EP3106608A2 - Tunnelbaumaschine und verfahren zum graben eines tunnels - Google Patents

Tunnelbaumaschine und verfahren zum graben eines tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3106608A2
EP3106608A2 EP16174897.5A EP16174897A EP3106608A2 EP 3106608 A2 EP3106608 A2 EP 3106608A2 EP 16174897 A EP16174897 A EP 16174897A EP 3106608 A2 EP3106608 A2 EP 3106608A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
buffer tank
conveyor
tunneling machine
particulate material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16174897.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3106608A3 (de
EP3106608B1 (de
Inventor
Morten Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprenorfirmaet Ostergaard AS
Original Assignee
Entreprenorfirmaet Ostergaard AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Entreprenorfirmaet Ostergaard AS filed Critical Entreprenorfirmaet Ostergaard AS
Publication of EP3106608A2 publication Critical patent/EP3106608A2/de
Publication of EP3106608A3 publication Critical patent/EP3106608A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3106608B1 publication Critical patent/EP3106608B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tunneling machine and a method of excavating a tunnel.
  • Tunneling machines also known as tunnel boring machines (TBM) are frequently used when building subterranean tunnels.
  • TBM tunnel boring machines
  • Such tunnels may be use in particular for creating underground rail systems, but other purposes are equally feasible such as tunnels for road vehicles and tunnels for larger sewage- and water systems or similar utilities.
  • Such tunnels may extend from about 10 meters to several kilometers and having a width of from about a meter up to several meters or even some tens of meters.
  • Tunneling machines typically comprise an elongated frame having approximately the same width as the tunnel to be excavated.
  • the tunneling machine is inserted into the tunnel by means of an actuator.
  • the front of the tunneling machine comprises an excavating mechanism which is capable of removing material from the tunnel front.
  • the material comprises soil, rock, sand and other materials found in the earth. The material will be in the form of a particulate material after being removed from the tunnel wall by the excavating mechanism.
  • the particulate material must be transported away from the excavating mechanism and out of the tunnel in order to clear the tunnel pipe segment and allow the tunneling machine to advance forward into the tunnel.
  • the particulate material is transported to the rear end of the elongated frame by means of a conveying mechanism, and thereafter the particulate material is loaded onto a soil transporter.
  • the soil transporter When the soil transporter is fully loaded with particulate material, the boring activities are interrupted and the soil transporter is moved through the tunnel to the outside, where the particular material is off-loaded at a suitable location whereupon the soil transporter is returned to the rear end of the frame and the boring process may be re-started.
  • WO 95/30065 relates to a device for driving a tunnel or drain pipe.
  • the device comprises a thick matter pump which pumps the soil from a sealable stone trap adjacent a cutting chamber of the drive head to the outside.
  • WO 2008/043511 relates to a tunneling machine with a transport system.
  • the machine comprises a transport band for transporting material away from the drilling head.
  • EP 0 114 452 A1 relates to a machine for digging a tunnel.
  • the machine comprises a screw conveyor for transporting material away from the drilling head.
  • DE 30 15 319 relates to a tunneling machine which has a transport band.
  • US 3 574 405 relates to an apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels.
  • the apparatus comprises a conveyor which conveys material to carriages.
  • DE 28 40 280 relates to a tunneling machine which has a conveyor operating at two different velocities being a first slow velocity when the transport wagon is away from the tunneling machine and a faster velocity when the transport wagon is located adjacent the tunneling machine.
  • DE 34 34 936 relates to a digging machine having a transport band and US 4 767 253 relates to a tunnel cleaning train having a distributor.
  • tunneling machine must be stopped when the soil transporter is away from the loading position at the rear end of the frame of the tunneling machine, i.e. when the soil transporter is off-loading or moving.
  • the problem is non-significant, since the distances between the rear end of the frame and the outside of the tunnel pipe segment is small.
  • the time needed for transporting the soil transporter between the loading station at the rear end of the frame and the unloading station outside the tunnel pipe segment becomes significant. The time period when the tunneling machine is stopped and cannot work increases accordingly.
  • DE 28 40 280 provides a kind of solution to the present problem, however, the amount of particulate material which may be removed from the tunnel wall when the soil transporter is away from the loading position is limited by the size of the conveyor.
  • a tunneling machine comprising an elongated frame for being inserted into a tunnel pipe segment, the frame defining a front end and a rear end, the tunneling machine further comprising:
  • a tunnel pipe segment is in the present context construed to be the work area inside the tunnel or the unfinished tunnel.
  • the front wall is the location in the tunnel pipe segment where the tunnel pipe segment should be extended.
  • the frame holds all equipment necessary for the tunneling machine to operate.
  • the actuator typically interacts with the side wall or the rear wall of the tunnel pipe segment and pushes the frame toward the end wall of the tunnel.
  • the excavating mechanism is pushed against the end wall of the tunnel pipe segment in order to loosen the material and may thus differ depending on the type of material encountered in the ground.
  • the particulate material excavated by the excavating mechanism is transported to the buffer tank by means of the first conveyor.
  • the first conveyor may be a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, a bucket conveyor or the like.
  • the buffer tank is off-loaded into a soil transporter.
  • the soil transporter comprises a storage compartment for storing the particulate material and a number of wheels for allowing the soil transporter to move.
  • the soil transporter is moved to the outside of the tunnel pipe segment and the particulate material is off-loaded at an appropriate location. Normally only one soil transporter is used due to the limited space inside the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the buffer tank should have an appropriate size in order to be able to accumulate all particulate material generated by the excavating mechanism while the soil transporter is away from the rear end of the frame of the tunneling machine.
  • the buffer tank is again off-loaded into the soil transporter and the soil transporter returns to the outside of the tunnel pipe segment for off-loading the particulate material.
  • the excavating mechanism constitutes an excavator.
  • An excavator may be used for digging into loose materials such as sand etc. It may be controlled by an operator situated adjacent the front end of the frame.
  • the excavating mechanism constitutes a drilling head.
  • a drilling head may be used for hard materials such as granite etc.
  • the drilling head comprises a rotating boring head comprising disc cutters.
  • the buffer tank comprises a sloping bottom.
  • a sloping bottom will make it easier to empty the buffer tank in the limited space within the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the tunnel excavating machine further comprises a second conveyor for transporting the particulate material from the buffer tank to the soil transporter, the second conveyor running only when the soil transporter is at the rear end of the frame.
  • the buffer tank may comprise a conveyor which is operating to move the particulate material from the buffer tank to the storage compartment of the soil transporter when the soil transporter is adjacent the rear end of the frame of the tunnel excavating machine.
  • the second conveyor stops and the soil transporter proceeds to the outside of the tunnel pipe segment for off-loading the particulate material.
  • the second conveyor is restarted to transport the particulate material which has accumulated in the buffer tank to the storage compartment of the soil transporter.
  • the second conveyor is extending from the sloping bottom of the buffer tank to the top of the soil transporter. In this way the buffer tank may be completely emptied without moving or tilting the buffer tank.
  • the second conveyor comprises a primary conveyor extending within the buffer tank and a secondary conveyor extending outside the buffer tank.
  • the conveyor part inside the buffer tank may operate independently of the conveyor part outside the buffer tank
  • the primary conveyor constitutes a carrier comprising a linear actuator, a beam connected to the linear actuator and extending within the buffer tank above the sloping bottom, and a plurality of pivotable plates extending from the beam towards the sloping bottom.
  • the pivotable plates are pivoable between a substantially vertical orientation and a substantially horizontal orientation pointing towards the soil transporter.
  • the secondary conveyor is enclosed between the buffer tank and the soil transporter for preventing spillage.
  • the second conveyor is a screw conveyor.
  • a screw conveyor is advantageous to use for transporting the particulate material since it requires only a small amount of space.
  • the second conveyor is operating with a higher velocity than the first conveyor.
  • the second conveyor should be able to transport the particulate material from the buffer tank to the storage compartment of the soil transporter at a much higher velocity than the excavating mechanism generates particulate material and the first conveyor transports particulate material from the excavating mechanism to the buffer tank.
  • the soil transporter is driven by a cable.
  • the soil transporter may have its own drive mechanism, however, preferably the soil transporter may be driven by a cable which is connected to a drive mechanism, such as an electrical motor, located on the frame and/or outside the tunnel pipe segment. In this way the weight of the soil transporter is reduced since it must not include the drive mechanism.
  • the soil transporter has a storage compartment corresponding to the storage volume of the buffer tank. In this way the complete volume of particulate material in the buffer tank may be transferred to the storage compartment of the soil transporter.
  • the tunneling machine further comprises a mechanism for introducing concrete tunnel segments into the tunnel segment.
  • the tunneling machine also has the capability of lining the tunnel pipe segment by introducing concrete tunnel segments into the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the frame is thus resting on the concrete tunnel segments, which may be continuously pushed into the tunnel pipe segment as the excavating mechanism clears a new portion of the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the soil transporter is adapted to move a specific volume of particulate material from the rear end of the frame to the outside of the tunnel pipe segment, unload the particulate material and move from the outside of the tunnel pipe segment to the rear end of the frame at approximately the same time as it takes to fill the buffer tank with the specific volume of particulate material.
  • the velocity of the soil transporter may thus be adapted to the length of the tunnel pipe segment. Operating the soil transporter at high velocity will require more energy and thus at the beginning of the excavating process, the soil transporter may travel at a lower velocity, thereby requiring less amount of energy to operate.
  • the actuator is a hydraulic actuator having a counter hold inside the tunnel pipe segment and/or outside the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the frame of the tunneling machine may be driven into the tunnel pipe segments by hydraulic power and may either arrest itself against the side walls of the tunnel pipe segment or the rear wall of the tunnel pipe segment, i.e. a wall opposite the location of the excavating mechanism, or both, in order to push the excavating mechanism towards the end wall of the tunnel pipe segment.
  • the buffer tank has a storage volume of between 1 m 2 and 100m 2 . Such volumes are suitable for ensuring a continuous operation of the tunneling machine.
  • a tunneling machine comprising an elongated frame for being inserted into a tunnel pipe segment, the frame defining a front end and a rear end, the tunneling machine further comprising:
  • the above method according to the second aspect is preferably used in connection with the tunneling machine described above in connection with the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a tunneling machine 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tunneling machine 10 is located below ground inside a tunnel pipe segment 12.
  • the tunneling machine 10 comprises an excavating mechanism in the form of a drilling head 14.
  • the drilling head 14 is capable of loosening ground materials at the end wall A of the tunnel pipe segment 12.
  • the loosened ground materials constitute a particulate material 16 which is transported to a buffer tank 18 by a first conveyor 20.
  • the first conveyor 20 may constitute a screw conveyor, belt conveyor, bucket conveyor or a combination thereof as illustrated here.
  • the particulate material 16 is further transported from the buffer tank 18 to a soil transporter 22 by means of a second conveyor 24.
  • the soil transporter 22 constitutes a vehicle which transports the particulate material to the outside of the tunnel,
  • a further conveyor as shown here is used in case the soil transporter 22 cannot reach the surface, or other plausible means may be applied, such as a lift etc.
  • the tunneling machine is pushed into the tunnel pipe segment 12 by means of an actuator 26 together with concrete tunnel segments 28 which are used to line the side wall B of the tunnel pipe segment 12 and provide reinforcement of the tunnel pipe segment 12.
  • the tunneling machine is thereby fixated to the concrete tunnel segment 28 and will move forward together with the row of concrete tunnel segments 28.
  • the tunneling machine 10 is typically powered by hydraulics from a station 30 located outside the tunnel pipe segment 12.
  • the actuator is supported by the rear wall C.
  • the tunnel side wall B is used as support.
  • the second conveyor 24 comprise a primary conveyor 24a inside and adjacent the bottom of the buffer tank 18 and a secondary conveyor 24b outside the buffer tank 18 leading from the buffer tank 18 to the soil transporter.
  • the primary conveyor 24a is in the present embodiment a screw conveyor whereas the secondary conveyor 24b is a belt conveyor.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of a tunneling machine 10' according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment makes use of an excavator 14'.
  • An excavator 14' may be used for soft grounds such as sand.
  • a drilling head as in the previous embodiment is used for harder grounds such as rock.
  • the soil transporter is driven in and out of the tunnel pipe segment 12 by means of a cable 32 which is connected to the soil transporter 22 and to a motor driven spindle 34.
  • the soil transporter 22 must move faster in order to be able to move to the outside of the tunnel pipe segment 12, off-load the particulate material 16 and return to the buffer tank 18 before the buffer tank 18 is filled.
  • FIG. 3A shows a close-up side view of the tunneling machine 10' according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the excavator 14' is capable of operating continuously as the particulate material 16 excavated by the excavator 14 is temporarily stored in the buffer tank 18.
  • the bucket 14', the first conveyor 20, the buffer tank 18 and the second conveyor 24 are all mounted on a frame 36 which is fixated to the side wall B of the concrete tunnel pipe segment 28.
  • the storage compartment 38 of the soil transporter 22 is filled with the particulate material of the buffer tank 18.
  • the second conveyor 24 When the storage compartment 38 of the soil transporter 22 is filled, the second conveyor 24 is stopped and the soil transporter 22 is pulled out of the tunnel pipe segment 12 by means of the cable 32, emptied and returned to the second conveyor 24. As the soil transporter 22 returns, the second conveyor 24 is re-started. The second conveyor 24 operates at a higher velocity than the first conveyor 20 in order to quickly fill the storage compartment 38 of the soil transporter.
  • FIG. 3B shows a close-up side view of the tunneling machine 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tunneling machine 10 is provided with a rotating drilling head 14" instead of the excavator for being able to penetrate harder soil materials.
  • FIG.1 and FIG.3B show examples of the so called EPB method having a closed tunnel front
  • FIG. 2 and FIG.3A show the open front method.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a rear part of a tunneling machine 10'" according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present tunneling machine 10'" is similar to the above tunneling machines except that the second conveyor 24 is enclosed from its receiving end which is located within the buffer tank 18 to its delivering end which is located above the soil transporter 22.
  • the second conveyor is divided into a primary conveyor 24a located within the buffer tank 18 and extending partially outside the buffer tank 24, and a secondary conveyor 24b extending from the primary conveyor 24a to the soil transporter 22.
  • the secondary conveyor 24b is in the present case a substantially enclosed screw conveyor. In this way, any spillage may be avoided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of the tunneling machine 10'" according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the primary conveyor 24a reaches from the bottom of the buffer tank 18 to the outside of the buffer tank 18, whereas the secondary conveyor 24b reaches fully enclosed from the first conveyor part 24' to the soil transporter 22.
  • the interconnection between the first conveyor part 24' and the second conveyor part 24" is in the present case also enclosed.
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view of a tunneling machine 10"" according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the buffer tank 18 is provided with a carrier 40, acting as the primary conveyor of the previous embodiments.
  • the carrier 40 comprises a hydraulic linear actuator 42 which is movable in a back and forth direction as shown by the arrows.
  • the actuator 42 is connected to a beam 46 extending through the buffer tank 18 at a distance from the bottom of the buffer tank 18.
  • the beam 46 comprises a number of plates 46, each being pivotally connected to the beam 44 via a respective pivot 48.
  • the plates 46 extend from the beam 44 in a perpendicular direction relative to the beam 44 and towards the bottom of the buffer tank 18.
  • the buffer tank 18 features an opening 50 at which location, particulate material 16 will enter the secondary conveyor 24b.
  • FIG. 7A shows a first view of a series of views describing the working principle of the tunneling machine 10"" according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the plates 46 are pivotable towards the opening 50 and non-pivotable towards the opposite direction.
  • the actuator 42 moves the plates 46 towards the opening 50, the particulate material 16 will be carried along the plates 46 towards the opening 50.
  • FIG. 7B shows a second view of a series of views describing the working principle of the tunneling machine 10"" according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7C shows a third view of a series of views describing the working principle of the tunneling machine 10"" according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present fifth embodiment is particularly advantageous when conveying sand and similar fine particulate materials which may otherwise easily cause spillage and clogging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
EP16174897.5A 2015-06-19 2016-06-17 Tunnelbaumaschine und verfahren zum graben eines tunnels Active EP3106608B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15172922 2015-06-19

Publications (3)

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EP3106608A2 true EP3106608A2 (de) 2016-12-21
EP3106608A3 EP3106608A3 (de) 2017-01-25
EP3106608B1 EP3106608B1 (de) 2021-02-24

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EP (1) EP3106608B1 (de)
DK (1) DK3106608T3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110424979A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2019-11-08 安徽建筑大学 模拟土压平衡式顶管施工的室内模型顶管装置
CN115306416A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-11-08 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 一种矿用全断面岩石隧道掘进机及其始发掘进方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3574405A (en) 1968-03-15 1971-04-13 Japan National Railway Apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels
DE2840280A1 (de) 1978-01-03 1979-07-05 Herrenknecht Ing Buero Verfahren zum trockenen tunnelvortrieb bei der rohrvorpressung
DE3015319A1 (de) 1980-04-22 1981-10-29 Deilmann-Haniel GmbH, 4600 Dortmund Anlage, verfahren und vorrichtung im ortsbrustbreich eines untertaegigen streckenvortriebs zum aufnehmen und uebergeben des anfallenden stueckigen rolligen haufwerks an ein nachgeschaltetes foerdermittel
EP0114452A1 (de) 1983-01-24 1984-08-01 The Standard Oil Company Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyamids
DE3434936A1 (de) 1984-09-22 1986-04-03 Drespa, Grischa, 4600 Dortmund Senklader mit drehendem loesewerkzeug
US4767253A (en) 1981-01-09 1988-08-30 General Mining Union Corporation Limited Tunnel cleaning train
WO1995030065A1 (de) 1994-05-03 1995-11-09 Putzmeister-Werk Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Anordnung zum vortrieb eines tunnel- oder abwasserrohrs
WO2008043511A1 (de) 2006-10-09 2008-04-17 Saenger Bernhard Tunnelbohrmaschine sowie anordnung einer tunnelbohrmaschine mit einem transportsystem

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753971A (en) * 1949-12-22 1956-07-10 Joy Mfg Co Material gathering, receiving, storing and delivering apparatus
GB1391316A (en) * 1972-10-27 1975-04-23 Dobson Park Ind Mining and excavating machines
GB1570329A (en) * 1976-02-12 1980-06-25 Daiko Const Method and apparatus for excavating horizontal tunnels
US4353676A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-10-12 Lake Shore, Inc. Bunker for tunnel boring

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3574405A (en) 1968-03-15 1971-04-13 Japan National Railway Apparatus for continuous excavation of tunnels
DE2840280A1 (de) 1978-01-03 1979-07-05 Herrenknecht Ing Buero Verfahren zum trockenen tunnelvortrieb bei der rohrvorpressung
DE3015319A1 (de) 1980-04-22 1981-10-29 Deilmann-Haniel GmbH, 4600 Dortmund Anlage, verfahren und vorrichtung im ortsbrustbreich eines untertaegigen streckenvortriebs zum aufnehmen und uebergeben des anfallenden stueckigen rolligen haufwerks an ein nachgeschaltetes foerdermittel
US4767253A (en) 1981-01-09 1988-08-30 General Mining Union Corporation Limited Tunnel cleaning train
EP0114452A1 (de) 1983-01-24 1984-08-01 The Standard Oil Company Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyamids
DE3434936A1 (de) 1984-09-22 1986-04-03 Drespa, Grischa, 4600 Dortmund Senklader mit drehendem loesewerkzeug
WO1995030065A1 (de) 1994-05-03 1995-11-09 Putzmeister-Werk Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Anordnung zum vortrieb eines tunnel- oder abwasserrohrs
WO2008043511A1 (de) 2006-10-09 2008-04-17 Saenger Bernhard Tunnelbohrmaschine sowie anordnung einer tunnelbohrmaschine mit einem transportsystem

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110424979A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2019-11-08 安徽建筑大学 模拟土压平衡式顶管施工的室内模型顶管装置
CN115306416A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-11-08 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 一种矿用全断面岩石隧道掘进机及其始发掘进方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3106608A3 (de) 2017-01-25
DK3106608T3 (da) 2021-04-26
EP3106608B1 (de) 2021-02-24

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