EP3110594B1 - Grinding machine and method for grinding workpieces that have axial bores and planar external surfaces to be machined on both sides - Google Patents

Grinding machine and method for grinding workpieces that have axial bores and planar external surfaces to be machined on both sides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3110594B1
EP3110594B1 EP15704788.7A EP15704788A EP3110594B1 EP 3110594 B1 EP3110594 B1 EP 3110594B1 EP 15704788 A EP15704788 A EP 15704788A EP 3110594 B1 EP3110594 B1 EP 3110594B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
workpiece
headstock
bore
clamping
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15704788.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3110594A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Junker
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00Other grinding machines or devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0061Other grinding machines or devices having several tools on a revolving tools box
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/06Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally

Definitions

  • Grinding machines and methods for such grinding, in particular of gear parts for gears or flange parts are known, wherein in these known grinding machines and methods, although a plurality of operations or partial operations are performed on a grinding machine; a complete machining of such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine, however, is not known.
  • first workpiece spindle in which position the external machining and the clamping point of the opposite end of the workpiece can be processed.
  • a workpiece can be transferred to an opposing second workpiece spindle, a so-called counter spindle, so that the second, initially clamped end side of the workpiece can be processed. If the clamping in the counter spindle does not permit machining in the region of the end side, the workpiece to be machined can be held centrically by means of a riding tip, which is attached to one of the tool holders or tool spindle rods. In this case, however, the clamping is retained by the first tool headstock.
  • a separate tailstock is arranged opposite the workpiece headstock.
  • a grinding headstock with a grinding wheel can grind the external surface finish and with its end faces, if necessary, also flat sides on flanges of the workpiece, but not at the immediate end, which is held by the tailstock.
  • a second tool stick is arranged opposite to the wheelhead and is designed as a multifunction unit.
  • this multifunction unit carries a bezel and measuring sensors to perform in-process measurements.
  • the multifunction unit carries a dressing unit, so that the grinding wheel, which is located on the opposite wheelhead, can be dressed.
  • the tailstock and the wheelhead are here designed as separate units.
  • the Reitspitze mounted on the tailstock is only a centering in the event that previously a so-called center has been introduced into the workpiece. An internal grinding device is not described for either the lathe or the grinding machine.
  • such an angle of attack is selected for the profiled grinding wheel that the plane surface can be ground perpendicular to the central axis of the gear wheel.
  • the inner surface of the bore and the flat surface on the one outer side of the gear can be ground only one after the other. Clamping conditions and facilities for grinding even the ground plan side opposite plan side of the gear are not described.
  • a device for grinding workpieces with a workpiece holder and with at least one grinding tool is described.
  • the workpiece may also be a gear in which the machining of its end surfaces is also realized.
  • the workpiece is clamped in a clamping device of the tool holder, and there are successively the machining operations for the inner diameter as well as the outer contours, ie the planets.
  • the workpiece is unloaded from the machine by means of a transfer device. A grinding of the counter plan side is not described in this known machine.
  • the grinding of holes, outer circumferential and flat outer surfaces is realized by appropriate grinding wheels, which can be brought on separate grinding spindle sticks in CNC-controlled looping.
  • a grinding of plan pages and counterplan pages on one and the same workpiece is not described.
  • the arrangement of two independent grinding headstocks has the positive consequence that both the outer contours and an internal grinding of the bore is possible at the same time.
  • the known grinding machines and methods for producing corresponding workpieces on these grinding machines have in common that the workpieces to be ground in a machine can not be completely processed.
  • DE 603 03 672 T2 is a machine tool described by means of which on a tool cylindrical and flat outer surfaces as well as holes can be edited.
  • a number of tool headstocks and a workpiece headstock are provided, so that the various work on the workpiece can be performed.
  • a complete machining is also not possible because the workpiece remains clamped during the many processing operations to be performed in the workpiece headstock in the chuck.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method realized thereby, with which workpieces with a central bore and both sides plan and / or non-planar outer surfaces, in particular gears for transmission, high precision and cost complete can be ground in a single grinding machine.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention a complete machining of workpieces is realized which have at least one central bore and flat and non-planar outer surfaces on both end sides of the workpiece, such as flange shafts or gears for transmission.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention has a first wheelhead, on which an outer grinding wheel is arranged for machining the respective outer surfaces of the workpiece, a second wheel head, which carries an inner grinding wheel for machining the inner surface of the bore, and a workpiece headstock for clamping the workpiece.
  • the workpiece to be ground is clamped in a chuck of the workpiece headstock, so that the workpiece can be ground on the outer surfaces not covered by the chuck and in the inner surfaces of the bore.
  • a tensioning device is arranged on or on the second wheelhead, ie the second wheelhead carries such a tensioning device.
  • the tensioning device is fixedly connected to the second wheelhead, although it can also be moved in a controlled manner with respect to at least one CNC axis to the wheelhead.
  • the inside grinding wheel carried by the grinding headstock is the working tool, and according to the invention, the working tool and the clamping means are connected together to form a fixed unit in the sense of a combination unit.
  • the second grinding headstock carrying the tensioning device is now movable with respect to the center axis of this tensioning device such that the tensioning device can be introduced into the already ground bore of the workpiece and the workpiece can thus be clamped in a second tensioning position.
  • this second clamping position the center axis of the clamping device and the center axis of the chuck are aligned with each other, wherein both clamping positions exist at least temporarily at the same time.
  • a second plane and / or non-planar outer surface is ground by means of the outer grinding wheel, which points in the direction of the workpiece headstock.
  • first and the second clamping position are realized so that their central axes are aligned and the spatial positioning of the workpiece to be ground with high precision is maintained after release of the first clamping position, a high grinding accuracy can be achieved, namely for the first plane side and Counterplan side, which is to be understood as the second plane outer surface, which points to the workpiece headstock.
  • the tensioning device is a tensioning dome, which is driven in a CNC-controlled manner in the axial direction and in particular rotatably driven.
  • the mandrel along its longitudinal axis does not have to be moved and only has a rotary drive.
  • the axial movability which then takes place either on the mandrel or by the second wheelhead by means of the Z2 axis, is used to retract the mandrel so far for optimal clamping conditions in the central bore of the workpiece that this is clamped reliably and without the formation of Schräginpositionen so that the center axis produced in the workpiece spindle by means of the clamping device there is retained after transfer to the mandrel for the workpiece.
  • the mandrel is formed as a Hydrodehn element.
  • a hydraulic expansion element has an area to be acted upon by a hydraulic fluid, which under the action of a higher pressure of the hydraulic fluid is deformable so that the outer surfaces of the mandrel bear against the inner surfaces of the bore with such a force that the workpiece is in the bore is firmly clamped.
  • the advantage of a hydrostatically acting mandrel is, inter alia, that the clamping generated in a short time and can be solved in a very short time again.
  • hydraulic tensioning elements have very good values with regard to the precision of the stress.
  • the size of the clamping force can be controlled by the level of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
  • the first wheelhead has two grinding spindle units with respective grinding wheels, by means of which at least the first and the second plane outer surface are grindable on the workpiece.
  • the grinding spindle units can be moved in a CNC-controlled manner in X1 and Z1 axis directions, so that in the X1-Z1 plane each position can be approached with high accuracy in accordance with the grinding conditions.
  • the wheelhead has a B-axis, which is also CNC-controlled and with which the respective grinding wheels are pivoted on the associated grinding spindles in the grinding engagement position on the workpiece.
  • the first wheelhead is provided with a dressing spindle, which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • a dressing spindle which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • the second wheelhead with the grinding spindle unit arranged thereon for the grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore in X2 and Z2-axis direction is CNC-controlled movable.
  • the second grinding spindle unit together with the clamping device or the mandrel in the X2-Z2 plane is movable so that any required point on the workpiece can be approached.
  • the workpiece headstock on two workpiece spindles each with a chuck, which are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other.
  • the respective workpiece spindle can be pivoted by means of a rotary unit on the workpiece headstock from a first position, in which at least the first plane outer surface and possibly also the non-planar outer surfaces and the inner surface of the bore of the workpiece to be ground, into a second position in which the next workpiece is loaded.
  • a new workpiece still to be ground can be loaded into the workpiece headstock, which is then swiveled 180 degrees into the grinding position.
  • the two grinding spindle sticks are each arranged on a cross slide, so that a reliable CNC-controlled movement can take place in an X1-Z1 plane and X2-Z2 plane.
  • the first grinding spindle unit carries the outer grinding wheel and the second grinding spindle unit the inner grinding wheel
  • these two grinding wheels are controlled in such a looped engagement that at least the first plane outer surface and the bore at least temporarily can be sanded at the same time.
  • the cycle time for the production of the workpiece can be reduced, which can be compensated by the time-parallel grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore and the plan and non-planar outer surfaces by means of in particular a profiled grinding wheel by the respective grinding wheels introduced grinding forces at least in some ways increase the accuracy of the grinding result.
  • the method for complete grinding of workpieces, in particular gear wheels for transmissions, having a central bore and planar and non-planar outer surfaces is realized on a previously described grinding machine.
  • a workpiece is first clamped in a workpiece headstock.
  • first outer surfaces on the clamped workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel inner surfaces in the central bore of the workpiece are finished with an outer grinding wheel by means of an inner grinding wheel.
  • a clamping device which forms a solid unit with a grinding wheel bearing the inner grinding wheel, inserted into the bore of the workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel to the clamping in the tool headstock clamped the workpiece.
  • the fixed tension by the clamping device is carried out such that the center axes of the chuck of the workpiece headstock and clamping device on the second wheel head are aligned. Thereby, the position of the workpiece in the space from the first clamping position on the tool headstock is maintained, even if the clamping is released from the tool spindle later.
  • the second outer surfaces which are opposite to the first outer surfaces of the workpiece and can not be ground because of the clamping in the Maschinenzeitspindelstock initially finished.
  • a clamping device with a wheelhead offers here a highly accurate clamping, ie passing a first clamped with the workpiece headstock workpiece to a made in the central bore of the workpiece second clamping means of the clamping device. This is a complete grinding process Such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine with the inventive method feasible.
  • the clamping device is hydraulically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the hydraulic control of the clamping device for the purpose of clamping as well as for the purpose of release from a clamping position has the advantage that this is realized only by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid and thereby clamping in a short time as well as a release can be realized.
  • the clamping device can also be mechanically, electrically or electro-magnetically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the manner of the physical principle of the control of the clamping device depends on the particular application, wherein the advantages of the respective physical control principles are known to those skilled in the relevant art.
  • the workpiece headstock is pivoted from a position in which a clamping device holds the workpiece in a grinding position in a loading position after the workpiece has been finished ground, with respect to the first and the second outer surfaces as well as the bore, from which - Workpiece headstock preferably has two clamping devices - a newly sanded workpiece is pivoted back into a grinding position.
  • cycle time is saved, because with swinging a workpiece to be ground in the grinding position, i. In the first clamping position, no additional non-productive time is created for clamping the next workpiece.
  • the second flat outer surfaces are ground in straight piercing.
  • the counter plan surface has no shoulders or shoulders, which have non-planar surfaces and would preferably have to be ground with a profiled grinding wheel.
  • Grinding by means of a straight plunge method is preferably realized by using different grinding wheels for the outer surfaces on one side of the workpiece and for the outer surfaces on the other side of the workpiece.
  • the first planar and non-planar outer surfaces are ground by means of a profiled grinding wheel.
  • the profiled grinding wheel allows a time-parallel grinding of all first outer surfaces to be ground, which also cycle time can be saved in the manufacture of the workpiece.
  • cooling lubricant is supplied to the inner grinding wheel via the interior of the workpiece headstock.
  • the method is preferably designed such that the inner grinding wheel first pre-grinding the bore and then finished grinding.
  • the inner grinding wheel on two grinding areas, which are successively brought into the inner surface of the bore engaged. This eliminates the need for a strapping or a previously used pre-grinding wheel and subsequent use of a finish grinding wheel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plan view of the grinding machine according to the invention shown, which also performs the inventive method.
  • a first wheelhead 2 On a machine bed 1, a first wheelhead 2, a second wheelhead 17 and a workpiece headstock 9 are arranged, which are present in a defined relationship to each other.
  • the first wheelhead 2 carries a first grinding spindle 3, on which a grinding wheel 3.1 is arranged.
  • a further grinding spindle 4 is mounted, which receives a further grinding wheel 4.1.
  • the grinding wheel 4.1 is profiled and serves the grinding of the first flat outer surfaces 14.1 and the non-planar outer surfaces 14.4 of a workpiece 14, which is clamped in a clamping device 12 of a first workpiece spindle 10, which via a CNC-controlled axis C1, the workpiece 14 in rotation added.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is brought into grinding engagement with the workpiece 14 by means of the CNC-controlled axes X1 and Z1 of the first grinding spindle unit 2.
  • the first wheelhead 2 also has a B-axis extending perpendicularly in the plane of the drawing so that either the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 or the grinding wheel 3.1 can be brought into engagement with the workpiece by means of a pivotal movement about the B-axis of the wheelhead 2.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is provided for grinding the second flat outer surface 14.2 on the workpiece. In the in FIG. 1 As shown, the second plane outer surface 14.2 is clamped within the clamping device 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and therefore can not be ground during this clamping.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is now formed and can be brought to the outer contour to be ground in looping engagement, that at least partially time-parallel, the inner grinding wheel 19.1, which is arranged on the second grinding headstock 17 with the grinding spindle 19, can be introduced into the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, so that the bore 14.3 of the workpiece can be finish-ground without loss of cycle time.
  • the grinding operations on the outer surfaces and on the inner surface are carried out successively.
  • the second wheelhead 17 is formed as a combination unit by an additional clamping device 20 is mounted on the wheelhead, which is movable on the one hand by means of the CNC axes X2 and Z2 with the wheelhead 17 in the X2-Z2 plane, wherein additionally the clamping device 20th can experience an axial displacement 21 along a central axis 20.1.
  • the grinding spindle 17 is moved with respect to its central axis in the X2 direction so far that the central axis 20.1 of the clamping device 20 with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 of the workpiece headstock. 9 flees.
  • the clamping device 20 is retracted into the bore 14.3 and receives the workpiece in the form of a clamping. In this case, over a defined, relatively short time, the workpiece is tensioned both in the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 as well as with the clamping by the clamping device 20.
  • the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 is released and the second wheelhead 17 is moved.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.4 is released, so that by means of the first wheelhead 2, the grinding wheel 3.1 can reach the grinding position.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is designed as a flat grinding wheel, so that the second planar outer surface 14.2 is produced in the way of the straight-cut grinding. This makes it possible to finish a workpiece, in particular in the form of a gear for gears, in one and the same grinding machine with respect to the front as well as the rear outer sides and the inner surfaces of the bore. In this way it can be ensured that the individual ground parts are manufactured on the workpiece in small dimensional, positional and form tolerances to each other.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now formed so that two spindles are present, which are arranged opposite to the workpiece headstock 9 in a 180 ° arrangement.
  • the workpiece headstock 10 is provided with its central axis 10.1 and the clamping device 12 attached thereto.
  • the second workpiece spindle 11 On the in the FIG. 1 left Side is the second workpiece spindle 11 with its central axis 11.1 and the clamping device 13 is provided.
  • the workpiece spindle has clamped a straight ground or finished workpiece 14 with its clamping device 12
  • a not yet ground workpiece 15 is already clamped to the second workpiece spindle 11, ie with its clamping device 13.
  • the workpiece 15 can be driven by the second workpiece spindle 11 by means of a CNC controlled axis C2.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now arranged so pivotable that the first newly recorded in the loading position workpiece 15 can be moved to a grinding position. This is done because of the double workpiece spindle assembly on the workpiece headstock 9 in a very short time. This ensures that the non-productive times in the grinding machine are minimized.
  • a dressing spindle 16 with a dressing wheel 16.1 is additionally attached by means of which the grinding wheels 3.1 and 4.1 of the first grinding headstock can be dressed.
  • the first wheelhead 2 has a further dressing spindle 5 with a diamond dressing wheel 6, by means of which the internal grinding wheel 19.1, which is also referred to as a grinding dome, can be dressed.
  • the pivoting of the raw workpieces from the loading position lasts with the present workpiece headstock 9, for example, less than 2 seconds.
  • the loading into the chuck 13 is uncritical in terms of the time required for it, as it can be realized in any case in a shorter time than the grinding time for the complete grinding of the workpiece 14 requires it. In any case, loading into a chuck with spans and the corresponding handling movements can usually take place in a time of approximately 8 seconds. Since this takes place in the off time, that is, in a time in which the workpiece 14 is processed, the entire cycle time for a workpiece can be further reduced, which has a favorable effect on the manufacturing cost of the workpieces.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a partial section along the plane AA according to FIG. 1 how the arrangement of the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 on the workpiece headstock 9 is executed.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 are by means of a rotary unit 23 from a grinding position, which in Fig. 2 the arrangement of the workpiece 14 corresponds, pivotable in a loading position, which in Fig. 2 the workpiece 15 corresponds.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 can thus be alternately brought into the processing position.
  • the machine bed 1 is shown in this partial sectional view AA of the workpiece headstock. Due to the fact that the workpiece spindle 10, ie in FIG.
  • the lower workpiece spindle for grinding the outer and inner contours of the workpiece 14 is arranged closer to the machine bed during the grinding engagement, the heat cycle of the grinding machine is largely eliminated, and the rigidity of the entire assembly is also greater due to the improved leverage. As a result, a greater precision can be achieved in the grinding operation with respect to the achievable maximum dimensional and form accuracies on the finished-ground workpiece.
  • a loading of the workpiece spindle 11 or of the clamping device 13 with a new raw workpiece 15 is performed on the workpiece 14 during the grinding process. This means that loading takes place during grinding.
  • the loading movements are programmed such that the loading cycle, for example, does not coincide with the time at which the finished dimension on the workpiece 14 is reached.
  • This special programming makes it possible to further optimize the achievable quality on the workpiece 14 in the grinding machine.
  • the loading and unloading of the workpiece is thus carried out in the so-called non-productive time.
  • Workpiece 15 becomes, as it were, workpiece 14 when the grinding operation is taken up on the workpiece or when it has been completely finished.
  • the actual time for loading and unloading does not affect the cycle time, but only the slew time from the loading position to the grinding position.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the area of the grinding machine according to FIG. 1 which shows the workpiece headstock 10 with clamped workpiece 14 in which the grinding wheel 4.1 is engaged therewith and the inner grinding wheel 19.1 for grinding the inner surface of the bore 14.3 on the second wheelhead 19 is also engaged.
  • the workpiece 14 in the chuck 12 is firmly clamped.
  • the workpiece 14 abuts against a stop ring 24 in the chuck.
  • a clamping device 20 preferably in the form of a mandrel is mounted, which is shown in the portion of the headstock 17 shown in partial section.
  • the mandrel is automatically axially displaceable (21) and rotationally driven. Due to the possibility that the second wheelhead 17 is designed to be movable along its X2 and Z2 axes, the mandrel 20 can be aligned with its central axis 20.1 in alignment with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 and in this position with respect to the positional position of the workpiece realize in the space identical clamping to the clamping by the workpiece spindle 10 with the chuck 12. In this way, a high precision of the machining of the workpiece is possible because for each of the two clamping the same position of the workpiece is reduced with respect to the central axis in the tensioned state.
  • the grinding with both the inner grinding wheel 19.1 and the outer grinding wheel 4.1 is usually done with CBN coating, preferably using ceramically bonded CBN coating becomes.
  • CBN coating preferably using ceramically bonded CBN coating becomes.
  • other abrasives such as corundum or other bonds of the CBN pads are possible, the respective optimal abrasive coatings are selected depending on the processing task.
  • mandrel 20 on its left side, is at its end, which is provided for the actual clamping of the workpiece 14 in the bore 14.3, a clamping element 25 indicated that automatically opened by the grinding program or closed, that is stretched.
  • a hydrodynamic tensioning element is shown.
  • Such a hydraulic tensioning element is stretched by applying a hydraulic fluid to activate the clamping. For unloading the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is reduced accordingly.
  • other clamping elements are possible such as collets or even an inner chuck, ie a mechanical lining.
  • FIG. 4 is finished after completion of finishing the plan and non-planar outer surfaces 14.1, 14.4 and the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, and the wheelhead 17 was moved over its CNC-controlled axes so that the inner grinding wheel 19.1 parallel to the central axis 10.1 of Workpiece spindle is arranged such that the mandrel 20 is located immediately in front of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 to ultimately according to its axial displacement 21 can be introduced for the purpose of clamping in this bore 14.3.
  • the geometry of the workpiece spindle 10 as well as the grinding spindle 19 for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is chosen so that there are no interference contours between the workpiece headstock and the grinding spindle 19 and inner grinding wheel 19.1.
  • FIG. 5 is now opposite the FIG. 4 shown the moment in which the mandrel 20 is introduced after its axial displacement 21 in the bore 14.3 and holds the workpiece 14 clamped there.
  • the clamping is realized so that the central axis of the mandrel 20.1 is exactly aligned with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10.
  • the workpiece with both the chuck 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and with the mandrel 20 of the wheelhead 17 is so to speak twice clamped. Only when the complete clamping of the workpiece 14 by means of the mandrel 20 in the bore 14.3 is done, the chuck 12 can be detached from the workpiece 14 and the grinding headstock 17 are moved along its CNC-controlled axis, in FIG. 5 to the right.
  • the re-clamping and the transfer of the workpiece 14 from the chuck 12 to the mandrel 20 can be done with stationary or rotating workpiece spindle 10.
  • the mandrel 20 must rotate at the same speed and the same direction of rotation. As a result, the transformer time can be optimized.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.2 with the outer grinding wheel 3.1 which is held on the associated grinding spindle 3 and driven by this, be ground, since the workpiece 14 now complete and reliable and precise with the mandrel 20 in the inner bore of the workpiece is clamped by means of the hydraulic expansion clamping element 25.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.2 is ground at equally driven outer grinding wheel 3.1.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 has moved with its grinding spindle 19 in this position so to speak to the side and has been disengaged.
  • the mandrel is designed so that its concentricity errors generally have only a few microns.
  • non-planar outer surfaces can be ground on the counterplan side 14.2.
  • a profiled grinding wheel is used, in the manner of in FIG. 3 illustrated outer grinding wheel 4.1.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the processing situation according to FIG. 6 represented, wherein the second planar outer surface 14.2 is additionally discontinued.
  • both parts of the flat outer surface 14.2 can be reliably ground with the flat grinding wheel 3.1.
  • FIG. 8 is the position for grinding the second planar outer surface 14.2 in analogy to FIG. 6 shown, however, by means of an external grinding wheel 3.1, which in Schrägeinstechschleifvon is used.
  • This outer grinding wheel 3.1 is then arranged under the corresponding arrangement with its grinding spindle 3 on the first wheelhead 2 (not shown here).
  • additional non-planar outer surfaces on the counter plan side ie possibly cylindrical or conical sections on the workpiece on the second side, ground, for which either the illustrated outer grinding wheel 3.1 or a profiled grinding wheel according to their in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 9 is a further preferred embodiment of the grinding machine when grinding the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 by means of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 shown.
  • the outer grinding wheel 4.1 (see FIG. 3 ) omitted here.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is designed as an abrasive mandrel and has two grinding areas 19.1.1 and 19.1.2 with different abrasive layers.
  • the first, leading abrasive coating 19.1.1 is used for pre-grinding the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3, and the second, trailing abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used for finish grinding of the bore.
  • the diameter of the second abrasive coating 19.1.2 is greater than that of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1, after completion of the pre-grinding by means of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1 of the wheelhead 17 is adjusted with the grinding spindle 19 transverse to the central axis corresponding to the X2 axis and this second grinding area 19.1.2 retracted into the bore for finish grinding.
  • the first grinding area 19.1.1 then projects into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10.
  • the roughing wheel should be the one which is farthest from the bearing of the spindle.
  • Such two-stage internal grinding wheels 19.1 are used above all when the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 has, for example, increased grinding allowances or the grinding allowances from the preliminary machining fluctuate greatly. This pre-grinding can also be advantageous, depending on which material is to be machined.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used with ceramic bonded CBN for finish grinding, so that correspondingly good surface finishes and high accuracy can be achieved.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.1 with galvanically coated CBN coating can also be used become.
  • Abrasive wheels with electroplated CBN generally have higher machining performance, making them particularly suitable for roughing operations. In such a two-stage internal grinding wheel 19.1, the optimization of the grinding process and the achievable accuracy with the same technical machine design is possible.
  • cooling lubricant 26 be supplied during grinding of the engaged grinding wheel 19.1.
  • the cooling lubricant 26 is supplied via the interior of the workpiece spindle 10 and fed to the actual grinding engagement.
  • the front part, i. the roughing area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 have a conical attachment for improved distribution of the cooling lubricant 26.
  • such a tapered attachment does not have to be present.
  • the advantage of such a tapered attachment 27 at the front end of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is a lower turbulence of the cooling lubricant 26 in the supply to the grinding point, whereby the supply of the grinding zone with cooling lubricant and thus the grinding conditions are improved. As a result, this has a positive effect on the accuracy of the grinding result and the surface finish on the finished ground workpiece.
  • FIG. 10 is another preferred embodiment analogous to that in FIG. 9 shown, in which the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is also provided in two stages with a first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 and a second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 has a larger diameter than the second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first grinding area 19.1.1 is designed to be significantly narrower than the second grinding area 19.1.2, since a relatively large oversize is ground off by the roughing area 19.1.1 by means of peel grinding, it being expedient to use CBN as the grinding surface.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is moved so far into the hole with its second grinding area 19.1, that by means of internal cylindrical grinding, in particular also the plunge grinding, the bore can be finished ground.
  • the first grinding region 19.1.1 is moved so far into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10 that the second grinding region 19.1.2 can be delivered via the X2 axis of the grinding spindle 19 to the inner surface of the bore 14.3 to be ground.
  • the front grinding area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 likewise has a conical attachment 27, which serves for the more uniform distribution of the cooling lubricant 26 to the respective grinding engagement point.
  • the indicated in the chuck 12 on the jaws arrows are intended to express that the chuck holds the workpiece 14 in the clamped state, as long as the surfaces to be ground are processed.
  • pre-grinding can be optimized by the rough grinding with the first grinding area 19.1.1 with feed direction of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 in the direction of the chuck 12 on the clamped workpiece 14, the grinding time on the workpiece in such a way that the "retraction" of the grinding pin 19.1 already used for pre-grinding.
  • This embodiment makes it possible for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 to be finish ground with very little grinding allowance with the second grinding area 19.1.2. As a result, the total grinding time for the bore 14.3 overall can be optimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

Schleifmaschinen und Verfahren für ein derartiges Schleifen, insbesondere von Zahnradteilen für Getriebe oder Flanschteilen, sind bekannt, wobei bei diesen bekannten Schleifmaschinen und Verfahren zwar mehrere Operationen oder Teiloperationen auf einer Schleifmaschine durchgeführt werden; eine Komplettbearbeitung derartiger Werkstücke auf ein und derselben Schleifmaschine ist hingegen nicht bekannt.Grinding machines and methods for such grinding, in particular of gear parts for gears or flange parts, are known, wherein in these known grinding machines and methods, although a plurality of operations or partial operations are performed on a grinding machine; a complete machining of such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine, however, is not known.

Aus DE 10 2012 012 331 A1 sind Drehmaschinen und Schleifmaschinen bekannt, mittels welcher eine Außenrund- und eine Endflächenbearbeitung von Werkstücken durchgeführt wird.Out DE 10 2012 012 331 A1 Lathes and grinding machines are known, by means of which a Außenrund- and an end surface machining of workpieces is performed.

Bei der bekannten Drehmaschine sind zwei sich gegenüberliegende Werkzeugstöcke beschrieben, welche mehrere unterschiedliche Werkzeuge tragen und die Außenbearbeitung am Werkstück realisieren. Das Werkstück wird von einer ersten Werkstückspindel gehalten, in welcher Position die Außenbearbeitung und die der Einspannstelle gegenüberliegende Endstelle des Werkstückes bearbeitet werden können. Von der ersten Werkstückspindel kann ein Werkstück an eine dieser gegenüberliegende zweite Werkstückspindel, eine so genannte Gegenspindel, übergeben werden, so dass auch die zweite, zunächst eingespannte Endseite des Werkstückes bearbeitet werden kann. Wenn die Einspannung in der Gegenspindel eine Bearbeitung im Bereich der Endseite nicht zulässt, kann das zu bearbeitende Werkstück mittels einer Reitspitze zentrisch gehalten werden, welche an einem der Werkzeughalter bzw. Werkzeugspindelstöcke angebracht ist. In diesem Fall bleibt aber die Einspannung durch den ersten Werkzeugspindelstock erhalten.In the known lathe, two opposing tool posts are described which carry a plurality of different tools and realize the external machining on the workpiece. The workpiece is held by a first workpiece spindle, in which position the external machining and the clamping point of the opposite end of the workpiece can be processed. From the first workpiece spindle, a workpiece can be transferred to an opposing second workpiece spindle, a so-called counter spindle, so that the second, initially clamped end side of the workpiece can be processed. If the clamping in the counter spindle does not permit machining in the region of the end side, the workpiece to be machined can be held centrically by means of a riding tip, which is attached to one of the tool holders or tool spindle rods. In this case, however, the clamping is retained by the first tool headstock.

Bei der beschriebenen Schleifmaschine ist dem Werkstückspindelstock ein separater Reitstock gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Ein Schleifspindelstock mit einer Schleifscheibe kann die Außenrundbearbeitung und mit ihren Stirnseiten gegebenenfalls auch Planseiten an Flanschen des Werkstückes schleifen, nicht jedoch am unmittelbaren Ende, welches durch den Reitstock gehalten ist. Ein zweiter Werkzeugstock ist bezüglich des Schleifspindelstockes gegenüberliegend angeordnet und ist als Multifunktionseinheit ausgebildet. Diese Multifunktionseinheit trägt beispielsweise eine Lünette und Messsensoren, um In-Prozess-Messungen durchzuführen. Des Weiteren trägt die Multifunktionseinheit eine Abrichteinheit, so dass die Schleifscheibe, welche sich am gegenüberliegenden Schleifspindelstock befindet, abgerichtet werden kann. Der Reitstock und der Schleifspindelstock sind hierbei als getrennte Einheiten ausgebildet. Die am Reitstock angebrachte Reitspitze dient lediglich einer Zentrierung im Falle, dass zuvor ein so genanntes Zentrum in das Werkstück eingebracht worden ist. Eine Innenschleifvorrichtung ist weder für die Drehmaschine noch für die Schleifmaschine nicht beschrieben.In the described grinding machine, a separate tailstock is arranged opposite the workpiece headstock. A grinding headstock with a grinding wheel can grind the external surface finish and with its end faces, if necessary, also flat sides on flanges of the workpiece, but not at the immediate end, which is held by the tailstock. A second tool stick is arranged opposite to the wheelhead and is designed as a multifunction unit. For example, this multifunction unit carries a bezel and measuring sensors to perform in-process measurements. Of Furthermore, the multifunction unit carries a dressing unit, so that the grinding wheel, which is located on the opposite wheelhead, can be dressed. The tailstock and the wheelhead are here designed as separate units. The Reitspitze mounted on the tailstock is only a centering in the event that previously a so-called center has been introduced into the workpiece. An internal grinding device is not described for either the lathe or the grinding machine.

In DE 10 2005 018 959 B3 sind ein Verfahren und ein Schleifwerkzeug zum Innenrund- und Planschleifen eines Werkstückes in Form eines Zahnrades beschrieben. Dabei erfolgen ein Innenrundschleifen der Bohrung und ein anschließendes Planschleifen zumindest einer Planfläche auf einer Seite des Zahnrades mit ein und derselben Schleifscheibe, welche so profiliert ist, dass zwei unterschiedliche konische Bereiche für die jeweiligen Schleifaufgaben vorgesehen sind. Ein vorderer konischer Bereich schleift die Innenbohrung des Zahnrades, wohingegen ein hinter dem konischen Bereich abgesetzter bundartiger Schleifbereich für die eine äußere Planfläche am Zahnrad eingesetzt wird. Die Schleifspindel wird dabei entsprechend dem Konuswinkel so schräg gestellt, dass die Flächen der Innenbohrung koaxial zur Mittelachse des Zahnrades geschliffen werden. Entsprechend dem Konuswinkel des zweiten Schleifbereiches für die Planflächen wird ein solcher Anstellwinkel für die profilierte Schleifscheibe gewählt, dass die Planfläche senkrecht zur Mittelachse des Zahnrades geschliffen werden kann. Durch die derartig profilierte Schleifscheibe können die Innenfläche der Bohrung und die Planfläche an der einen Außenseite des Zahnrades nur nacheinander geschliffen werden. Einspannverhältnisse und Einrichtungen zum Schleifen auch der der geschliffenen Planseite gegenüberliegenden Planseite des Zahnrades sind nicht beschrieben.In DE 10 2005 018 959 B3 For example, a method and a grinding tool for internal cylindrical and surface grinding of a workpiece in the form of a gear are described. In this case, an internal cylindrical grinding of the bore and a subsequent surface grinding of at least one plane surface on one side of the gear wheel with one and the same grinding wheel, which is profiled in such a way that two different conical regions are provided for the respective grinding tasks. A front conical area grinds the inner bore of the gear, whereas a collar-like grinding area which is offset behind the conical area is used for the one outer plane surface on the toothed wheel. The grinding spindle is set so inclined in accordance with the cone angle that the surfaces of the inner bore are ground coaxially to the central axis of the gear. Corresponding to the cone angle of the second grinding area for the plane surfaces, such an angle of attack is selected for the profiled grinding wheel that the plane surface can be ground perpendicular to the central axis of the gear wheel. By thus profiled grinding wheel, the inner surface of the bore and the flat surface on the one outer side of the gear can be ground only one after the other. Clamping conditions and facilities for grinding even the ground plan side opposite plan side of the gear are not described.

In DE 197 53 797 C2 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Schleifen von Werkstücken mit einem Werkstückhalter und mit mindestens einem Schleifwerkzeug beschrieben. Das Werkstück kann auch ein Zahnrad sein, bei welchem die Bearbeitung von dessen Endflächen ebenfalls realisiert wird. Das Werkstück wird in einer Spannvorrichtung des Werkzeughalters eingespannt, und dort erfolgen nacheinander die Bearbeitungsvorgänge für den Innendurchmesser wie auch die Außenkonturen, d.h. die Planseiten. Nach dem Fertigschleifen der an einer Seite des Zahnrades befindlichen Planseiten sowie des Innendurchmessers wird das Werkstück mittels einer Übergabeeinrichtung aus der Maschine entladen. Ein Schleifen auch der Gegenplanseite ist bei dieser bekannten Maschine nicht beschrieben.In DE 197 53 797 C2 a device for grinding workpieces with a workpiece holder and with at least one grinding tool is described. The workpiece may also be a gear in which the machining of its end surfaces is also realized. The workpiece is clamped in a clamping device of the tool holder, and there are successively the machining operations for the inner diameter as well as the outer contours, ie the planets. After the finish grinding of the plan sides located on one side of the gear and the inner diameter, the workpiece is unloaded from the machine by means of a transfer device. A grinding of the counter plan side is not described in this known machine.

Des Weiteren ist in DE 36 28 977 A1 eine Schleifmaschine zum Innenrund-, Plan- und Außenrundschleifen bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Schleifmaschine ist ein Werkstückspindelstock mit einem Spannfutter für das zu schleifende Werkstück als einzige Spanneinrichtung vorgesehen.Furthermore, in DE 36 28 977 A1 a grinding machine for Innenrund-, surface and external cylindrical grinding known. In this known grinding a workpiece headstock is provided with a chuck for the workpiece to be ground as the only clamping device.

Das Schleifen von Bohrungen, Außenrund- und planen Außenflächen wird durch entsprechende Schleifscheiben realisiert, welche auf separaten Schleifspindelstöcken CNC-gesteuert in Schleifeingriff gebracht werden können. Ein Schleifen von Planseiten und Gegenplanseiten an ein und demselben Werkstück ist nicht beschrieben. Die Anordnung von zwei unabhängigen Schleifspindelstöcken hat die positive Folge, dass sowohl die Außenkonturen als auch ein Innenschleifen der Bohrung gleichzeitig möglich ist.The grinding of holes, outer circumferential and flat outer surfaces is realized by appropriate grinding wheels, which can be brought on separate grinding spindle sticks in CNC-controlled looping. A grinding of plan pages and counterplan pages on one and the same workpiece is not described. The arrangement of two independent grinding headstocks has the positive consequence that both the outer contours and an internal grinding of the bore is possible at the same time.

Die bekannten Schleifmaschinen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von entsprechenden Werkstücken auf diesen Schleifmaschinen haben gemein, dass die zu schleifenden Werkstücke in einer Maschine nicht komplett bearbeitet werden können.The known grinding machines and methods for producing corresponding workpieces on these grinding machines have in common that the workpieces to be ground in a machine can not be completely processed.

Weil eine komplette Schleifbearbeitung der vorstehend beschriebenen Werkstücke auf ein und derselben Schleifmaschine bei den bekannten Schleifmaschinen nicht möglich ist, müssen zur kompletten Bearbeitung derartiger Werkstücke weitere Maschinen oder zumindest entsprechende weitere Schleifstationen bereitgestellt werden. Nachteilig an diesem Konzept ist, dass dadurch eine separate Arbeitsfolge erforderlich ist und die Werkstücke hierfür in eine andere Werkzeugmaschine oder weitere Station verbracht werden müssen. Hierfür sind zusätzliche Fördereinrichtungen nötig. Des Weiteren ergibt sich dadurch der Nachteil, dass die Werkstücke bis zum Beladen in die zweite Maschine respektive zweite Station sich wieder anderen Umgebungstemperaturen und damit veränderten Umgebungseinflüssen aussetzen müssen und sich so durch unterschiedliche thermische Umgebungsbedingungen gegebenenfalls auch unterschiedlich ausdehnen, was direkten Einfluss auf die spätere Genauigkeit der Herstellung haben kann.Because a complete grinding of the above-described workpieces on one and the same grinding machine in the known grinding machines is not possible, more machines or at least corresponding further grinding stations must be provided for the complete processing of such workpieces. A disadvantage of this concept is that this requires a separate sequence of work and the workpieces must be spent for this purpose in another machine tool or another station. For this purpose, additional conveyors are needed. Furthermore, this results in the disadvantage that the workpieces must be exposed to other ambient temperatures and thus changed environmental influences again until they are loaded into the second machine or second station and thus possibly also expand differently due to different thermal ambient conditions, which directly influences the later accuracy can have the production.

Des Weiteren ist in DE 195 13 963 A1 eine numerisch gesteuerte Drehmaschine beschrieben, mittels welcher Werkstücke simultan an einer Werkstückspindel und an einer Gegenspindel innen und außen bearbeitet werden können. An der sogenannten Werkstückspindel wie auch an der Gegenspindel ist das zu bearbeitende Werkstück eingespannt und kann mit jeweils einem Bohrwerkzeug mit einer Innenbohrung versehen werden, wobei gleichzeitig auch außen geschliffen werden kann mittels Werkzeugen, welche auf einem Werkzeugträger angeordnet sind. Während der gesamten Bearbeitung bleibt das Werkstück in ein und derselben Aufspannung im jeweiligen Spannfutter und kann daher nicht in dem Spannbereich bearbeitet werden.Furthermore, in DE 195 13 963 A1 a numerically controlled lathe described by means of which workpieces can be processed simultaneously on a workpiece spindle and on a counter spindle inside and outside. On the so-called workpiece spindle as well as on the counter spindle, the workpiece to be machined is clamped and can be provided with a respective drilling tool with an internal bore, which can be ground at the same time outside by means of tools which are arranged on a tool carrier. Throughout the machining, the workpiece remains in one and the same clamping in the respective chuck and therefore can not be machined in the clamping area.

In DE 603 03 672 T2 ist eine Werkzeugmaschine beschrieben, mittels welcher an einem Werkzeug zylindrische und plane Außenflächen wie auch Bohrungen bearbeitet werden können. Dazu sind eine Reihe von Werkzeugspindelstöcken und ein Werkstückspindelstock vorgesehen, so dass die verschiedenen Arbeiten am Werkstück ausgeführt werden können. Eine Komplettbearbeitung ist ebenfalls nicht möglich, weil das Werkstück während der auszuführenden zahlreichen Bearbeitungsvorgänge im Werkstückspindelstock im Spannfutter eingespannt bleibt.In DE 603 03 672 T2 is a machine tool described by means of which on a tool cylindrical and flat outer surfaces as well as holes can be edited. For this purpose, a number of tool headstocks and a workpiece headstock are provided, so that the various work on the workpiece can be performed. A complete machining is also not possible because the workpiece remains clamped during the many processing operations to be performed in the workpiece headstock in the chuck.

In DE 38 17 161 A1 , die die Basis für den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bildet, ist eine Rundschleifmaschine mit numerischer Steuerung für das Schleifen von Futter- und Spitzenwerkstücken beschrieben. Mittels dieser bekannten Rundschleifmaschine können Innenschleifen, Außenschleifen, Planschleifen zwischen Spitzen und mit Spitze und Futter ausgeführt werden. Bei der Bearbeitung von sogenannten Futterwerkstücken verbleibt bei der Bearbeitung des Werkstückes dieses im Spannfutter eingespannt. Beim Schleifen von sogenannten Spitzenwerkstücken können zwar die Außenflächen des Werkstückes im Wesentlichen komplett bearbeitet werden, ein Bearbeiten von Bohrungen ist bei dieser Aufspannung jedoch ausgeschlossen.In DE 38 17 161 A1 , which forms the basis for the preamble of claim 1, a numerical control cylindrical grinding machine is described for grinding chuck and tip workpieces. By means of this known cylindrical grinding machine, internal grinding, external grinding, surface grinding between tips and with tip and chuck can be carried out. In the processing of so-called chuck workpieces remains when machining the workpiece this clamped in the chuck. While grinding of so-called top workpieces, although the outer surfaces of the workpiece can be processed substantially completely, an editing of holes is excluded in this setup, however.

An den bekannten Schleifkonzepten ist auch nachteilig, dass sich für die Prozessplanung größere Schwierigkeiten ergeben und ein höherer Aufwand für die Überwachung der jeweiligen Bearbeitungsschritte erforderlich ist. Dies führt zu höheren Kosten, weil gegebenenfalls beispielsweise Messinstrumente doppelt vorhanden sein müssen.It is also disadvantageous in the known grinding concepts that there are greater difficulties for the process planning and a greater effort is required for monitoring the respective processing steps. This leads to higher costs because, if necessary, for example, measuring instruments must be present twice.

Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass bei den bekannten Schleifmaschinen bzw. den auf diesen realisierten Verfahren die vorhandenen Nachteile dazu führen, dass die Werkstücke zum einen bezüglich einer hochgenauen Fertigung gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen und andererseits in der Herstellung aufwändiger und damit mit höheren Fertigungskosten hergestellt werden müssen.In summary, it should be noted that in the known grinding machines or realized on these methods, the existing disadvantages cause the workpieces on the one hand with respect to a high-precision manufacturing certain restrictions and on the other hand in the production complex and thus must be manufactured with higher manufacturing costs.

Demgegenüber besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine Schleifmaschine gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und ein damit realisiertes Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit welchen Werkstücke mit einer zentralen Bohrung und beidseitigen planen und/oder nicht-planen Außenflächen, insbesondere Zahnräder für Getriebe, hochgenau und kostengünstig komplett in einer einzigen Schleifmaschine geschliffen werden können.In contrast, the object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method realized thereby, with which workpieces with a central bore and both sides plan and / or non-planar outer surfaces, in particular gears for transmission, high precision and cost complete can be ground in a single grinding machine.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Schleifmaschine mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 11 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.This object is achieved by a grinding machine having the features according to claim 1 and by a method having the features according to claim 11. Advantageous developments are defined in the respective dependent claims.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine wird eine Komplettbearbeitung von Werkstücken realisiert, welche zumindest eine zentrale Bohrung sowie plane und nicht-plane Außenflächen an beiden Endseiten des Werkstückes aufweisen wie beispielsweise Flanschwellen oder Zahnräder für Getriebe. Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine weist einen ersten Schleifspindelstock, auf welchem eine Außen-Schleifscheibe zur Bearbeitung der entsprechenden Außenflächen des Werkstückes angeordnet ist, einen zweiten Schleifspindelstock, welcher eine Innen-Schleifscheibe zur Bearbeitung der Innenfläche der Bohrung trägt, und einen Werkstückspindelstock zum Spannen des Werkstückes auf. Das zu schleifende Werkstück ist in einem Spannfutter des Werkstückspindelstockes eingespannt, so dass das Werkstück an den nicht durch das Spannfutter abgedeckten Außenflächen und in den Innenflächen der Bohrung geschliffen werden kann. D.h., dass sowohl die planen wie auch die nicht-planen Außenflächen, welche in Richtung auf den zweiten Schleifspindelstock weisen, und die Bohrung geschliffen werden können. Im Werkstückspindelstock ist das Werkstück nun so eingespannt, dass es bezüglich seiner räumlichen Anordnung auf einer Mittelachse des Spannfutters in einer ersten Spannposition festgelegt ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist an bzw. auf dem zweiten Schleifspindelstock eine Spanneinrichtung angeordnet, d.h. der zweite Schleifspindelstock trägt eine solche Spanneinrichtung. Die Spanneinrichtung ist mit dem zweiten Schleifspindelstock fest verbunden, wenn auch separat bezüglich zumindest einer CNC-Achse zu dem Schleifspindelstock gesteuert verfahrbar. Für die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine ist die vom Schleifspindelstock getragene Innen-Schleifscheibe das Bearbeitungswerkzeug, und gemäß der Erfindung sind Bearbeitungswerkzeug und Spannmittel zu einer festen Einheit im Sinne einer Kombieinheit miteinander verbunden.With the grinding machine according to the invention, a complete machining of workpieces is realized which have at least one central bore and flat and non-planar outer surfaces on both end sides of the workpiece, such as flange shafts or gears for transmission. The grinding machine according to the invention has a first wheelhead, on which an outer grinding wheel is arranged for machining the respective outer surfaces of the workpiece, a second wheel head, which carries an inner grinding wheel for machining the inner surface of the bore, and a workpiece headstock for clamping the workpiece. The workpiece to be ground is clamped in a chuck of the workpiece headstock, so that the workpiece can be ground on the outer surfaces not covered by the chuck and in the inner surfaces of the bore. This means that both the flat and the nonplanar outer surfaces pointing in the direction of the second wheelhead and the bore can be ground. In the workpiece headstock, the workpiece is now clamped so that it is fixed with respect to its spatial arrangement on a central axis of the chuck in a first clamping position. According to the invention, a tensioning device is arranged on or on the second wheelhead, ie the second wheelhead carries such a tensioning device. The tensioning device is fixedly connected to the second wheelhead, although it can also be moved in a controlled manner with respect to at least one CNC axis to the wheelhead. For the grinding machine according to the invention, the inside grinding wheel carried by the grinding headstock is the working tool, and according to the invention, the working tool and the clamping means are connected together to form a fixed unit in the sense of a combination unit.

Prinzipiell mag es zunächst nachteilig erscheinen, eine zusätzliche Spanneinrichtung an einen Schleifspindelstock anzubringen, weil der Schleifspindelstock als solcher ein hochkomplexes und kostenintensives Bauelement bzw. eine kostenmäßig teure Baugruppe darstellt, welche nämlich immer dann, wenn die Spanneinrichtung wirksam ist, nicht für seine eigentliche Aufgabe, das Schleifen, einsetzbar ist. Dies bedeutet, wenn man geringe Taktzeiten erreichen will, ist es erforderlich, zumindest zwei Schleifspindelstöcke vorzusehen, um gewisse zu schleifende Abschnitte zumindest zeitweise zeitparallel durchführen zu können. Wegen der hohen Genauigkeit, welche heute beim Schleifen gefordert und erreicht werden müssen, sind die Schleifspindelstöcke entsprechend komplex und mit hoher Stabilität aufgebaut. Überraschenderweise hat sich nun gezeigt, dass diese hohe Stabilität förderlich für die Spanneinrichtung als solche genutzt werden kann, ohne dass eine zweite, ebenfalls eine hohe Stabilität aufweisen müssende Spanneinrichtung vorgesehen sein muss. Die Spanneinrichtung profitiert sozusagen von der inneren Stabilität und Steifigkeit des Schleifspindelstockes. Dadurch entsteht auch in der Kombination von Werkzeug und Spannmittel eine hochpräzise arbeitende Baugruppe, mittels welcher zudem die Fertigungsgenauigkeit von komplexen Werkstücken erhöht und diese Werkstücke auch auf einer einzigen Maschine hinsichtlich ihrer zentralen Bohrung sowie planen und nicht-planen Außenflächen auf beiden Seiten komplett bearbeitet werden kann.In principle, it may initially appear disadvantageous to attach an additional clamping device to a wheelhead, because the wheelhead as such represents a highly complex and expensive component or a costly expensive assembly, namely, always, when the clamping device is effective, not for its actual task, the grinding, can be used. This means that if you want to achieve low cycle times, it is necessary to provide at least two Schleifspindelstöcke to perform certain sections to be sanded at least temporarily time parallel. Due to the high accuracy that is required and required for grinding today, the grinding headstocks are correspondingly complex and built with high stability. Surprisingly, it has now been found that this high stability can be used conducive to the clamping device as such, without having to provide a second clamping device which also has to have a high stability. The clamping device benefits, as it were, from the internal stability and rigidity of the wheelhead. This results in the combination of tool and clamping means a high-precision working assembly, by means of which also increases the manufacturing accuracy of complex workpieces and these workpieces can be completely processed on a single machine with respect to their central bore and plan and non-planar outer surfaces on both sides ,

Der zweite, die Spanneinrichtung tragende Schleifspindelstock ist nun bezüglich der Mittelachse dieser Spanneinrichtung so verfahrbar, dass die Spanneinrichtung in die bereits geschliffene Bohrung des Werkstückes einfahrbar ist und das Werkstück damit in einer zweiten Spannposition einspannbar ist. In dieser zweiten Spannposition fluchten die Mittelachse der Spanneinrichtung und die Mittelachse des Spannfutters miteinander, wobei beide Spannpositionen zumindest zeitweise zeitgleich existieren. Nachdem die erste Spannposition gelöst ist und die zweite Spannposition dann die einzige Einspannung darstellt, wird mittels der Außen-Schleifscheibe eine zweite plane und/oder nicht-plane Außenfläche geschliffen, welche in Richtung auf den Werkstückspindelstock weist. Indem die erste und die zweite Spannposition so realisiert sind, dass deren Mittelachsen miteinander fluchten und nach Freigabe der ersten Spannposition die räumliche Positionierung des zu schleifenden Werkstückes mit hoher Präzision beibehalten wird, kann eine hohe Schleifgenauigkeit erreicht werden, und zwar für die erste Planseite und die Gegenplanseite, welche als die zweite plane Außenfläche zu verstehen ist, welche auf den Werkstückspindelstock weist.The second grinding headstock carrying the tensioning device is now movable with respect to the center axis of this tensioning device such that the tensioning device can be introduced into the already ground bore of the workpiece and the workpiece can thus be clamped in a second tensioning position. In this second clamping position, the center axis of the clamping device and the center axis of the chuck are aligned with each other, wherein both clamping positions exist at least temporarily at the same time. After the first clamping position is released and the second clamping position then represents the only clamping, a second plane and / or non-planar outer surface is ground by means of the outer grinding wheel, which points in the direction of the workpiece headstock. By the first and the second clamping position are realized so that their central axes are aligned and the spatial positioning of the workpiece to be ground with high precision is maintained after release of the first clamping position, a high grinding accuracy can be achieved, namely for the first plane side and Counterplan side, which is to be understood as the second plane outer surface, which points to the workpiece headstock.

Vorzugsweise ist die Spanneinrichtung ein Spanndom, welcher CNC-gesteuert in axialer Richtung verfahrbar und insbesondere rotatorisch angetrieben ist. Es sind aber auch technische Ausführungen denkbar, bei denen der Spanndorn entlang seiner Längsachse nicht verschoben werden muss und lediglich nur einen Rotationsantrieb aufweist. Die axiale Verfahrbarkeit, die dann entweder am Spanndorn oder durch den zweiten Schleifspindelstock mittels der Z2-Achse erfolgt, dient dazu, den Spanndorn für optimale Einspannverhältnisse soweit in die zentrale Bohrung des Werkstückes einzufahren, dass dieses zuverlässig und ohne die Entstehung von Schrägeinspannungen eingespannt ist, so dass die in der Werkstückspindel mittels der dortigen Spannvorrichtung erzeugte Mittelachse nach Übergabe an den Spanndorn für das Werkstück erhalten bleibt.Preferably, the tensioning device is a tensioning dome, which is driven in a CNC-controlled manner in the axial direction and in particular rotatably driven. But there are also technical versions conceivable in which the mandrel along its longitudinal axis does not have to be moved and only has a rotary drive. The axial movability, which then takes place either on the mandrel or by the second wheelhead by means of the Z2 axis, is used to retract the mandrel so far for optimal clamping conditions in the central bore of the workpiece that this is clamped reliably and without the formation of Schräginspannungen so that the center axis produced in the workpiece spindle by means of the clamping device there is retained after transfer to the mandrel for the workpiece.

Vorzugsweise ist der Spanndorn als ein Hydrodehn-Element ausgebildet. Ein derartiges Hydrodehn-Element weist einen mit einem Hydraulikfluid beaufschlagbaren Bereich auf, welcher unter der Wirkung eines höheren Druckes des Hydraulikfluids so deformierbar ist, dass sich die Außenoberflächen des Spanndornes an die Innenflächen der Bohrung mit einer solchen Kraft anlegen, dass das Werkstück in der Bohrung fest eingespannt ist. Der Vorteil eines hydrostatisch wirkenden Spanndornes besteht unter anderem darin, dass die Einspannung in kurzer Zeit erzeugt und in ebenso kurzer Zeit auch wieder gelöst werden kann. Des Weiteren weisen Hydrodehn-Spannelemente sehr gute Werte in Bezug auf die Präzision der Spannung auf. Darüber hinaus kann die Größe der Einspannkraft durch die Höhe des Druckes des Hydraulikfluids gesteuert werden.Preferably, the mandrel is formed as a Hydrodehn element. Such a hydraulic expansion element has an area to be acted upon by a hydraulic fluid, which under the action of a higher pressure of the hydraulic fluid is deformable so that the outer surfaces of the mandrel bear against the inner surfaces of the bore with such a force that the workpiece is in the bore is firmly clamped. The advantage of a hydrostatically acting mandrel is, inter alia, that the clamping generated in a short time and can be solved in a very short time again. Furthermore, hydraulic tensioning elements have very good values with regard to the precision of the stress. In addition, the size of the clamping force can be controlled by the level of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.

Vorzugsweise weist der erste Schleifspindelstock zwei Schleifspindeleinheiten mit jeweiligen Schleifscheiben auf, mittels welcher zumindest die erste und die zweite plane Außenfläche am Werkstück schleifbar sind. Die Schleifspindeleinheiten sind in X1- und Z1-Achsrichtung CNC-gesteuert verfahrbar, so dass in der X1-Z1-Ebene jede Position mit hoher Genauigkeit entsprechend den Schleifbedingungen anfahrbar ist. Zusätzlich weist der Schleifspindelstock eine B-Achse auf, welche ebenfalls CNC-gesteuert ist und mit welcher die jeweiligen Schleifscheiben auf den dazugehörigen Schleifspindeln in Schleifeingriffsposition am Werkstück einschwenkbar sind. Ein Vorteil dieser Anordnung von zwei Schleifspindeln auf dem ersten Schleifspindelstock besteht darin, dass eine hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich der zu schleifenden Außenflächen bei einer Optimierung des Schleifaufwandes und gleichzeitige Erhöhung der Fertigungsgenauigkeit durch Modifizierung bei den entsprechenden Schleifscheiben erzielt werden können.Preferably, the first wheelhead has two grinding spindle units with respective grinding wheels, by means of which at least the first and the second plane outer surface are grindable on the workpiece. The grinding spindle units can be moved in a CNC-controlled manner in X1 and Z1 axis directions, so that in the X1-Z1 plane each position can be approached with high accuracy in accordance with the grinding conditions. In addition, the wheelhead has a B-axis, which is also CNC-controlled and with which the respective grinding wheels are pivoted on the associated grinding spindles in the grinding engagement position on the workpiece. An advantage of this arrangement of two grinding spindles on the first wheelhead is that a high flexibility in terms of the outer surfaces to be ground with an optimization of the grinding effort and at the same time increasing the manufacturing accuracy by modification of the corresponding grinding wheels can be achieved.

Gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist der erste Schleifspindelstock mit einer Abrichtspindel versehen, welche vorzugsweise eine Diamant-Abrichtscheibe zum Abrichten der Innen-Schleifscheibe aufweist. Der Vorteil besteht somit darin, dass die für die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine vorgesehenen zwei Schleifspindelstöcke insoweit zusammenarbeiten, als der eine Schleifspindelstock (der erste) mit der dort angeordneten Abrichtspindel die Schleifscheibe des anderen Schleifspindelstockes (des zweiten) abrichten kann, um nach entsprechendem Schleifscheibenverschleiß wieder gewünschte Schleifbedingungen für eine hohe Schleifgenauigkeit erreichen zu können.According to a further embodiment, the first wheelhead is provided with a dressing spindle, which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel. The advantage, therefore, is that the two grinding headstocks provided for the grinding machine according to the invention cooperate insofar as one grinding headstock (the first) with the dressing spindle arranged there can dress the grinding wheel of the other grinding headstock (the second), in order to obtain the desired grinding conditions again after corresponding grinding wheel wear to achieve a high grinding accuracy.

Vorzugsweise ist der zweite Schleifspindelstock mit der daran angeordneten Schleifspindeleinheit für das Schleifen der Innenflächen der Bohrung in X2- und Z2-Achrichtung CNC-gesteuert verfahrbar. Damit ist auch die zweite Schleifspindeleinheit zusammen mit der Spanneinrichtung bzw. dem Spanndorn in der X2-Z2-Ebene so verfahrbar, dass jeder erforderliche Punkt am Werkstück angefahren werden kann.Preferably, the second wheelhead with the grinding spindle unit arranged thereon for the grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore in X2 and Z2-axis direction is CNC-controlled movable. Thus, the second grinding spindle unit together with the clamping device or the mandrel in the X2-Z2 plane is movable so that any required point on the workpiece can be approached.

Weiter vorzugsweise weist der Werkstückspindelstock zwei Werkstückspindeln mit je einem Spannfutter auf, welche 180 Grad zueinander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Die jeweilige Werkstückspindel kann mittels einer Dreheinheit am Werkstückspindelstock aus einer ersten Position, in welcher zumindest die erste plane Außenfläche und gegebenenfalls auch die nicht-planen Außenflächen sowie die Innenfläche der Bohrung des zu schleifenden Werkstückes schleifbar sind, in eine zweite Position geschwenkt werden, in welcher das nächste Werkstück beladen wird. Ein neues noch zu schleifendes Werkstück kann in den Werkstückspindelstock geladen werden, welches anschließend in die Schleifposition um 180 Grad geschwenkt wird.Further preferably, the workpiece headstock on two workpiece spindles, each with a chuck, which are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other. The respective workpiece spindle can be pivoted by means of a rotary unit on the workpiece headstock from a first position, in which at least the first plane outer surface and possibly also the non-planar outer surfaces and the inner surface of the bore of the workpiece to be ground, into a second position in which the next workpiece is loaded. A new workpiece still to be ground can be loaded into the workpiece headstock, which is then swiveled 180 degrees into the grinding position.

Weiter vorzugsweise sind die beiden Schleifspindelstöcke je auf einem Kreuzschlitten angeordnet, so dass eine zuverlässige CNC-gesteuerte Bewegung in einer X1-Z1-Ebene und X2-Z2-Ebene erfolgen kann.Further preferably, the two grinding spindle sticks are each arranged on a cross slide, so that a reliable CNC-controlled movement can take place in an X1-Z1 plane and X2-Z2 plane.

Da zwei Schleifspindelstöcke bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine vorhanden sind und die erste Schleifspindeleinheit die Außen-Schleifscheibe und die zweite Schleifspindeleinheit die Innen-Schleifscheibe trägt, werden weiter vorzugsweise diese beiden Schleifscheiben derart gesteuert in Schleifeingriff gebracht, dass zumindest die erste plane Außenfläche und die Bohrung zumindest zeitweise zeitgleich schleifbar sind. Damit kann die Taktzeit für die Herstellung des Werkstückes verringert werden, wobei durch das zeitparallele Schleifen der Innenflächen der Bohrung und der planen und nicht-planen Außenflächen mittels insbesondere einer profilierten Schleifscheibe durch die jeweiligen Schleifscheiben eingebrachte Schleifkräfte zumindest in gewisser Weise kompensiert werden können, wodurch sich die Genauigkeit des Schleifergebnisses erhöhen lässt.Since two grinding spindle sticks are present in the grinding machine according to the invention and the first grinding spindle unit carries the outer grinding wheel and the second grinding spindle unit the inner grinding wheel, more preferably these two grinding wheels are controlled in such a looped engagement that at least the first plane outer surface and the bore at least temporarily can be sanded at the same time. Thus, the cycle time for the production of the workpiece can be reduced, which can be compensated by the time-parallel grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore and the plan and non-planar outer surfaces by means of in particular a profiled grinding wheel by the respective grinding wheels introduced grinding forces at least in some ways increase the accuracy of the grinding result.

Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung wird das Verfahren zum Komplettschleifen von Werkstücken insbesondere Zahnräder für Getriebe, mit einer zentralen Bohrung und planen sowie nicht-planen Außenflächen auf einer zuvor beschriebenen Schleifmaschine realisiert. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird ein Werkstück zunächst in einem Werkstückspindelstock eingespannt. In dieser Spannposition werden mit einer Außen-Schleifscheibe zunächst erste Außenflächen an dem eingespannten Werkstück und zumindest zeitweise zeitparallel Innenflächen in der zentralen Bohrung des Werkstückes mittels einer Innen-Schleifscheibe fertiggeschliffen. Anschließend wird eine Spanneinrichtung, welche mit einem, die Innen-Schleifscheibe tragenden Schleifspindelstock eine feste Einheit bildet, in die Bohrung des Werkstückes eingeführt und zumindest zeitweise zeitparallel zu der Einspannung im Werkzeugspindelstock das Werkstück festgespannt. Die Festspannung durch die Spanneinrichtung wird dabei derart durchgeführt, dass die Mittelachsen von Spannfutter des Werkstückspindelstockes und Spanneinrichtung auf dem zweiten Schleifspindelstock miteinander fluchten. Dadurch wird die Lage des Werkstückes im Raum aus der ersten Spannposition auf dem Werkzeugspindelstock beibehalten, und zwar selbst dann, wenn die Einspannung vom Werkzeugspindelstock später gelöst ist. Nach dem Lösen der Einspannung durch den Werkstückspindelstock werden dann die zweiten Außenflächen, welche den ersten Außenflächen am Werkstück gegenüberliegen und wegen der Einspannung im Werkzeitspindelstock zunächst nicht geschliffen werden können, fertiggeschliffen. Die Kombination einer Spanneinrichtung mit einem Schleifspindelstock bietet hier ein hochgenaues Spannen, d.h. Übergeben eines zunächst mit dem Werkstückspindelstock eingespannten Werkstückes an eine in der zentralen Bohrung des Werkstückes vorgenommenen zweite Einspannung mittels der Spanneinrichtung. Damit ist eine komplette Schleifbearbeitung derartiger Werkstücke auf ein und derselben Schleifmaschine mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren realisierbar.According to a second aspect of the invention, the method for complete grinding of workpieces, in particular gear wheels for transmissions, having a central bore and planar and non-planar outer surfaces is realized on a previously described grinding machine. In the method according to the invention, a workpiece is first clamped in a workpiece headstock. In this clamping position, first outer surfaces on the clamped workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel inner surfaces in the central bore of the workpiece are finished with an outer grinding wheel by means of an inner grinding wheel. Subsequently, a clamping device, which forms a solid unit with a grinding wheel bearing the inner grinding wheel, inserted into the bore of the workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel to the clamping in the tool headstock clamped the workpiece. The fixed tension by the clamping device is carried out such that the center axes of the chuck of the workpiece headstock and clamping device on the second wheel head are aligned. Thereby, the position of the workpiece in the space from the first clamping position on the tool headstock is maintained, even if the clamping is released from the tool spindle later. After releasing the clamping by the workpiece headstock then the second outer surfaces which are opposite to the first outer surfaces of the workpiece and can not be ground because of the clamping in the Werkzeitspindelstock initially finished. The combination of a clamping device with a wheelhead offers here a highly accurate clamping, ie passing a first clamped with the workpiece headstock workpiece to a made in the central bore of the workpiece second clamping means of the clamping device. This is a complete grinding process Such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine with the inventive method feasible.

Vorzugsweise wird die Spanneinrichtung hydraulisch aus ihrer Freigabe- in ihre Spannposition und umgekehrt gesteuert. Das hydraulische Steuern der Spanneinrichtung zum Zwecke des Spannens wie auch zum Zwecke des Lösens aus einer Spannposition hat den Vorteil, dass dies lediglich über den Druck des Hydraulikfluids realisiert wird und dadurch in kurzen Zeiten ein Spannen wie auch ein Lösen realisiert werden können.Preferably, the clamping device is hydraulically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa. The hydraulic control of the clamping device for the purpose of clamping as well as for the purpose of release from a clamping position has the advantage that this is realized only by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid and thereby clamping in a short time as well as a release can be realized.

Weiter vorzugsweise kann die Spanneinrichtung auch mechanisch, elektrisch oder elektro-magnetisch aus ihrer Freigabe- in ihre Spannposition und umgekehrt gesteuert werden. Die Art und Weise des physikalischen Prinzips der Steuerung der Spanneinrichtung hängt dabei vom jeweiligen Einsatzfall ab, wobei die Vorteile der jeweiligen physikalischen Steuerprinzipien dem hier relevanten Durchschnittsfachmann bekannt sind.Further preferably, the clamping device can also be mechanically, electrically or electro-magnetically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa. The manner of the physical principle of the control of the clamping device depends on the particular application, wherein the advantages of the respective physical control principles are known to those skilled in the relevant art.

Vorzugsweise wird der Werkstückspindelstock aus einer Position, in der eine Spanneinrichtung das Werkstück in einer Schleifposition hält, in eine Beladeposition geschwenkt, nachdem das Werkstück fertiggeschliffen worden ist, und zwar bezüglich der ersten und der zweiten Außenflächen wie auch der Bohrung, aus welcher - weil der Werkstückspindelstock vorzugsweise zwei Spanneinrichtungen aufweist - ein neu zu schleifendes Werkstück in eine Schleifposition zurückgeschwenkt wird. Dadurch wird Taktzeit gespart, weil mit Einschwenken eines zu schleifenden Werkstückes in die Schleifposition, d.h. in der ersten Spannposition keine weiteren Nebenzeiten für das Spannen des nächsten Werkstückes entstehen.Preferably, the workpiece headstock is pivoted from a position in which a clamping device holds the workpiece in a grinding position in a loading position after the workpiece has been finished ground, with respect to the first and the second outer surfaces as well as the bore, from which - Workpiece headstock preferably has two clamping devices - a newly sanded workpiece is pivoted back into a grinding position. As a result, cycle time is saved, because with swinging a workpiece to be ground in the grinding position, i. In the first clamping position, no additional non-productive time is created for clamping the next workpiece.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die zweiten planen Außenflächen im Geradeeinstechverfahren geschliffen. Das ist vor allen Dingen dann von Vorteil, wenn die Gegenplanfläche keine Schultern oder Absätze aufweist, welche nicht-plane Flächen aufweisen und vorzugsweise mit einer profilierten Schleifscheibe geschliffen werden müssten. Das Schleifen mittels eines Geradeeinstechverfahrens wird vorzugweise dadurch realisiert, dass unterschiedliche Schleifscheiben für die Außenflächen auf der einen Seite des Werkstückes und für die Außenflächen auf der anderen Seite des Werkstückes verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise werden die ersten planen und nicht-planen Außenflächen mittels einer profilierten Schleifscheibe geschliffen. Die profilierte Schleifscheibe ermöglicht ein zeitparalleles Schleifen aller zu schleifenden ersten Außenflächen, womit ebenfalls Taktzeit bei der Herstellung des Werkstückes eingespart werden kann.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the second flat outer surfaces are ground in straight piercing. This is especially advantageous if the counter plan surface has no shoulders or shoulders, which have non-planar surfaces and would preferably have to be ground with a profiled grinding wheel. Grinding by means of a straight plunge method is preferably realized by using different grinding wheels for the outer surfaces on one side of the workpiece and for the outer surfaces on the other side of the workpiece. Preferably, the first planar and non-planar outer surfaces are ground by means of a profiled grinding wheel. The profiled grinding wheel allows a time-parallel grinding of all first outer surfaces to be ground, which also cycle time can be saved in the manufacture of the workpiece.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird Kühlschmierstoff über das Innere des Werkstückspindelstockes zur Innen-Schleifscheibe zugeführt. Damit ist es möglich, den Schleifprozess an den Innenflächen der Bohrung optimal durchzuführen, ohne dass Kühlschmierstoffzuführleitungen im Bereich der Schleifspindel bzw. Innen-Schleifscheibe störend wären.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, cooling lubricant is supplied to the inner grinding wheel via the interior of the workpiece headstock. This makes it possible to optimally carry out the grinding process on the inner surfaces of the bore, without that Kühlschmierstoffzuführleitungen would be disturbing in the grinding spindle or inner grinding wheel.

Das Verfahren ist vorzugsweise derartig ausgebildet, dass die Innen-Schleifscheibe die Bohrung zunächst vorschleift und anschließend fertigschleift. Dazu weist die Innen-Schleifscheibe zwei Schleifbereiche auf, welche nacheinander in die Innenfläche der Bohrung in Eingriff gebracht werden. Dadurch entfällt eine Umspannung bzw. ein Vertakten einer ansonsten zu verwendenden Vorschleifscheibe und anschließende Verwendung einer Fertigschleifscheibe.The method is preferably designed such that the inner grinding wheel first pre-grinding the bore and then finished grinding. For this purpose, the inner grinding wheel on two grinding areas, which are successively brought into the inner surface of the bore engaged. This eliminates the need for a strapping or a previously used pre-grinding wheel and subsequent use of a finish grinding wheel.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nun anhand der Zeichnungen detailliert erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1: eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine in prinzipieller Darstellung;
  • Figur 2: eine Teilschnittansicht der Schnittebene A-A für den Werkstückspindelstock aus Figur 1;
  • Figur 3: in prinzipieller Darstellung den gleichzeitigen Eingriff einer profilierten Schleifscheibe des ersten Schleifspindelstockes und der Innen-Schleifscheibe des zweiten Schleifspindelstockes;
  • Figur 4: eine Position des zweiten Schleifspindelstockes, bei welcher die Spanneinrichtung bezüglich der Mittelachse der Spanneinrichtung des Werkstückspindelstockes ausgerichtet und kurz vor dem Einführen in die Bohrung des Werkstückes ist;
  • Figur 5: eine sich an die Position gemäß Figur 4 anschließende Position des zweiten Schleifspindelstockes bei in die Bohrung des Werkstückes eingefahrener und in Spannposition befindlicher Spanneinrichtung;
  • Figur 6: das in der Bohrung mittels der Spanneinrichtung gespannte Werkstück, welches im Geradeeinstechverfahren ein Schleifen der Gegenplanseite erfährt;
  • Figur 7: eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Schleifens der Gegenplanseite mittels einer Geradeeinstechschleifscheibe;
  • Figur 8: ein Schleifen der Gegenplanseite mittels Schrägeinstechschleifverfahren bzw. Schrägeinstechschleifscheibe;
  • Figur 9: ein Innenschleifen der Bohrung des Werkstückes mittels einer Innen-Schleifscheibe mit Vorschleif- und Fertigschleifbereich bei gleichzeitiger Zufuhr von Kühlschmiermittel durch den Werkstückspindelstock zur Schleifstelle; und
  • Figur 10: ein Innenschleifen der Bohrung mit einer Innen-Schleifscheibe mit einem Vorschleif- und einem Fertigschleifbereich bei Vorschleifen im Schälschleifverfahren und Fertigschleifen im Einstechschleifverfahren.
Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawing show:
  • FIG. 1 a plan view of the grinding machine according to the invention in a schematic representation;
  • FIG. 2 : A partial sectional view of the cutting plane AA for the workpiece headstock FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 : in a schematic representation of the simultaneous engagement of a profiled grinding wheel of the first wheelhead and the inner grinding wheel of the second wheelhead;
  • FIG. 4 a position of the second wheelhead in which the tensioner is aligned with the center axis of the workhead tensioner and is about to be inserted into the workpiece bore;
  • FIG. 5 : one to the position according to FIG. 4 subsequent position of the second wheelhead with in the bore of the workpiece retracted and located in clamping position clamping device;
  • FIG. 6 : the workpiece clamped in the bore by means of the tensioning device, which undergoes a grinding of the counter-plan side in the straight piercing method;
  • FIG. 7 : an enlarged view of the grinding of the counter-plan side by means of a straight line grinding wheel;
  • FIG. 8 a grinding of the counter-plan side by means of oblique incision grinding method or oblique incision grinding wheel;
  • FIG. 9 an inner grinding of the bore of the workpiece by means of an inner grinding wheel with roughing and finish grinding area with simultaneous supply of cooling lubricant through the workpiece headstock to the grinding point; and
  • FIG. 10 : Internal grinding of the bore with an internal grinding wheel with a roughing and finish grinding area for rough grinding in the peel grinding process and finish grinding in the plunge grinding process.

In Figur 1 ist in prinzipieller Darstellung eine Draufsicht der erfindungsgemäßen Schleifmaschine dargestellt, welche auch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführt. Auf einem Maschinenbett 1 sind ein erster Schleifspindelstock 2, ein zweiter Schleifspindelstock 17 und ein Werkstückspindelstock 9 angeordnet, welche in einer definierten Beziehung zueinander vorliegen. Der erste Schleifspindelstock 2 trägt eine erste Schleifspindel 3, an welcher eine Schleifscheibe 3.1 angeordnet ist. Am ersten Schleifspindelstock 2 ist eine weitere Schleifspindel 4 angebracht, welche eine weitere Schleifscheibe 4.1 aufnimmt. Die Schleifscheibe 4.1 ist profiliert und dient dem Schleifen der ersten planen Außenflächen 14.1 sowie der nicht-planen Außenflächen 14.4 eines Werkstückes 14, welches in einer Spanneinrichtung 12 einer ersten Werkstückspindel 10 eingespannt ist, welche über eine CNC-gesteuerte Achse C1 das Werkstück 14 in Rotation versetzt. Die profilierte Schleifscheibe 4.1 wird mittels der CNC-gesteuerten Achsen X1 und Z1 der ersten Schleifspindeleinheit 2 in Schleifeingriff am Werkstück 14 gebracht.In FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plan view of the grinding machine according to the invention shown, which also performs the inventive method. On a machine bed 1, a first wheelhead 2, a second wheelhead 17 and a workpiece headstock 9 are arranged, which are present in a defined relationship to each other. The first wheelhead 2 carries a first grinding spindle 3, on which a grinding wheel 3.1 is arranged. On the first wheelhead 2, a further grinding spindle 4 is mounted, which receives a further grinding wheel 4.1. The grinding wheel 4.1 is profiled and serves the grinding of the first flat outer surfaces 14.1 and the non-planar outer surfaces 14.4 of a workpiece 14, which is clamped in a clamping device 12 of a first workpiece spindle 10, which via a CNC-controlled axis C1, the workpiece 14 in rotation added. The profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is brought into grinding engagement with the workpiece 14 by means of the CNC-controlled axes X1 and Z1 of the first grinding spindle unit 2.

Der erste Schleifspindelstock 2 besitzt des Weiteren eine in der Zeichnungsebene senkrecht verlaufende B-Achse, sodass mittels einer Schwenkbewegung um die B-Achse des Schleifspindelstockes 2 wahlweise die profilierte Schleifscheibe 4.1 oder die Schleifscheibe 3.1 in Eingriff am Werkstück gebracht werden kann. Die Schleifscheibe 3.1 ist zum Schleifen der zweiten planen Außenfläche 14.2 am Werkstück vorgesehen. In der in Figur 1 gezeigten Darstellung ist die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.2 innerhalb der Spanneinrichtung 12 der Werkstückspindel 10 eingespannt und kann daher während dieses Eingespanntseins nicht geschliffen werden.The first wheelhead 2 also has a B-axis extending perpendicularly in the plane of the drawing so that either the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 or the grinding wheel 3.1 can be brought into engagement with the workpiece by means of a pivotal movement about the B-axis of the wheelhead 2. The grinding wheel 3.1 is provided for grinding the second flat outer surface 14.2 on the workpiece. In the in FIG. 1 As shown, the second plane outer surface 14.2 is clamped within the clamping device 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and therefore can not be ground during this clamping.

Die profilierte Schleifscheibe 4.1 ist nun so ausgebildet und kann an die zu schleifende Außenkontur in Schleifeingriff gebracht werden, dass zumindest teilweise zeitparallel die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1, welche an dem zweiten Schleifspindelstock 17 mit der Schleifspindel 19 angeordnet ist, in die Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 eingebracht werden kann, so dass die Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes fertiggeschliffen werden kann, ohne dass Taktzeit dadurch verloren geht. Im Gegensatz dazu werden bei Schleifmaschinen bzw. Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik die Schleifoperationen an den Außenflächen und an der Innenfläche nacheinander ausgeführt.The profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is now formed and can be brought to the outer contour to be ground in looping engagement, that at least partially time-parallel, the inner grinding wheel 19.1, which is arranged on the second grinding headstock 17 with the grinding spindle 19, can be introduced into the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, so that the bore 14.3 of the workpiece can be finish-ground without loss of cycle time. In contrast, in grinding machines and methods according to the prior art, the grinding operations on the outer surfaces and on the inner surface are carried out successively.

Der zweite Schleifspindelstock 17 ist als Kombinationseinheit ausgebildet, indem auf dem Schleifspindelstock eine zusätzliche Spanneinrichtung 20 montiert ist, welche zum einen mittels der CNC-Achsen X2 und Z2 mit dem Schleifspindelstock 17 in der X2-Z2-Ebene verfahrbar ist, wobei zusätzlich die Spanneinrichtung 20 eine axiale Verschiebung 21 entlang einer Mittelachse 20.1 erfahren kann.The second wheelhead 17 is formed as a combination unit by an additional clamping device 20 is mounted on the wheelhead, which is movable on the one hand by means of the CNC axes X2 and Z2 with the wheelhead 17 in the X2-Z2 plane, wherein additionally the clamping device 20th can experience an axial displacement 21 along a central axis 20.1.

Nachdem die planen 14.1 und nicht-planen Außenflächen 14.2 sowie die Innenfläche der Bohrung 14.3 fertiggeschliffen sind, wird der Schleifspindelstock 17 hinsichtlich seiner Mittelachse soweit in X2-Richtung verfahren, dass die Mittelachse 20.1 der Spanneinrichtung 20 mit der Mittelachse 10.1 der Werkstückspindel 10 des Werkstückspindelstockes 9 fluchtet. In dieser Position des Spindelstockes 17 wird die Spanneinrichtung 20 in die Bohrung 14.3 eingefahren und nimmt das Werkstück in Form einer Einspannung auf. Dabei ist über eine definierte, relativ kurze Zeit das Werkstück sowohl in der Spanneinrichtung 12 des Werkstückspindelstockes 9 wie auch mit der Einspannung durch die Spanneinrichtung 20 gespannt. Nach erfolgter Einspannung des Werkstückes 14 mittels der Spanneinrichtung 20 wird die Spanneinrichtung 12 des Werkstückspindelstockes 9 gelöst und der zweite Schleifspindelstock 17 verfahren. Dadurch wird die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.4 freigegeben, so dass mittels des ersten Schleifspindelstockes 2 die Schleifscheibe 3.1 in Schleifposition gelangen kann. Die Schleifscheibe 3.1 ist als Planschleifscheibe ausgebildet, so dass die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.2 im Wege des Geradeeinstechschleifens erzeugt wird. Damit ist es möglich, ein Werkstück, insbesondere in Form eines Zahnrades für Getriebe, in ein und derselben Schleifmaschine hinsichtlich der vorderen wie auch der hinteren Außenseiten und der Innenflächen der Bohrung fertigzuschleifen. Hierdurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die einzelnen geschliffenen Partien am Werkstück in geringen Maß-, Lage- und Formtoleranzen zueinander gefertigt werden.After the plan 14.1 and non-planar outer surfaces 14.2 and the inner surface of the bore 14.3 are finished, the grinding spindle 17 is moved with respect to its central axis in the X2 direction so far that the central axis 20.1 of the clamping device 20 with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 of the workpiece headstock. 9 flees. In this position of the headstock 17, the clamping device 20 is retracted into the bore 14.3 and receives the workpiece in the form of a clamping. In this case, over a defined, relatively short time, the workpiece is tensioned both in the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 as well as with the clamping by the clamping device 20. After the clamping of the workpiece 14 by means of the clamping device 20, the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 is released and the second wheelhead 17 is moved. As a result, the second plane outer surface 14.4 is released, so that by means of the first wheelhead 2, the grinding wheel 3.1 can reach the grinding position. The grinding wheel 3.1 is designed as a flat grinding wheel, so that the second planar outer surface 14.2 is produced in the way of the straight-cut grinding. This makes it possible to finish a workpiece, in particular in the form of a gear for gears, in one and the same grinding machine with respect to the front as well as the rear outer sides and the inner surfaces of the bore. In this way it can be ensured that the individual ground parts are manufactured on the workpiece in small dimensional, positional and form tolerances to each other.

Der Werkstückspindelstock 9 ist nun so ausgebildet, dass zwei Spindeln vorhanden sind, welche in einer 180°-Anordnung entgegengesetzt am Werkstückspindelstock 9 angeordnet sind. In der Zeichnung auf der rechten Seite ist der Werkstückspindelstock 10 mit seiner Mittelachse 10.1 und der daran angebrachten Spanneinrichtung 12 vorgesehen. Auf der in der Figur 1 linken Seite ist die zweite Werkstückspindel 11 mit ihrer Mittelachse 11.1 und der Spanneinrichtung 13 vorgesehen. Während die Werkstückspindel mit ihrer Spanneinrichtung 12 ein gerade geschliffenes oder auch fertiggeschliffenes Werkstück 14 eingespannt hat, ist mit der zweiten Werkstückspindel 11, d.h. mit ihrer Spanneinrichtung 13 ein noch nicht geschliffenes Werkstück 15 bereits eingespannt. Das Werkstück 15 kann durch die zweite Werkstückspindel 11 mittels einer CNC-gesteuerten Achse C2 angetrieben werden. Der Werkstückspindelstock 9 ist nun derart schwenkbar angeordnet, dass das zunächst in der Beladeposition neu aufgenommene Werkstück 15 in eine Schleifposition verbracht werden kann. Dies erfolgt wegen der doppelten Werkstückspindelanordnung am Werkstückspindelstock 9 in sehr kurzer Zeit. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die Nebenzeiten in der Schleifmaschine minimiert werden.The workpiece headstock 9 is now formed so that two spindles are present, which are arranged opposite to the workpiece headstock 9 in a 180 ° arrangement. In the drawing on the right side of the workpiece headstock 10 is provided with its central axis 10.1 and the clamping device 12 attached thereto. On the in the FIG. 1 left Side is the second workpiece spindle 11 with its central axis 11.1 and the clamping device 13 is provided. While the workpiece spindle has clamped a straight ground or finished workpiece 14 with its clamping device 12, a not yet ground workpiece 15 is already clamped to the second workpiece spindle 11, ie with its clamping device 13. The workpiece 15 can be driven by the second workpiece spindle 11 by means of a CNC controlled axis C2. The workpiece headstock 9 is now arranged so pivotable that the first newly recorded in the loading position workpiece 15 can be moved to a grinding position. This is done because of the double workpiece spindle assembly on the workpiece headstock 9 in a very short time. This ensures that the non-productive times in the grinding machine are minimized.

Am Werkstückspindelstock 9 ist zusätzlich eine Abrichtspindel 16 mit einer Abrichtscheibe 16.1 angebracht, mittels welcher die Schleifscheiben 3.1 und 4.1 des ersten Schleifspindelstockes abgerichtet werden können. Der erste Schleifspindelstock 2 weist eine weitere Abrichtspindel 5 mit einer Diamant-Abrichtscheibe 6 auf, mittels welcher die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1, welche auch als Schleifdom bezeichnet wird, abgerichtet werden kann.On the workpiece headstock 9, a dressing spindle 16 with a dressing wheel 16.1 is additionally attached by means of which the grinding wheels 3.1 and 4.1 of the first grinding headstock can be dressed. The first wheelhead 2 has a further dressing spindle 5 with a diamond dressing wheel 6, by means of which the internal grinding wheel 19.1, which is also referred to as a grinding dome, can be dressed.

Neben dem Maschinenbett 1 der Schleifmaschine erfolgt die Zuführung der Rohteile zu der Schleifmaschine und die Abführung der Fertigteile vom Spanndorn 20 und von der Schleifmaschine mit einem nicht dargestellten Handlingsystem vollautomatisch vom/zum Zu-/Abführband 22, welches in Figur 1 linksseitig neben dem Maschinenbett 1 der Schleifmaschine angeordnet ist. Um die Werkstücke der Schleifmaschine zuzuführen oder aus der Maschine zu entladen, nachdem sie fertiggeschliffen worden sind, sind spezielle Handhabungseinrichtungen vorgesehen, welche hier nicht gesondert beschrieben werden, da sie für die vorliegende Erfindung nicht von gesonderter Bedeutung sind. Durch die Anordnung von zwei Werkstückspindeln 10, 11 am Werkstückspindelstock 9 ist es möglich, das Beladen mit zum Schleifen vorgesehenen neuen Roh-Werkstücken 15 in der Nebenzeit durchzuführen. Das Schwenken der Roh-Werkstücke aus der Beladeposition dauert mit dem vorliegenden Werkstückspindelstock 9 beispielsweise weniger als 2 Sekunden. Das Beladen in das Spannfutter 13 ist bezüglich der dafür benötigten Zeit insofern unkritisch, als dies auf alle Fälle in einer kürzeren Zeit realisiert werden kann, als die Schleifzeit für das Komplett-Schleifen des Werkstückes 14 es erfordert. Jedenfalls kann ein Beladen in ein Spannfutter mit Spannen und den entsprechenden Handhabungsbewegungen üblicherweise in einer Zeit von ca. 8 Sekunden erfolgen. Da dies in der Nebenzeit stattfindet, d.h. in einer Zeit, in welcher das Werkstück 14 bearbeitet wird, kann die gesamte Taktzeit für ein Werkstück weiter reduziert werden, was sich günstig auf die Herstellungskosten der Werkstücke auswirkt.In addition to the machine bed 1 of the grinding machine, the supply of the raw parts to the grinding machine and the removal of the finished parts from the mandrel 20 and the grinding machine with a handling system, not shown, from / to the supply / discharge belt 22, which in FIG. 1 on the left side next to the machine bed 1 of the grinding machine is arranged. In order to feed the workpieces to or unload from the machine after they have been finish ground, special handling means are provided which will not be described separately since they are not of particular importance to the present invention. By arranging two workpiece spindles 10, 11 on the workpiece headstock 9, it is possible to carry out the loading with new raw workpieces 15 intended for grinding in the non-productive time. The pivoting of the raw workpieces from the loading position lasts with the present workpiece headstock 9, for example, less than 2 seconds. The loading into the chuck 13 is uncritical in terms of the time required for it, as it can be realized in any case in a shorter time than the grinding time for the complete grinding of the workpiece 14 requires it. In any case, loading into a chuck with spans and the corresponding handling movements can usually take place in a time of approximately 8 seconds. Since this takes place in the off time, that is, in a time in which the workpiece 14 is processed, the entire cycle time for a workpiece can be further reduced, which has a favorable effect on the manufacturing cost of the workpieces.

Figur 2 zeigt in einem Teilschnitt entlang der Ebene A-A gemäß Figur 1, wie die Anordnung der zwei Werkstückspindeln 10, 11 am Werkstückspindelstock 9 ausgeführt ist. Die beiden Werkstückspindeln 10, 11 sind mittels einer Dreheinheit 23 aus einer Schleifposition, welche in Fig. 2 der Anordnung des Werkstückes 14 entspricht, in eine Beladeposition schwenkbar, welche in Fig. 2 dem Werkstück 15 entspricht. Die beiden Werkstückspindeln 10, 11 können also wechselweise in die Bearbeitungsposition gebracht werden. Schematisch ist bei dieser Teilschnittansicht A-A des Werkstückspindelstockes das Maschinenbett 1 eingezeichnet. Dadurch, dass die Werkstückspindel 10, d.h. in Figur 2 die untere Werkstückspindel für das Schleifen der Außen- und Innenkonturen des Werkstücks 14 näher zum Maschinenbett während des Schleifeingriffes angeordnet ist, wird der Wärmegang der Schleifmaschine weitestgehend eliminiert, und die Steifigkeit der gesamten Baugruppe ist über die verbesserte Hebelwirkung ebenfalls größer. Dadurch kann bei der Schleifbearbeitung bezüglich der erreichbaren maximalen Maß- und Formgenauigkeiten am fertiggeschliffenen Werkstück eine größere Präzision erzielt werden. Wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung von Figur 1 gezeigt, wird während der Schleifbearbeitung am Werkstück 14 eine Beladung der Werkstückspindel 11 bzw. der Spanneinrichtung 13 mit einem neuen Roh-Werkstück 15 vorgenommen. Das bedeutet, dass das Beladen während der Schleifbearbeitung stattfindet. Die Beladebewegungen sind derartig programmiert, dass der Beladezyklus beispielsweise nicht mit dem Zeitpunkt des Erreichens des Fertigmaßes an dem Werkstück 14 zusammenfällt. Durch diese spezielle Programmierung ist eine weitere Optimierung der erreichbaren Qualität am Werkstück 14 in der Schleifmaschine möglich. Das Beladen und Entladen des Werkstückes wird also in der so genannten Nebenzeit durchgeführt. Um den eigentlichen Schleifvorgang am Werkstück 14 vorzunehmen, muss lediglich ein nur wenig Zeit in Anspruch nehmender Schwenkvorgang des Werkstückes 15 in die Position des Werkstückes 14 gemäß Figur 2 vorgenommen werden. Werkstück 15 wird sozusagen zu Werkstück 14, wenn die Schleifbearbeitung am Werkstück aufgenommen wird bzw. wenn diese komplett beendet worden ist. Dadurch schlägt die eigentliche Zeit für das Be- und Entladen für die Taktzeit nicht zu Buche, sondern lediglich die Schwenkzeit aus der Beladeposition in die Schleifposition. FIG. 2 shows in a partial section along the plane AA according to FIG. 1 how the arrangement of the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 on the workpiece headstock 9 is executed. The two workpiece spindles 10, 11 are by means of a rotary unit 23 from a grinding position, which in Fig. 2 the arrangement of the workpiece 14 corresponds, pivotable in a loading position, which in Fig. 2 the workpiece 15 corresponds. The two workpiece spindles 10, 11 can thus be alternately brought into the processing position. Schematically, the machine bed 1 is shown in this partial sectional view AA of the workpiece headstock. Due to the fact that the workpiece spindle 10, ie in FIG. 2 the lower workpiece spindle for grinding the outer and inner contours of the workpiece 14 is arranged closer to the machine bed during the grinding engagement, the heat cycle of the grinding machine is largely eliminated, and the rigidity of the entire assembly is also greater due to the improved leverage. As a result, a greater precision can be achieved in the grinding operation with respect to the achievable maximum dimensional and form accuracies on the finished-ground workpiece. As already mentioned in connection with the description of FIG. 1 As shown, a loading of the workpiece spindle 11 or of the clamping device 13 with a new raw workpiece 15 is performed on the workpiece 14 during the grinding process. This means that loading takes place during grinding. The loading movements are programmed such that the loading cycle, for example, does not coincide with the time at which the finished dimension on the workpiece 14 is reached. This special programming makes it possible to further optimize the achievable quality on the workpiece 14 in the grinding machine. The loading and unloading of the workpiece is thus carried out in the so-called non-productive time. In order to carry out the actual grinding process on the workpiece 14, only a swivel operation of the workpiece 15 into the position of the workpiece 14 according to FIG. 1 has to take place only a little time FIG. 2 be made. Workpiece 15 becomes, as it were, workpiece 14 when the grinding operation is taken up on the workpiece or when it has been completely finished. As a result, the actual time for loading and unloading does not affect the cycle time, but only the slew time from the loading position to the grinding position.

In Figur 3 ist eine vergrößerte Teilansicht des Bereichs der Schleifmaschine gemäß Figur 1 dargestellt, welche den Werkstückspindelstock 10 mit eingespanntem Werkstück 14 zeigt, bei welchem die Schleifscheibe 4.1 mit diesem in Eingriff ist und die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 zum Schleifen der Innenfläche der Bohrung 14.3 am zweiten Schleifspindelstock 19 ebenfalls im Eingriff ist. Während der Bearbeitung ist - wie in dieser Figur dargestellt - das Werkstück 14 im Spannfutter 12 fest eingespannt. Zur exakten Ausrichtung und zur Bestimmung der Längsposition im Spannfutter liegt das Werkstück 14 an einem Anschlagring 24 im Spannfutter an. Mit einer derartigen Bezugsebene wird nun das mittels der Werkstückspindel 10 im Spannfutter 12 fest eingespannte und rotatorisch CNC-gesteuert angetriebene Werkstück 14 bezüglich seiner Außenkontur in Form von ersten planen Außenflächen 14.1 und nicht-planen Außenflächen 14.4 mittels der profilierten Außen-Schleifscheibe 4.1 an der Schleifspindel 4 geschliffen. Gleichzeitig wird mit der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1, welche durch die am zweiten Schleifspindelstock 17 angebrachte Schleifspindel 19 rotatorisch angetrieben ist, die Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 geschliffen. Diese beiden Bearbeitungsschritte können zumindest teilweise oder auch komplett zeitgleich durchgeführt werden. Letzteres trifft selbstverständlich nur zu, wenn die Bearbeitungszeiten für beide Bearbeitungsvorgänge etwa gleich lang sind. Die zeitparallele Bearbeitung der Außenflächen 14.1 und 14.4 sowie der Bohrung 14.3 führt zu verringerten Bearbeitungszeiten bzw. Taktzeiten und damit zu reduzierten Werkstückkosten. Da sowohl die Antriebe für die Außen-Schleifscheibe 4.1 wie auch für die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 CNC-gesteuert erfolgen, kann die Bearbeitung beider Vorgänge, sofern dies für ein bestimmtes Werkstück von Vorteil sein sollte, auch teilweise oder komplett zeitversetzt nacheinander durchgeführt werden. Dies würde zwar die Taktzeit vergrößern, könnte aber aus schleiftechnologischen Überlegungen für bestimmte Werkstücke durchaus von Vorteil sein.In FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the area of the grinding machine according to FIG. 1 which shows the workpiece headstock 10 with clamped workpiece 14 in which the grinding wheel 4.1 is engaged therewith and the inner grinding wheel 19.1 for grinding the inner surface of the bore 14.3 on the second wheelhead 19 is also engaged. During machining - as shown in this figure - the workpiece 14 in the chuck 12 is firmly clamped. For exact alignment and to determine the longitudinal position in the chuck, the workpiece 14 abuts against a stop ring 24 in the chuck. With such a reference plane is now fixed by means of the workpiece spindle 10 in the chuck 12 clamped and rotatably CNC-controlled driven workpiece 14 with respect to its outer contour in the form of first flat outer surfaces 14.1 and non-planar outer surfaces 14.4 ground by means of the profiled outer grinding wheel 4.1 on the grinding spindle 4. At the same time, the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 is ground with the internal grinding wheel 19. 1, which is rotationally driven by the grinding spindle 19 mounted on the second grinding headstock 17. These two processing steps can be performed at least partially or completely simultaneously. Of course, the latter only applies if the processing times for both processing operations are approximately the same length. The time-parallel processing of the outer surfaces 14.1 and 14.4 and the bore 14.3 leads to reduced processing times or cycle times and thus to reduced workpiece costs. Since both the drives for the outer grinding wheel 4.1 as well as for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 are CNC-controlled, the processing of both processes, if this should be advantageous for a particular workpiece, also partially or completely time-delayed successively performed. Although this would increase the cycle time, it could certainly be of advantage for grinding technology considerations for certain workpieces.

In Fig. 3 ist beim Schleifen die Zustellrichtung der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 bzw. des Schleifstiftes in Richtung des Pfeiles 30 gezeigt. Prinzipiell kann es aber auch vorteilhaft sein, die Zustellrichtung in umgekehrter Richtung auszuführen. Dies hängt stark von der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung der Schleifmaschine ab. Durch diese Maßnahme lassen sich Steifigkeitswerte und Temperaturdriften aus der Schleifmaschine positiv ausnutzen, so dass die Schleifergebnisse weiter in Bezug auf die Genauigkeit optimiert werden.In Fig. 3 When grinding the feed direction of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 and the grinding pin is shown in the direction of arrow 30. In principle, it may also be advantageous to carry out the feed direction in the reverse direction. This depends heavily on the structural design of the grinding machine. By this measure, stiffness values and temperature drifts from the grinding machine can be positively exploited, so that the grinding results are further optimized in terms of accuracy.

Am selben Gehäuse, an dem die Schleifspindel 19 am zweiten Schleifspindelstock 17 befestigt ist, ist auch eine Spanneinrichtung 20, vorzugsweise in Form eines Spanndornes angebracht, was in dem im Teilschnitt dargestellten Bereich des Spindelstockes 17 gezeigt ist. Der Spanndorn ist automatisch axial verschiebbar (21) und rotatorisch angetrieben. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit, dass auch der zweite Schleifspindelstock 17 längs seiner X2- und Z2-Achse bewegbar ausgebildet ist, kann der Spanndorn 20 mit fluchtender Ausrichtung seiner Mittelachse 20.1 zu der Mittelachse 10.1 der Werkstückspindel 10 ausgerichtet und in dieser Position eine bezüglich der Lageposition des Werkstückes im Raum identische Einspannung zu der Einspannung durch die Werkstückspindel 10 mit dem Spannfutter 12 realisieren. Auf diese Weise ist eine hohe Präzision der Bearbeitung des Werkstückes möglich, weil für jede der beiden Einspannungen dieselbe Lage des Werkstückes hinsichtlich der Mittelachse im gespannten Zustand reduziert wird.On the same housing on which the grinding spindle 19 is attached to the second wheelhead 17, and a clamping device 20, preferably in the form of a mandrel is mounted, which is shown in the portion of the headstock 17 shown in partial section. The mandrel is automatically axially displaceable (21) and rotationally driven. Due to the possibility that the second wheelhead 17 is designed to be movable along its X2 and Z2 axes, the mandrel 20 can be aligned with its central axis 20.1 in alignment with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 and in this position with respect to the positional position of the workpiece realize in the space identical clamping to the clamping by the workpiece spindle 10 with the chuck 12. In this way, a high precision of the machining of the workpiece is possible because for each of the two clamping the same position of the workpiece is reduced with respect to the central axis in the tensioned state.

Das Schleifen mit sowohl der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 als auch der Außen-Schleifscheibe 4.1 erfolgt zumeist mit CBN-Belag, wobei vorzugsweise keramisch gebundener CBN-Belag eingesetzt wird. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Schleifmittel wie beispielsweise Korund oder andere Bindungen der CBN-Beläge möglich, wobei die jeweiligen optimalen Schleifbeläge je nach Bearbeitungsaufgabe ausgewählt werden.The grinding with both the inner grinding wheel 19.1 and the outer grinding wheel 4.1 is usually done with CBN coating, preferably using ceramically bonded CBN coating becomes. Of course, other abrasives such as corundum or other bonds of the CBN pads are possible, the respective optimal abrasive coatings are selected depending on the processing task.

In dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Spanndorn 20, und zwar auf dessen linker Seite, ist an seinem Endbereich, welcher für die eigentliche Einspannung des Werkstückes 14 in der Bohrung 14.3 vorgesehen ist, ein Spannelement 25 angedeutet, das automatisch durch das Schleifprogramm geöffnet oder geschlossen, d.h. gespannt wird. In diesem Fall ist ein Hydrodehn-Spannelement gezeigt. Ein derartiges Hydrodehn-Spannelement wird durch Beaufschlagung mit einem Hydraulikfluid zum Aktivieren der Einspannung gedehnt. Für das Entlasten wird der Druck des Hydraulikfluids entsprechend reduziert. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Spannelemente möglich wie beispielsweise Spannzangen oder sogar ein Innenspannfutter, d.h. ein mechanisches Futter.In the in FIG. 3 illustrated mandrel 20, on its left side, is at its end, which is provided for the actual clamping of the workpiece 14 in the bore 14.3, a clamping element 25 indicated that automatically opened by the grinding program or closed, that is stretched. In this case, a hydrodynamic tensioning element is shown. Such a hydraulic tensioning element is stretched by applying a hydraulic fluid to activate the clamping. For unloading the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is reduced accordingly. Of course, other clamping elements are possible such as collets or even an inner chuck, ie a mechanical lining.

In Figur 4 ist nach erfolgter Fertigbearbeitung der planen und nicht-planen Außenflächen 14.1, 14.4 sowie der Innenflächen der Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 abgeschlossen, und der Schleifspindelstock 17 wurde über seine CNC-gesteuerten Achsen so verfahren, dass die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 parallel zur Mittelachse 10.1 der Werkstückspindel derart angeordnet ist, dass der Spanndorn 20 sich unmittelbar vor der Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 befindet, um letztlich entsprechend seiner axialen Verschiebung 21 zum Zwecke des Spannens in diese Bohrung 14.3 eingebracht werden kann. Die Geometrie der Werkstückspindel 10 wie auch der Schleifspindel 19 für die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 ist dabei so gewählt, dass es keine Störkonturen zwischen dem Werkstückspindelstock und der Schleifspindel 19 bzw. Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 gibt.In FIG. 4 is finished after completion of finishing the plan and non-planar outer surfaces 14.1, 14.4 and the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, and the wheelhead 17 was moved over its CNC-controlled axes so that the inner grinding wheel 19.1 parallel to the central axis 10.1 of Workpiece spindle is arranged such that the mandrel 20 is located immediately in front of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 to ultimately according to its axial displacement 21 can be introduced for the purpose of clamping in this bore 14.3. The geometry of the workpiece spindle 10 as well as the grinding spindle 19 for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is chosen so that there are no interference contours between the workpiece headstock and the grinding spindle 19 and inner grinding wheel 19.1.

Um auch bei der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 bzw. dem Schleifstift bei einer Zuführung des Kühlschmierstoffes durch die Werkstückspindel 10 eine verbesserte Verteilung des Kühlschmierstoffes zu erhalten, ist es vorteilhaft, den Schleifstift mit einem kegeligen Ansatz 19.2 zu versehen.In order to obtain an improved distribution of the cooling lubricant even when the inner grinding wheel 19.1 or the grinding pin with a supply of the cooling lubricant through the workpiece spindle 10, it is advantageous to provide the grinding pin with a tapered projection 19.2.

In Figur 5 ist nun gegenüber der Figur 4 der Moment gezeigt, in welchem der Spanndorn 20 nach seiner axialen Verschiebung 21 in die Bohrung 14.3 eingebracht und das Werkstück 14 dort eingespannt hält. Die Einspannung ist dabei so realisiert, dass die Mittelachse des Spanndorns 20.1 mit der Mittelachse 10.1 der Werkstückspindel 10 exakt fluchtet. In diesem Moment ist das Werkstück sowohl mit dem Spannfutter 12 der Werkstückspindel 10 als auch mit dem Spanndorn 20 des Schleifspindelstockes 17 sozusagen zweifach eingespannt. Erst wenn die vollständige Einspannung des Werkstückes 14 mittels des Spanndornes 20 in der Bohrung 14.3 erfolgt ist, kann das Spannfutter 12 vom Werkstück 14 gelöst und der Schleifspindelstock 17 entlang seiner CNC-gesteuerten Achse verfahren werden, und zwar in Figur 5 nach rechts.In FIG. 5 is now opposite the FIG. 4 shown the moment in which the mandrel 20 is introduced after its axial displacement 21 in the bore 14.3 and holds the workpiece 14 clamped there. The clamping is realized so that the central axis of the mandrel 20.1 is exactly aligned with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10. At this moment, the workpiece with both the chuck 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and with the mandrel 20 of the wheelhead 17 is so to speak twice clamped. Only when the complete clamping of the workpiece 14 by means of the mandrel 20 in the bore 14.3 is done, the chuck 12 can be detached from the workpiece 14 and the grinding headstock 17 are moved along its CNC-controlled axis, in FIG. 5 to the right.

Das Umspannen und die Übergabe des Werkstückes 14 vom Spannfutter 12 auf den Spanndorn 20 kann bei stehender oder rotierender Werkstückspindel 10 erfolgen. Bei einem Umspannen mit rotierender Werkstückspindel 10 muss dann auch der Spanndorn 20 mit gleicher Drehzahl und gleichsinniger Drehrichtung rotieren. Hierdurch kann die Umspannzeit optimiert werden.The re-clamping and the transfer of the workpiece 14 from the chuck 12 to the mandrel 20 can be done with stationary or rotating workpiece spindle 10. When re-clamping with a rotating workpiece spindle 10 then also the mandrel 20 must rotate at the same speed and the same direction of rotation. As a result, the transformer time can be optimized.

Wenn der Schleifspindelstock 17 mit dem Werkstück 14 verfahren worden ist (siehe Fig. 6), kann die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.2 mit der Außen-Schleifscheibe 3.1, welche auf der zugehörigen Schleifspindel 3 gehalten und von dieser angetrieben ist, geschliffen werden, da das Werkstück 14 nunmehr komplett und zuverlässig und präzise mit dem Spanndorn 20 in der Innenbohrung des Werkstückes mittels des Hydrodehn-Spannelementes 25 eingespannt ist. Wenn das Werkstück eingespannt ist mit dem Spanndorn 20 und dieser das Werkstück in Rotation versetzt, was durch den kreisförmig angedeuteten Pfeil auf der rechten Seite angedeutet ist, wird bei gleichfalls angetriebener Außen-Schleifscheibe 3.1 die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.2 geschliffen. Die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 ist mit ihrer Schleifspindel 19 in dieser Position sozusagen zur Seite gefahren und ist außer Eingriff gebracht worden.When the wheelhead 17 has been moved with the workpiece 14 (see Fig. 6 ), the second plane outer surface 14.2 with the outer grinding wheel 3.1, which is held on the associated grinding spindle 3 and driven by this, be ground, since the workpiece 14 now complete and reliable and precise with the mandrel 20 in the inner bore of the workpiece is clamped by means of the hydraulic expansion clamping element 25. When the workpiece is clamped with the mandrel 20 and this set the workpiece in rotation, which is indicated by the arrow indicated on the right in the circular, the second plane outer surface 14.2 is ground at equally driven outer grinding wheel 3.1. The inner grinding wheel 19.1 has moved with its grinding spindle 19 in this position so to speak to the side and has been disengaged.

Der Spanndorn ist so ausgebildet, dass seine Rundlauffehler im Allgemeinen lediglich wenige µm aufweisen. Dadurch können nach diesem Verfahren und mit dieser Schleifmaschine hochpräzise Werkstücke in einer einzigen Schleifmaschine auf ein und derselben Schleifmaschine im Sinne einer Komplettbearbeitung der Werkstücke von beiden Seiten hergestellt werden.The mandrel is designed so that its concentricity errors generally have only a few microns. Thus, by this method and with this grinding machine, high-precision workpieces can be produced in a single grinding machine on one and the same grinding machine in the sense of a complete machining of the workpieces from both sides.

Je nach Gestaltung des Werkstückes 14 ist es natürlich auch möglich, dass auf der Gegenplanseite 14.2 nicht-plane Außenflächen geschliffen werden können. In einem solchen Fall wird beispielsweise anstelle der Geradeeinstechschleifscheibe 3.1 eine profilierte Schleifscheibe eingesetzt, und zwar in der Art der in Figur 3 dargestellten Außen-Schleifscheibe 4.1.Depending on the design of the workpiece 14, it is of course also possible that non-planar outer surfaces can be ground on the counterplan side 14.2. In such a case, for example, instead of the straight Einstechschleifscheibe 3.1 a profiled grinding wheel is used, in the manner of in FIG. 3 illustrated outer grinding wheel 4.1.

In Figur 7 ist in vergrößerter Darstellung die Bearbeitungssituation gemäß Figur 6 dargestellt, wobei die zweite plane Außenfläche 14.2 zusätzlich noch abgesetzt ist. Mit der Planschleifscheibe 3.1 können selbstverständlich beide Teile der planen Außenfläche 14.2 zuverlässig geschliffen werden.In FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the processing situation according to FIG. 6 represented, wherein the second planar outer surface 14.2 is additionally discontinued. Of course, both parts of the flat outer surface 14.2 can be reliably ground with the flat grinding wheel 3.1.

In Figur 8 ist die Position zum Schleifen der zweiten planen Außenfläche 14.2 in Analogie zu Figur 6 gezeigt, jedoch mittels einer Außen-Schleifscheibe 3.1, welche im Schrägeinstechschleifverfahren eingesetzt wird. Diese Außen-Schleifscheibe 3.1 ist dann unter der entsprechenden Anordnung mit ihrer Schleifspindel 3 auf dem ersten Schleifspindelstock 2 (hier nicht gezeigt) angeordnet. Mit einer derartigen Anordnung können auch noch zusätzliche nicht-plane Außenflächen an der Gegenplanseite, d.h. gegebenenfalls zylindrische oder konische Abschnitte am Werkstück auf dessen zweiter Seite, geschliffen werden, wofür entweder die dargestellte Außen-Schleifscheibe 3.1 oder eine profilierte Schleifscheibe gemäß ihrer in Figur 3 gestellten Ausführungsform, jedoch unter einer anderen winkelmäßigen Anordnung bzw. Zustellung eingesetzt werden. Ob die Gegenplanseite im Wege eines Geradeeinstechschleifens oder Schrägeinstechschleifens bearbeitet wird, hängt von der geforderten Schleifaufgabe und natürlich auch von der Geometrie des Werkstückes 14 ab. Die erfindungsgemäße Schleifmaschine kann diesbezüglich entsprechend individuell auf das Werkstück und die Schleifaufgabe angepasst werden, ohne dass der in Figur 1 dargestellte prinzipielle Aufbau anders zu gestalten wäre.In FIG. 8 is the position for grinding the second planar outer surface 14.2 in analogy to FIG. 6 shown, however, by means of an external grinding wheel 3.1, which in Schrägeinstechschleifverfahren is used. This outer grinding wheel 3.1 is then arranged under the corresponding arrangement with its grinding spindle 3 on the first wheelhead 2 (not shown here). With such an arrangement, additional non-planar outer surfaces on the counter plan side, ie possibly cylindrical or conical sections on the workpiece on the second side, ground, for which either the illustrated outer grinding wheel 3.1 or a profiled grinding wheel according to their in FIG. 3 However, be used under a different angular arrangement or delivery. Whether the counterplan side is processed in the way of a straight plunge grinding or Schrägeinstechschleifens depends on the required grinding task and of course on the geometry of the workpiece 14. The grinding machine according to the invention can in this respect be adapted individually to the workpiece and the grinding task, without the in FIG. 1 illustrated basic structure would be different to design.

In Figur 9 ist eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Schleifmaschine beim Schleifen der Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 mittels der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 gezeigt. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber wurde die Außen-Schleifscheibe 4.1 (siehe Figur 3) hier weggelassen. Die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 ist als Schleifdorn ausgebildet und weist zwei Schleifbereiche 19.1.1 und 19.1.2 mit unterschiedlichen Schleifbelägen auf. Der erste, vorlaufende Schleifbelag 19.1.1 dient dem Vorschleifen der Innenflächen der Bohrung 14.3, und der zweite, nachlaufende Schleifbelag 19.1.2 dient zum Fertigschleifen der Bohrung. Da der Durchmesser des zweiten Schleifbelages 19.1.2 größer ist als der des ersten Schleifbelages 19.1.1, wird nach Beendigung des Vorschleifens mittels des ersten Schleifbelages 19.1.1 der Schleifspindelstock 17 mit der Schleifspindel 19 quer zur Mittelachse entsprechend der X2-Achse verstellt und dieser zweite Schleifbereich 19.1.2 in die Bohrung zum Fertigschleifen eingefahren. Der erste Schleifbereich 19.1.1 ragt dann in den Freiraum innerhalb der Werkstückspindel 10 hinein.In FIG. 9 is a further preferred embodiment of the grinding machine when grinding the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 by means of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 shown. For the sake of clarity, the outer grinding wheel 4.1 (see FIG. 3 ) omitted here. The inner grinding wheel 19.1 is designed as an abrasive mandrel and has two grinding areas 19.1.1 and 19.1.2 with different abrasive layers. The first, leading abrasive coating 19.1.1 is used for pre-grinding the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3, and the second, trailing abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used for finish grinding of the bore. Since the diameter of the second abrasive coating 19.1.2 is greater than that of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1, after completion of the pre-grinding by means of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1 of the wheelhead 17 is adjusted with the grinding spindle 19 transverse to the central axis corresponding to the X2 axis and this second grinding area 19.1.2 retracted into the bore for finish grinding. The first grinding area 19.1.1 then projects into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10.

In der Regel sollte die Vorschleifscheibe diejenige sein, welche am weitesten von der Lagerung der Spindel entfernt ist. Derartige zweistufige Innen-Schleifscheiben 19.1 kommen vor allen Dingen dann zum Einsatz, wenn die Bohrung 14.3 des Werkstückes 14 beispielsweise erhöhte Schleifaufmaße aufweist oder die Schleifaufmaße aus der Vorbearbeitung stark schwanken. Dieses Vorschleifen kann auch vorteilhaft sein, je nachdem, welcher Werkstoff zerspant werden soll.As a rule, the roughing wheel should be the one which is farthest from the bearing of the spindle. Such two-stage internal grinding wheels 19.1 are used above all when the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 has, for example, increased grinding allowances or the grinding allowances from the preliminary machining fluctuate greatly. This pre-grinding can also be advantageous, depending on which material is to be machined.

Auch hier wird zum Fertigschleifen ein Schleifbelag 19.1.2 mit keramisch gebundenem CBN eingesetzt, so dass entsprechend gute Oberflächengüten und eine hohe Genauigkeit erzielt werden. Für das Vorschleifen kann ebenfalls mit keramisch gebundenem CBN geschliffen werden; es kann jedoch auch ein Schleifbelag 19.1.1 mit galvanisch beschichtetem CBN-Belag eingesetzt werden. Schleifscheiben mit galvanisch beschichtetem CBN weisen in der Regel höhere Zerspanleistungen auf, sie sind dadurch für Vorschleifvorgänge besonders gut geeignet. Bei einer derartigen zweistufigen Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 ist die Optimierung des Schleifprozesses und die erzielbare Genauigkeit bei gleicher technischer Maschinenausführung möglich.Again, an abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used with ceramic bonded CBN for finish grinding, so that correspondingly good surface finishes and high accuracy can be achieved. For pre-grinding it is also possible to sand with ceramic-bonded CBN; however, an abrasive coating 19.1.1 with galvanically coated CBN coating can also be used become. Abrasive wheels with electroplated CBN generally have higher machining performance, making them particularly suitable for roughing operations. In such a two-stage internal grinding wheel 19.1, the optimization of the grinding process and the achievable accuracy with the same technical machine design is possible.

Es ist erforderlich, dass Kühlschmierstoff 26 während des Schleifens der in Eingriff befindlichen Schleifscheibe 19.1 zugeführt wird. Gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Kühlschmierstoff 26 über das Innere der Werkstückspindel 10 zugeführt und dem eigentlichen Schleifeingriff zugeleitet. Um eine verbesserte Verteilung des Kühlschmierstoffes 26 zu erhalten, kann der vordere Teil, d.h. der Vorschleifbereich 19.1.1 der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 einen kegeligen Aufsatz zur verbesserten Verteilung des Kühlschmierstoffes 26 aufweisen. Ein derartiger kegeliger Aufsatz muss jedoch nicht vorhanden sein. Der Vorteil eines derartigen kegeligen Aufsatzes 27 am vorderen Ende der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 besteht in einer geringeren Verwirbelung des Kühlschmierstoffes 26 bei der Zuführung an die Schleifstelle, womit die Versorgung der Schleifzone mit Kühlschmierstoff und damit die Schleifbedingungen verbessert werden. Im Ergebnis wirkt sich dies positiv auf die Genauigkeit des Schleifergebnisses und der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit am fertiggeschliffenen Werkstück aus.It is required that cooling lubricant 26 be supplied during grinding of the engaged grinding wheel 19.1. According to this embodiment, the cooling lubricant 26 is supplied via the interior of the workpiece spindle 10 and fed to the actual grinding engagement. In order to obtain an improved distribution of the cooling lubricant 26, the front part, i. the roughing area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 have a conical attachment for improved distribution of the cooling lubricant 26. However, such a tapered attachment does not have to be present. The advantage of such a tapered attachment 27 at the front end of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is a lower turbulence of the cooling lubricant 26 in the supply to the grinding point, whereby the supply of the grinding zone with cooling lubricant and thus the grinding conditions are improved. As a result, this has a positive effect on the accuracy of the grinding result and the surface finish on the finished ground workpiece.

In Figur 10 ist eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform analog zu der in Figur 9 dargestellten gezeigt, bei welcher die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 ebenfalls zweistufig mit einem ersten, vorlaufenden Schleifbereich 19.1.1 und einem zweiten, nachlaufenden Schleifbereich 19.1.2 versehen ist. Der erste, vorlaufende Schleifbereich 19.1.1 weist einen größeren Durchmesser als der zweite, nachlaufende Schleifbereich 19.1.2 auf. Der erste Schleifbereich 19.1.1 ist deutlich schmäler als der zweite Schleifbereich 19.1.2 ausgeführt, da mit dem Vorschleifbereich 19.1.1 im Wege des Schälschleifens ein relativ großes Aufmaß abgeschliffen wird, wobei zweckmäßigerweise als Schleifbelag CBN eingesetzt ist. Wenn das Vorschleifen beendet ist, wird die Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 so weit in die Bohrung mit ihrem zweiten Schleifbereich 19.1 verfahren, dass im Wege des Innenrundschleifens, insbesondere auch des Einstechschleifens, die Bohrung fertiggeschliffen werden kann. Dabei wird der erste Schleifbereich 19.1.1 so weit in den Freiraum innerhalb der Werkstückspindel 10 verfahren, dass der zweite Schleifbereich 19.1.2 über die X2-Achse der Schleifspindel 19 an die zu schleifende Innenfläche der Bohrung 14.3 zugestellt werden kann.In FIG. 10 is another preferred embodiment analogous to that in FIG. 9 shown, in which the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is also provided in two stages with a first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 and a second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2. The first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 has a larger diameter than the second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2. The first grinding area 19.1.1 is designed to be significantly narrower than the second grinding area 19.1.2, since a relatively large oversize is ground off by the roughing area 19.1.1 by means of peel grinding, it being expedient to use CBN as the grinding surface. When the pre-grinding is completed, the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is moved so far into the hole with its second grinding area 19.1, that by means of internal cylindrical grinding, in particular also the plunge grinding, the bore can be finished ground. In this case, the first grinding region 19.1.1 is moved so far into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10 that the second grinding region 19.1.2 can be delivered via the X2 axis of the grinding spindle 19 to the inner surface of the bore 14.3 to be ground.

Der vordere Schleifbereich 19.1.1 der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 weist ebenfalls einen kegeligen Aufsatz 27 auf, welcher der gleichmäßigeren Verteilung des Kühlschmierstoffes 26 zu der jeweiligen Schleifeingriffsstelle dient.The front grinding area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 likewise has a conical attachment 27, which serves for the more uniform distribution of the cooling lubricant 26 to the respective grinding engagement point.

Die im Spannfutter 12 an den Spannbacken angedeuteten Pfeile sollen zum Ausdruck bringen, dass das Spannfutter das Werkstück 14 im eingespannten Zustand hält, so lange die zu schleifenden Flächen bearbeitet werden.The indicated in the chuck 12 on the jaws arrows are intended to express that the chuck holds the workpiece 14 in the clamped state, as long as the surfaces to be ground are processed.

Bei dieser Ausführung des Vorschleifens kann durch das Vorschleifen mit dem ersten Schleifbereich 19.1.1 mit Vorschubrichtung der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 in Richtung des Spannfutters 12 am eingespannten Werkstück 14 die Schleifzeit am Werkstück in der Art optimiert werden, dass die "Einfahrbewegung" des Schleifstiftes 19.1 schon für das Vorschleifen genutzt wird. Diese Ausführung lässt es zu, dass mit sehr geringem Schleifaufmaß mit dem zweiten Schleifbereich 19.1.2 der Innen-Schleifscheibe 19.1 fertiggeschliffen werden kann. Hierdurch lässt sich die Gesamtschleifzeit für die Bohrung 14.3 insgesamt optimieren.In this embodiment of pre-grinding can be optimized by the rough grinding with the first grinding area 19.1.1 with feed direction of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 in the direction of the chuck 12 on the clamped workpiece 14, the grinding time on the workpiece in such a way that the "retraction" of the grinding pin 19.1 already used for pre-grinding. This embodiment makes it possible for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 to be finish ground with very little grinding allowance with the second grinding area 19.1.2. As a result, the total grinding time for the bore 14.3 overall can be optimized.

Durch das Zusammenfassen von einem Schleifspindelstock, hier für das Innenschleifen, und einer Spanneinrichtung zu einer einzigen Vorrichtungseinheit werden für die eine hohe Präzision erfordernde Spanneinrichtung die Vorteile der ohnehin eine hohe Stabilität erfordernden Schleifspindel für beide Teile der kombinierten Einheit genutzt.By combining a wheelhead, here for internal grinding, and a fixture to a single device unit are used for the high precision clamping device requires the advantages of the already high stability grinding spindle required for both parts of the combined unit.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Maschinenbettmachine bed
22
erster Schleifspindelstockfirst wheelhead
33
SchleifspindeleinheitGrinding Spindles
3.13.1
Außen-SchleifscheibeExternal grinding wheel
44
SchleifspindeleinheitGrinding Spindles
4.14.1
Außen-SchleifscheibeExternal grinding wheel
55
Abrichtspindel für Schfeifdorn (Bohrungsschleifen)Dressing spindle for piercing mandrel (bore grinding)
66
Diamant-AbrichtscheibeDiamond dressing wheel
77
X1-/Z1-CNC-AchsenX1 / Z1 CNC axes
88th
B-AchseB-axis
99
WerkstückspindelstockWorkhead
1010
WerkstückspindelWorkpiece spindle
10.110.1
Mittelachsecentral axis
1111
WerkstückspindelWorkpiece spindle
11.111.1
Mittelachsecentral axis
1212
Spannfutterchuck
1313
Spannfutterchuck
1414
Werkstückworkpiece
14.114.1
erste plane Außenflächefirst plane outer surface
14.214.2
zweite plane Außenflächesecond plane outer surface
14.314.3
Bohrungdrilling
14.414.4
nicht-plane Außenflächenon-plane outer surface
1515
Werkstückworkpiece
1616
Abrichtspindel für Schleifscheiben (Außenschleifen)Dressing spindle for grinding wheels (external grinding)
16.116.1
Abrichtscheibedressing wheel
1717
zweiter Schleifspindelstocksecond wheelhead
1818
X2-/Z2-CNC-AchsenX2 / Z2-axis CNC
1919
SchleifspindeleinheitGrinding Spindles
19.119.1
Innen-Schleifscheibe / SchleifstiftInternal grinding wheel / grinding pin
19.1.119.1.1
erster Schleifbereichfirst grinding area
19.1.219.1.2
zweiter Schleifbereichsecond grinding area
19.219.2
kegeliger Ansatztapered approach
2020
Spanndornmandrel
20.120.1
Mittelachsecentral axis
2121
axiale Verschiebungaxial displacement
2222
Zu-/AbführbandIncrease / outfeed
2323
Dreheinheitrotary unit
2424
Anschlagringstop ring
2525
Spannelementclamping element
2626
Kühlschmierstoffcoolant
2727
vorderer konischer Aufsatz der Innen-SchleifscheibeInside Conical Wheel Front Conical Tower
3030
Zustellrichtunginfeed

Claims (15)

  1. Grinding machine for the complete machining of workpieces (14) having a central bore (14.3), planar (14.1, 14.2) and/or non-planar (14.4) outer faces, said machine having a first grinding headstock (2) with an external grinding wheel (3.1, 4.1) for machining the outer faces (14.1, 14.2, 14.4), a workpiece headstock (9) for clamping the workpiece (14, 15), and a second grinding headstock (17) with an internal grinding wheel (19.1) for machining the inner face of the bore (14.3), wherein the workpiece (14) is able to be clamped in a first clamping position on a central axis (10.1) in a chuck (12) of the workpiece headstock (9) in order to be machined on at least a first (14.1) of the planar outer faces facing in the direction of the second grinding headstock (17) and the bore (14.3),
    characterized in that
    the second grinding headstock (17) bears a clamping device (20) which is displaceable with regard to its central axis (20.1) such that it is retractable into the already ground bore (14.3) in the workpiece (14) and the workpiece (14) is able to be clamped there by the clamping device (20) in a second clamping position in which the central axis (20.1) of the clamping device (20) in the second clamping position is aligned with the central axis (10.1) of the chuck (12) in the first clamping position and both clamping positions exist at least partially at the same time, wherein, after the first clamping position has been released, at least a second (14.2) of the planar outer faces facing in the direction of the workpiece headstock (9) is able to be ground in the second clamping position by means of the external grinding wheel (3.1).
  2. Grinding machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the clamping device (20) is displaceable axially, in particular in a CNC-controlled manner.
  3. Grinding machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping device (20) is a mandrel which is driven in rotation, and in particular has a hydraulic expansion element.
  4. Grinding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first grinding headstock (2) has two grinding spindle units (3, 4) with respective grinding wheels (3.1, 4.1) for machining the first (14.1) and the second planar outer faces (14.2), wherein the grinding spindle units (3, 4) are displaceable in the X1 and Z1 axial direction (7) in a CNC-controlled manner and the grinding headstock (2) is displaceable about a B axis (8) in a CNC-controlled manner, and in particular the grinding spindle unit (19) arranged on the second grinding headstock (17) is displaceable in the X2 and Z2 axial direction (18) in a CNC-controlled manner.
  5. Grinding machine according to Claim 4, characterized in that the first grinding headstock (2) has a dressing spindle (5) with a diamond dressing wheel (6) for dressing the internal grinding wheel (19.1).
  6. Grinding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the workpiece headstock (9) has two workpiece spindles (10, 11) each with a chuck (12, 13), which are arranged opposite one another and are pivotable by means of a rotation unit (23) from a first position, in which at least the first planar outer face (14.1) and the bore (14.3) of the workpiece (14) to be ground are able to be ground, into a second position in which the finish-ground workpiece is in a loading position.
  7. Grinding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first and the second grinding headstock (2, 17) are arranged on a respective compound slide.
  8. Grinding machine according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the internal (19.1) and the external grinding wheel (3.1, 4.1) are able to be brought into grinding engagement in such a controlled manner that at least the first planar outer face (14.1) and the bore (14.3) are ground at least partially at the same time.
  9. Method for the complete grinding of workpieces (14, 15) having a central bore (14.3) and planar and/or non-planar outer faces (14.1, 14.2, 14.4) on a grinding machine having the features according to one of Claims 1 to 8, in which a workpiece (14) clamped in a tool headstock (9) is first of all substantially finish-ground on its first outer faces (14.1, 14.4) by means of an external grinding wheel (3.1, 4.1) and at least partially at the same time in the bore (14.3) by means of an internal grinding wheel (19.1), subsequently a clamping device (20) arranged on a grinding headstock (17) bearing the internal grinding wheel (19.1) is introduced into the bore (14.3) and, at least partially at the same time as the clamping by the workpiece headstock (9), likewise firmly clamps the workpiece (14) such that the central axes (10.1, 20.1) of the chuck (12) of the workpiece headstock (9) and the clamping device (20) are aligned with one another on the second grinding headstock (17), and then the clamping by the workpiece headstock (9) is released and then the second outer faces (14.2) located substantially opposite the first outer faces (14.1) are ground.
  10. Method according to Claim 9, in which the clamping device (20) is controlled hydraulically from its releasing position into its clamping position and vice versa or is controlled mechanically, electrically or electromagnetically from its releasing position into its clamping position and vice versa.
  11. Method according to Claim 9 or 10, in which the workpiece headstock (9) pivots a loaded workpiece (15) into a grinding position.
  12. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 11, in which the first planar and non-planar outer faces (14.1, 14.4) are ground substantially at the same time by means of a profiled grinding wheel (4.1).
  13. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 12, in which the second planar outer faces (14.2) are ground using the straight infeed method or the second planar outer faces (14.2) and additional non-planar outer faces are ground substantially at the same time by means of the grinding wheel (3.1) using the angular infeed grinding method.
  14. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 13, in which cooling lubricant (26) is fed to the internal grinding wheel (19.1) via the interior of the workpiece headstock (9), in particular the cooling lubricant on the internal grinding wheel (19.1) is distributed in the bore by the conical configuration at the end of the internal grinding wheel (19.1).
  15. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 14, in which the internal grinding wheel (19.1) pre-grinds the bore (14.3) with a first grinding region (19.1.1) and finish-grinds same with a second grinding region (19.1.2), in particular the internal grinding wheel (19.1) pre-grinds the bore (14.3) with the first grinding region (19.1.1) by means of infeed grinding or by means of peel grinding.
EP15704788.7A 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Grinding machine and method for grinding workpieces that have axial bores and planar external surfaces to be machined on both sides Active EP3110594B1 (en)

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DE102014203402.7A DE102014203402B3 (en) 2014-02-25 2014-02-25 GRINDING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR GRINDING AXIAL HOLES AND BOTH WORKPIECES APPLICABLE TO WORK ON THE SURFACE
PCT/EP2015/053121 WO2015128210A1 (en) 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Grinding machine and method for grinding workpieces that have axial bores and planar external surfaces to be machined on both sides

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CN106061676B (en) 2019-03-15
CN106061676A (en) 2016-10-26
JP6469715B2 (en) 2019-02-13
US20170252886A1 (en) 2017-09-07
US10058968B2 (en) 2018-08-28
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JP2017510468A (en) 2017-04-13
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RU2663503C2 (en) 2018-08-07
ES2664172T3 (en) 2018-04-18

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