EP3108052B1 - Cleaning cloth - Google Patents

Cleaning cloth Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3108052B1
EP3108052B1 EP15702647.7A EP15702647A EP3108052B1 EP 3108052 B1 EP3108052 B1 EP 3108052B1 EP 15702647 A EP15702647 A EP 15702647A EP 3108052 B1 EP3108052 B1 EP 3108052B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filaments
composite
cleaning cloth
cloth according
fibrous component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15702647.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3108052A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Groten
Andreas Eisenhut
Jörg Dunkel
Thorsten Gleich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP3108052A1 publication Critical patent/EP3108052A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3108052B1 publication Critical patent/EP3108052B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
    • B08B1/14—Wipes; Absorbent members, e.g. swabs or sponges
    • B08B1/143—Wipes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/018—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the shape

Definitions

  • Textile physical properties of cleaning wipes can be controlled via the chemical and textile-physical properties of the fibers or filaments forming them.
  • the fiber or filament raw materials are selected according to the desired chemical or physical properties, for example with regard to their colorability, chemical resistance, their thermoformability, their Schmutzment- or their adsorption capacity.
  • the modulus and force-strain properties of the fibers or filaments are u. a.
  • the material properties which can be controlled by the choice of the degree of crystallization and / or orientation and the cross-sectional geometry in order to influence the bending stiffness, the force absorption or the specific surfaces of the individual fibers or filaments.
  • the sum of the textile-physical properties of the fibers or filaments forming a textile fabric is also controlled by the weight per unit area.
  • microfiber nonwovens are both a high Have life and good handling, especially when soaking, wringing and wiping, a good cleaning efficiency, a good resistance to mechanical wear and / or provide a specific water balance.
  • One way to combine different properties in a cleaning cloth is to combine with the selected type of production of the fabric (for example, as a woven or knitted fabric or as a nonwoven fabric) different types of fibers together.
  • fabrics, knits or knitted fabrics which contain thicker fibers in combination with microfibers show a good durability and at least initially satisfactory performance properties.
  • a disadvantage of these fabrics, however, is that they are more expensive to produce than nonwovens.
  • knits in particular have insufficient retention capacity for microfibers. It was found that after about 400 industrial washing cycles (according to DIN EN ISO 155797) the microfiber components are almost completely removed. This is reflected in a significant deterioration in the performance characteristics, such as manageability, skin sensor, cleaning efficiency or water balance.
  • Nonwovens containing microfibers are significantly easier to manufacture compared to woven, knitted or knitted fabrics.
  • Nonwovens are structures of limited length fibers (staple fibers), filaments (continuous fibers) or cut yarns of any kind and of any origin which have been somehow joined together to form a nonwoven (fibrous web) and interconnected in some way.
  • Microfiber nonwovens basically have excellent properties in the removal of dirt and in the absorption and release of liquids, especially water, on.
  • On the known microfiber nonwovens is disadvantageous that their durability, especially with frequent washing in industrial washing cycles, is limited, which is reflected for example in a occurring after about 200 industrial washing cycles hole formation in the nonwovens. For professional cleaning applications, these 200 wash cycles mean, for example, daily sanitizing laundry will last less than a year.
  • Another way to combine truly contradictory properties with each other in one sheet is to produce Composites of two or more fabrics.
  • the individual sheets can be produced separately and then joined together by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating.
  • Multi-component spunbonded fabrics which have a titer gradient. That's how it describes EP 1 619 283 A1 Multi-component spunbonded nonwovens consisting of at least two polymers forming interfaces with one another, which originate from at least one spinning device with uniform spinneret openings and which are hydrodynamically stretched, laid down in a planar manner and solidified together either as individual layers or as a multi-component composite.
  • the invention here has the object of developing the known microfiber nonwovens to the effect that they have good mechanical properties, in particular a good Treasurewaschbe Partix with good performance characteristics, a good thermophysiological comfort, pleasant skin sensor and optics, good water management (absorption and water release, preferably evenly) and a offer good cleaning efficiency.
  • EP 1696064 describes a cleaning cloth containing a combination of split fibers and / or meltblown fibers with coarser fibers.
  • the layers can be single layers or layer composites, with nonwoven fabrics made of split fibers representing the outer layers.
  • This document neither describes nor suggests a cleaning cloth having a washing resistance to industrial hot washing cycles. Rather, it is directed to the production of cleaning wipes for personal care, especially baby wipes. However, these products are disposable and are not intended to be cleaned, let alone in industrial hot wash cycles.
  • WO 2004009347 describes a method of making a nonwoven composite comprising the steps of a) providing a first layer containing continuous split fibers, b) splitting the continuous split fibers into split filaments, c) superimposing the first and second layers, the second layer containing staple fibers, and d) Needling of the first and second layers to the nonwoven composite.
  • the staple fibers pulp Preferably, the staple fibers pulp.
  • EP 1613802 describes a water-jet needled nonwoven fabric based on multicomponent fibers.
  • a method for producing a multilayer structure is described in which applied to the multicomponent fiber layer another fiber layer with absorbent material and the layer composite is water jet needle punched.
  • absorbent material according to page 19 preferably pulp with fiber lengths of up to 2.5 mm is used.
  • WO 2006102360 describes wipes made of micro- and nanofibers. Among other things, a three-layer composite is described in which the inner layer is a spunbond.
  • the invention further relates to a process for producing such a cleaning cloth and to the use of the products obtained thereafter.
  • the cleaning cloth according to the invention is characterized in that it contains extremely fine microfilaments in synergistic combination with coarser fibers.
  • the two fiber components are at least partially in layers, which are at least partially arranged alternately with respect to the cross section of the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric.
  • the mechanical properties and the durability can be markedly improved by the special combination of the layers of fine and coarse fibers in an alternating arrangement.
  • the cleaning cloth according to the invention exhibits excellent durability washing resistance, especially in heavy-duty industrial hot washing cycles.
  • the nonwoven fabric offers satisfactory performance properties such as good thermo-physiological comfort, a pleasant skin sensor and optics, good water management and a good cleaning efficiency.
  • the good mechanical strength in terms of pilling, abrasion, and wash resistance of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is due to the high entanglement of the fine filaments in their manufacture, i. during splitting or during the solidification process, for example during needling and / or hydroentanglement of the composite elements is achieved.
  • the filaments of the first fiber component are interlaid at least partially engulfed with the fibers of the second fiber component ("tentacle effect").
  • This effect can be achieved, for example, by first forming a layer composite ABA or even larger layer composites, for example a layer composite ABABA, from initially unconsolidated or merely preconsolidated nonwovens of the first and second fiber components, and then a splitting or solidification step for the entire layer composite is carried out.
  • the fine filaments of the first fiber component obtained in the splitting are distributed in the Z direction, that is, in the direction of the cross section of the nonwoven fabric.
  • This distribution can comprise several layers and leads to a particularly intensive connection of the individual layers. Practical experiments have shown that the elementary filaments are transported further into the other layers the finer they are.
  • the first fiber component has melt-spun composite filaments deposited to form a nonwoven.
  • filaments according to the invention are understood to mean fibers which, unlike staple fibers, have a theoretically unlimited length.
  • Composite filaments consist of at least two elementary filaments and can be split and solidified into elementary filaments by conventional grit methods such as water jet needling.
  • the composite filaments of the first fiber component according to the invention are at least partially split into elementary filaments. The degree of splitting is advantageously more than 80%, more preferably more than 90% and in particular 100%.
  • the proportion of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component is at least 20% by weight. Practical experiments have shown that a particularly high washing resistance can be produced in combination with good performance properties if the proportion of these elementary filaments of 20 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 30 wt .-% to 50 wt .-% , based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the proportion of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component in the respective layer A for example in an outer layer A or in an inner layer A of 80 wt.% To 100 wt.% , preferably from 90% by weight to 100% by weight, in particular 100% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the layer A.
  • the respective layers A contain, in addition to the first fiber component, further fibers.
  • the outer layers A consist entirely of elementary filaments of the first fiber component.
  • An advantage of the use of composite filaments as starting material for producing the elemental filaments is that the titer of the elementary filaments produced from them can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of elementary filaments contained in the composite filaments. In this case, the titer of the composite filaments can remain constant, which is advantageous in terms of process technology.
  • Another advantage of using the composite filaments is that in addition the ratio of thicker and thinner filaments in the nonwoven fabric can be controlled in a simple manner by varying the degree of splitting of the composite filaments.
  • nonwoven fabrics having a particularly high washing strength in combination with good performance properties can be obtained when the average denier of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component is between 0.01-0.1 dtex, in particular from 0.03 dtex to 0.06 dtex is.
  • elementary filaments having this denier can be obtained by splitting composite filaments having a titer of from 0.02 to 6.4 dtex, preferably from 0.06 to 3.8 dtex.
  • the elementary filaments can be formed in cross-section circular segment-shaped, n-sided, or multilobal.
  • the composite microfiber nonwoven fabric of the present invention is one in which the composite filaments have a cross-section of orange-slit-like or "pie" multisegment structure, which segments may contain various alternating incompatible polymers.
  • the composite filaments have a cross-section of orange-slit-like or "pie" multisegment structure, which segments may contain various alternating incompatible polymers.
  • hollow-pie structures that can also have an asymmetrically axially extending cavity. Pie structures, in particular hollow-pie structures, can be split particularly easily.
  • the orange-slit or pie-pie arrangement advantageously has 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 segments, particularly preferably 16, 24 or 32 segments.
  • the proportion of the first fiber component in the nonwoven fabric is preferably at least 40 wt .-%, more preferably from 40 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 45 wt .-% to 55 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the composite filaments comprise filaments which contain at least two thermoplastic polymers.
  • the composite filaments comprise at least two incompatible polymers.
  • Incompatible polymers are to be understood as meaning those polymers which in combination do not give only limited or poorly adhering pairings.
  • Such a composite filament has a good cleavability in elementary filaments and causes a favorable ratio of strength to basis weight.
  • polyolefins As incompatible polymer pairs, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides and / or polyurethanes are preferably used in such a combination that does not result in only limited or difficultly adhesive pairings.
  • the polymer pairs used are particularly preferably selected from polymer pairs with at least one polyolefin and / or at least one polyamide, preferably with polyethylene, such as polypropylene / polyethylene, polyamide 6 / polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate / polyethylene, or with polypropylene, such as polypropylene / polyethylene, polyamide 6 / polypropylene or Polyethylene terephthalate / polypropylene.
  • Polymer pairs with at least one polyamide or with at least one polyethylene terephthalate are preferred because of their conditional bondability, and polymer pairs with at least one polyolefin are particularly preferably used because of their poor bondability.
  • Polyesters preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and / or polybutylene terephthalate on the one hand, polyamide, preferably polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46 on the other hand, if appropriate in combination with one or more further polymers which are incompatible with the abovementioned components, have been preferably selected as particularly preferred components made of polyolefins proved to be particularly useful. This combination has excellent cleavability.
  • the combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 6 or of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66 is very particularly preferred.
  • the proportion of the second fiber component in the nonwoven fabric is preferably at least 30 wt .-%, preferably from 40 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 45 wt .-% to 55 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of nonwoven fabric.
  • the respective layers B contain further fibers in addition to the second fiber component.
  • the respective layers B advantageously contain, in addition to the second fiber component, fibers of the first fiber component. These may have been introduced, for example during solidification and / or splitting, from the layers A into the layer B. As a result, a higher entanglement of the layers and thus a higher strength can be obtained.
  • the second fiber component comprises staple fibers having an average titer of 0.1 to 3 dtex and a length of 20 mm to 60 mm.
  • staple fibers in contrast to filaments having a theoretically unlimited length, fibers with a limited length, and according to the invention from 20 mm to 60 mm to understand.
  • the fibers of the second fiber component can be made of a variety of materials. Particularly suitable are polymers, especially plastics, in particular the plastics already discussed above with regard to the first fiber component but also natural materials.
  • the selection of the fibers of the second fiber component expediently depends on the respective fields of application in which the nonwoven fabric is to be used. As suitable for many applications, filaments have been found. These may be present as monocomponent filaments and / or composite filaments.
  • the fibers of the second fiber component are at least partly as Composite filaments before and are at least partially split into elementary filaments.
  • at least a part of these elementary filaments has a titer of 0.1 to 3 dtex. Most preferably, all of these elementary filaments have this titer.
  • Such elementary filaments can be obtained by splitting composite filaments having a titre of 0.2 to 24 dtex.
  • Another advantage of using the composite filaments is that the titer of the individual elementary filaments can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of elementary filaments contained in the composite filaments.
  • the ratio between thicker and thinner filaments in the nonwoven fabric can be controlled. Practical experiments have shown that when the degree of splitting of the composite filaments is adjusted to at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably 80% to 100%, particularly good pilling properties can be obtained.
  • a further advantage is that in this embodiment a solidification of the nonwoven fabric can preferably be effected by a common splitting of the two composite filament components, for example by hydroentanglement. This procedure allows a particularly intensive cross-layer entanglement of the elementary filaments formed during the splitting, so that the obtained composite nonwoven fabric has a particularly good durability.
  • the type and structure of the composite filaments may correspond to those discussed above for the first fiber component.
  • the composite filaments of the second fiber component preferably consist of 2, 4, 8, 16 elementary filaments and more preferably of 4 or 8 elementary filaments.
  • the fibers of the second fiber component may be monocomponent filaments and / or a blend of composite filaments with monocomponent filaments.
  • the mean titer of the filaments of the first fiber component is significantly below the mean titer of the fibers of the second fiber component.
  • Practical experiments have shown, however, that it is useful for the setting of high strength and good service properties, when the fibers of the second fiber component have an average titer which is not more than 30 times, preferably not more than ten times the average titer of the filaments the first fiber component is.
  • the ratio of the average filament titre of the filaments of the second fiber component to the average filament titer of the filaments of the first fiber component is from 6 to 16, preferably from 8 to 12. It has been found that nonwoven fabrics with such a ratio have a particularly high delamination resistance.
  • an essential characteristic of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention is the alternating arrangement of layers of fibers with large and small fiber titers.
  • Particularly preferred is an arrangement in which the fiber layers are traversed with high titre of filaments from the fiber layers with a low titer at least partially ("tentacle effect").
  • the outer fine filaments which due to the lower mechanical strength and rigidity per se have a higher pilling tendency (fibers can be easily released from the composite by mechanical stress), are better anchored in the overall composite of the nonwoven fabric. This can be done in particular by the above-mentioned "tentacle effect", which binds them better in the adjacent layers with filaments of larger titers.
  • At least part of the surface of the nonwoven fabric is formed by the elementary filaments with a titre of less than 0.1 dtex. Accordingly, advantageously at least one, preferably both, of the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric are formed at least 50%, preferably 60-100%, of the elementary filaments with a titer of less than 0.1 dtex.
  • the structure and composition of the surface can be determined, for example, by means of SEM images.
  • the provision of the fine filaments on the outside of the nonwoven fabric has the advantage that internal threads or filaments of any kind, but especially the coarse fibers of the second fiber component, can be mechanically stabilized.
  • the surface of the nonwoven fabric is characterized by advantageous performance characteristics and by an advantageous aspect and handle.
  • the formation of the alternating arrangement of coarse and fine fibers in the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by layers containing filaments of the first fiber component and layers containing filaments of the second fiber component prepared separately and joined together in the desired arrangement.
  • the Connection of the layers can be effected by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating, and / or mechanical needling, wherein the individual layers are optionally solidified.
  • the connection of the layers is particularly simple in the context of a hydroentanglement of the composite filaments contained in the nonwoven fabric.
  • the layers can also be pre-consolidated separately before the connection.
  • both the fibers of the first and second fiber components are composite filaments which are at least partially split into elementary filaments.
  • a solidification of the nonwoven fabric is preferably carried out by a common splitting of the two composite filament components. This can be done, for example, by first forming a layer composite of nonwovens of the first and second fiber components and then solidifying them, for example by means of water jets. This procedure allows a particularly intensive cross-layer entanglement of the elementary filaments formed during the splitting, so that the obtained composite nonwoven fabric has a particularly good durability.
  • the degree of splitting, in particular of the first fiber component is as high as possible.
  • the proportion of the respective elementary filaments of the first or second fiber component in the layers is advantageously more than 80% by weight, more preferably 85 to 100% by weight.
  • all layers A contain at least partially split Pie 24 filaments, Pie 32 filaments and / or Pie 64 filaments. It is also conceivable that all layers B at least partially split Pie 8 filaments or Pie 4 filaments contain. Also conceivable is an arrangement in which one or more layers contain B Pie 8 filaments and other layers B Pie 16 filaments and / or Pie 4 filaments.
  • the layers such that the layers B containing the fibers of the second fiber component are located inside the nonwoven fabric while the layers A containing the filaments of the first fiber component are at least on the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric are arranged.
  • the outer layers of fine filaments can surprisingly effectively protect the inner layers, despite their fine deniers and their resulting mechanical sensitivity, which, as explained above, leads to the formation of a particularly stable composite layer and good long-term use properties.
  • This effect may possibly be due to the fact that the fine filaments obtained in the splitting step in the Z-direction solidification step, i. in the direction of the cross section of the nonwoven fabric.
  • This distribution can comprise several layers and leads to a particularly intensive connection of the individual layers. Practical experiments have shown that the elementary filaments are transported further into the adjacent layers, the finer they are.
  • the nonwoven fabric according to the invention contains at least two layers A which contain filaments of the first fiber component and at least one layer B which contains filaments of the second fiber component.
  • the alternating base position sequence ABA is obtained.
  • the layer B into the interior of the composite layer, it is possible to obtain a composite nonwoven having outstanding durability become.
  • the fact that the outer sides of the nonwoven fabric are formed by the layers A, the nonwoven fabric also shows very good performance characteristics.
  • the base layer sequence ABA according to the invention can be extended by further alternating layers A and B.
  • layer sequences are thus ABABABA, ABABABABA etc. it is conceivable that one or more layers A comprises a plurality of sub-layers A 'and / or one or more layers B a plurality of sub-layers B'.
  • the titer of the fibers in the respective documents may be the same or different from each other.
  • the outer layers are each formed by the layers A in the layer sequences.
  • the layer sequences are advantageously characterized by an alternating arrangement of the layers A and B. As explained above, however, it is likewise conceivable for the layer sequence to have further layers which are different from A and B.
  • all layers A and / or B each have fibers with the same fiber titer. These embodiments are advantageous because they allow a particularly easy production of the nonwoven fabric.
  • different layers A (and / or B) and / or sub-layers A '(and / or B') have fibers with different fiber titers. This is advantageous in that the properties of the nonwoven fabric can be adjusted very targeted and page-related.
  • the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention may also contain further layers.
  • the further layers are formed as reinforcing layers, for example in the form of a scrim and / or that they comprise reinforcing filaments, nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and / or scrims.
  • Preferred materials for forming the further layers are plastics, for example polyesters, and / or metals.
  • the further layers form the outer layers of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the further layers are arranged in the interior of the nonwoven fabric between the layers A and B.
  • the polymers used to make the filaments of the composite nonwoven fabric may contain at least one additive selected from the group consisting of color pigments, antistatic agents, antimicrobials such as copper, silver, gold, or hydrophilization or hydrophobing additives in an amount of 150 ppm to 10% by weight. , contain.
  • the use of said additives in the polymers used allows adaptation to customer-specific requirements.
  • the basis weights of the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention are adjusted depending on the desired application. As for many applications have useful basis weights, measured according to DIN EN 29073, in the range of 10 to 500 g / m, preferably from 20 to 300 g / m 2 , and in particular from 30 to 250 g / m proved.
  • the composite microfiber nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by excellent mechanical properties.
  • the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by a high durability. It has thus been found that exemplary nonwoven fabrics according to the invention have no holes even after 850 industrial washing cycles according to DIN EN ISO 155797.
  • microfiber composite nonwoven fabric is further characterized by an easily adjustable tear propagation force according to DIN EN ISO 155797.
  • microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by a moisture content that is easily adjustable.
  • the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention can be produced in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. A process has proven to be particularly simple in which at least one first fiber layer comprising filaments of the first fiber component and at least one second fiber layer comprising filaments of the second fiber component are produced and joined together.
  • the process for producing the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is carried out as follows: First, the individual fiber layers are spun separately, stored to a fleece and optionally pre-consolidated, for example by needling. Subsequently, the fiber layers are joined together.
  • connection of the individual layers can be brought about by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating, calendering and / or needling.
  • connection of the individual layers is particularly preferably carried out by alternately arranging layers with fibers of the first fiber component and layers with fibers of the second fiber component after their production and subsequently solidifying them directly, for example by means of mechanical consolidation and / or hydrofluidic treatment, and simultaneously bonding them together.
  • the composite nonwoven fabric can be solidified from the outside in, optionally split and intimately intertwined with the inner coarser filaments.
  • This procedure allows a particularly effective use of the filaments with a low filament titer, since the fine filaments are transported very deeply into the nonwoven fabric and there evidently, owing to their entanglement, lead to a particularly effective stabilization of the composite "tentacle effect".
  • the solidification and splitting of the fiber layers takes place according to the invention in that the optionally preconsolidated nonwoven composite is subjected at least once on each side with high-pressure water jets.
  • the inventive Composite nonwoven fabric can thereby obtain the appearance of a textile surface and the degree of splitting of the composite filaments can be set to more than 80%.
  • the fibers of the first and second fiber components originate from a uniform spinning and / or laying process, are generated simultaneously and stored together.
  • at least two spinning stations each having uniform spinning nozzle openings can be provided, which produce composite filaments with different elementary filament numbers or a mixture of composite filaments with monocomponent filaments in a common spinning and drawing device. These filaments can then be deposited to the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention, and solidified by hydrofluidic treatment and split into the elementary filaments.
  • the advantage is achieved that the production of spunbonded fabrics with different filament titer does not have to be done separately and no subsequent combination is necessary to arrive at a multi-component spunbonded nonwoven consisting of different filaments with different filament titers.
  • at least one row with correspondingly different spinning nozzle openings in a spinneret pack (curtain spinning) or a large number of individual spinneret packs can be present in a so-called traversing tray.
  • composite nonwoven fabrics can be obtained, which consist of layers with a different filament titer and which thereby combine textile-physical properties that can otherwise be achieved only by joining separately produced layers.
  • the inventive method is further formed in such a way that the order of the spinning stations with respect to the storage belt is selected so that the layer structures described above in an arrangement ABA, or A (BA) n BA of the composite layers can be obtained.
  • the order of the spinning stations with respect to the depositing belt is selected so as to produce an alternating denier of the filaments across the thickness of the composite nonwoven web.
  • the composite filaments may have a central opening, particularly in the form of a tubular elongated cavity, which may be centered with respect to the central axis of the composite filaments.
  • the composite filaments may have a latent or spontaneous crimp resulting from an asymmetric configuration of the elementary filaments with respect to their longitudinal center axis, which crimp is optionally activated or reinforced by an asymmetric geometric configuration of the cross section of the composite filaments ,
  • the nonwoven fabric can be provided with a high thickness, a low modulus and / or a multi-axial elasticity.
  • the composite filaments may have a latent or spontaneous curl due to a differentiation of the physical properties of the polymer filaments forming the elementary filaments in the spinning, cooling and / or stretching operations involving the composite filaments, resulting in distortions caused by internal stresses asymmetric loads are caused with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the composite filaments, wherein the crimping is optionally activated or reinforced by an asymmetric, geometric configuration of the cross section of the composite filaments.
  • the composite filaments may have a latent crimp which is activated by thermal, mechanical or chemical treatment prior to forming the composite nonwoven fabric.
  • the crimp can be reinforced, for example, thermally or chemically by additional treatment before solidification of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the solidification of the nonwoven according to the invention preferably takes place by treatment with high-pressure fluid jets.
  • the elementary filaments can be strongly entangled with a mechanical means (needling, liquid pressure jets) acting predominantly perpendicular to the material plane.
  • the filaments in particular the composite filaments, can be deposited, for example by mechanical and / or pneumatic deflection, wherein at least two of these types of deflection can be combined, as well as by spinning on an endless treadmill and mechanically by needling or by the action of liquid pressure jets can be acted upon with solid (micro) particles.
  • the steps of entanglement and separation of the composite filaments into elementary filaments can be carried out in one and the same process step and with one and the same device, wherein the more or less complete separation of the elementary filaments can end with an additional, more directed to the separation, process.
  • the strength and the mechanical resistance of the composite nonwoven fabric can be further increased significantly if it is provided that the elementary filaments are bonded to each other by a thermofusion, which relates to one or more of them, preferably by hot calendering with heated, smooth or engraved rolls, by pulling through a hot-air tunnel kiln, by pulling on a through-flow of hot air drum and / or by applying a binder contained in a dispersion or in a solution or powdered.
  • a thermofusion which relates to one or more of them, preferably by hot calendering with heated, smooth or engraved rolls, by pulling through a hot-air tunnel kiln, by pulling on a through-flow of hot air drum and / or by applying a binder contained in a dispersion or in a solution or powdered.
  • solidification of the nonwoven fabric may also be effected, for example, by hot calendering prior to any separation of the unitary composite filaments into elementary filaments, the separation occurring after nonwoven bonding.
  • the nonwoven structure may also be obtained by a chemical treatment (as described, for example, in French Pat. 2 546 536 the applicant is described) or solidified by a thermal treatment, which leads to a controlled shrinkage, at least a portion of the elementary filaments, after their separation if necessary. This results in a shrinkage of the fabric in the width and / or longitudinal direction.
  • the composite nonwoven fabric may be subjected to chemical type bonding such as anti-pilling treatment, hydrophilization or hydrophobization, antistatic treatment, refractory treatment treatment and / or tactile property modification or solidification after solidification of bonding or finishing Gloss, a mechanical treatment such as roughening, sanforizing, sanding or a tumbler treatment and / or a change of appearance treatment such as dyeing or printing.
  • chemical type bonding such as anti-pilling treatment, hydrophilization or hydrophobization, antistatic treatment, refractory treatment and / or tactile property modification or solidification after solidification of bonding or finishing Gloss
  • a mechanical treatment such as roughening, sanforizing, sanding or a tumbler treatment and / or a change of appearance treatment such as dyeing or printing.
  • a composite nonwoven fabric with a particularly homogeneous structure can be obtained when the web by exposure to temperature and / or pressure, preferably by calendering at a temperature of 160 to 220 ° C, preferably 180-200 C and / or a line pressure of 20 to 80 N / mm is pre-consolidated.
  • the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is subjected to a point calendering to increase its abrasion resistance.
  • the split and solidified composite nonwoven fabric is passed through heated rollers, of which at least one roller has elevations, which lead to a pointy fusion of the filaments with each other.
  • the composite filaments are dyed by spin dyeing.
  • PIE 8 16, 32 plies with basis weights (FG) of about 22 g / m 2 and 43 g / m 2 are prepared, which are assembled as follows.
  • This composite nonwoven fabrics are 6-9 and with the nonwovens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12 reference nonwoven fabrics obtained.
  • nonwoven fabric layers of PIE 16, PIE 8 and PIE 32 segmented bicomponent filaments are produced in a first step.
  • PIE 32 in a bicomponent spunbond system is described below by way of example.
  • zones 1 - 7 270-295 ° C PA6, zones 1 - 7: 260-275 ° C
  • the structure of the obtained PIE 32 segmented bicomponent filaments is in FIG. 1 illustrated.
  • the layers are arranged in the desired order on each other. Subsequently, the splitting and felting of the individual layers is carried out to a multifilament composite nonwoven fabric by means of hydroentanglement.
  • the water jet conditions are set as follows: Pressure (bar) Suction (mbar) pre-consolidation: 0.4 -728 Nozzle bar 2: 2.8 -74 Nozzle bar 3: 230 -206 Nozzle bar 4: 0.1 -206 Nozzle bar 5: 230 -871
  • Nozzle bars 3 and 5 face each other. Jetstrips hole diameter: 130 ⁇ m Shelf band: 100 mesh Materials Handling: 12 m / min
  • the drying conditions are set as follows: There is a drying in a through-air dryer of about 4m length at an air temperature of 190 ° C and a belt speed 12m / min.
  • the tests are based on the following standards: FG Basis weight (g / m 2 ) EN 965 Thickness (mm) EN 964-1 HZK Maximum tensile strength (N / 5cm) EN 13934-1 Elongation at HZK (%) EN 13934-1 Module (N) EN-13934-1 Porosity ( ⁇ m) ISO 2942 / DIN 58355-2 WRK Tearing force (N) EN 13937-2 Abrasion (Martindale, 9KPa) EN 12947 Air permeability (l / m 2 / s) EN 9237 Pilling DIN 53867 (based on) Water absorption (%) based on DIN 53923 Industrial laundry (here 75 ° C) based on DIN EN ISO 155797 (cycles to hole)
  • Example 15 Examination of the duration washing results of the nonwovens:
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 Photographs of the surfaces of exemplary nonwovens are shown.
  • FIG. 2 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 2 is shown after 250 washing cycles. It turns out that the surface is very rough and has a high pilling grade.
  • FIG. 3 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 1 is shown after 250 washing cycles.
  • the surface does have one improved appearance compared to nonwoven fabric No. 2 is still rough and has a high pilling grade.
  • FIG. 4 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 3 is shown after 250 washing cycles.
  • the surface has a much improved appearance compared to nonwoven fabric no. 2.
  • the nonwoven fabric consisting entirely of PIE-32 is, however, of limited use because it has, among other things, a far too low resistance to traveling.
  • FIG. 5 The surface structures of the nonwoven fabric no. 7 are compared after 500 washing cycles with non-inventive nonwovens 1 (after 650 washing cycles) and 3 (after 800 washing cycles). It turns out that the surface of the nonwoven fabric No. 7 has a similar good appearance as the nonwoven fabric No. 3 consisting only of PIE-32. In addition, it is characterized by excellent performance characteristics, such as a good water management, a high tear strength, a good piling and good cleaning properties. In comparison, the nonwoven fabric 1 according to the invention has a strong hole formation.
  • FIG. 6 a cross section of the nonwoven fabric no. 7 is shown.
  • tentacle effect in which the fine PIE-32 elements were carried deep into the layers of coarser filaments by hydroentanglement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Textilphysikalische Eigenschaften von Reinigungstüchern können über die chemischen und textilphysikalischen Eigenschaften der sie bildenden Fasern oder Filamente gesteuert werden. Dabei werden die Faser- oder Filamentrohstoffe nach den gewünschten chemischen oder physikalischen Eigenschaften ausgewählt, zum Beispiel hinsichtlich ihrer Einfärbbarkeit, chemischen Resistenz, ihrer Thermoformbarkeit, ihrer Schmutzaufnahme- oder ihres Adsorptionsvermögens. Die Modul- und Kraftdehnungs-Eigenschaften der Fasern oder Filamente sind u. a. von den Werkstoffeigenschaften abhängig, die durch die Wahl des Kristallisations- und/oder Orientierungsgrades und die Querschnitts-Geometrie gesteuert werden können, um die Biegesteifigkeit, die Kraftaufnahme oder die spezifischen Oberflächen der einzelnen Fasern oder Filamente zu beeinflussen. Die Summe der textilphysikalischen Eigenschaften der ein textiles Flächengebilde bildenden Fasern oder Filamente wird auch über das Flächengewicht gesteuert.Textile physical properties of cleaning wipes can be controlled via the chemical and textile-physical properties of the fibers or filaments forming them. The fiber or filament raw materials are selected according to the desired chemical or physical properties, for example with regard to their colorability, chemical resistance, their thermoformability, their Schmutzaufnahme- or their adsorption capacity. The modulus and force-strain properties of the fibers or filaments are u. a. Depending on the material properties, which can be controlled by the choice of the degree of crystallization and / or orientation and the cross-sectional geometry in order to influence the bending stiffness, the force absorption or the specific surfaces of the individual fibers or filaments. The sum of the textile-physical properties of the fibers or filaments forming a textile fabric is also controlled by the weight per unit area.

Für viele Anwendungszwecke müssen Reinigungstücher einer Vielzahl von Anforderungen entsprechen, die oftmals schwer miteinander in Einklang zu bringen sind. So sollen beispielsweise Mikrofaservliesstoffe sowohl eine hohe Lebensdauer aufweisen als auch eine gute Handhabbarkeit, insbesondere beim Tränken, Auswringen und Wischen, eine gute Reinigungseffizienz, eine gute Beständigkeit gegen mechanische Abnutzung und/oder einen bestimmten Wasserhaushalt bieten.For many applications, cleaning wipes must meet a variety of requirements, which are often difficult to reconcile. For example, microfiber nonwovens are both a high Have life and good handling, especially when soaking, wringing and wiping, a good cleaning efficiency, a good resistance to mechanical wear and / or provide a specific water balance.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Eine Möglichkeit verschiedene Eigenschaften in einem Reinigungstuch zu vereinigen besteht darin, bei gewählter Art der Herstellung der Flächenware (zum Beispiel als Web- oder Strickware oder als Vliesstoff) verschiedene Faserarten miteinander zu kombinieren. So zeigen Gewebe, Gestricke oder Gewirke, welche dickere Fasern in Kombination mit Mikrofasern enthalten, eine gute Haltbarkeit sowie zumindest zu Beginn zufrieden stellende Gebrauchseigenschaften. Nachteilig an diesen Flächengebilden ist jedoch, dass sie in der Herstellung aufwändiger sind als Vliesstoffe. Dazu kommt, dass insbesondere Gestricke ein unzureichendes Rückhaltevermögen für Mikrofasern aufweisen. So wurde gefunden, dass nach etwa 400 Industriewaschzyklen (gemäß DIN EN ISO 155797) die Mikrofaseranteile nahezu vollständig entfernt sind. Dies spiegelt sich in einer deutlichen Verschlechterung der Gebrauchseigenschaften, wie Handhabbarkeit, Hautsensorik, Reinigungseffizienz beziehungsweise Wasserhaushalt wieder.One way to combine different properties in a cleaning cloth is to combine with the selected type of production of the fabric (for example, as a woven or knitted fabric or as a nonwoven fabric) different types of fibers together. Thus, fabrics, knits or knitted fabrics which contain thicker fibers in combination with microfibers show a good durability and at least initially satisfactory performance properties. A disadvantage of these fabrics, however, is that they are more expensive to produce than nonwovens. In addition, knits in particular have insufficient retention capacity for microfibers. It was found that after about 400 industrial washing cycles (according to DIN EN ISO 155797) the microfiber components are almost completely removed. This is reflected in a significant deterioration in the performance characteristics, such as manageability, skin sensor, cleaning efficiency or water balance.

Vliesstoffe, die Mikrofasern enthalten, sind verglichen mit Geweben, Gestricken oder Gewirken deutlich einfacher herzustellen. Vliesstoffe sind Gebilde aus Fasern begrenzter Länge (Stapelfasern), Filamenten (Endlosfasern) oder geschnittenen Garnen jeglicher Art und jeglichen Ursprungs, die auf irgendeine Weise zu einem Vlies (einem Faserflor) zusammengefügt und auf irgendeine Weise miteinander verbunden worden sind. Mikrofaservliesstoffe weisen grundsätzlich hervorragende Eigenschaften bei der Entfernung von Schmutzen und bei Aufnahme und Abgabe von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere von Wasser, auf. An den bekannten Mikrofaservliesstoffen, ist jedoch nachteilig, dass ihre Haltbarkeit, insbesondere bei oftmaligem Waschen in Industriewaschzyklen, begrenzt ist, was sich beispielsweise in einer nach etwa 200 Industriewaschzyklen auftretenden Lochbildung in den Vliesstoffen widerspiegelt. Für Anwendungen in der professionellen Reinigung bedeuten diese 200 Waschzyklen bei zum Beispiel täglicher desinfizierender Wäsche eine Lebensdauer von unter einem Jahr.Nonwovens containing microfibers are significantly easier to manufacture compared to woven, knitted or knitted fabrics. Nonwovens are structures of limited length fibers (staple fibers), filaments (continuous fibers) or cut yarns of any kind and of any origin which have been somehow joined together to form a nonwoven (fibrous web) and interconnected in some way. Microfiber nonwovens basically have excellent properties in the removal of dirt and in the absorption and release of liquids, especially water, on. On the known microfiber nonwovens, however, is disadvantageous that their durability, especially with frequent washing in industrial washing cycles, is limited, which is reflected for example in a occurring after about 200 industrial washing cycles hole formation in the nonwovens. For professional cleaning applications, these 200 wash cycles mean, for example, daily sanitizing laundry will last less than a year.

Durch ein Erhöhen des Anteils an dickeren Fasern kann die Haltbarkeit der Vliesstoffe theoretisch verbessert werden, da die chemische und mechanische Stabilität der Einzelfasern, bzw. -filamente mit deren Dicke zunimmt. Dies geht jedoch auf Kosten der Gebrauchseigenschaften.By increasing the proportion of thicker fibers, the durability of the nonwoven fabrics can theoretically be improved as the chemical and mechanical stability of the individual fibers or filaments increases with their thickness. However, this comes at the expense of the use characteristics.

Eine Erhöhung des Anteils an dünnen Fasern führt erwartungsgemäß zu einer Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften, unter anderem durch eine verbesserte Wasseraufnahmen durch Erzeugen einer höheren Anzahl an Kapilar-Zwischenräumen und durch einen weicheren Griff durch die reduzierte Biegesteifigkeit der Einzelfaser. Derartige Flächengebilde erweisen sich jedoch als fragil, wenn man Weiterreißkraft, Pilling und vor allem Waschbarkeit, insbesondere Kochwaschbarkeit, mit herkömmlichen Textilien vergleicht. Vor allem die den Mikrofasern zuzuschreibenden Gebrauchseigenschaften verschlechtern sich deutlich mit der Zeit.An increase in the proportion of thin fibers is expected to lead to an improvement in the performance characteristics, including improved water absorption by creating a higher number of Kapilar spaces and a softer feel by the reduced bending stiffness of the single fiber. Such fabrics, however, prove to be fragile when comparing tear strength, pilling and above all washability, in particular Kochwaschbarkeit, with conventional textiles. In particular, the properties attributable to the microfibers deteriorate significantly over time.

So wurde für einen PIE 16 Vliesstoff (70 % PET 0,2 dtex; 30 % PA6 0,1 dtex, gesplittet und wasserstrahlverfestigt) in einem Stresstest von 400 Waschzyklen nach DIN EN ISO 155797 gefunden, dass sich das Flächengewicht deutlich verringert hatte. Eine genauere Analyse ergab, dass der Polyamidanteil von ursprünglich 30 auf bis zu 10 Gewichtsprozent gesunken war während sich der PET-Anteil weniger stark reduzierte. Dieses Resultat war insofern überraschend, als bekanntermaßen PET von Basen, wie Waschlaugen, angegriffen wird, Polyamid jedoch nicht. Erklärbar ist das Ergebnis dadurch, dass die feineren Polyamid-Filamente im Mikrofilamentvliesstoff eher dem chemischen und mechanischen Stress in der Wäsche, sowie der hohen mechanischen Friktion beim Trocknen in Trommeln unterliegen und im Laufe der Zeit als Faserbruch abtransportiert werden. Dies könnte auch durch die geringere Faserdicke gegenüber Polyester bedingt sein.Thus, for a PIE 16 nonwoven fabric (70% PET 0.2 dtex, 30% PA6 0.1 dtex, split and hydroentangled) it was found in a stress test of 400 wash cycles according to DIN EN ISO 155797 that the basis weight had markedly decreased. A more detailed analysis showed that the polyamide content had dropped from the original 30% to 10% by weight, while the PET content was reduced to a lesser extent. This result was surprising in that, as is well known, PETs from bases such as wash liquors, is attacked, but not polyamide. The result is explained by the fact that the finer polyamide filaments in the microfilament nonwoven fabric are more subject to the chemical and mechanical stress in the laundry, as well as the high mechanical friction during drying in drums and are transported away over the course of time as fiber breakage. This could also be due to the lower fiber thickness compared to polyester.

Die Absenkung des Anteils an PA6 nach jeweils 500 Wäschen ist in der nachfolgenden Tabelle illustriert. Der Polyamidrestgehalt wurde dabei durch herauslösen mit Ameisensäure bestimmt. Die Einzelmuster zeigen dabei die Streuung der PA6-Abnahme. Tabelle 1: Absenkung des PA6-Anteils nach 500 Wäschen (60°C) von ursprünglich 30% auf: N° Brutto korr; - 0,073 PET gewogen korr; - 0,071 ergibt PA6 Gehalt PA6 g G g g g % 1 1,475 1,402 1,26 1,189 0,213 15,19 2 0,673 0,6 0,593 0,522 0,078 13,00 3 0,97 0,897 0,855 0,784 0,113 12,60 4 1,567 1,494 1,36 1,289 0,205 13,72 5 1,605 1,532 1,442 1,371 0,161 10,51 6 1,301 1,228 1,173 1,102 0,126 10,26 The reduction in the proportion of PA6 after every 500 washes is illustrated in the following table. The polyamide residual content was determined by leaching with formic acid. The individual samples show the scattering of the PA6 decrease. Table 1: Lowering of PA6 content after 500 washes (60 ° C) from originally 30% to: N ° Gross corr; - 0.073 Weighed PET corr; - 0.071 gives PA6 Salary PA6 G G G G G % 1 1.475 1,402 1.26 1,189 0.213 15.19 2 0.673 0.6 0.593 0.522 0.078 13,00 3 0.97 0.897 0.855 0.784 0.113 12.60 4 1,567 1,494 1.36 1,289 0,205 13.72 5 1,605 1,532 1,442 1,371 0.161 10.51 6 1,301 1,228 1,173 1,102 0.126 10.26

In Ableitung von diesen Erfahrungen war zu erwarten, dass das Einbringen von doppelt so dicken Segmenten von PIE 8 bei gegebenem Titer von PIE 16 die mechanischen Eigenschaften und Dauerhaftigkeit verbessert werden, und das Zufügen von halb so dicken Segmenten, kommend aus PIE 32, zu einem Ausgleich an verlorenen Eigenschaften, wie Komfort und Feuchtemanagement führt.Based on these experiences, it was expected that the introduction of twice as thick segments of PIE 8 at a given titer of PIE 16 would improve the mechanical properties and durability, and the addition of half as thick segments coming from PIE 32 would result in one Compensation for lost properties, such as comfort and moisture management leads.

Ein weiterer Weg, regelrecht gegensätzliche Eigenschaften miteinander in einem Flächengebilde zu vereinigen, besteht in der Herstellung von Kompositen aus zwei oder mehr Flächengebilden. Hierzu können die einzelnen Flächengebilde separat hergestellt und anschließend durch bekannte Fügeverfahren, wie Nähen, Kleben, Laminieren, miteinander verbunden werden.Another way to combine truly contradictory properties with each other in one sheet is to produce Composites of two or more fabrics. For this purpose, the individual sheets can be produced separately and then joined together by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating.

Ebenfalls bekannt sind Mehrkomponenten-Spinnvliesstoffe, die einen Titergradienten aufweisen. So beschreibt die EP 1 619 283 A1 Mehrkomponenten-Spinnvliesstoffe, bestehend aus mindestens zwei zueinander Grenzflächen ausbildenden Polymeren, die mindestens einer Spinnvorrichtung mit einheitlichen Spinndüsenöffnungen entstammen und die hydrodynamisch verstreckt, flächenförmig abgelegt sowie entweder als Einzellagen oder als Mehrkomponenten-Verbund gemeinsam verfestigt sind.Also known are multi-component spunbonded fabrics which have a titer gradient. That's how it describes EP 1 619 283 A1 Multi-component spunbonded nonwovens consisting of at least two polymers forming interfaces with one another, which originate from at least one spinning device with uniform spinneret openings and which are hydrodynamically stretched, laid down in a planar manner and solidified together either as individual layers or as a multi-component composite.

Der Erfindung hier liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde die bekannten Mikrofaservliesstoffe dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass sie gute mechanische Eigenschaften, insbesondere eine gute Dauerwaschbeständigkeit mit guten Gebrauchseigenschaften, einen guten thermophysiologischen Komfort, angenehme Hautsensorik und Optik, gutes Wassermanagement (Absorption und Wasserabgabe, bevorzugt gleichmäßig) sowie eine gute Reinigungseffizienz bieten.The invention here has the object of developing the known microfiber nonwovens to the effect that they have good mechanical properties, in particular a good Dauerwaschbeständigkeit with good performance characteristics, a good thermophysiological comfort, pleasant skin sensor and optics, good water management (absorption and water release, preferably evenly) and a offer good cleaning efficiency.

EP 1696064 beschreibt ein Reinigungstuch, welches eine Kombination aus Splitfasern und/oder Meltblownfasern mit gröberen Fasern enthält. Die Lagen können Einzellagen oder Lagenverbunde sein, wobei Vliesstoffe aus Splitfasern die äußeren Lagen darstellen. In diesem Dokument wird ein Reinigungstuch mit Waschbeständigkeit gegenüber Industrieheißwaschzyklen weder beschrieben noch nahegelegt. Vielmehr ist es auf die Herstellung von Reinigungstüchern zur Körperpflege, insbesondere von Babytüchern gerichtet. Diese Produkte sind jedoch Wegwerfartikel und nicht dafür vorgesehen gereinigt zu werden, geschweige denn in Industrieheißwaschzyklen. EP 1696064 describes a cleaning cloth containing a combination of split fibers and / or meltblown fibers with coarser fibers. The layers can be single layers or layer composites, with nonwoven fabrics made of split fibers representing the outer layers. This document neither describes nor suggests a cleaning cloth having a washing resistance to industrial hot washing cycles. Rather, it is directed to the production of cleaning wipes for personal care, especially baby wipes. However, these products are disposable and are not intended to be cleaned, let alone in industrial hot wash cycles.

WO 2004009347 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Vliesstoffverbunds, umfassend die Schritte a) Bereitstellen einer ersten Lage, die kontinuierliche Splitfasern enthält, b) Splitten der kontinuierlichen Splitfasern zu Splitfilamenten, c) Übereinanderlegen der ersten und zweiten Lage, wobei die zweite Lage Stapelfasern enthält und d) Vernadeln der ersten und zweiten Lagen zum Vliesstoffverbund. Bevorzugt sind die Stapelfasern Pulp. WO 2004009347 describes a method of making a nonwoven composite comprising the steps of a) providing a first layer containing continuous split fibers, b) splitting the continuous split fibers into split filaments, c) superimposing the first and second layers, the second layer containing staple fibers, and d) Needling of the first and second layers to the nonwoven composite. Preferably, the staple fibers pulp.

EP 1613802 beschreibt einen wasserstrahlvernadelten Vliesstoff auf Basis von Multikomponentenfasern. In Anspruch 2 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Aufbaus beschrieben, bei dem auf die Multikomponentenfaserlage eine weitere Faserlage mit absorbierendem Material aufgebracht und der Lagenverbund wasserstrahlvernadelt wird. Als absorbierendes Material wird gemäß Seite 19 bevorzugt Pulp mit Faserlängen von bis zu 2,5 mm eingesetzt. EP 1613802 describes a water-jet needled nonwoven fabric based on multicomponent fibers. In claim 2, a method for producing a multilayer structure is described in which applied to the multicomponent fiber layer another fiber layer with absorbent material and the layer composite is water jet needle punched. As absorbent material according to page 19 preferably pulp with fiber lengths of up to 2.5 mm is used.

WO 2006102360 beschreibt beschreibt Wischtücher aus Micro- und Nanofasern. Unter anderem wird wird ein dreilagiger Verbund beschrieben, bei dem die innen liegende Lage ein Spunbond ist. WO 2006102360 describes wipes made of micro- and nanofibers. Among other things, a three-layer composite is described in which the inner layer is a spunbond.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reinigungstuch mit einer Dauerwaschbeständigkeit gegenüber Industrieheißwaschzyklen, ermittelt in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 155797, wie in den Beispielen gezeigt, umfassend einen Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff, in dem eine erste und eine zweite Faserkomponente in Form alternierender Lagen angeordnet sind, wobei

  • mindestens eine erste Lage A die erste Faserkomponente in Form schmelzgesponnener und zu einem Vlies abgelegter Verbundfilamente umfasst, die zumindest teilweise zu Elementar-Filamenten mit einem mittleren Titer von weniger als 0,1 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,03 dtex und 0,06 dtex gesplittet und verfestigt sind,
  • mindestens eine Lage B auf der ersten Lage A angeordnet ist, wobei die Lage B die zweite Faserkomponente in Form von zu einem Vlies abgelegten und verfestigten Stapelfasern mit einem mittleren Titer von 0,1 bis 3 dtex und einer Länge von 20 mm bis 60 mm umfasst,
mindestens eine zweite Lage A auf der Lage B angeordnet ist, wobei der Vliesstoffverbund mindestens einmal auf jeder Seite mit Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen beaufschlagt wurde, sodass die Faserlagen verfestigt und gesplittet wurden.The invention relates to a cleaning cloth having a Dauerwaschbeständigkeit against Industrieheißwaschzyklen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 155797, as shown in the examples, comprising a microfiber composite nonwoven fabric in which a first and a second fiber component in the form of alternating layers are arranged
  • at least a first layer A comprises the first fibrous component in the form of melt-spun and nonwoven composite filaments which are at least partially split into elementary filaments having an average titer of less than 0.1 dtex, preferably between 0.03 dtex and 0.06 dtex and are solidified,
  • at least one ply B is disposed on the first ply A, the ply B comprising the second fiber component in the form of staple fibers deposited and consolidated into a nonwoven fabric having a mean denier of 0.1 to 3 dtex and a length of 20 mm to 60 mm .
At least one second layer A is disposed on the layer B, wherein the nonwoven composite was subjected at least once on each side with high-pressure water jets, so that the fiber layers were solidified and split.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Reinigungstuchs sowie die Verwendung der danach erhaltenen Produkte.The invention further relates to a process for producing such a cleaning cloth and to the use of the products obtained thereafter.

Das erfindungsgemäße Reinigungstuch zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es extrem feine Mikrofilamente in synergistischer Kombination mit gröberen Fasern enthält. Dabei liegen die beiden Faserkomponenten zumindest anteilig in Lagen vor, die in Bezug auf den Querschnitt des Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoffs zumindest bereichsweise alternierend angeordnet sind.The cleaning cloth according to the invention is characterized in that it contains extremely fine microfilaments in synergistic combination with coarser fibers. In this case, the two fiber components are at least partially in layers, which are at least partially arranged alternately with respect to the cross section of the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric.

Erfindungsgemäß wurde gefunden, dass durch die spezielle Kombination der Lagen aus feinen und groben Fasern in einer alternierenden Anordnung die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Haltbarkeit deutlich verbessert werden kann. So zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Reinigungstuch eine hervorragende Dauerwaschbeständigkeit, insbesondere bei stark beanspruchenden Industrieheißwaschzyklen. Darüber hinaus bietet der Vliesstoff trotz des Anteils an gröberen Fasern zufrieden stellende Gebrauchseigenschaften wie einen guten thermophysiologischen Komfort, eine angenehme Hautsensorik und Optik, gutes Wassermanagement sowie eine gute Reinigungseffizienz.According to the invention, it has been found that the mechanical properties and the durability can be markedly improved by the special combination of the layers of fine and coarse fibers in an alternating arrangement. Thus, the cleaning cloth according to the invention exhibits excellent durability washing resistance, especially in heavy-duty industrial hot washing cycles. In addition, despite the proportion of coarser fibers, the nonwoven fabric offers satisfactory performance properties such as good thermo-physiological comfort, a pleasant skin sensor and optics, good water management and a good cleaning efficiency.

Dieses Ergebnis war insofern überraschend, als zu erwarten war, dass die Verwendung von Filamenten mit einem kleineren Filamenttiter zwar zu einer Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften führt, jedoch die Resistenz, und dabei insbesondere auch die Haltbarkeit des Vliesstoffs schlechter wird.This result was surprising in that although it was expected that the use of filaments having a smaller filament titer would result in an improvement in performance characteristics, the resistance and, in particular, the durability of the nonwoven fabric would deteriorate.

Ohne sich auf einen Mechanismus festzulegen wird vermutet, dass die gute mechanische Festigkeit im Bezug auf Pilling, Abrasion und Waschbeständigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffs durch die hohe Verschlingung der feinen Filamente bei ihrer Herstellung, d.h. beim Splitten bzw. beim Verfestigungsprozess, beispielsweise beim Vernadeln und/oder Wasserstrahlverfestigen der Verbundelemente, erzielt wird.Without wishing to be bound by any mechanism, it is believed that the good mechanical strength in terms of pilling, abrasion, and wash resistance of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is due to the high entanglement of the fine filaments in their manufacture, i. during splitting or during the solidification process, for example during needling and / or hydroentanglement of the composite elements is achieved.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente lagenübergreifend zumindest teilweise mit den Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente verschlungen ("Tentakeleffekt"). Dieser Effekt kann beispielsweise dadurch erzielt werden, dass zunächst ein Lagenverbund ABA oder auch größere Lagenverbunde, beispielsweise ein Lagenverbund ABABA aus zunächst noch unverfestigten bzw. lediglich vorverfestigten Vliesen der ersten und zweiten Faserkomponenten gebildet wird und anschließend ein Splittungs- bzw. Verfestigungsschritt für den gesamten Lagenverbund durchgeführt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filaments of the first fiber component are interlaid at least partially engulfed with the fibers of the second fiber component ("tentacle effect"). This effect can be achieved, for example, by first forming a layer composite ABA or even larger layer composites, for example a layer composite ABABA, from initially unconsolidated or merely preconsolidated nonwovens of the first and second fiber components, and then a splitting or solidification step for the entire layer composite is carried out.

Bei dieser Vorgehensweise werden die beim Splitten erhaltenen feinen Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente in Z-Richtung, d.h. in Richtung des Querschnitts des Vliesstoffs, verteilt. Diese Verteilung kann mehrere Lagen umfassen und führt zu einer besonders intensiven Verbindung der einzelnen Lagen. Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass die Elementarfilamente umso weiter in die anderen Lagen transportiert werden je feiner sie sind.In this procedure, the fine filaments of the first fiber component obtained in the splitting are distributed in the Z direction, that is, in the direction of the cross section of the nonwoven fabric. This distribution can comprise several layers and leads to a particularly intensive connection of the individual layers. Practical experiments have shown that the elementary filaments are transported further into the other layers the finer they are.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die erste Faserkomponente schmelzgesponnene und zu einem Vlies abgelegte Verbundfilamente auf. Unter dem Begriff Filamente werden erfindungsgemäß Fasern verstanden, die im Unterschied zu Stapelfasern eine theoretisch unbegrenzte Länge haben. Verbundfilamente bestehen aus mindestens zwei Elementar-Filamenten und können durch gebräuchliche Splittverfahren, wie beispielsweise Wasserstrahlvernadeln, in Elementarfilamente gespalten und verfestigt werden. Die Verbundfilamente der ersten Faserkomponente sind erfindungsgemäß zumindest zum Teil in Elementarfilamente gespalten. Dabei beträgt der Splitgrad vorteilhafter Weise mehr als 80 % noch bevorzugter mehr als 90 % und insbesondere 100 %.According to the invention, the first fiber component has melt-spun composite filaments deposited to form a nonwoven. The term filaments according to the invention are understood to mean fibers which, unlike staple fibers, have a theoretically unlimited length. Composite filaments consist of at least two elementary filaments and can be split and solidified into elementary filaments by conventional grit methods such as water jet needling. The composite filaments of the first fiber component according to the invention are at least partially split into elementary filaments. The degree of splitting is advantageously more than 80%, more preferably more than 90% and in particular 100%.

Um einen ausreichenden Stabilisierungseffekt zu erzielen ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Anteil der Elementarfilamente der ersten Faserkomponente, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Vliesstoffs und als Summenwert über alle Verbundlagen hinweg mindestens 20 Gew.-% beträgt. Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass eine besonders hohe Waschfestigkeit in Kombination mit guten Gebrauchseigenschaften erzeugt werden kann, wenn der Anteil dieser Elementarfilamente von 20 Gew.-% bis 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 30 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Vliesstoffs beträgt.In order to achieve a sufficient stabilizing effect, it is advantageous if the proportion of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component, based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric and as a cumulative value across all composite layers, is at least 20% by weight. Practical experiments have shown that a particularly high washing resistance can be produced in combination with good performance properties if the proportion of these elementary filaments of 20 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 30 wt .-% to 50 wt .-% , based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric.

In Bezug auf die einzelnen Lagen des Vliesstoffs ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Anteil der Elementarfilamente der ersten Faserkomponente in der jeweiligen Lage A, beispielsweise in einer äußeren Lage A oder in einer innen liegenden Lage A von 80 Gew.% bis 100 Gew.%, vorzugsweise von 90 Gew.% bis 100 Gew.%, insbesondere 100 Gew.%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Lage A, beträgt.With respect to the individual layers of the nonwoven fabric, it is advantageous if the proportion of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component in the respective layer A, for example in an outer layer A or in an inner layer A of 80 wt.% To 100 wt.% , preferably from 90% by weight to 100% by weight, in particular 100% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the layer A.

Im Hinblick auf die Dauergebrauchseigenschaften (Pilling, Abrasion und Waschbeständigkeit) ist es dabei von Vorteil, wenn mindestens eine äußere Lage vorteilhafter Weise aber beide äußeren Lagen des Vliesstoffs von den Lagen A gebildet werden.With regard to the continuous use properties (pilling, abrasion and washing resistance), it is advantageous if at least one outer Location advantageously, however, both outer layers of the nonwoven fabric of the layers A are formed.

Grundsätzlich ist denkbar, dass die jeweiligen Lagen A neben der ersten Faserkomponente noch weitere Fasern enthalten. Besonders gute Gebrauchseigenschaften werden jedoch erhalten, wenn zumindest die äußeren Lagen A vollständig aus Elementarfilamenten der ersten Faserkomponente bestehen.In principle, it is conceivable that the respective layers A contain, in addition to the first fiber component, further fibers. However, particularly good service properties are obtained if at least the outer layers A consist entirely of elementary filaments of the first fiber component.

Vorteilhaft an der Verwendung von Verbundfilamenten als Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung der Elementarfilamente ist, dass der Titer der aus ihnen erzeugten Elementarfilamente auf einfache Weise durch Variation der Anzahl der in den Verbundfilamenten enthaltenen Elementarfilamente eingestellt werden kann. Hierbei kann der Titer der Verbundfilamente konstant bleiben, was prozesstechnisch von Vorteil ist. Weiter vorteilhaft an der Verwendung der Verbundfilamente ist, dass zusätzlich durch Variation des Splittgrads der Verbundfilamente auf einfache Weise das Verhältnis an dickeren und dünneren Filamenten im Vliesstoff gesteuert werden kann.An advantage of the use of composite filaments as starting material for producing the elemental filaments is that the titer of the elementary filaments produced from them can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of elementary filaments contained in the composite filaments. In this case, the titer of the composite filaments can remain constant, which is advantageous in terms of process technology. Another advantage of using the composite filaments is that in addition the ratio of thicker and thinner filaments in the nonwoven fabric can be controlled in a simple manner by varying the degree of splitting of the composite filaments.

Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, dass Vliesstoffe mit einer besonders hohen Waschfestigkeit in Kombination mit guten Gebrauchseigenschaften erhalten werden können, wenn der mittlere Titer der Elementarfilamente der ersten Faserkomponente zwischen 0,01-0,1 dtex, insbesondere von 0,03 dtex bis 0,06 dtex beträgt. Elementarfilamente mit diesem Titer können beispielsweise erhalten werden durch Splitten von Verbundfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0.02 bis 6,4 dtex, vorzugsweise von 0,06 bis 3,8 dtex.Practical experiments have shown that nonwoven fabrics having a particularly high washing strength in combination with good performance properties can be obtained when the average denier of the elementary filaments of the first fiber component is between 0.01-0.1 dtex, in particular from 0.03 dtex to 0.06 dtex is. For example, elementary filaments having this denier can be obtained by splitting composite filaments having a titer of from 0.02 to 6.4 dtex, preferably from 0.06 to 3.8 dtex.

Die Elementarfilamente können dabei im Querschnitt kreissegmentförmig, n-eckig, oder multilobal ausgebildet sein.The elementary filaments can be formed in cross-section circular segment-shaped, n-sided, or multilobal.

Vorzugsweise ist der erfindungsgemäße Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff einer, bei dem die Verbundfilamente einen Querschnitt mit Orangenspalten-artiger oder auch "Pie" genannter Multisegment-Struktur aufweisen, wobei die Segmente verschiedene, alternierende, inkompatible Polymere, enthalten können. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Hollow-Pie Strukturen, die auch einen asymmetrisch axial verlaufenden Hohlraum aufweisen können. Pie-Strukturen, insbesondere Hollow-Pie Strukturen, können besonders leicht gesplitteten werden.Preferably, the composite microfiber nonwoven fabric of the present invention is one in which the composite filaments have a cross-section of orange-slit-like or "pie" multisegment structure, which segments may contain various alternating incompatible polymers. Also suitable are hollow-pie structures that can also have an asymmetrically axially extending cavity. Pie structures, in particular hollow-pie structures, can be split particularly easily.

Im Hinblick auf die erste Faserkomponente weist die Orangenspalten- bzw. Kuchenstück-Anordnung (Pie-Anordnung) vorteilhafterweise 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 oder 64 Segmente, besonders bevorzugt 16, 24 oder 32 Segmente, auf.With regard to the first fiber component, the orange-slit or pie-pie arrangement advantageously has 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 segments, particularly preferably 16, 24 or 32 segments.

Der Anteil der ersten Faserkomponente im Vliesstoff beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 40 Gew.-%, noch bevorzugter von 40 Gew.-% bis 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 45 Gew.-% bis 55 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Vliesstoffs.The proportion of the first fiber component in the nonwoven fabric is preferably at least 40 wt .-%, more preferably from 40 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 45 wt .-% to 55 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric.

Um eine leichte Splittbarkeit zu erhalten ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Verbundfilamente Filamente umfassen, die mindestens zwei thermoplastische Polymere enthalten. Vorzugsweise umfassen die Verbundfilamente mindestens zwei inkompatible Polymere. Unter inkompatiblen Polymeren sind solche Polymere zu verstehen, die in Kombination nicht, nur bedingt bzw. schwer klebende Paarungen ergeben. Ein solches Verbundfilament weist eine gute Spaltbarkeit in Elementarfilamente auf und bewirkt ein günstiges Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu Flächengewicht.In order to obtain easy splittability, it is advantageous if the composite filaments comprise filaments which contain at least two thermoplastic polymers. Preferably, the composite filaments comprise at least two incompatible polymers. Incompatible polymers are to be understood as meaning those polymers which in combination do not give only limited or poorly adhering pairings. Such a composite filament has a good cleavability in elementary filaments and causes a favorable ratio of strength to basis weight.

Als inkompatible Polymerpaare, werden vorzugsweise Polyolefine, Polyester, Polyamide und/oder Polyurethane in einer solchen Kombination eingesetzt, dass sich nicht, nur bedingt bzw. schwer klebende Paarungen ergeben.As incompatible polymer pairs, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides and / or polyurethanes are preferably used in such a combination that does not result in only limited or difficultly adhesive pairings.

Die verwendeten Polymerpaare werden besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus Polymerpaaren mit mindestens einem Polyolefin und/oder mindestens einem Polyamid, bevorzugt mit Polyethylen, wie Polypropylen/ Polyethylen, Polyamid6/ Polyethylen oder Polyethylenterepthalat/ Polyethylen, oder mit Polypropylen, wie Polypropylen/ Polyethylen, Polyamid6/ Polypropylen oder Polyethylenterepthalat/ Polypropylen.The polymer pairs used are particularly preferably selected from polymer pairs with at least one polyolefin and / or at least one polyamide, preferably with polyethylene, such as polypropylene / polyethylene, polyamide 6 / polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate / polyethylene, or with polypropylene, such as polypropylene / polyethylene, polyamide 6 / polypropylene or Polyethylene terephthalate / polypropylene.

Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden Polymerpaare mit mindestens einem Polyester und/oder mindestens einem Polyamid.Very particular preference is given to polymer pairs with at least one polyester and / or at least one polyamide.

Polymerpaare mit zumindest einem Polyamid oder mit zumindest einem Polyethylenterephthalat werden wegen deren bedingter Klebbarkeit bevorzugt und Polymerpaare mit zumindest einem Polyolefin werden wegen deren schwerer Klebbarkeit besonders bevorzugt verwendet.Polymer pairs with at least one polyamide or with at least one polyethylene terephthalate are preferred because of their conditional bondability, and polymer pairs with at least one polyolefin are particularly preferably used because of their poor bondability.

Als besonders bevorzugte Komponenten haben sich Polyester, vorzugsweise Polyethylenterephthalat, Polymilchsäure und/oder Polybutylenterephthalat einerseits, Polyamid, vorzugsweise Polyamid 6, Polyamid 66, Polyamid 46, andererseits ggf. in Kombination mit einem oder mehreren weiteren zu den oben genannten Komponenten inkompatiblen Polymeren, vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Polyolefinen als besonders zweckmäßig erwiesen. Diese Kombination weist eine hervorragende Spaltbarkeit auf. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist die Kombination aus Polyethylenterephthalat und Polyamid 6 oder aus Polyethylenterephthalat und Polyamid 66.Polyesters, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and / or polybutylene terephthalate on the one hand, polyamide, preferably polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46 on the other hand, if appropriate in combination with one or more further polymers which are incompatible with the abovementioned components, have been preferably selected as particularly preferred components made of polyolefins proved to be particularly useful. This combination has excellent cleavability. The combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 6 or of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66 is very particularly preferred.

Der Anteil der zweiten Faserkomponente im Vliesstoff beträgt vorzugsweise mindestens 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 40 Gew.-% bis 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 45 Gew.-% bis 55 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Vliesstoffs.The proportion of the second fiber component in the nonwoven fabric is preferably at least 30 wt .-%, preferably from 40 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular from 45 wt .-% to 55 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of nonwoven fabric.

Denkbar ist, dass die jeweiligen Lagen B neben der zweiten Faserkomponente noch weitere Fasern enthalten. So enthalten die jeweiligen Lagen B vorteilhafter Weise neben der zweiten Faserkomponente Fasern der ersten Faserkomponente. Diese können, beispielsweise beim Verfestigen und/oder Splitten, aus den Lagen A in die Lage B eingebracht worden sein. Hierdurch kann eine höhere Verschlingung der Lagen und somit eine höheren Festigkeit erhalten werden.It is conceivable that the respective layers B contain further fibers in addition to the second fiber component. Thus, the respective layers B advantageously contain, in addition to the second fiber component, fibers of the first fiber component. These may have been introduced, for example during solidification and / or splitting, from the layers A into the layer B. As a result, a higher entanglement of the layers and thus a higher strength can be obtained.

Die zweite Faserkomponente umfasst Stapelfasern mit einem mittleren Titer von 0,1 bis 3 dtex und einer Länge von 20 mm bis 60 mm. Hierbei sind unter Stapelfasern im Unterschied zu Filamenten, die eine theoretisch unbegrenzte Länge aufweisen, Fasern mit einer begrenzten Länge, und erfindungsgemäß von 20 mm bis 60 mm zu verstehen.The second fiber component comprises staple fibers having an average titer of 0.1 to 3 dtex and a length of 20 mm to 60 mm. Here, staple fibers, in contrast to filaments having a theoretically unlimited length, fibers with a limited length, and according to the invention from 20 mm to 60 mm to understand.

Die Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente können aus den verschiedensten Materialien bestehen. Geeignet sind insbesondere Polymere, hierbei vor allem Kunststoffe, insbesondere die oben bereits im Bezug auf die erste Faserkomponente diskutierten Kunststoffe aber auch natürliche Materialien.The fibers of the second fiber component can be made of a variety of materials. Particularly suitable are polymers, especially plastics, in particular the plastics already discussed above with regard to the first fiber component but also natural materials.

Die Auswahl der Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente richtet sich zweckmäßigerweise nach den jeweiligen Anwendungsbereichen, in denen der Vliesstoff eingesetzt werden soll. Als für viele Anwendungszwecke geeignet haben sich Filamente erwiesen. Diese können als Monokomponentenfilamente und/oder Verbundfilamente vorliegen.The selection of the fibers of the second fiber component expediently depends on the respective fields of application in which the nonwoven fabric is to be used. As suitable for many applications, filaments have been found. These may be present as monocomponent filaments and / or composite filaments.

Vorzugsweise liegen die Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente, wie die Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente, zumindest anteilig als Verbundfilamente vor und sind zumindest teilweise in Elementarfilamente gesplittet. In diesem Fall weist zumindest ein Teil dieser Elementarfilamente einen Titer von 0,1 bis 3 dtex auf. Ganz besonders bevorzugt weisen sämtliche dieser Elementarfilamente diesen Titer auf. Derartige Elementarfilamente können durch Splittung von Verbundfilamenten mit einem Titer von 0,2 bis 24 dtex erhalten werden.Preferably, the fibers of the second fiber component, such as the filaments of the first fiber component, are at least partly as Composite filaments before and are at least partially split into elementary filaments. In this case, at least a part of these elementary filaments has a titer of 0.1 to 3 dtex. Most preferably, all of these elementary filaments have this titer. Such elementary filaments can be obtained by splitting composite filaments having a titre of 0.2 to 24 dtex.

Vorteilhaft an der Verwendung der Verbundfilamente ist auch hier, dass der Titer der einzelnen Elementarfilamente auf einfache Weise durch Variation der Anzahl der in den Verbundfilamenten enthaltenen Elementarfilamente eingestellt werden kann. Dazu kommt, dass durch Variation des Splittgrades das Verhältnis zwischen dickeren und dünneren Filamenten im Vliesstoff gesteuert werden kann. Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass bei einer Einstellung des Splittgrads der Verbundfilamente auf mindestens 60 %, noch bevorzugter auf mindestens 70 %, noch bevorzugter auf 80 % bis 100 % besonders gute Pillingeigenschaften erhalten werden können.Another advantage of using the composite filaments is that the titer of the individual elementary filaments can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of elementary filaments contained in the composite filaments. In addition, by varying the degree of chipping, the ratio between thicker and thinner filaments in the nonwoven fabric can be controlled. Practical experiments have shown that when the degree of splitting of the composite filaments is adjusted to at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably 80% to 100%, particularly good pilling properties can be obtained.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass in dieser Ausführungsform eine Verfestigung des Vliesstoffs vorzugsweise durch eine gemeinsame Splittung beider Verbundfilamentkomponenten, beispielsweise durch Wasserstrahlverfestigung, erfolgen kann. Diese Vorgehensweise erlaubt eine besonders intensive schichtübergreifende Verschlingung der bei der Splittung gebildeten Elementar-Filamente, so dass der erhaltene Verbundvliesstoff eine besonders gute Dauerhaltbarkeit besitzt.A further advantage is that in this embodiment a solidification of the nonwoven fabric can preferably be effected by a common splitting of the two composite filament components, for example by hydroentanglement. This procedure allows a particularly intensive cross-layer entanglement of the elementary filaments formed during the splitting, so that the obtained composite nonwoven fabric has a particularly good durability.

Art und Struktur der Verbundfilamente können derjenigen entsprechen, die oben für die erste Faserkomponente diskutiert wurde. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Verbundfilamente der zweiten Faserkomponente aus 2, 4, 8, 16 Elementar-Filamenten und besonders bevorzugt aus 4 oder 8 Elementar-Filamenten.The type and structure of the composite filaments may correspond to those discussed above for the first fiber component. The composite filaments of the second fiber component preferably consist of 2, 4, 8, 16 elementary filaments and more preferably of 4 or 8 elementary filaments.

Alternativ können die Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente Monokomponenten-Filamente und/oder ein Gemisch von Verbundfilamenten mit Monokomponenten-Filamenten sein.Alternatively, the fibers of the second fiber component may be monocomponent filaments and / or a blend of composite filaments with monocomponent filaments.

Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt liegt der mittlere Titer der Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente deutlich unterhalb des mittleren Titers der Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente. Praktische Versuche haben jedoch ergeben, dass es für die Einstellung von hoher Festigkeit und guten Gebrauchseigenschaften zweckmäßig ist, wenn die Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente einen mittleren Titer aufweisen, der nicht mehr als das 30 fache, vorzugsweise nicht mehr als das Zehnfache des mittleren Titers der Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente beträgt.According to the invention, the mean titer of the filaments of the first fiber component is significantly below the mean titer of the fibers of the second fiber component. Practical experiments have shown, however, that it is useful for the setting of high strength and good service properties, when the fibers of the second fiber component have an average titer which is not more than 30 times, preferably not more than ten times the average titer of the filaments the first fiber component is.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn das Verhältnis des mittleren Filamenttiters der Filamente der zweiten Faserkomponente zu dem mittleren Filamenttiter der Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente von 6 bis 16, vorzugsweise von 8 bis 12, beträgt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Vliesstoffe mit einem solchen Verhältnis eine besonders hohe Delaminierungsresistenz aufweisen.It has proved particularly advantageous if the ratio of the average filament titre of the filaments of the second fiber component to the average filament titer of the filaments of the first fiber component is from 6 to 16, preferably from 8 to 12. It has been found that nonwoven fabrics with such a ratio have a particularly high delamination resistance.

Wie bereits oben erläutert ist eine wesentliche Charakteristik des erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffs die alternierende Anordnung von Lagen aus Fasern mit großen und kleinen Fasertitern. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Anordnung, in der die Faserlagen mit großem Titer von Filamenten aus den Faserlagen mit kleinem Titer zumindest teilweise durchdrungen werden ("Tentakeleffekt"). Hierdurch kann ein maximaler Schutz der innen liegenden groben Filamente, die aufgrund ihrer geringeren Verschlingung untereinander eine geringe Stabilität aufweisen, von außen liegenden feinen Filamenten, die aufgrund ihres hohen Verschlingungsgrades mit sich selbst und mit den groben Filamenten eine gute Stabilität aufweisen, erzielt werden. Gleichzeitig werden die außen liegenden feinen Filamente, die auf Grund der geringeren mechanischen Festigkeit und Steifigkeit an sich eine höhere Pilling-Neigung aufweisen (Fasern können durch mechanische Beanspruchung einfacher aus dem Verbund gelöst werden), besser im Gesamtverbund des Vliesstoffes verankert werden. Dies kann insbesondere durch den oben genannten "Tentakeleffekt" erfolgen, der sie besser in die angrenzenden Lagen mit Filamenten größeren Titers einbindet.As already explained above, an essential characteristic of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention is the alternating arrangement of layers of fibers with large and small fiber titers. Particularly preferred is an arrangement in which the fiber layers are traversed with high titre of filaments from the fiber layers with a low titer at least partially ("tentacle effect"). As a result, a maximum protection of the inside coarse filaments, which have a low stability to each other due to their lower entanglement, from the outside fine filaments, due to their high Verschlingungsgrades with itself and with the coarse Filaments have a good stability can be achieved. At the same time, the outer fine filaments, which due to the lower mechanical strength and rigidity per se have a higher pilling tendency (fibers can be easily released from the composite by mechanical stress), are better anchored in the overall composite of the nonwoven fabric. This can be done in particular by the above-mentioned "tentacle effect", which binds them better in the adjacent layers with filaments of larger titers.

Vor diesem Hintergrund ist von Vorteil, wenn zumindest ein Teil der Oberfläche des Vliesstoffs von den Elementarfilamenten mit einem Titer von weniger als 0,1 dtex gebildet wird. Dementsprechend wird vorteilhafter Weise zumindest eine, vorzugsweise beide der Oberflächen des Vliesstoffs zumindest zu 50 %, vorzugsweise zu 60-100 % von den Elementar-Filamenten mit einem Titer von weniger als 0,1 dtex gebildet. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Oberfläche kann beispielsweise mittels REM Aufnahmen bestimmt werden.Against this background, it is advantageous if at least part of the surface of the nonwoven fabric is formed by the elementary filaments with a titre of less than 0.1 dtex. Accordingly, advantageously at least one, preferably both, of the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric are formed at least 50%, preferably 60-100%, of the elementary filaments with a titer of less than 0.1 dtex. The structure and composition of the surface can be determined, for example, by means of SEM images.

Die Vorsehung der feinen Filamente an der Außenseite des Vliesstoffs hat den Vorteil, dass innenliegende Fäden oder Filamente jedweder Art, aber insbesondere die groben Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente mechanisch stabilisiert werden können. Gleichzeitig zeichnet sich die Oberfläche des Vliesstoffs durch vorteilhafte Gebrauchseigenschaften sowie durch einen vorteilhaften Aspekt und Griff aus.The provision of the fine filaments on the outside of the nonwoven fabric has the advantage that internal threads or filaments of any kind, but especially the coarse fibers of the second fiber component, can be mechanically stabilized. At the same time, the surface of the nonwoven fabric is characterized by advantageous performance characteristics and by an advantageous aspect and handle.

Die Ausbildung der alternierenden Anordnung grober und feiner Fasern im erfindungsgemäßen Verbundvliesstoff kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass Lagen, die Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente enthalten und Lagen, die Filamente der zweiten Faserkomponente enthalten, separat hergestellt und in der gewünschten Anordnung miteinander verbunden werden. Die Verbindung der Lagen kann dabei durch bekannte Fügeverfahren, wie Nähen, Kleben, Laminieren, und/oder mechanisches Vernadeln erfolgen, wobei die einzelnen Lagen gegebenenfalls verfestigt werden. Besonders einfach erfolgt die Verbindung der Lagen im Rahmen einer Wasserstrahlverfestigung der im Vliesstoff enthaltenen Verbundfilamente. Dabei können die Lagen vor der Verbindung auch separat vorverfestigt werden.The formation of the alternating arrangement of coarse and fine fibers in the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by layers containing filaments of the first fiber component and layers containing filaments of the second fiber component prepared separately and joined together in the desired arrangement. The Connection of the layers can be effected by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating, and / or mechanical needling, wherein the individual layers are optionally solidified. The connection of the layers is particularly simple in the context of a hydroentanglement of the composite filaments contained in the nonwoven fabric. The layers can also be pre-consolidated separately before the connection.

Vorzugsweise sind sowohl die Fasern der ersten als auch der zweiten Faserkomponente Verbundfilamente, die zumindest teilweise zu Elementar-Filamenten gesplittet sind. In diesem Fall erfolgt eine Verfestigung des Vliesstoffs vorzugsweise durch eine gemeinsame Splittung beider Verbundfilamentkomponenten. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass zunächst ein Lagenverbund aus Vliesen der ersten und zweiten Faserkomponente gebildet werden und anschließend eine Verfestigung, beispielsweise mittels Wasserstrahlen, erfolgt. Diese Vorgehensweise erlaubt eine besonders intensive schichtübergreifende Verschlingung der bei der Splittung gebildeten Elementar-Filamente, so dass der erhaltene Verbundvliesstoff eine besonders gute Dauerhaltbarkeit besitzt.Preferably, both the fibers of the first and second fiber components are composite filaments which are at least partially split into elementary filaments. In this case, a solidification of the nonwoven fabric is preferably carried out by a common splitting of the two composite filament components. This can be done, for example, by first forming a layer composite of nonwovens of the first and second fiber components and then solidifying them, for example by means of water jets. This procedure allows a particularly intensive cross-layer entanglement of the elementary filaments formed during the splitting, so that the obtained composite nonwoven fabric has a particularly good durability.

Um einen hohen Verschlingungdgrad zu erhalten ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Splittgrad, insbesondere der ersten Faserkomponente, möglichst hoch ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund beträgt der Anteil der jeweiligen Elementar-Filamente der ersten oder zweiten Faserkomponente in den Lagen vorteilhafter Weise mehr als 80 Gew. %, noch bevorzugter 85 bis 100 Gew. %.In order to obtain a high degree of intangibility, it is expedient if the degree of splitting, in particular of the first fiber component, is as high as possible. Against this background, the proportion of the respective elementary filaments of the first or second fiber component in the layers is advantageously more than 80% by weight, more preferably 85 to 100% by weight.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthalten alle Lagen A zumindest teilweise gesplittete Pie 24-Filamente, Pie 32-Filamente und/oder Pie 64-Filamente. Denkbar ist ferner, dass sämtliche Lagen B zumindest teilweise gesplittete Pie 8-Filamente oder Pie 4-Filamente enthalten. Ebenfalls denkbar ist eine Anordnung, in der eine oder mehrere Lagen B Pie 8-Filamente enthalten und andere Lagen B Pie 16-Filamente und/oder Pie 4--Filamente.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, all layers A contain at least partially split Pie 24 filaments, Pie 32 filaments and / or Pie 64 filaments. It is also conceivable that all layers B at least partially split Pie 8 filaments or Pie 4 filaments contain. Also conceivable is an arrangement in which one or more layers contain B Pie 8 filaments and other layers B Pie 16 filaments and / or Pie 4 filaments.

Wie bereits oben erläutert hat es sich als besonders günstig erwiesen die Lagen so anzuordnen, dass sich die Lagen B, die die Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente enthalten, im Inneren des Vliesstoffs befinden während die Lagen A, die die Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente enthalten, zumindest auf den Oberflächen des Vliesstoffs angeordnet sind. In dieser Anordnung können die außen liegenden Decklagen mit feinen Filamenten die innen liegenden Lagen überraschenderweise trotz ihrer feinen Titer und ihrer daraus resultierenden mechanischen Sensibilität effektiv schützen, was wie oben erläutert, zur Ausbildung eines besonders stabilen Schichtverbunds und guten Dauergebrauchseigenschaften führt.As already explained above, it has proved to be particularly favorable to arrange the layers such that the layers B containing the fibers of the second fiber component are located inside the nonwoven fabric while the layers A containing the filaments of the first fiber component are at least on the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric are arranged. In this arrangement, the outer layers of fine filaments can surprisingly effectively protect the inner layers, despite their fine deniers and their resulting mechanical sensitivity, which, as explained above, leads to the formation of a particularly stable composite layer and good long-term use properties.

Dieser Effekt lässt sich möglicherweise darauf zurückführen, dass die beim Splitten erhaltenen feinen Filamente beim Verfestigungschritt in Z-Richtung, d.h. in Richtung des Querschnitts des Vliesstoffs, verteilt werden. Diese Verteilung kann mehrere Lagen umfassen und führt zu einer besonders intensiven Verbindung der einzelnen Lagen. Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass die Elementarfilamente umso weiter in die angrenzenden Lagen hinein transportiert werden, je feiner sie sind.This effect may possibly be due to the fact that the fine filaments obtained in the splitting step in the Z-direction solidification step, i. in the direction of the cross section of the nonwoven fabric. This distribution can comprise several layers and leads to a particularly intensive connection of the individual layers. Practical experiments have shown that the elementary filaments are transported further into the adjacent layers, the finer they are.

Der erfindungsgemäße Vliesstoff enthält mindestens zwei Lagen A, die Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente enthalten, sowie mindestens eine Lage B, die Filamente der zweiten Faserkomponente enthält. Hierdurch wird die alternierende Basislagenfolge A-B-A erhalten. Wie bereits oben erläutert, kann durch die Einbindung der Lage B in das Innere des Schichtverbunds ein Verbundvliesstoff mit einer herausragenden Dauerbeständigkeit erhalten werden. Dadurch, dass die Außenseiten des Vliesstoffs durch die Lagen A gebildet werden, zeigt der Vliesstoff ferner sehr gute Gebrauchseigenschaften.The nonwoven fabric according to the invention contains at least two layers A which contain filaments of the first fiber component and at least one layer B which contains filaments of the second fiber component. As a result, the alternating base position sequence ABA is obtained. As already explained above, by incorporating the layer B into the interior of the composite layer, it is possible to obtain a composite nonwoven having outstanding durability become. The fact that the outer sides of the nonwoven fabric are formed by the layers A, the nonwoven fabric also shows very good performance characteristics.

Die erfindungsgemäße Basislagenfolge ABA kann durch weitere alternierende Lagen A und B erweitert werden. Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst somit die Lagenfolgen: A(BA)nBA, mit n = 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise von n = 5 bis 15 und insbesondere von 8 bis 12. Beispiele für Lagenfolgen sind somit ABABABA, ABABABABA usw. Dabei ist denkbar, dass eine oder mehrere Lagen A mehrere Unter-Lagen A' und/oder eine oder mehrere Lagen B mehrere Unter-Lagen B' umfasst. Dabei kann der Titer der Fasern in den jeweiligen Unterlagen gleich sein oder voneinander abweichen. In einer Spinnanlage mit 15 Spinnpositionen wäre somit beispielsweise folgende Anordnung der Unter-Lagen A' und B' denkbar: A'A'B'B'B'A'B'B'B'A'B'B'B'A'A', was für den späteren Betrachter des Querschnitts ergibt A(BA)2BA.The base layer sequence ABA according to the invention can be extended by further alternating layers A and B. A further preferred embodiment of the invention thus comprises the layer sequences: A (BA) n BA, where n = 1 to 20, preferably n = 5 to 15 and in particular 8 to 12. Examples of layer sequences are thus ABABABA, ABABABABA etc. it is conceivable that one or more layers A comprises a plurality of sub-layers A 'and / or one or more layers B a plurality of sub-layers B'. The titer of the fibers in the respective documents may be the same or different from each other. In a spinning system with 15 spinning positions, for example, the following arrangement of the sub-layers A 'and B' would be conceivable: A'A'B'B'B'A'B'B'B'A'B'B'B'A ' A ', which gives the later viewer of the cross-section A (BA) 2 BA.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden in den Lagenfolgen die äußeren Lagen jeweils von den Lagen A gebildet. Ferner zeichnen sich die Lagenfolgen vorteilhafter Weise durch eine alternierende Anordnung der Lagen A und B aus. Wie oben erläutert jedoch ist ebenfalls denkbar, dass die Lagenfolge weitere, von A und B verschiedene, Lagen aufweist.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer layers are each formed by the layers A in the layer sequences. Furthermore, the layer sequences are advantageously characterized by an alternating arrangement of the layers A and B. As explained above, however, it is likewise conceivable for the layer sequence to have further layers which are different from A and B.

Als ebenfalls vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen die Lagenfolge der Lagen A und B, sowie der gegebenenfalls vorhandenen weiteren Lagen im Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff so zu gestalten, dass sich ein symmetrischer Schichtaufbau ergibt. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, dass ein besonders gleichmäßiges, seitensymmetrisches Eigenschaftsprofil erhalten werden kann.It has also proved to be advantageous to design the layer sequence of the layers A and B, as well as any other layers present in the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric, in such a way that a symmetrical layer structure results. This arrangement has the advantage that a particularly uniform, side-symmetrical property profile can be obtained.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen alle Lagen A und/oder B jeweils Fasern mit dem gleichen Fasertiter auf. Diese Ausführungsformen sind vorteilhaft, da sie eine besonders leichte Herstellung des Vliesstoffs ermöglichen. Gemäß einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen jedoch verschiedene Lagen A (und/oder B) und/oder Unter-Lagen A' (und/oder B') Fasern mit verschiedenen Fasertitern auf. Hieran ist vorteilhaft, dass die Eigenschaften des Vliesstoffs sehr gezielt und seitenbezogen eingestellt werden können.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, all layers A and / or B each have fibers with the same fiber titer. These embodiments are advantageous because they allow a particularly easy production of the nonwoven fabric. However, according to an alternative preferred embodiment, different layers A (and / or B) and / or sub-layers A '(and / or B') have fibers with different fiber titers. This is advantageous in that the properties of the nonwoven fabric can be adjusted very targeted and page-related.

Der erfindungsgemäße Verbundvliesstoff kann auch weitere Lagen enthalten. Denkbar ist dabei, dass die weiteren Lagen als Verstärkungslagen, beispielsweise in Form eines Scrims ausgebildet sind und/oder dass sie Verstärkungsfilamente, Vliesstoffe, Gewebe, Gewirke und/oder Gelege umfassen. Bevorzugte Materialien zur Bildung der weiteren Lagen sind Kunststoffe, beispielsweise Polyester, und/oder Metalle. Dabei ist grundsätzlich denkbar, dass die weiteren Lagen die Außenlagen des Vliesstoffs bilden. Vorteilhafterweise sind die weiteren Lagen jedoch (gegebenenfalls zusätzlich) im Inneren des Vliesstoffs zwischen den Lagen A und B angeordnet.The composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention may also contain further layers. It is conceivable that the further layers are formed as reinforcing layers, for example in the form of a scrim and / or that they comprise reinforcing filaments, nonwovens, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and / or scrims. Preferred materials for forming the further layers are plastics, for example polyesters, and / or metals. It is basically conceivable that the further layers form the outer layers of the nonwoven fabric. Advantageously, however, the further layers (optionally in addition) are arranged in the interior of the nonwoven fabric between the layers A and B.

Die zur Herstellung der Filamente des Verbundvliesstoffs eingesetzten Polymere können zumindest ein Additiv, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Farbpigmenten, Antistatika, Antimikrobia wie Kupfer, Silber, Gold, oder Hydrophilierungs- oder Hydrophobierungs -Additive in einer Menge von 150 ppm bis 10 Gew.%, enthalten. Die Verwendung der genannten Additive in den eingesetzten Polymeren gestattet die Anpassung an kundenspezifische Anforderungen.The polymers used to make the filaments of the composite nonwoven fabric may contain at least one additive selected from the group consisting of color pigments, antistatic agents, antimicrobials such as copper, silver, gold, or hydrophilization or hydrophobing additives in an amount of 150 ppm to 10% by weight. , contain. The use of said additives in the polymers used allows adaptation to customer-specific requirements.

Die Flächengewichte des erfindungsgemäßen Verbundvliesstoffs werden in Abhängigkeit von dem gewünschten Anwendungszweck eingestellt. Als für viele Anwendungen zweckmäßig haben sich Flächengewichte, gemessen nach DIN EN 29073, im Bereich von 10 bis 500 g/m, vorzugsweise von 20 bis 300 g/m2, und insbesondere von 30 bis 250 g/m erwiesen.The basis weights of the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention are adjusted depending on the desired application. As for many applications have useful basis weights, measured according to DIN EN 29073, in the range of 10 to 500 g / m, preferably from 20 to 300 g / m 2 , and in particular from 30 to 250 g / m proved.

Wie oben erläutert zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff durch hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften aus. So ist der erfindungsgemäße Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung gekennzeichnet durch eine hohe Haltbarkeit. So konnte festgestellt werden, dass beispielhafte erfindungsgemäße Vliesstoffe auch nach 850 Industriewaschzyklen gemäß DIN EN ISO 155797 keine Löcher aufweisen.As explained above, the composite microfiber nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by excellent mechanical properties. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by a high durability. It has thus been found that exemplary nonwoven fabrics according to the invention have no holes even after 850 industrial washing cycles according to DIN EN ISO 155797.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff ferner gekennzeichnet durch eine einfach einstellbare Weiterreisskraft gemäß DIN EN ISO 155797.Advantageously, the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric is further characterized by an easily adjustable tear propagation force according to DIN EN ISO 155797.

Desweiteren zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff durch einen gut einstellbaren Feuchtigkeitshaushalt aus. Der erfindungsgemäße Mikrofaser-Verbundvliesstoff kann auf dem Fachmann bekannte Art und Weise hergestellt werden. Als besonders einfach hat sich ein Verfahren erwiesen, bei dem mindestens eine erste Faserlage umfassend Filamente der ersten Faserkomponente und mindestens eine zweite Faserlage umfassend Filamente der zweiten Faserkomponente hergestellt und miteinander verbunden werden.Furthermore, the microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is characterized by a moisture content that is easily adjustable. The microfiber composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention can be produced in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. A process has proven to be particularly simple in which at least one first fiber layer comprising filaments of the first fiber component and at least one second fiber layer comprising filaments of the second fiber component are produced and joined together.

Vorteilhafterweise wird das Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verbundvliesstoffs wie folgt durchgeführt:
Zunächst werden die einzelnen Faserlagen separat ersponnen, zu einem Vlies abgelegt und gegebenenfalls, beispielsweise durch Vernadelung, vorverfestigt. Anschließend werden die Faserlagen miteinander verbunden.Advantageously, the process for producing the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is carried out as follows:
First, the individual fiber layers are spun separately, stored to a fleece and optionally pre-consolidated, for example by needling. Subsequently, the fiber layers are joined together.

Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Lagen B, welche wie oben dargelegt vorteilhafterweise im Inneren des Verbundvliesstoffs angeordnet werden, hat sich eine Vorverfestigung als zweckmäßig erwiesen, da hierdurch verhindert werden kann, dass Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente an die Oberfläche des Verbundvliesstoffs gelangen.In particular with regard to the layers B which, as stated above, are advantageously arranged inside the composite nonwoven fabric, preconsolidation has proved to be expedient since it can be prevented that fibers of the second fiber component reach the surface of the composite nonwoven fabric.

Die Verbindung der einzelnen Lagen kann durch bekannte Fügeverfahren, wie Nähen, Kleben, Laminieren, Kalandrieren und/oder Nadeln herbeigeführt werden.The connection of the individual layers can be brought about by known joining methods, such as sewing, gluing, laminating, calendering and / or needling.

Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Verbindung der einzelnen Lagen jedoch dadurch, dass nach ihrer Herstellung alternierend Lagen mit Fasern der ersten Faserkomponente und Lagen mit Fasern der zweiten Faserkomponente aufeinander angeordnet werden und anschließend direkt beispielsweise mittels mechanischer Verfestigung und/oder Hydrofluidbehandlung verfestigt und gleichzeitig miteinander verbunden werden.However, the connection of the individual layers is particularly preferably carried out by alternately arranging layers with fibers of the first fiber component and layers with fibers of the second fiber component after their production and subsequently solidifying them directly, for example by means of mechanical consolidation and / or hydrofluidic treatment, and simultaneously bonding them together.

Durch eine Hydrofluidbehandlung kann der Verbundvliesstoff von außen nach innen verfestigt, gegebenenfalls gesplittet und innig mit den innen liegenden gröberen Filamenten verflochten werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ermöglicht eine besonders wirksame Verwendung der Filamente mit geringem Filamenttiter, da die feinen Filamente sehr tief in den Vliesstoff transportiert werden und dort offensichtlich aufgrund ihrer Verschlingung zu einer besonders effektiven Stabilisierung des Verbunds führen "Tentakel-Effekt".By a hydrofluidic treatment, the composite nonwoven fabric can be solidified from the outside in, optionally split and intimately intertwined with the inner coarser filaments. This procedure allows a particularly effective use of the filaments with a low filament titer, since the fine filaments are transported very deeply into the nonwoven fabric and there evidently, owing to their entanglement, lead to a particularly effective stabilization of the composite "tentacle effect".

Die Verfestigung und Splittung der Faserlagen erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dadurch, dass der gegebenenfalls vorverfestigte Vliesstoffverbund mindestens einmal auf jeder Seite mit Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen beaufschlagt wird. Der erfindungsgemäße
Verbundvliesstoff kann dadurch die Optik einer textilen Oberfläche erhalten und der Splittungsgrad der Verbundfilamente auf mehr als 80 % eingestellt werden.The solidification and splitting of the fiber layers takes place according to the invention in that the optionally preconsolidated nonwoven composite is subjected at least once on each side with high-pressure water jets. The inventive
Composite nonwoven fabric can thereby obtain the appearance of a textile surface and the degree of splitting of the composite filaments can be set to more than 80%.

Denkbar ist auch, dass die Fasern der ersten und zweiten Faserkomponente einem einheitlichen Spinn- und/oder Ablegeprozess entstammen, gleichzeitig erzeugt und gemeinsam abgelegt werden. Hierzu können mindestens zwei Spinnstellen mit jeweils einheitlichen Spinndüsenöffnungen vorgesehen sein, die Verbundfilamente mit unterschiedlicher Elementar-Filament-Anzahl oder ein Gemisch aus Verbundfilamenten mit Monokomponentenfilamente in einer gemeinsamen Spinn- und Verstreckvorrichtung erzeugen. Diese Filamente können anschließend zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Verbundvliesstoff abgelegt, sowie durch Hydrofluidbehandlung verfestigt und in die Elementarfilamente aufgespalten werden.It is also conceivable that the fibers of the first and second fiber components originate from a uniform spinning and / or laying process, are generated simultaneously and stored together. For this purpose, at least two spinning stations each having uniform spinning nozzle openings can be provided, which produce composite filaments with different elementary filament numbers or a mixture of composite filaments with monocomponent filaments in a common spinning and drawing device. These filaments can then be deposited to the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention, and solidified by hydrofluidic treatment and split into the elementary filaments.

Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass die Herstellung von Spinnvliesstoffen mit unterschiedlichen Filament-Titern nicht separat erfolgen muss und keine nachträgliche Vereinigung notwendig ist, um zu einem Mehrkomponenten-Spinnvliesstoff zu gelangen, der aus unterschiedlichen Filamenten mit unterschiedlichen Filament-Titern besteht.Thus, the advantage is achieved that the production of spunbonded fabrics with different filament titer does not have to be done separately and no subsequent combination is necessary to arrive at a multi-component spunbonded nonwoven consisting of different filaments with different filament titers.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind mindestens drei, vorzugsweise mindestens 5, Reihen von Spinnköpfen mit jeweils einheitlichen Spinndüsenöffnungen vorgesehen, die Verbundfilamente mit unterschiedlicher Elementar-Filament-Anzahl oder ein Gemisch von Verbundfilamenten mit Monokomponenten-Filamenten in einer gemeinsamen Spinn- und Verstreckvorrichtung erzeugen. Alternativ kann auch mindestens eine Reihe mit entsprechend verschiedenen Spinndüsenöffnungen in einem Spinndüsenpaket (Vorhangspinnen) oder eine Vielzahl einzelner Spinndüsenpakete in einer so genannten traversierenden Ablage vorliegen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are provided at least three, preferably at least 5, rows of spinning heads each having unitary spinning orifices which produce composite filaments of differing elementary filament counts or a blend of composite filaments with monocomponent filaments in a common spinning and drawing apparatus. Alternatively, at least one row with correspondingly different spinning nozzle openings in a spinneret pack (curtain spinning) or a large number of individual spinneret packs can be present in a so-called traversing tray.

Diese können anschließend zu einem Vlies abgelegt, sowie durch Hydrofluidbehandlung verfestigt und in die Elementarfilamente aufgespalten werden. Der Hydrofluidverfestigung kann ein mechanisches oder thermisches Vorverfestigungsverfahren vorgeschaltet sein. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform können Verbundvliesstoffe erhalten werden, die aus Lagen mit einem unterschiedlichen Filament-Titer bestehen und die dadurch textilphysikalische Eigenschaften in sich vereinen, die sonst nur durch das Verbinden separat hergestellter Lagen erzielbar sind.These can then be laid down to form a nonwoven, and solidified by hydrofluidic treatment and split into the elementary filaments. The hydrofluidic consolidation may be preceded by a mechanical or thermal pre-consolidation process. According to this embodiment, composite nonwoven fabrics can be obtained, which consist of layers with a different filament titer and which thereby combine textile-physical properties that can otherwise be achieved only by joining separately produced layers.

Vorteilhafter Weise wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in der Weise weiter gebildet, dass die Reihenfolge der Spinnstellen in Bezug auf das Ablageband so gewählt wird, dass die oben beschriebenen Schichtstrukturen in einer Anordnung ABA, bzw. A(BA)nBA der Verbundlagen erhalten werden können.Advantageously, the inventive method is further formed in such a way that the order of the spinning stations with respect to the storage belt is selected so that the layer structures described above in an arrangement ABA, or A (BA) n BA of the composite layers can be obtained.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Reihenfolge der Spinnstellen im Bezug auf das Ablageband so gewählt, dass ein alternierender Titer der Filamente über die Dicke des Verbundvliesstoffs erzeugt wird.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the order of the spinning stations with respect to the depositing belt is selected so as to produce an alternating denier of the filaments across the thickness of the composite nonwoven web.

Wie oben erläutert können die Verbundfilamente um die Trennung in die Elementarfilamente zu erleichtern, eine mittige Öffnung, insbesondere in Form eines rohrförmigen länglichen Hohlraums aufweisen, welcher in Bezug auf die Mittelachse der Verbundfilamente zentriert sein kann. Durch diese Anordnung lassen sich der enge Kontakt zwischen den Elementarfilamenten, welche durch die Innenwinkel der Spalten bzw. Kreisausschnitte gebildet werden, vor Trennung der Elementarfilamente, sowie der Kontakt in diesem Bereich von verschiedenen aus demselben Polymerstoff hergestellten Elementarfilamenten, verringern bzw. vermeiden.As discussed above, to facilitate separation into the elementary filaments, the composite filaments may have a central opening, particularly in the form of a tubular elongated cavity, which may be centered with respect to the central axis of the composite filaments. By this arrangement, the close contact between the elementary filaments, which are formed by the inner angle of the gaps or circular cutouts, before separation of the elementary filaments, as well as the contact in this range of different elementary filaments made of the same polymer material, reduce or avoid.

Zur weiteren Verfestigung des Verbundvliesstoff-Gefüges können die Verbundfilamente eine latente oder spontane Kräuselung aufweisen, welche sich aus einem asymmetrischen Aufbau der Elementarfilamente in Bezug auf deren Längsmittelachse ergibt, wobei diese Kräuselung gegebenenfalls durch eine asymmetrische, geometrische Ausgestaltung des Querschnitts der Verbundfilamente aktiviert oder verstärkt wird. Hierdurch kann der Vliesstoff mit einer hohen Dicke, einem niedrigen Modul und/oder einer multiaxialen Elastizität ausgestattet werden.To further consolidate the composite nonwoven fabric, the composite filaments may have a latent or spontaneous crimp resulting from an asymmetric configuration of the elementary filaments with respect to their longitudinal center axis, which crimp is optionally activated or reinforced by an asymmetric geometric configuration of the cross section of the composite filaments , As a result, the nonwoven fabric can be provided with a high thickness, a low modulus and / or a multi-axial elasticity.

In einer Variante können die Verbundfilamente eine latente oder spontane Kräuselung aufweisen, welche auf eine Differenzierung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der die Elementarfilamente bildenden Polymerstoffe bei den die Verbundfilamente betreffenden Spinn-, Kühlungs- und/oder Streckungsvorgängen zurückzuführen ist, die zu Verdrehungen führt, welche durch interne unsymmetrische Belastungen in Bezug auf die Längsmittelachse der Verbundfilamente verursacht werden, wobei die Kräuselung gegebenenfalls durch eine asymmetrische, geometrische Ausgestaltung des Querschnitts der Verbundfilamente aktiviert oder verstärkt wird.In one variant, the composite filaments may have a latent or spontaneous curl due to a differentiation of the physical properties of the polymer filaments forming the elementary filaments in the spinning, cooling and / or stretching operations involving the composite filaments, resulting in distortions caused by internal stresses asymmetric loads are caused with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the composite filaments, wherein the crimping is optionally activated or reinforced by an asymmetric, geometric configuration of the cross section of the composite filaments.

Die Verbundfilamente können eine latente Kräuselung aufweisen, welche durch eine thermische, mechanische oder chemische Behandlung vor Bildung des Verbundvliesstoffes aktiviert wird.The composite filaments may have a latent crimp which is activated by thermal, mechanical or chemical treatment prior to forming the composite nonwoven fabric.

Die Kräuselung kann durch eine zusätzliche Behandlung vor Verfestigung des Vliesstoffs beispielsweise thermisch oder chemisch verstärkt werden. Die Verfestigung des erfindungsgemäßen Vlieses findet vorzugsweise durch Behandlung mit Hochdruck-Fluidstrahlen statt. So können die Elementarfilamente während oder nach der Teilung der Verbundfilamente mit einem mechanischen, überwiegend senkrecht zur Stoffebene wirkenden Mittel (Vernadelung, flüssige Druckstrahlen) stark verwickelt werden.The crimp can be reinforced, for example, thermally or chemically by additional treatment before solidification of the nonwoven fabric. The solidification of the nonwoven according to the invention preferably takes place by treatment with high-pressure fluid jets. Thus, during or after the division of the composite filaments, the elementary filaments can be strongly entangled with a mechanical means (needling, liquid pressure jets) acting predominantly perpendicular to the material plane.

Die Filamente, insbesondere die Verbundfilamente, können beispielsweise durch mechanische und/oder pneumatische Ablenkung abgelegt werden, wobei mindestens zwei von diesen Ablenkungsarten kombiniert werden können, sowie durch Schleudern auf ein Endlos-Laufband und mechanisch durch Vernadelung oder durch die Wirkung von flüssigen Druckstrahlen, welche mit festen (Mikro) Partikeln beaufschlagt sein können. Die Schritte der Verwickelung und Trennung der Verbundfilamente in Elementarfilamente können in ein und demselben Verfahrensschritt und mit ein und derselben Vorrichtung erfolgen, wobei die mehr oder weniger vollständige Trennung der Elementarfilamente mit einem zusätzlichen, mehr auf die Trennung gerichteten, Vorgang enden kann.The filaments, in particular the composite filaments, can be deposited, for example by mechanical and / or pneumatic deflection, wherein at least two of these types of deflection can be combined, as well as by spinning on an endless treadmill and mechanically by needling or by the action of liquid pressure jets can be acted upon with solid (micro) particles. The steps of entanglement and separation of the composite filaments into elementary filaments can be carried out in one and the same process step and with one and the same device, wherein the more or less complete separation of the elementary filaments can end with an additional, more directed to the separation, process.

Die Festigkeit und der mechanische Widerstand des Verbundvliesstoffs können ferner deutlich erhöht werden, wenn vorgesehen ist, dass die Elementarfilamente untereinander durch eine Thermofusion gebunden werden, welche eines oder mehrere von ihnen betrifft, vorzugsweise durch Warmkalandrierung mit geheizten, glatten oder gravierten Walzen, durch Durchziehen durch einen Heißluft-Tunnelofen, durch Durchziehen auf eine von heißer Luft durchströmte Trommel und/oder durch Auftragen eines in einer Dispersion oder in einer Lösung enthaltenen oder pulverförmigen Bindemittels.The strength and the mechanical resistance of the composite nonwoven fabric can be further increased significantly if it is provided that the elementary filaments are bonded to each other by a thermofusion, which relates to one or more of them, preferably by hot calendering with heated, smooth or engraved rolls, by pulling through a hot-air tunnel kiln, by pulling on a through-flow of hot air drum and / or by applying a binder contained in a dispersion or in a solution or powdered.

In einer Variante kann eine Verfestigung des Vlieses ebenfalls beispielsweise durch Warmkalandrierung vor jeglicher Trennung der einheitlichen Verbundfilamente in Elementarfilamente erfolgen, wobei die Trennung nach der Vliesverfestigung erfolgt.In one variant, solidification of the nonwoven fabric may also be effected, for example, by hot calendering prior to any separation of the unitary composite filaments into elementary filaments, the separation occurring after nonwoven bonding.

Ferner kann das Vliesgefüge auch durch eine chemische Behandlung (wie sie beispielsweise in der französischen Patentschrift Nr. 2 546 536 der Anmelderin beschrieben ist) oder durch eine thermische Behandlung verfestigt werden, welche zu einer kontrollierten Schrumpfung, zumindest eines Teils der Elementarfilamente, nach deren gegebenenfalls erfolgter Trennung führt. Daraus ergibt sich eine Schrumpfung des Stoffs in Breit- und/oder in Längsrichtung.Furthermore, the nonwoven structure may also be obtained by a chemical treatment (as described, for example, in French Pat. 2 546 536 the applicant is described) or solidified by a thermal treatment, which leads to a controlled shrinkage, at least a portion of the elementary filaments, after their separation if necessary. This results in a shrinkage of the fabric in the width and / or longitudinal direction.

Des Weiteren kann der Verbundvliesstoff nach Verfestigung einer Bindung oder Veredelung chemischer Art unterzogen werden, wie beispielsweise einer Anti-Pilling-Behandlung, einer Hydrophilisierung oder Hydrophobisierung, einer antistatischen Behandlung, einer Behandlung zur Verbesserung der Feuerfestigkeit und/oder zur Veränderung der taktilen Eigenschaften oder des Glanzes, einer Behandlung mechanischer Art wie Aufrauen, Sanforisieren, Schmirgeln oder einer Behandlung im Tumbler und/oder einer Behandlung zur Veränderung des Aussehens wie Färben oder Bedrucken.Further, the composite nonwoven fabric may be subjected to chemical type bonding such as anti-pilling treatment, hydrophilization or hydrophobization, antistatic treatment, refractory treatment treatment and / or tactile property modification or solidification after solidification of bonding or finishing Gloss, a mechanical treatment such as roughening, sanforizing, sanding or a tumbler treatment and / or a change of appearance treatment such as dyeing or printing.

Praktische Versuche haben ergeben, dass ein Verbundvliesstoff mit einer besonders homogenen Struktur erhalten werden kann, wenn das Vlies durch Beaufschlagung mit Temperatur und/oder Druck, vorzugsweise durch Kalandrieren bei einer Temperatur von 160 bis 220 °C, vorzugsweise 180-200 C und/oder einem Liniendruck von 20 bis 80 N/mm vorverfestigt wird.Practical experiments have shown that a composite nonwoven fabric with a particularly homogeneous structure can be obtained when the web by exposure to temperature and / or pressure, preferably by calendering at a temperature of 160 to 220 ° C, preferably 180-200 C and / or a line pressure of 20 to 80 N / mm is pre-consolidated.

Vorteilhafterweise wird der erfindungsgemäße Verbundvliesstoff zur Erhöhung seiner Abriebbeständigkeit noch einer Punktkalandierung unterzogen. Dazu wird der gesplittete und verfestigte Verbundvliesstoff durch beheizte Walzen geführt, von denen mindestens eine Walze Erhebungen aufweist, die zu einem punktuellen Verschmelzen der Filamente untereinander führen. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Verbundfilamente durch Spinnfärben eingefärbt.Advantageously, the composite nonwoven fabric according to the invention is subjected to a point calendering to increase its abrasion resistance. For this purpose, the split and solidified composite nonwoven fabric is passed through heated rollers, of which at least one roller has elevations, which lead to a pointy fusion of the filaments with each other. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite filaments are dyed by spin dyeing.

Aufgrund seines guten Wasseraufnahmevermögens (Absorptionsvermögen) in Kombination mit seiner hervorragenden Waschhaltbarkeit eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Reinigungstuch hervorragend für die Reinigung der verschiedensten Flächen. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden dabei bei der Reinigung von glatten Flächen erzielt.Due to its good water absorption capacity (absorption capacity) in combination with its excellent washability, this is suitable Cleaning cloth according to the invention excellent for cleaning a variety of surfaces. Particularly good results are achieved when cleaning smooth surfaces.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Beispiele näher erläutert.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several examples.

Beispiel 1 bis 12: Herstellung verschiedener VliesstoffeExamples 1 to 12: Production of various nonwovens

Es werden PIE 8, 16, 32-Lagen mit Flächengewichten (FG) von etwa 22g/m2 und 43g/m2 erstellt, die wie folgt zusammengesetzt werden. Tab. 2 Lagen-Komposition 8 = 8Pie, Ziel-FG 16 = 16Pie, No. [g/m2] 32 = 32Pie) (01) 130 16 (02) 130 8 (03) 130 32 (04) 130 16-8-32 (05) 130 32-8-16 (06) 130 32-8-32 (07) 130 32-8-8-8-32 (08) 130 32-16-16-16-32 (09) 130 32-16-8-16-32 (10) 130 8-32-32-32-8 (11) 1 x 43 (129) 1 x 32 (12) 1 x 22 (110) 1 x 32 PIE 8, 16, 32 plies with basis weights (FG) of about 22 g / m 2 and 43 g / m 2 are prepared, which are assembled as follows. Tab. 2 Layer composition 8 = 8Pie, Target FG 16 = 16Pie, No. [g / m 2 ] 32 = 32Pie) (01) 130 16 (02) 130 8th (03) 130 32 (04) 130 16-8-32 (05) 130 32-8-16 (06) 130 32-8-32 (07) 130 32-8-8-8-32 (08) 130 32-16-16-16-32 (09) 130 32-16-8-16-32 (10) 130 8-32-32-32-8 (11) 1 x 43 (129) 1 x 32 (12) 1 x 22 (110) 1 x 32

Dabei werden Verbundvliesstoffe 6-9 und mit den Vliesstoffen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12 Referenzvliesstoffe erhalten.This composite nonwoven fabrics are 6-9 and with the nonwovens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12 reference nonwoven fabrics obtained.

Zur Herstellung der Vliesstoffe werden in einem ersten Schritt Vliesstofflagen aus PIE 16, PIE 8 und PIE 32 segmentierten Bikomponenten-Filamenten hergestellt.To produce the nonwovens, nonwoven fabric layers of PIE 16, PIE 8 and PIE 32 segmented bicomponent filaments are produced in a first step.

Im Folgenden wird exemplarisch die Herstellung von PIE 32 in einer Bikomponenten-Spinnvlies-Anlage beschrieben.The production of PIE 32 in a bicomponent spunbond system is described below by way of example.

Es werden folgende Rohstoffe eingesetzt: Granulat Anteile PES PET INVISTA 50 Poly-Amid PA6 BASF 50 Hydrophil (PET) CLARIANT 0,05 in PET TiO2 CLARIANT Renol weiss 0,05 in PET Antistatikum (PA6) CLARIANT Hostastat 0,05 in PA6 The following raw materials are used: granules shares PES PET INVISTA 50 Polyamide PA6 BASF 50 Hydrophilic (PET) CLARIANT 0.05 in PET TiO2 CLARIANT Renol knows 0.05 in PET Antistatic agent (PA6) CLARIANT Hostastat 0.05 in PA6

Extruder:extruder:

PET, Zonen 1 - 7: 270-295 °C
PA6, Zonen 1 - 7: 260-275 °CPET, zones 1 - 7: 270-295 ° C
PA6, zones 1 - 7: 260-275 ° C

Spinnpumpen:Spinning pumps:

Volumen, Drehzahl, Durchsatz, PET:Volume, speed, throughput, PET: 20cm3/U,20cm3 / U, 9,1 U/min,9.1 rpm, 0,35 g/L/min0.35 g / L / min Volumen, Drehzahl, Durchsatz, PA6:Volume, speed, throughput, PA6: 6cm3/U,6cm3 / U, 34,7U/min,34,7U / min, 0,35 g/L/min0.35 g / L / min Gesamtdurchsatz:Total throughput: 0,7g/L/min0.7 g / L / min

Düsen:jets:

Art,way PIE 32,PIE 32,

Pneumatische Vertreckung:Pneumatic drafting:

Legung;
auf ein Ablageband, mit einer eingestellten Geschwindigkeit,
die ein Vlies-Flächengewicht von 22 bzw. 43 g/m2 ergibt.interpretation;
on a storage belt, with a set speed,
which gives a nonwoven basis weight of 22 and 43 g / m 2 .

Vorverfestigung via Kalander, Stahlwalzen glatt/glatt:Pre-consolidation via calender, steel rollers smooth / smooth:

Die Struktur der erhaltenen PIE 32 segmentierten Bikomponenten-Filamente ist in Figur 1 illustriert.The structure of the obtained PIE 32 segmented bicomponent filaments is in FIG. 1 illustrated.

Zur Herstellung der Verbundvliese werden die Lagen in der gewünschten Reihenfolge aufeinander angeordnet. Anschließend wird die Splittung und Verfilzung der Einzel-Lagen zu einem Multifilamentverbundvliesstoff mittels Wasserstrahlverfestigung durchgeführt.To produce the composite nonwovens, the layers are arranged in the desired order on each other. Subsequently, the splitting and felting of the individual layers is carried out to a multifilament composite nonwoven fabric by means of hydroentanglement.

Da bei allen Komposite-Variationen das gleiche Zielgewicht anvisiert wird (ca. 130g/m2), wird eine feste Versuchsvorschrift zur Wasserstrahlverfestigung für alle Varianten gewählt, unabhängig davon ob es sich um 5x22g/m2 oder 3x43g/m2, PIE 8, 16, oder 32 handelt.Since the same target weight is targeted for all composite variations (about 130 g / m 2 ), a fixed test procedure for hydroentanglement is selected for all variants, regardless of whether it is 5 × 22 g / m 2 or 3 × 43 g / m 2 , PIE 8, 16, or 32 is.

Die Wasserstrahlbedingungen werden wie folgt eingestellt: Druck (bar) Absaugung (mbar) Vorverfestigung: 0,4 -728 Düsenbalken 2: 2,8 -74 Düsenbalken 3: 230 -206 Düsenbalken 4: 0,1 -206 Düsenbalken 5: 230 -871 The water jet conditions are set as follows: Pressure (bar) Suction (mbar) pre-consolidation: 0.4 -728 Nozzle bar 2: 2.8 -74 Nozzle bar 3: 230 -206 Nozzle bar 4: 0.1 -206 Nozzle bar 5: 230 -871

Düsenbalken 3 und 5 liegen sich gegenüber. Düsenstreifenlochdurchmesser: 130µm Ablageband: 100 mesh Materialtransport: 12 m/min Nozzle bars 3 and 5 face each other. Jetstrips hole diameter: 130μm Shelf band: 100 mesh Materials Handling: 12 m / min

Wiederholung der Passage: 2x (d.h. gesamt 3 Passagen)Repeat of the passage: 2x (i.e., total of 3 passages)

Die Trocknungsbedingungen werden wie folgt eingestellt:
Es erfolgt eine Trocknung in einem Durchlufttrockner von etwa 4m Länge bei einer Lufttemperatur von 190°C und einer Bandgeschwindigkeit 12m/min.The drying conditions are set as follows:
There is a drying in a through-air dryer of about 4m length at an air temperature of 190 ° C and a belt speed 12m / min.

Bei der Wasserstrahlverfestigung findet eine nahezu vollständige Splittung der Bikomponenten-Filamente in die jeweiligen Elementarfilamente statt. Gleichzeitig werden die feinen PIE- 32 Elementarfilamente der äußeren Lagen tief in den Vliesstoff transportiert und verschlingen sich sowohl untereinander als auch mit den dickeren PIE- 8 oder PIE- 16 Elementarfilamenten (Tentakeleffekt), was überraschenderweise zu einer besonders hohen Haltbarkeit der Verbundvliesstoffe 6, 7, 8, 9 führt. Zusätzlich zeigen die Vliesstoffe 6-9 aufgrund der äußeren Lage aus sehr feinen PIE- 32 Elementarfilamenten hervorragende Gebrauchseigenschaften, wie einen guten thermophysiologischen Komfort, eine angenehme Hautsensorik und Optik. Aufgrund der inneren Lage aus dickeren Filementen bietet er ferner eine hervorragende Wasseraufnahmekapazität und Weitereissfestigkeit.In hydroentanglement, almost complete splitting of the bicomponent filaments into the respective elementary filaments takes place. At the same time, the fine PIE elementary filaments of the outer layers are transported deep into the nonwoven fabric and engulf each other as well as with the thicker PIE or PIE elementary filaments (tentacle effect), which surprisingly leads to a particularly high durability of the composite nonwovens 6, 7 , 8, 9 leads. In addition, due to the outer layer of very fine PIE-32 elementary filaments, nonwovens 6-9 show excellent performance properties, such as good thermophysiological comfort, a pleasant skin sensor and optics. Due to the inner layer of thicker filaments, it also provides excellent water absorption capacity and tear resistance.

Beispiel 13: Prüfung verschiedener Parameter der VliesstoffeExample 13: Testing of various parameters of the nonwovens

Den Prüfungen liegen folgende Normen zu Grunde: FG Flächengewicht (g/m2) EN 965 Dicke (mm) EN 964-1 HZK Höchstzugkraft (N/5cm) EN 13934-1 Dehnung bei HZK (%) EN 13934-1 Modul (N) EN-13934-1 Porosität (µm) ISO 2942/DIN 58355-2 WRK Weiterreißkraft (N) EN 13937-2 Abrieb (Martindale, 9KPa) EN 12947 Luftdurchlässigkeit (l/m2/s) EN 9237 Pilling (Note) DIN 53867 (angelehnt an) Wasseraufnahme (%) angelehnt an DIN 53923 Industrie-Wäsche (hier 75°C) in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 155797 (Zyklen bis Loch) The tests are based on the following standards: FG Basis weight (g / m 2 ) EN 965 Thickness (mm) EN 964-1 HZK Maximum tensile strength (N / 5cm) EN 13934-1 Elongation at HZK (%) EN 13934-1 Module (N) EN-13934-1 Porosity (μm) ISO 2942 / DIN 58355-2 WRK Tearing force (N) EN 13937-2 Abrasion (Martindale, 9KPa) EN 12947 Air permeability (l / m 2 / s) EN 9237 Pilling DIN 53867 (based on) Water absorption (%) based on DIN 53923 Industrial laundry (here 75 ° C) based on DIN EN ISO 155797 (cycles to hole)

Die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen sind in den folgenden Tabellen dargestellt:The results of the tests are shown in the following tables:

Textil-Physikalische AuswertungTextile Physical Evaluation

Tab. 3:Tab. 3: N°N ° 11 22 33 44 55 6*6 * 7*7 * 8*8th* 9*9 * 1010 1111 1212 FG sollFG should (g/m2)(g / m 2 ) 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 130130 Type de PIEType de PIE 1616 88th 3232 16-8-3216-8-32 32-8-1632-8-16 32-8-3232-8-32 32-8-8-8-3232-8-8-8-32 32/16/16/ 16/3232/16/16 / 16/32 32/16/8/16/ 3232/16/8/16/32 8/32/32/ 32/88/32/32 / 32/8 32/32/3232/32/32 32/32/3 2/32/3232/32/3 2/32/32 FG gemessenFG measured (g/m2)(g / m 2 ) 151151 149149 128128 136136 142142 139139 118118 119119 119119 129129 3939 2727 Dickethickness ( mm )(mm) 0,580.58 0,630.63 0,50.5 0,550.55 0,570.57 0,550.55 0,520.52 0,480.48 0,490.49 0,490.49 0,230.23 0,160.16 Dynamometrie à 20°C à 400mm/mnDynamometry à 20 ° C à 400mm / mn HZKHZK längsalong (N/5cm)(N / 5cm) 502502 503503 344344 364364 346346 383383 320320 325325 309309 336336 5656 48,548.5 quercrosswise (N)(N) 303303 335335 217217 249249 244244 178178 277277 264264 290290 171171 6262 1919 Isotropieisotropy 1,661.66 1,501.50 1,591.59 1,461.46 1,421.42 2,152.15 1,811.81 1,981.98 1,631.63 1,961.96 0,900.90 2,552.55 Dehnung sbruchElongation break längsalong (%)(%) 6565 65,565.5 5858 5555 4848 6060 5353 5353 54,554.5 5656 2727 2929 quercrosswise (%)(%) 89,589.5 9393 78,578.5 8585 83,583.5 7373 69,569.5 7171 7777 7777 5454 56,556.5 Modul 3 %Module 3% längsalong (N)(N) 9898 7575 8888 7777 7474 8787 7474 7373 7474 7373 1818 1616 quercrosswise (N)(N) 1818 1212 2020 1414 1313 1313 1414 1212 1414 1111 66 0,80.8 Modul 5 %Module 5% längsalong (N)(N) 128128 104104 108108 101101 9999 110110 9494 9595 9292 9696 2424 2121 quercrosswise (N)(N) 2626 1919 2828 2020 1919 1818 2020 1717 2020 1515 8,28.2 1,11.1 Modul 15 %Module 15% längsalong (N)(N) 291291 193193 165165 169169 171171 176176 154154 156156 148148 158158 4141 3535 quercrosswise (N)(N) 5757 5252 5656 4646 4444 4141 4343 3737 4141 3535 1818 2,92.9 Modul 40%Module 40% längsalong (N)(N) 376376 366366 280280 301301 311311 303303 271271 274274 257257 275275 -- -- quercrosswise (N)(N) 135135 144144 118118 114114 114114 9797 102102 8989 9797 8585 4646 1212 Mittlere PorositätAverage porosity (µm)(Microns) -- -- 6,4 / 6,76.4 / 6.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Maximal e PoreMaximum e pore (µm)(Microns) -- -- 16,9/15,116.9 / 15.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- WRKWRK SLSL (N)(N) 14,914.9 12,712.7 5,25.2 7,97.9 8,58.5 13,013.0 11,911.9 7,17.1 7,97.9 6,86.8 2,42.4 NAN / A vor Waschenbefore washing STST (N)(N) 13,613.6 18,418.4 9,29.2 13,513.5 13,713.7 15,115.1 14,114.1 11,611.6 11,811.8 12,912.9 3,63.6 NAN / A Martinda le 9KPaMartinda le 9KPa Lochbildungholing 1200012000 1800018000 6000060000 1000010000 2000020000 4000040000 3000030000 5500055000 3500035000 2000020000 700700 500500 Delamina tionDelamina tion (N/5cm)(N / 5cm) NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A 26,326.3 27,927.9 NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A NAN / A Luftdurchlässigkeit 100PaAir permeability 100Pa (l/m2/s)(l / m 2 / s) -- -- 31,931.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Pillingpilling rechtsright 4,54.5 11 4,54.5 44 3,53.5 4,54.5 44 4,54.5 55 33 4,54.5 55 Kochwäsche (95°C)Cooking linen (95 ° C) 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88th 99 1010 1111 1212 Wasch-SchrumpfWashing shrink längsalong (%)(%) -2,2-2.2 -1,7-1.7 -2-2 -2,3-2.3 -2,2-2.2 -3-3 -1,2-1.2 -1,8-1.8 -1,6-1.6 -2,5-2.5 -2,8-2.8 -3-3 quercrosswise (%)(%) -0,8-0.8 -0,8-0.8 -0,3-0.3 -0,5-0.5 -0,2-0.2 -0,2-0.2 -0,8-0.8 -0,4-0.4 -0,4-0.4 -0,5-0.5 -1,5-1.5 0,40.4 WRKWRK längsalong (N)(N) 13,613.6 18,518.5 5,65.6 6,86.8 6,56.5 6,56.5 5,85.8 3,93.9 4,84.8 7,27.2 2,42.4 NAN / A nach Waschenafter washing quercrosswise (N)(N) 1616 19,419.4 9,59.5 10,410.4 11,911.9 11,711.7 1010 7,57.5 11,511.5 1212 4,14.1 NAN / A

Bei Analyse der Ergebnisse aus Tab. 3 wird zuerst gefunden, dass bei allen Probanden bestehend aus PIE-32 ganz oder außen liegend besonders hohe Waschresistenzen zu verzeichnen sind. Dies ist überraschend, da nicht zu erwarten war, dass die feinen Filamente gute mechanische Festigkeit zeigen. Die Tücher, die vollständig aus PIE-32 bestehen, sind jedoch nur eingeschränkt gebrauchstüchtig, da sie unter anderem viel zu niedrige Weiterreisresistenzen aufweisen. Im Unterschied dazu zeichnen sich die Verbundvliesstoffe 6-9 sowohl durch zufrieden stellende Weiterreiss- und Höchstzugkräfte als auch durch gute Waschresistenzen aus. Ferner kann der Tabelle entnommen werden, dass überraschenderweise bei den Referenzmustern die Abrasionsresistenz überproportional steigt mit feiner werdendem TiterWhen analyzing the results from Table 3, it is first found that all subjects consisting of PIE-32, either completely or externally, have particularly high resistance to washing. This is surprising, since it was not to be expected that the fine filaments show good mechanical strength. However, the wipes, which consist entirely of PIE-32, are of limited use, since they have far too low resistance to travel, among other things. In contrast, composite nonwovens 6-9 are characterized by satisfactory tear and maximum tensile strength as well as good wash resistance. Furthermore, it can be seen from the table that, surprisingly, in the case of the reference samples, the abrasion resistance increases disproportionately with finer titers

Beispiel 14: Prüfung der Reinigungseigenschaften der VliesstoffeExample 14: Testing of the cleaning properties of the nonwovens

Die Vliesstoffe wurden im Hinblick auf ihre Wasseraufnahme und Wassergabe getestet. Außerdem wurden Sie dem Wachskreidetest unterzogen. Reinigungseigenschaften, Wasserhaushalt Eigenschaft Einheit N° 1 N° 2 N° 3 N° 4 N° 5 N° 6 N° 7 N° 8 N° 9 N° 10 Wasseraufnahme Gew. % 451 360 337 350 359 342 372 358 364 367 Wasserabgabe 1 x Wringen Gew. % 71 87 62 73 100 67 71 63 76 65 Wachskreide Test Wischzyklen 22 25 25 29 23 27 32 30 34 17 The nonwovens were tested for their water absorption and watering. In addition, you were subjected to the wax crayon test. <b> Cleaning properties, water balance </ b> property unit N ° 1 N ° 2 N ° 3 N ° 4 N ° 5 N ° 6 N ° 7 N ° 8 N ° 9 N ° 10 water absorption % By weight 451 360 337 350 359 342 372 358 364 367 Water delivery 1 x wrestling % By weight 71 87 62 73 100 67 71 63 76 65 Wax chalk test wiping cycles 22 25 25 29 23 27 32 30 34 17

Beispiel 15: Prüfung der Dauerwaschergebnisse der Vliesstoffe:Example 15: Examination of the duration washing results of the nonwovens:

Die Prüflinge wurden automatisch hintereinander weg gewaschen, nach je 50 Wäschen unterbrochen zur Beurteilung, und solange gewaschen, bis eine Lochbildung zu erkennen war. Dann wurde das Waschen abgebrochen: Prüfling Zyklen bis Lochbildung N° 1 400 N° 2 250 N° 3 800 N° 4 400 N° 5 450 N° 6 500 N° 7 500 N° 8 600 N° 9 550 N° 10 350 The specimens were automatically washed away one after the other, after every 50 washes interrupted for evaluation, and washed until a hole was visible. Then the washing was stopped: examinee Cycles to hole formation N ° 1 400 N ° 2 250 N ° 3 800 N ° 4 400 N ° 5 450 N ° 6 500 N ° 7 500 N ° 8 600 N ° 9 550 N ° 10 350

Beispiel 16: Visuelle Untersuchung der VliesstoffeExample 16: Visual inspection of the nonwovens

In den Figuren 2 bis 6 werden Fotografien der Oberflächen beispielhafter Vliesstoffe gezeigt.In the FIGS. 2 to 6 Photographs of the surfaces of exemplary nonwovens are shown.

In Figur 2 wird die Oberflächenstruktur des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffs Nr. 2 nach 250 Waschzyklen dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Oberfläche sehr rau ist und eine hohe Pillingnote aufweist.In FIG. 2 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 2 is shown after 250 washing cycles. It turns out that the surface is very rough and has a high pilling grade.

In Figur 3 wird die Oberflächenstruktur des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffs Nr. 1 nach 250 Waschzyklen dargestellt. Die Oberfläche hat zwar ein verbessertes Erscheinungsbild verglichen mit Vliesstoff Nr. 2 ist aber immer noch rau und weist eine hohe Pillingnote auf.In FIG. 3 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 1 is shown after 250 washing cycles. The surface does have one improved appearance compared to nonwoven fabric No. 2 is still rough and has a high pilling grade.

In Figur 4 wird die Oberflächenstruktur des nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffs Nr. 3 nach 250 Waschzyklen dargestellt. Die Oberfläche hat ein wesentlich verbessertes Erscheinungsbild verglichen mit Vliesstoff Nr. 2. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, ist der vollständig aus PIE-32 bestehende Vliesstoff jedoch nur eingeschränkt gebrauchstüchtig, da er unter anderem eine viel zu niedrige Weiterreisresistenz aufweist.In FIG. 4 the surface structure of the non-woven fabric according to the invention No. 3 is shown after 250 washing cycles. The surface has a much improved appearance compared to nonwoven fabric no. 2. As already mentioned above, the nonwoven fabric consisting entirely of PIE-32 is, however, of limited use because it has, among other things, a far too low resistance to traveling.

In Figur 5 werden die Oberflächenstrukturen des Vliesstoffs Nr. 7 nach 500 Waschzyklen mit den nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vliesstoffen 1 (nach 650 Waschzyklen) und 3 (nach 800 Waschzyklen) verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Oberfläche des Vliesstoffs Nr. 7 ein ähnlich gutes Erscheinungsbild wie der nur aus PIE-32 bestehende Vliesstoff Nr. 3 hat. Darüber hinaus zeichnet er sich durch hervorragende Gebrauchseigenschaften, wie beispielsweise ein gutes Wassermanagement, eine hohe weiter Reißkraft, eine gute Pilingnote und gute Reinigungseigenschaften aus. Im Vergleich dazu weist der nicht erfindungsgemäße Vliesstoff 1 eine starke Lochbildung auf.In FIG. 5 The surface structures of the nonwoven fabric no. 7 are compared after 500 washing cycles with non-inventive nonwovens 1 (after 650 washing cycles) and 3 (after 800 washing cycles). It turns out that the surface of the nonwoven fabric No. 7 has a similar good appearance as the nonwoven fabric No. 3 consisting only of PIE-32. In addition, it is characterized by excellent performance characteristics, such as a good water management, a high tear strength, a good piling and good cleaning properties. In comparison, the nonwoven fabric 1 according to the invention has a strong hole formation.

In Figur 6 wird ein Querschnitt des Vliesstoffs Nr. 7 dargestellt. Man erkennt deutlich den so genannten "Tentakeleffekt", bei dem die feinen PIE-32 Elemente durch die Wasserstrahlverfestigung tief in die Lagen aus gröberen Filamente hineingetragen wurden.In FIG. 6 a cross section of the nonwoven fabric no. 7 is shown. One clearly recognizes the so-called "tentacle effect", in which the fine PIE-32 elements were carried deep into the layers of coarser filaments by hydroentanglement.

Claims (14)

  1. Cleaning cloth having sustained launderability in relation to industrial hot washing cycles, determined in line with DIN EN ISO 155797, as shown in the examples, comprising a microfiber composite nonwoven in which a first and a second fibrous component are arranged in the form of alternating plies, wherein
    - at least one first ply A comprises the first fibrous component in the form of melt-spun composite filaments laid down to form a web, some or all of which have been split into elemental filaments having an average linear density of less than 0.1 dtex, preferably between 0.03 dtex and 0.06 dtex, and consolidated,
    - at least one ply B is arranged on the first ply A, wherein the ply B comprises the second fibrous component in the form of staple fibers having an average linear density of 0.1 to 3 dtex and a length of 20 mm to 60 mm which have been laid down to form a web and consolidated,
    - at least one second ply A is arranged on the ply B characterized in that the nonwoven composite was impinged at least once on each side with high pressure water jets such that the fiberplies were consolidated and split.
  2. Cleaning cloth according to Claim 1, characterized by a layered construction A(BA)nBA where n = 1 to 20.
  3. Cleaning cloth according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composite filaments of the first and/or second fibrous components have a cross section of orange-type or pie multisegmented structure.
  4. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pie arrangement of the fibers of the first fibrous component includes 24, 32, 48 or 64 segments.
  5. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite filaments comprise different filaments comprising two or more incompatible thermoplastic polymers.
  6. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second fibrous component comprises composite filaments preferably consisting of 2, 4, 8, 16 elemental filaments and more preferably consisting of 8 elemental filaments.
  7. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the average filament linear density of the filaments of the second fibrous component to the average filament linear density of the first fibrous component is in the range from 10 to 30.
  8. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the filaments of the first fibrous component is 20-60 wt%, preferably 30-50 wt% and especially 35-45 wt%, all based on the overall weight of the nonwoven.
  9. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the filaments of the second fibrous component is 40-80 wt%, preferably 50-70 wt%, all based on the overall weight of the nonwoven.
  10. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite nonwoven includes a surface formed by the elemental filaments of the first fibrous component.
  11. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a ply sequence A(BA)nBA where n = 1 to 15, wherein the plies A comprise at least partially split pie 32 filaments and the plies B comprise at least partially split pie 8 filaments and wherein the linear density of the elemental filaments of the pie 32 filaments is less than 0.1 dtex and the linear density of the elemental filaments of the pie 8 filaments is 0.1-3 dtex.
  12. Cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a symmetrical layered construction.
  13. Method of forming a cleaning cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, said method comprising the following steps:
    - two or more fiberplies A comprising filaments of the first fibrous component and one or more than one fiberply B comprising filaments of the second fibrous component are separately spun, laid down to form a web and optionally, by needling for example, preconsolidated;
    - the fiberplies A and B are alternatingly arranged on top of each other, subject to the proviso that the outer plies are formed by the fiberplies A;
    - the ply assembly is subsequently subjected to a hydrofluid treatment with high pressure water jets to split the first and optionally also the second fibrous component and to consolidate the plies A and B both within and between,
    - producing the ply assembly to form the cleaning cloth.
  14. Use of a cleaning cloth according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12 for cleaning smooth surfaces.
EP15702647.7A 2014-02-21 2015-01-15 Cleaning cloth Active EP3108052B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014002231.5A DE102014002231B4 (en) 2014-02-21 2014-02-21 Cleaning cloth, process for making a cleaning cloth and its use
PCT/EP2015/050660 WO2015124335A1 (en) 2014-02-21 2015-01-15 Cleaning cloth

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3108052A1 EP3108052A1 (en) 2016-12-28
EP3108052B1 true EP3108052B1 (en) 2019-08-21

Family

ID=52450054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15702647.7A Active EP3108052B1 (en) 2014-02-21 2015-01-15 Cleaning cloth

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US10406565B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3108052B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6692750B2 (en)
CN (1) CN106029966A (en)
CA (1) CA2940019C (en)
DE (1) DE102014002231B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2754175T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2655203C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2015124335A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015010966A1 (en) * 2015-08-26 2017-03-02 Carl Freudenberg Kg cleaning cloth
CN106436025B (en) * 2016-07-15 2019-03-15 厦门和洁无纺布制品有限公司 A kind of non-woven fabric coiled material with printed patterns
CN106676736B (en) * 2017-01-20 2019-04-05 常熟市佳润织造有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method and product with nano-anti static antibacterial functions wiper
DE102017003028A1 (en) * 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 Delu Ako Minky GmbH Cleaning cloth with finish
CN112004965B (en) * 2018-04-20 2023-02-28 应用材料公司 Cleaning member and method in electroplating system
CN113026213B (en) * 2021-03-02 2022-08-02 佛山市南海中邦无纺有限公司 Gradient fiber non-woven fabric and spinning equipment and manufacturing method thereof
RU210568U1 (en) * 2021-09-03 2022-04-21 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Завод Невохим» CLEANING CLOTH

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58169557A (en) 1982-03-31 1983-10-06 東レ株式会社 Interlaced nonwoven fabric and production thereof
FR2546536B1 (en) 1983-05-25 1985-08-16 Rhone Poulenc Fibres PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NONWOVEN TABLECLOTHS AND PRODUCT OBTAINED
JP2900045B2 (en) * 1989-11-04 1999-06-02 日本バイリーン株式会社 Nonwoven fabric cleaning material and method for producing the same
JPH0749619B2 (en) 1990-04-12 1995-05-31 ユニチカ株式会社 Entangled nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same
SE467499B (en) 1990-11-19 1992-07-27 Moelnlycke Ab PROCEDURES FOR HYDROENT ANGLING
US6352948B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2002-03-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fine fiber composite web laminates
JP2003061886A (en) * 1996-07-16 2003-03-04 Inogami Kk Wiping cloth or filter cloth
JPH11151188A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-06-08 Azuma Kogyo Kk Wiper cloth for cleaning
JP3953166B2 (en) 1997-11-28 2007-08-08 花王株式会社 Kitchen sheet and manufacturing method thereof
JP3905916B2 (en) * 1998-06-01 2007-04-18 ユニチカ株式会社 Method for producing composite nonwoven fabric containing ultrafine fibers
DE19903903A1 (en) 1999-02-01 2000-08-10 Dreyer Claude Cloth pad for applying or removing skin or eyebrow make-up comprises three-layer fabric in which at least the outer layers consist of split fibres with a small diameter, preferably polyester-polyamide mixed fibre
DE19917275B4 (en) 1999-04-16 2004-02-26 Carl Freudenberg Kg cleaning cloth
DE19957693C2 (en) 1999-11-30 2002-06-27 Freudenberg Carl Kg Cleanroom Cleaning Cloth
DE10002778B4 (en) 2000-01-22 2012-05-24 Robert Groten Use of a microfilament nonwoven fabric as a cleaning cloth
DE10044694A1 (en) 2000-09-08 2002-03-21 Fleissner Gerold Nonwoven fabric, for a cleaning cloth, is composed of outer melt-blown fiber layer(s) and an inner spun-bond fiber layer, bonded together by hydrodynamic needling
JP2004008501A (en) * 2002-06-07 2004-01-15 Teijin Ltd Ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric for wiping cloth
US6739023B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2004-05-25 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of forming a nonwoven composite fabric and fabric produced thereof
ITMI20030805A1 (en) 2003-04-17 2004-10-18 Orlandi Spa NON-FABRIC BASED ON EXPLODED FIBERS OR MULTI-COMPONENT FIBERS SPLITTABLE.
JP3974889B2 (en) 2003-10-15 2007-09-12 大和紡績株式会社 Laminated nonwoven fabric for wiper, method for producing the same, and wet wiper
US20060009106A1 (en) 2004-05-20 2006-01-12 Daiwbo Co., Ltd. Wiping sheet
DE102004036099B4 (en) 2004-07-24 2008-03-27 Carl Freudenberg Kg Multi-component spunbonded nonwoven, process for its preparation and use of multi-component spunbonded nonwovens
EP1696064A1 (en) 2005-02-23 2006-08-30 Carl Freudenberg KG Cleansing sheets, manufacturing process and use thereof
WO2006102360A2 (en) 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Allasso Industries, Inc. Low linting, high absorbency, high strength wipes composed of micro and nano fibers
ATE448357T1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2009-11-15 Voith Patent Gmbh PMC WITH SPLITABLE FIBERS
JP2007284834A (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-11-01 Toray Ind Inc Sheet-shaped material and method for producing the same
DE102007023806A1 (en) 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Carl Freudenberg Kg Layer composite for use in an air filter
WO2014087687A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 東レ株式会社 Wiping cloth for sterilization use
US20140317866A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-10-30 Keri Burt Microfiber Cosmetic Textile and Methods of Use

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6692750B2 (en) 2020-05-13
CN106029966A (en) 2016-10-12
US10406565B2 (en) 2019-09-10
JP2017506954A (en) 2017-03-16
RU2016137493A (en) 2018-03-27
US20170050220A1 (en) 2017-02-23
RU2016137493A3 (en) 2018-03-27
CA2940019A1 (en) 2015-08-27
ES2754175T3 (en) 2020-04-16
DE102014002231B4 (en) 2018-12-20
RU2655203C2 (en) 2018-05-24
DE102014002231A1 (en) 2015-08-27
EP3108052A1 (en) 2016-12-28
WO2015124335A1 (en) 2015-08-27
CA2940019C (en) 2019-09-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3108051B1 (en) Microfiber nonwoven composite
EP3108052B1 (en) Cleaning cloth
EP1619283B1 (en) Multicomponent spunbond nonwoven fabric, process for making the same and the use thereof
DE10002778B4 (en) Use of a microfilament nonwoven fabric as a cleaning cloth
EP3424700B1 (en) Microfibre non-woven material
EP3334857A1 (en) Method for producing a structured microfilament nonwoven
EP1733088B1 (en) Spun-bonded non-woven made of polymer fibers and use thereof
EP3341514A1 (en) Cleaning textile
DE10011053C2 (en) Textile light protection material
DE19962313C1 (en) Nonwoven fabric, for use as bed linen, comprises bicomponent microfilaments of two incompatible polymers with good particle retention
DE60022157T2 (en) Continuous and / or discontinuous three-component polymer fibers for nonwovens, and manufacturing processes
DE102012002954B4 (en) Use of a microfilament nonwoven fabric as a textile UV light protection material
WO2001048293A1 (en) Sleeping apparel
EP1251755B1 (en) Use of a non-woven micro-filament fabric for sports apparel with uv protection
DE19962358C1 (en) Pocket lining material, for trouser or jacket pockets, comprises a nonwoven fabric of directly laid, melt-spun, drawn continuous microfilaments, using bicomponent filaments of incompatible polymers
EP1237433B1 (en) Manufacturing of a lining for use in the footwear industry
WO2001048292A1 (en) Sanitary fabric
WO2001048294A1 (en) Sanitary apparel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20160720

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20170830

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20190308

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: GROTEN, ROBERT

Inventor name: DUNKEL, JOERG

Inventor name: EISENHUT, ANDREAS

Inventor name: GLEICH, THORSTEN

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502015010056

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1169878

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190915

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191121

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191121

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191223

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191221

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191122

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2754175

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20200416

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200224

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502015010056

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG2D Information on lapse in contracting state deleted

Ref country code: IS

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200603

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200115

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200131

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 1169878

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190821

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230125

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20230121

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20240126

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20240201

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20240126

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240201

Year of fee payment: 10