagt werden.The driven by the controller 20 and the frequency converter 24 electric motor 22 drives the double pump 26l, 26r. The double pump 26l, 26r pushes hydraulic oil through respective left and right pressure pipes 32l, 32r respectively associated with the left and right working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' via left and right working cylinder valves 34l, 34l ', 34r, 34r '. Optionally, two post-elevating cylinders 42l, 42r, one for the left side and one for the right side of left and right post-lifting means 40l, 40r, may be connected to the post-elevating valves 44l, 44r and the pressure lines 32l, 32r by the double pump 26l, 26r with hydraulic oil be charged.

Das Absenken der Hebebühne 10 erfolgt mit ausgeschaltetem Elektromotor 22 unter dem Gewicht der Hebebühne und ggf. des darauf stehenden Fahrzeugs durch Öffnen der Proportionalventile 36l, 36r, wodurch das Hydrauliköl nicht über die Druckleitungen 32l, 32r in Richtung der Pumpe strömt, sondern durch die Leitungszweige nach den Proportionalventilen 36l, 36r in einen Tank 38.The lowering of the lift 10 is carried out with the electric motor 22 under the weight of the lift and possibly the vehicle thereon by opening the proportional valves 36l, 36r, whereby the hydraulic oil does not flow through the pressure lines 32l, 32r in the direction of the pump, but through the line branches after the proportional valves 36l, 36r in a tank 38th

Die Arbeitsweise der Scherenhebebühne 10 ist wie folgt. Nachdem ein Bediener die Scherenhebebühne 10 durch eine Eingabe an der Steuereinrichtung 20 eingeschaltet hat, steuert diese zunächst den Frequenzumrichter 24 und daher die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 derart, dass der Elektromotor 22 in einem ersten Bereich mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl rotiert, so dass die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r die vier Arbeitszylinder 181, 181', 18r, 18r' in einem ersten Bereich des Hubes mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt. Anschließend steuert die Steuereinrichtung 20 den Frequenzumrichter 24 und somit die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 derart, dass der Elektromotor 22 in einem zweiten Bereich mit einer höheren Drehzahl rotiert, so dass die Doppelpumpe 26l, 26r die vier Arbeitszylinder 18l, 18l', 18r, 18r' in einem zweiten Bereich des Hubes schneller ausfährt. Gegen Ende des Hubes der Scherenhebebühne 10 steuert die Steuereinrichtung 20 den Frequenzumrichter 24 in einem dritten Bereich des Hubes derart, dass die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 22 sanft abnimmt, so dass die Scherenhebebühne 10 ebenso sanft ausläuft.The operation of the scissors lift 10 is as follows. After an operator has switched on the scissors lift 10 by an input to the control device 20, this first controls the frequency converter 24 and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 such that the electric motor 22 rotates in a first region at a lower speed, so that the double pump 26l , 26r extends the four power cylinders 181, 181 ', 18r, 18r' at a lower speed in a first region of the stroke. Subsequently, the control device 20 controls the frequency converter 24 and thus the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 such that the electric motor 22 in a second region with a higher speed rotates, so that the double pump 26l, 26r the four working cylinders 18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r' extends faster in a second region of the stroke. Towards the end of the stroke of the scissor lift 10, the controller 20 controls the frequency converter 24 in a third region of the stroke such that the rotational speed of the electric motor 22 gently decreases, so that the scissor lift 10 also expires smoothly.

Das Absenken der Scherenhebebühne 10 erfolgt bei ausgeschaltetem Elektromotor 22 durch Öffnen eines linken und rechten Proportionalventils 36l, 36r.The lowering of the scissor lift 10 takes place when the electric motor 22 is switched off by opening a left and right proportional valve 36l, 36r.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
ScherenhebebühneScissor lift
12l, 12r12l, 12r
Schiene links und rechtsRail left and right
14l, 14l', 14r, 14r'14l, 14l ', 14r, 14r'
Hauptscherenarme links und rechts,Main scissor arms left and right,
16l, 16l', 16r, 16r'16l, 16l ', 16r, 16r'
Gegenarme links und rechts,Counter-arms left and right,
18l, 18l', 18r, 18r'18l, 18l ', 18r, 18r'
Arbeitszylinder links und rechts,Working cylinder left and right,
2020
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
2222
Elektromotor, Drehstrom-AsynchronmotorElectric motor, three-phase asynchronous motor
2424
Frequenzumrichterfrequency converter
26l, 26r26l, 26r
Pumpe links und rechts, DoppelpumpePump left and right, double pump
3030
Hydraulikkreishydraulic circuit
32l, 32r32l, 32r
Druckleitung links und rechtsPressure line left and right
34l, 34l', 34r, 34r'34l, 34l ', 34r, 34r'
Arbeitszylinderventile links und rechtsWorking cylinder valves left and right
36l, 36r36l, 36r
Proportionalventil links und rechtsProportional valve left and right
3838
Tanktank
40l, 40r40l, 40r
Nachhubeinrichtung links und rechtsNachhubeinrichtung left and right
42l, 42r42l, 42r
Nachhubeinrichtungszylinder links und rechtsNachhubeinrichtungszylinder left and right
44l, 44r44l, 44r
Nachhubeinrichtungsventile links und rechtsNachhubeinrichtungsventile left and right
A-AA-A
Aggregatgrenzeaggregate limit
MM
Mittelpunkt ScherenarmeCenter point scissor arms
HH
Drehachseaxis of rotation
DHI, DHrDHI, DHr
Anlenkpunkte an Hauptscherenarmen links und rechtsLinkage points on main scissors arms left and right
DGI, DGrDGI, DGr
Anlenkpunkte an Gegenscherenarmen links und rechtsLinkage points on counter-scissor arms left and right

Claims (14)

Antrieb für eine elektrohydraulisch angetriebene Hebeeinrichtung, insbesondere eine Hebebühne, umfassend einen Hydraulikkreis mit mindestens einer Hydraulikpumpe, die mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt, und einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mindestens einen Hydraulikpumpe, einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Elektromotors, und eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors, damit dieser in einem ersten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt, und in einem zweiten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer höheren Drehzahl derart angesteuert ist, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder schneller ausfährt. Drive for an electrohydraulically driven lifting device, in particular a lifting platform, comprising a hydraulic circuit having at least one hydraulic pump, which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, and an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump, a frequency converter for driving the electric motor, and a control device for controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor, so that it is driven in a first extension of the working cylinder at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder at a lower speed, and in a second extension range of the working cylinder is driven at a higher speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder faster. Antrieb nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe eine Zahnradpumpe ist, deren Fördermenge in etwa proportional zur Drehzahl des Elektromotors ist.Drive according to claim 1,
characterized in that the at least one hydraulic pump is a gear pump whose flow rate is approximately proportional to the rotational speed of the electric motor. Antrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hydraulikkreis zwei Hydraulikpumpen oder eine Doppelpumpe umfasst.Drive according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the hydraulic circuit comprises two hydraulic pumps or a double pump. Antrieb nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Hydraulikpumpe oder jeder Zweig der Doppelpumpe zumindest einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt.Drive according to claim 3,
characterized in that each hydraulic pump or each branch of the double pump acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid. Antrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors diesen in einem dritten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer abnehmenden Drehzahl derart ansteuert, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit abnehmender Geschwindigkeit ausfährt.Drive according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the control device for controlling the frequency converter and therefore the rotational speed of the electric motor drives it in a third extension range of the working cylinder with a decreasing speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed. Antrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor ein Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor ist.Drive according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the electric motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor. Antrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Frequenzumrichter des Elektromotors mit einer Vektorregelung arbeitet.Drive according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the frequency converter of the electric motor operates with a vector control. Hebebühne, insbesondere Scherenhebebühne mit einem Antrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen ist, der beiden Seiten der Hebebühne gemeinsam anhebt.Lifting platform, in particular scissor lift with a drive according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a working cylinder is provided which raises both sides of the lift together. Hebebühne nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils einer eine Seite der Hebebühne anhebt.Lifting platform according to claim 8,
characterized in that two working cylinders are provided, one of which lifts one side of the lift. Hebebühne nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vier Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils zwei eine Seite der Hebebühne anheben.Lifting platform according to claim 8,
characterized in that four working cylinders are provided, of which two each raise one side of the lift. Hebebühne nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei zusätzlichen Arbeitszylinder vorgesehen sind, von denen jeweils einer eine Nachhubeinrichtung der Hebebühne anhebt.Lifting platform according to one of claims 9 to 10,
characterized in that two additional working cylinders are provided, one of which lifts a Nachhubeinrichtung the lift. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebs für eine Hebeeinrichtung, insbesondere für eine Hebebühne oder eine Scherenhebebühne, der einen Hydraulikkreis mit mindestens einer Hydraulikpumpe, die jeweils mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagt, einen Elektromotor zum Antrieb der mindestens einen Hydraulikpumpe, einen Frequenzumrichter zum Ansteuern des Elektromotors und eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Frequenzumrichters umfasst, mit den folgenden Schritten: Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors durch die Steuereinrichtung, damit der Elektromotor in einem ersten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit niedrigerer Geschwindigkeit ausfährt, und in einem zweiten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer höheren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder schneller ausfährt. Method for operating a drive for a lifting device, in particular for a lifting platform or a scissor lift, comprising a hydraulic circuit with at least one hydraulic pump, which acts on at least one working cylinder with hydraulic fluid, an electric motor for driving the at least one hydraulic pump, a frequency converter for driving the electric motor and comprises a control device for controlling the frequency converter, with the following steps: Controlling the frequency converter and therefore the speed of the electric motor by the control device, so that the electric motor is driven in a first extension of the working cylinder at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder at a lower speed, and in a second extension of the Working cylinder is driven at a higher speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder faster. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,
gekennzeichnet durch den weiteren Schritt: Steuern des Frequenzumrichters und daher der Drehzahl des Elektromotors durch die Steuereinrichtung, damit der Elektromotor in einem dritten Ausfahrbereich des Arbeitszylinders mit einer niedrigeren Drehzahl derart angesteuert wird, dass die mindestens eine Hydraulikpumpe den mindestens einen Arbeitszylinder mit abnehmender Geschwindigkeit ausfährt. Method according to claim 12,
characterized by the further step: Controlling the frequency converter and therefore the speed of the electric motor by the control device, so that the electric motor is driven in a third extension of the working cylinder at a lower speed such that the at least one hydraulic pump extends the at least one working cylinder with decreasing speed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Frequenzumrichter des Elektromotors mit einer Vektorregelung betrieben wird.Method according to claim 12 or 13,
characterized in that the frequency converter of the electric motor is operated with a vector control.
EP16182532.8A 2015-08-06 2016-08-03 Drive for an electrohydraulically operated lifting device, in particular lifting platform Active EP3127855B1 (en)

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WO2023043469A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 Terex South Dakota, Inc. Lift device and method of controlling

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