EP3106228A1 - Device and grinding tool for grinding dispensed products - Google Patents
Device and grinding tool for grinding dispensed products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3106228A1 EP3106228A1 EP16174479.2A EP16174479A EP3106228A1 EP 3106228 A1 EP3106228 A1 EP 3106228A1 EP 16174479 A EP16174479 A EP 16174479A EP 3106228 A1 EP3106228 A1 EP 3106228A1
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- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- radial distance
- rotor
- sections
- tools
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/288—Ventilating, or influencing air circulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
- B02C13/2804—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements being rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/28—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone gas moving means being integral with, or attached to, crushing or disintegrating element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C2013/145—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with fast rotating vanes generating vortexes effecting material on material impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
- B02C2013/2808—Shape or construction of beater elements the beater elements are attached to disks mounted on a shaft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for comminuting feed material according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a grinding tool for use in such a device according to the preamble of patent claim 16.
- Such devices are known inter alia as eddy current mills for fine and ultrafine grinding of pourable feedstock and in particular for the grinding of heat-sensitive feed material.
- the DE 35 43 370 A1 discloses such a mill with a cylindrical stator and rotating rotor therein. While the stator extends over the entire axial length of the rotor, the rotor is subdivided by arranging axially spaced circular disks in several mill stages. Each grinding stage is associated with a plurality of grinding plates, which are releasably secured to the outer circumference of the circular discs. With a rotating rotor, the grinding plates generate with their axially running edges a vortex field in which the good particles are constantly accelerated and deflected. The comminution of the feed material is carried out by acceleration, impact and frictional forces, which are exposed to the good particles in the vortex field.
- an improved mill is in the DE 197 23 705 C1 described.
- the grinding zone is divided into an inlet-side region, where the feed material is first crushed by mechanical action of Mahlleisten before it enters the outlet side of the grinding zone, where an autogenous crushing takes place in the vortex field of the rotor.
- the mill can be adapted to the specific features of the feed material and the comminution process both in the inlet side and on the outlet side mill area by structural measures and thereby the effectiveness of the mill can be increased.
- the object of the invention is now to further develop known devices with regard to an economical comminution operation and a consistently high quality of the final product.
- a basic idea of the invention is to modify the course of the effective edges of the grinding tools of a rotor so that additional, the crushing effect-improving effects arise.
- the invention is based on the assumption that an edge moved in a gaseous medium generates vortices whose vertebral axis is aligned parallel to the edge. In the sphere of influence of the vortices, the individual good particles are exposed to enormous acceleration forces and changes of direction as well as impact and frictional forces which perform the comminution work.
- the invention now aims at a change of the vortex field in the peripheral region of the rotor, for which purpose the axially extending effective edges of the grinding tools are set back in one or more sections in the direction of the rotor axis. It thus arise in first sections L 1 axially extending effective edges with a first radial distance R 1 to the axis of rotation and arranged between the first sections L 1 second sections L 2 axially extending effective edges with a second radial distance R 2 to the rotation axis, wherein the first radial distance R 1 is greater than the second radial distance R 2 .
- the second subsections L 2 include all subsections with a smaller radial distance compared to the first subsections L 1 , which means that the second subsections L 2 can also have different radial distances R 2 with each other, as long as they are smaller than the radial distance R 1 of the first sections L 1 to the axis of rotation.
- each grinding tool creates, due to the course of the effective edge according to the invention, two types of vortices, the vertebral axes of which are transverse, preferably perpendicular, to one another and the intensity of which varies temporally and spatially through mutual influence.
- the superimposition of the differently oriented vortices requires extremely complex turbulent flow conditions in the interspaces of two adjacent grinding tools.
- the efficiency of the crushing process is significantly increased, which is first noticeable in an unexpectedly high performance increase of a device according to the invention.
- the relatively short residence time of the feedstock in the grinding area minimizes the heat input into the feed, so that such a device is also suitable for the comminution of heat-sensitive feedstock.
- the extremely effective crop processing also opens up the possibility of feeding the feedstock in a coarser grain size to a device according to the invention, without thereby impairing the achievable fineness of the comminuted product.
- a device according to the invention is thus distinguished from known devices additionally by a higher degree of comminution.
- the intended for a favorable adaptation and optimization Measures according to the invention include inter alia the selection of a suitable number and / or relative length of the first and second sections L 1 , L 2 of the axially extending effective edges relative to the overall length L of the grinding tools or the selection of a suitable length ratio between first sections L 1 and second sections L 2 .
- the sum of the lengths of all first sections L 1 is 50% to 90% of the total axial length L of a grinding tool, most preferably 60% to 80% and / or the sum of all lengths of the first sections L 1 and / or the sum of all lengths of second sections L 2 are in a ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 1.
- This means that at least half the length of an effective edge of a grinding tool according to the invention is due to the smaller radial distance to the stator tools for intensive interaction with the stator tools available, where much of the crushing work is done.
- the axial length of a single second portion L 2 of an effective edge of a grinding tool is 10% to 50% of the total axial length L of the grinding tool, preferably 20% to 40%. This measure limits the axial length of the second section L 2 with respect to the total length of the grinding tool and thus allows a targeted control of the flow of material within the rotor.
- a grinding tool according to the invention has over its length a maximum of eight second sections L 2 , preferably two to four second sections L 2 .
- the number of second subsections L 2 makes it possible to influence the intensity and thus the efficiency of the comminution, with a vortex field having a largely uniform comminution effect being generated in the peripheral region of the rotor.
- the radially effective edge has a maximum length corresponding to the axial length of the adjacent second portion L 2 , and which is preferably 30% to 60% of the axial length of the adjacent second section L 2 . At the same time, however, this will also influence the course of the material flow in the rotor, since the feed material in the regions of the second sections L 2 flows concentrated from one chamber to an adjacent chamber between the grinding tools due to the greater radial distance from the stator tools.
- the length of the radially active edges of a preferred grinding tool is for example at least 5 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm or at least 20 mm.
- the recessed second sections L 2 of the axially active edges thus lead to a material flow within a device according to the invention, in which larger particles in the region of these second sections L 2 flow from a chamber formed between two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor chamber in a subsequent chamber to continue there to be crushed.
- sufficiently clean good particles are already entrained by the air flow in the vortexing vortex chamber and withdrawn from the device.
- This type of processing has, in addition to an extremely efficient comminution, the additional advantage that the comminuted product is very uniform in terms of shape and size of the individual good particles within narrow limits, so that high quality requirements of the final product are met.
- the effective edges of the second section L 2 and the second sections L 2 of two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor may have the same radial distance R 2 to the axis of rotation or else a different radial distance. If, for example, the radial distance R 2 of the partial section L 2 leading in the direction of rotation is smaller than that of the following section L 2 , then a larger proportion of the feed will strike the subsequent grinding tool and be comminuted there. In this way, the material flow and the intensity of the crushing can be controlled become.
- This effect can alternatively or cumulatively to the measures described above also be controlled by the fact that the second sections L 2 of a grinding tool with respect to the second sections L 2 of an adjacent grinding tool in the rotor have an axial offset V.
- Characterized the product flow is controlled by a device according to the invention so that the feed material successively flows through a plurality of chambers formed in the rotor between the grinding tools on its way from the inlet side to the outlet side of the rotor.
- the chambers in this way each forms a processing stage, which are followed by the feed material in succession.
- the axial offset V can be selected to be smaller.
- a grinding tool over its axial length has a plurality of second sections L 2 and the feed passes through a larger number of chambers.
- the offset V of two adjacent in the direction of rotation adjacent second sections L 2 relative to the centers for example, at least the sum of half the axial length of the second section L 2 of the leading grinding tool and the half axial length of the second section L 2 of the subsequent grinding tool , most preferably at least the sum of the axial length of the second portion L 2 of the leading grinding tool and the axial length of the second portion L 2 of the subsequent grinding tool.
- the second sections L 2 are on a number of parallel helixes about the rotor axis, wherein the pitch of the helices determines the extent of the axial offset.
- the helices preferably extend at an angle ⁇ between 10 degrees and 50 degrees to the generatrices of the rotor, most preferably at an angle ⁇ between 20 degrees and 35 degrees.
- an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the effective edges of the grinding tools extend at an angle ⁇ to the generatrices of the rotor. If the outlet-side effective edge of the grinding tool is inclined in the direction of rotation (- ⁇ ), then a restraining effect with longer residence times of the feed material in the area of the grinding tools, while at an opposite inclination (+ ⁇ ) accelerates the flow of material and thus the residence time is shortened ,
- preferred angles ⁇ are -5 degrees to +5 degrees with respect to a generatrix of the rotor, preferably -3 degrees to +3 degrees.
- the effective edge at the inlet side and / or outlet end of a grinding tool is formed by a third portion L 3 with a third radial distance R 3 from the axis of rotation, wherein the first radial distance R 1st of the first section L 1 is greater than the third radial distance R 3 .
- the third radial distance R 3 of two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor is different in size. If a milling tool leading in the direction of rotation possesses a third section L 3 with a smaller radial distance R 3 than the radial distance R 3 of a third section L 3 of a subsequent grinding tool, then a larger portion of the feed will hit the subsequent grinding tool and be comminuted there. In this way, the crop flow and the intensity of the crushing can be controlled.
- the Fig. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention in the form of an eddy current mill, which serves without limitation for fine and Feinstmahlung of plastics such as thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics and elastomers or for grinding crystalline substances or agglomerates.
- the device 1 comprises a platform-like machine base 2, which terminates at the top with a horizontal mounting plate 3, on which a rotary drive 4 and a support frame 5 are mounted side by side. With the support frame 5, a cylindrical housing 6 is fixedly connected, whose perpendicular to the mounting plate 3 aligned housing axis carries the reference numeral 7.
- the housing 6 is subdivided in the axial direction into an entry-side housing section 8, a central cylindrical housing section 9 and an outlet-side housing section 10.
- a rotor 11 is arranged with an axis 7 to the coaxial drive shaft 12.
- the drive shaft 12 is rotatably supported with its lower end portion in a lower bearing 13 and with its opposite end portion in an upper bearing 14.
- the extending through the mounting plate 3 end of the drive shaft 12 carries a multi-pulley 15, which is coupled via drive belt 16 with the multi-pulley 17 of the rotary drive 4.
- the support disks 18 and 19 have position slots for receiving axially parallel plate-shaped grinding tools 20, which are distributed in this manner over the circumference of the rotor 11 and in operation of a device according to the invention, for example, with a peripheral speed of approximately between 100 m / sec and 180 m / sec depending on the product.
- the angular distance of the grinding tools 20 over the circumference of the rotor 11 is uniform and in the present embodiment is three degrees, but can also be four degrees, five degrees, six degrees or more be.
- the inlet-side housing portion 8 forms down the end-side housing closure and has in the region of the axis 7 a concentric inlet opening 21 for the feed material, which surrounds the drive shaft 12 at a light radial distance.
- the inlet opening 21 develops into a flachkegeligen widening, which forms in this way with the lower vertical support plate 19 a distribution chamber 22 which tapers radially outward and so for an acceleration of the feed material in this area provides.
- the outlet-side housing portion 10 forms the upper end-side housing closure and accommodates there a concentric to the axis 7 extending annular channel 23, which merges into a tangentially emerging from the housing portion 10 Gutauslauf 24.
- the central cylindrical housing portion 9 accommodates a stator, to which stator housings 35 are arranged on the housing inner circumference, which form an impact path in their entirety and which enclose a grinding gap 36 with the axially extending effective edges of the plate-shaped grinding tools 20 of the rotor 11 ( Fig. 3 ).
- the feed of the device 1 with feed material 37 takes place on the inlet side via an inlet channel 38, through which the feed material 37 passes as gas-solid mixture via the inlet opening 21 into the housing interior and there in the distribution chamber 22 after deflection in the radial direction to the grinding gap 36 is accelerated ,
- the feed material 37 flows helically around the axis 7 while it is being crushed.
- the sufficiently fine material finally reaches the annular channel 23, from where it is withdrawn via the Gutauslauf 24 from the device according to the invention.
- each milling tool 20 has an effective edge 25 extending axially parallel to the axis 7 and facing the stator tools 35 while maintaining a radial grinding gap 36.
- the axial extending effective edge 25 divided into three first sections L 1 each having a first radial distance R 1 from the axis 7 and two second sections L 2 each having a second radial distance R 2 from the axis 7.
- the second radial distance R 2nd is smaller than the first radial distance R 1 , results in a radial offset of the effective edge 25 "in the region of the second sections L 2 opposite the effective edge 25 'in the region of the first sections L 1 in the direction of the axis 7.
- the first Subsections L 1 and second sections L 2 each connected via radially effective edges 26.
- the geometric relationships are selected so that the sum of the lengths of all axially extending sections L 1 makes up about 75% of the total axial length L of a grinding tool 20.
- the ratio of the summed lengths of the first sections L 1 to the summed lengths of the second sections L 2 is about 3: 1.
- the axial length of a single second subsection L 2 corresponds to approximately 15% of the total axial length L of a grinding tool 20.
- the radial length of the edge 26 acting in the radial direction is at most half as large as the axial length of the adjoining second subsection L 2 .
- Fig. 4a to c show different types of adjacent in the rotor 11 grinding tools 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, as basically under Fig. 3 are described.
- the arrangement of these different grinding tools 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 in a rotor 11 with a predetermined recurrent sequence is finally in Fig. 4d shown.
- the grinding tool 20.1 is the leading grinding tool and the grinding tool 20.2 is the subsequent grinding tool.
- the grinding tools 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 according to Fig. 4a to 4d is common that the axially effective edge 25 begins in the inlet-side region with a third portion L 3. Derfax Operaabites L 3 ist in Fig. 2 hinder.
- the grinding tool 20.2 ends up as the only one with a third section L 3 .
- the axial length of the inlet-side third section L 3 is at all Grinding tools 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 the same size.
- the radially effective edge 26.1, 26.2 and 26.3 of the different tool types adjoining this subsection L 3 has a different length.
- the radially active edge 26.1 of the grinding tool 20.1 has the greatest length and the radially effective edge 26.3 of the grinding tool 20.3 has the smallest length, while the radially active edge 26.2 has an intermediate length.
- the subsequent to the second sections L 2 radial effective edges 26 of all grinding tools 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 all have a uniform length.
- the further embodiment according to the Fig. 5a to 5d is different from the under the Fig. 4a to 4d described only by the higher number of second sections L 2 .
- This also increases the number and density of the radially active edges 26, so that such a grinding tool 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 is able to crush the feed more intensively. To avoid repetition, this applies under the Fig. 4a to 4d Said correspondingly.
- Fig. 6 represents a settlement of the in Fig. 4d
- a circumferential sequence of the grinding tools 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3 can again be seen.
- Two adjacent grinding tools 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 each form an axially flow-through chamber, in which the feed material passes from the inlet side to the outlet side.
- the effective edge of all grinding tools is divided from the inlet side to the outlet side into an inlet side third subsection L 3 , a first subsection L 1 , a second subsection L 2 and a first subsection L 1 .
- the grinding elements 20.2 also forming the outlet side with a further third section L3, the effective edge 25 is aligned '"with the effective edge 25' and the grinding elements 20.3 with a further sequence of a second partial section L 2 and adjoining the first section L1.
- the second subsections L 2 of two adjacent grinding elements 20. 1, 20. 2, 20. 3 have a uniform axial offset V in the direction of the outlet side, as a result of which their arrangement results on helically extending lines 39 around the rotor circumference.
- the lines 39 enclose with a surface line 40 of the rotor circumference at an angle ⁇ , which is about 45 degrees in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 an embodiment of the invention in which the grinding tools 20 are arranged to control the residence time of the feed material in the field of grinding tools 20 with their effective edge at an angle ⁇ to a surface line 40 of the rotor circumference.
- the good particles receive an impulse against the general flow of material 41 upon impact with the grinding tool 20, which causes a restraining effect on the good flow 41.
- the inclination (+ ⁇ ) is opposite, the good particles are accelerated in the direction of the good flow 41 upon impact with the grinding tools 20.
- the invention is not limited to the specific feature combinations of the individual embodiments, but also includes combinations of features disclosed in different embodiments of the invention.
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein plattenförmiges Mahlwerkzeug zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut. Die Vorrichtung besitzt ein sich entlang einer Rotationsachse (7) erstreckendes Gehäuse (6), in dem ein um die Rotationsachse (7) drehend angetriebener Rotor (11) angeordnet ist. Der Rotor (11) weist über seinen Umfang eine Vielzahl achsparalleler Mahlwerkzeuge (20; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) auf, die von einem Stator mit Statorwerkzeugen (35) umgeben sind. Die wirksamen Kanten der Mahlwerkzeuge (20; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) sind unter Bildung eines Mahlspalts (36) in radialem Abstand zu den Statorwerkzeugen (35) angeordnet und erstrecken sich dabei über die axiale Länge des Mahlspalts (36). Das Aufgabegut (37) wird auf der Einlaufseite dem Mahlspalt (36) zugeführt und tritt auf der Auslaufseite aus dem Mahlspalt (36) aus. Um einen wirtschaftlichen Zerkleinerungsbetrieb bei konstant hoher Qualität des Endprodukts zu erreichen, wird gemäß der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, dass die axial verlaufenden wirksamen Kanten (25) der Mahlwerkzeuge (20; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) in axialer Richtung jeweils untergliedert sind in mindestens zwei erste Teilabschnitte L 1 mit jeweils einem ersten radialen Abstand R 1 von der Rotationsachse (7), und in mindestens einen zweiten Teilabschnitt L 2 mit einem zweiten radialen Abstand R 2 von der Rotationsachse (7). Dabei ist der zweite Teilabschnitt L 2 zwischen den mindestens zwei ersten Teilabschnitten L 1 angeordnet und der erste radiale Abstand R 1 ist größer als der zweite radiale Abstand R 2 , Darüber hinaus sind die axial verlaufenden wirksamen Kanten (25') der mindestens zwei ersten Teilabschnitts L 1 und die axial verlaufende wirksame Kante (25") des mindestens einen zweiten Teilabschnitts L 2 über quer oder im Wesentlichen radial verlaufende wirksame Kanten (26) miteinander verbunden.The invention relates to a device and a plate-shaped grinding tool for the comminution of feed material. The device has a housing (6) extending along a rotation axis (7), in which a rotor (11) driven in rotation about the rotation axis (7) is arranged. The rotor (11) has over its circumference a plurality of axially parallel grinding tools (20; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) which are surrounded by a stator with stator tools (35). The effective edges of the grinding tools (20, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) are arranged to form a grinding gap (36) at a radial distance from the stator tools (35) and extend over the axial length of the grinding gap (36). The feed material (37) is fed to the grinding gap (36) on the inlet side and exits the grinding gap (36) on the outlet side. In order to achieve an economical comminution operation with a constant high quality of the final product, it is proposed according to the invention that the axially extending effective edges (25) of the grinding tools (20; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) are respectively subdivided in the axial direction into at least two first subsections L 1 each having a first radial distance R 1 from the axis of rotation (7), and in at least a second portion L 2 with a second radial distance R 2 from the axis of rotation (7). Here, the second portion L 2 between the at least two first sections L 1 is arranged and the first radial distance R 1 is greater than the second radial distance R 2, In addition, the axially extending effective edges (25 ') of the at least two first portion L 1 and the axially extending effective edge (25 ") of the at least one second portion L 2 via transversely or substantially radially extending effective edges (26) connected to each other.
Description
Vorrichtung und Mahlwerkzeug zum Zerkleinern von AufgabegutDevice and grinding tool for crushing feed
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Aufgabegut gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Mahlwerkzeug zur Verwendung in einer solchen Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 16.The invention relates to a device for comminuting feed material according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a grinding tool for use in such a device according to the preamble of
Solche Vorrichtungen sind unter anderem als Wirbelstrommühlen zur Fein- und Feinstmahlung von schüttfähigem Aufgabegut und insbesondere zur Mahlung von wärmeempfindlichem Aufgabegut bekannt. Die
Eine demgegenüber verbesserte Mühle ist in der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, bekannte Vorrichtungen im Hinblick auf einen wirtschaftlichen Zerkleinerungsbetrieb und eine konstant hohe Qualität des Endprodukts weiter zu entwickeln.The object of the invention is now to further develop known devices with regard to an economical comminution operation and a consistently high quality of the final product.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Mahlwerkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 16 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1 and a grinding tool having the features of
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.
Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, den Verlauf der wirksamen Kanten der Mahlwerkzeuge eines Rotors so zu modifizieren, dass sich zusätzliche, die Zerkleinerungswirkung verbessernde Effekte ergeben. Die Erfindung geht dabei davon aus, dass eine in einem gasförmigen Medium bewegte Kante Wirbel erzeugt, deren Wirbelachse parallel zur Kante ausgerichtet ist. Im Einflussbereich der Wirbel sind die einzelnen Gutpartikel enormen Beschleunigungskräften und Richtungswechseln sowie Aufprall- und Reibkräften ausgesetzt, die die Zerkleinerungsarbeit leisten.A basic idea of the invention is to modify the course of the effective edges of the grinding tools of a rotor so that additional, the crushing effect-improving effects arise. The invention is based on the assumption that an edge moved in a gaseous medium generates vortices whose vertebral axis is aligned parallel to the edge. In the sphere of influence of the vortices, the individual good particles are exposed to enormous acceleration forces and changes of direction as well as impact and frictional forces which perform the comminution work.
Die Erfindung zielt nun auf eine Veränderung des Wirbelfelds im Umfangsbereich des Rotors ab, wozu die axial verlaufenden wirksamen Kanten der Mahlwerkzeuge in einem oder mehreren Teilabschnitten in Richtung der Rotorachse zurückversetzt sind. Es entstehen also in ersten Teilabschnitten L1 axial verlaufende wirksame Kanten mit einem ersten Radialabstand R1 zur Rotationsachse und in zwischen den ersten Teilabschnitten L1 angeordneten zweiten Teilabschnitten L2 axial verlaufende wirksamen Kanten mit einem sich davon unterscheidenden zweiten Radialabstand R2 zur Rotationsachse, wobei der erste Radialabstand R1 größer ist als der zweite Radialabstand R2. Im Sinne der Erfindung gehören dabei zu den zweiten Teilabschnitten L2 alle Teilabschnitte mit einem im Vergleich zu den ersten Teilabschnitten L1 geringeren Radialabstand, was beinhaltet, dass die zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 untereinander auch unterschiedliche Radialabstände R2 aufweisen können, solange diese kleiner sind als der Radialabstand R1 der ersten Teilabschnitte L1 zur Rotationsachse.The invention now aims at a change of the vortex field in the peripheral region of the rotor, for which purpose the axially extending effective edges of the grinding tools are set back in one or more sections in the direction of the rotor axis. It thus arise in first sections L 1 axially extending effective edges with a first radial distance R 1 to the axis of rotation and arranged between the first sections L 1 second sections L 2 axially extending effective edges with a second radial distance R 2 to the rotation axis, wherein the first radial distance R 1 is greater than the second radial distance R 2 . For the purposes of the invention, the second subsections L 2 include all subsections with a smaller radial distance compared to the first subsections L 1 , which means that the second subsections L 2 can also have different radial distances R 2 with each other, as long as they are smaller than the radial distance R 1 of the first sections L 1 to the axis of rotation.
Durch diese konstruktive Maßnahme entstehen radial verlaufende wirksame Kanten, die nicht nur die Länge einer wirksamen Kante eines Mahlwerkzeugs verlängern, sondern auch zusätzliche Wirbel mit einer radial ausgerichteten Wirbelachse erzeugen. Unter radial verlaufender wirksamer Kante wird dabei nicht nur ein rechter Winkel zwischen axial und radial verlaufenden Kanten verstanden, sondern allgemein auch eine Anordnung der radialen Kanten quer zu den axial verlaufenden Kanten. Jedes Mahlwerkzeug erschafft also, bedingt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Verlauf der wirksamen Kante, zweierlei Arten von Wirbel, deren Wirbelachsen quer, vorzugsweise senkrecht, zueinander stehen und deren Intensität durch gegenseitige Beeinflussung zeitlich und räumlich variiert.By virtue of this constructional measure, radially extending effective edges are created which not only lengthen the length of an effective edge of a grinding tool, but also generate additional vertebrae with a radially oriented swirl axis. Under radially extending Effective edge is understood not only a right angle between the axially and radially extending edges, but also generally an arrangement of the radial edges transverse to the axially extending edges. Thus, each grinding tool creates, due to the course of the effective edge according to the invention, two types of vortices, the vertebral axes of which are transverse, preferably perpendicular, to one another and the intensity of which varies temporally and spatially through mutual influence.
Im Betrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bedingt die Überlagerung der unterschiedlich orientierten Wirbel äußerst komplexe turbulente Strömungsverhältnisse in den Zwischenräumen zweier benachbarter Mahlwerkzeuge. Dadurch wird die Effizienz des Zerkleinerungsprozesses erheblich gesteigert, was sich zunächst in einer unerwartet hohen Leistungssteigerung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bemerkbar macht. Die verhältnismäßig kurze Verweildauer des Aufgabeguts im Mahlbereich minimiert dabei den Wärmeeintrag in das Aufgabegut, so dass sich eine solche Vorrichtung auch zur Zerkleinerung wärmeempfindlichen Aufgabeguts eignet.During operation of a device according to the invention, the superimposition of the differently oriented vortices requires extremely complex turbulent flow conditions in the interspaces of two adjacent grinding tools. As a result, the efficiency of the crushing process is significantly increased, which is first noticeable in an unexpectedly high performance increase of a device according to the invention. The relatively short residence time of the feedstock in the grinding area minimizes the heat input into the feed, so that such a device is also suitable for the comminution of heat-sensitive feedstock.
Die äußerst effektive Gutbearbeitung eröffnet jedoch auch Möglichkeit, das Aufgabegut in einer gröberen Körnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zuzuführen, ohne dass sich dadurch die erreichbare Feinheit des zerkleinerten Guts verschlechtert. Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich somit gegenüber bekannten Vorrichtungen zusätzlich durch einen höheren Zerkleinerungsgrad aus.However, the extremely effective crop processing also opens up the possibility of feeding the feedstock in a coarser grain size to a device according to the invention, without thereby impairing the achievable fineness of the comminuted product. A device according to the invention is thus distinguished from known devices additionally by a higher degree of comminution.
Dadurch, dass ein erfindungsgemäßes Mahlwerkzeug sich im Regelfall über die gesamte axiale Länge der Mahlzone erstreckt, lassen sich durch den Wechsel einer relativ geringen Anzahl von Mahlwerkzeugen sämtliche wirksamen Kanten tauschen. Die Werkzeugwechselzeiten beim verschleißbedingten Erneuern der Mahlwerkzeuge oder beim Umstellen der Vorrichtung auf ein anderes Aufgabegut lassen sich auf diese Weise auf ein Minimum reduzieren, was zu einem äußerst wirtschaftlichen Gesamtbetrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung führt.Due to the fact that a grinding tool according to the invention as a rule extends over the entire axial length of the grinding zone, all effective edges can be exchanged by changing a relatively small number of grinding tools. The tool change times in the wear-related renewal of the grinding tools or when switching the device to another feedstock can be reduced in this way to a minimum, resulting in a very economical overall operation of a device according to the invention.
Die zu einer vorteilhaften Anpassung und Optimierung vorgesehenen erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen umfassen unter anderem die Wahl einer geeigneten Anzahl und/oder relativen Länge der ersten und zweiten Teilabschnitte L1, L2 der axial verlaufenden wirksamen Kanten bezogen auf die Gesamtlänge L der Mahlwerkzeuge bzw. die Wahl eines geeigneten Längenverhältnisses zwischen ersten Teilabschnitten L1 und zweiten Teilabschnitten L2. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Summe der Längen aller ersten Teilabschnitte L1 50 % bis 90 % der gesamten axialen Länge L eines Mahlwerkzeugs, höchstvorzugsweise 60 % bis 80 % und/oder die Summe aller Längen der ersten Teilabschnitte L1 und/oder die Summe aller Längen der zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 stehen in einem Verhältnis von 5:1 bis 1:1. Das bedeutet, dass mindestens die halbe Länge einer wirksamen Kante eines erfindungsgemäßen Mahlwerkzeugs aufgrund des geringeren radialen Abstands zu den Statorwerkzeugen für ein intensives Zusammenwirken mit den Statorwerkzeugen zur Verfügung steht, wo ein Großteil der Zerkleinerungsarbeit geleistet wird.The intended for a favorable adaptation and optimization Measures according to the invention include inter alia the selection of a suitable number and / or relative length of the first and second sections L 1 , L 2 of the axially extending effective edges relative to the overall length L of the grinding tools or the selection of a suitable length ratio between first sections L 1 and second sections L 2 . Preferably, the sum of the lengths of all first sections L 1 is 50% to 90% of the total axial length L of a grinding tool, most preferably 60% to 80% and / or the sum of all lengths of the first sections L 1 and / or the sum of all lengths of second sections L 2 are in a ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 1. This means that at least half the length of an effective edge of a grinding tool according to the invention is due to the smaller radial distance to the stator tools for intensive interaction with the stator tools available, where much of the crushing work is done.
Vorzugsweise beträgt die axiale Länge eines einzelnen zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 einer wirksamen Kante eines Mahlwerkzeugs 10 % bis 50 % der gesamten axialen Länge L des Mahlwerkzeugs, vorzugsweise 20 % bis 40 %. Diese Maßnahme begrenzt die axiale Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitt L2 bezüglich der Gesamtlänge des Mahlwerkzeugs und ermöglicht so eine gezielte Steuerung des Gutstroms innerhalb des Rotors.Preferably, the axial length of a single second portion L 2 of an effective edge of a grinding tool is 10% to 50% of the total axial length L of the grinding tool, preferably 20% to 40%. This measure limits the axial length of the second section L 2 with respect to the total length of the grinding tool and thus allows a targeted control of the flow of material within the rotor.
Vorteilhafter Weise besitzt ein erfindungsgemäßes Mahlwerkzeug über seine Länge höchsten acht zweite Teilabschnitte L2, vorzugsweise zwei bis vier zweite Teilabschnitte L2. Durch die Anzahl zweiter Teilabschnitte L 2 kann Einfluss auf die Intensität und damit Effizienz der Gutzerkleinerung genommen werden, wobei im Umfangsbereich des Rotors ein Wirbelfeld mit weitgehend einheitlicher Zerkleinerungswirkung erzeugt wird.Advantageously, a grinding tool according to the invention has over its length a maximum of eight second sections L 2 , preferably two to four second sections L 2 . The number of second subsections L 2 makes it possible to influence the intensity and thus the efficiency of the comminution, with a vortex field having a largely uniform comminution effect being generated in the peripheral region of the rotor.
Durch eine geeignete Länge der radial wirksamen Kanten kann die Anzahl und damit Wirkung der Wirbel mit radial ausgerichteter Wirbelachse eingestellt werden. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung besitzt zu diesem Zweck die radial wirksame Kante eine maximale Länge, die der axialen Länge des angrenzenden zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 entspricht, und die vorzugsweise 30 % bis 60 % der axialen Länge des angrenzenden zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 beträgt. Gleichzeitig wird dadurch aber auch Einfluss auf den Verlauf des Gutstroms im Rotor genommen werden, da das Aufgabegut in den Bereichen der zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 infolge des größeren radialen Abstands von den Statorwerkzeugen konzentriert von einer Kammer zu einer benachbarten Kammer zwischen den Mahlwerkzeugen strömt. In Abhängigkeit von der Art des Aufgabeguts und der Art der Materialbearbeitung beträgt die Länge der radial wirksamen Kanten eines bevorzugten Mahlwerkzeugs beispielsweise mindestens 5 mm, mindestens 8 mm, mindestens 10 mm, mindestens 15 mm oder mindestens 20 mm.By a suitable length of the radially effective edges, the number and thus effect of the vortex can be adjusted with radially oriented vortex axis. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention for this purpose, the radially effective edge has a maximum length corresponding to the axial length of the adjacent second portion L 2 , and which is preferably 30% to 60% of the axial length of the adjacent second section L 2 . At the same time, however, this will also influence the course of the material flow in the rotor, since the feed material in the regions of the second sections L 2 flows concentrated from one chamber to an adjacent chamber between the grinding tools due to the greater radial distance from the stator tools. Depending on the nature of the feed material and the type of material processing, the length of the radially active edges of a preferred grinding tool is for example at least 5 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm or at least 20 mm.
Die zurückversetzten zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 der axial wirksamen Kanten führen also zu einem Materialfluss innerhalb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei dem größere Partikel im Bereich dieser zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 von einer zwischen zwei benachbarten Mahlwerkzeugen im Rotor gebildeten Kammer in eine nachfolgende Kammer strömen, um dort weiter zerkleinert zu werden. Hingegen werden bereits ausreichend gefeinte Gutpartikel vom Luftstrom in der vorauseilenden Wirbelkammer mitgerissen und aus der Vorrichtung abgezogen. Diese Bearbeitungsart hat neben einer äußerst effizienten Gutzerkleinerung den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass das zerkleinerte Gut im Hinblick auf Form und Größe der einzelnen Gutpartikel innerhalb enger Grenzen sehr einheitlich ist, so dass auch hohe Anforderungen an die Qualität des Endprodukts erfüllt werden.The recessed second sections L 2 of the axially active edges thus lead to a material flow within a device according to the invention, in which larger particles in the region of these second sections L 2 flow from a chamber formed between two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor chamber in a subsequent chamber to continue there to be crushed. On the other hand, sufficiently clean good particles are already entrained by the air flow in the vortexing vortex chamber and withdrawn from the device. This type of processing has, in addition to an extremely efficient comminution, the additional advantage that the comminuted product is very uniform in terms of shape and size of the individual good particles within narrow limits, so that high quality requirements of the final product are met.
Dabei können die wirksamen Kanten des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 bzw. der zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 zweier im Rotor benachbarter Mahlwerkzeuge den gleichen radialen Abstand R2 zur Rotationsachse aufweisen oder aber auch einen unterschiedlichen radialen Abstand. Ist beispielsweise der radiale Abstand R2 des in Rotationsrichtung vorauseilenden Teilabschnitts L2 kleiner als der des nachfolgenden Teilabschnitts L2, so wird ein größerer Anteil des Aufgabeguts auf das nachfolgende Mahlwerkzeug treffen und dort zerkleinert werden. Auf diese Weise kann der Gutstrom und die Intensität der Zerkleinerung gesteuert werden.In this case, the effective edges of the second section L 2 and the second sections L 2 of two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor may have the same radial distance R 2 to the axis of rotation or else a different radial distance. If, for example, the radial distance R 2 of the partial section L 2 leading in the direction of rotation is smaller than that of the following section L 2 , then a larger proportion of the feed will strike the subsequent grinding tool and be comminuted there. In this way, the material flow and the intensity of the crushing can be controlled become.
Entsprechendes gilt bei unterschiedlichen axialen Längen der zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 zweier im Rotor benachbarter Mahlwerkzeuge. Auch hier wird bei einer größeren Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 eines vorauseilenden Mahlwerkzeugs im Vergleich zur kleineren Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 des nachfolgenden Mahlwerkzeugs ein größerer Anteil des Aufgabeguts auf das nachfolgende Mahlwerkzeug treffen und dort zerkleinert werden.The same applies to different axial lengths of the second sections L 2 of two adjacent in the rotor grinding tools. Again, with a greater length of the second portion L 2 of a leading grinding tool compared to the smaller length of the second portion L 2 of the subsequent grinding tool, a larger proportion of the feed material to meet the subsequent grinding tool and crushed there.
Dieser Effekt kann alternativ oder kumulativ zu den vorbeschriebenen Maßnahmen auch dadurch gesteuert werden, dass die zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 eines Mahlwerkzeugs gegenüber den zweiten Teilabschnitten L2 eines im Rotor benachbarten Mahlwerkzeugs einen axialen Versatz V aufweisen. Dadurch wird der Gutstrom durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung so gesteuert, dass das Aufgabegut bei seinem Weg von der Einlaufseite zur Auslaufseite des Rotors mehrere im Rotor zwischen den Mahlwerkzeugen gebildete Kammern sukzessive durchströmt. Die Kammern bildet auf diese Weise jeweils eine Bearbeitungsstufe, die vom Aufgabegut aufeinanderfolgend durchlaufen werden.This effect can alternatively or cumulatively to the measures described above also be controlled by the fact that the second sections L 2 of a grinding tool with respect to the second sections L 2 of an adjacent grinding tool in the rotor have an axial offset V. Characterized the product flow is controlled by a device according to the invention so that the feed material successively flows through a plurality of chambers formed in the rotor between the grinding tools on its way from the inlet side to the outlet side of the rotor. The chambers in this way each forms a processing stage, which are followed by the feed material in succession.
Soll zum Beispiel das Aufgabegut zur intensiven Zerkleinerung länger im Bereich der Mahlwerkzeuge gehalten werden, so kann der axiale Versatz V kleiner gewählt werden. In diesem Fall ist es möglich, dass ein Mahlwerkzeug über seine axiale Länge mehrere zweite Teilabschnitte L2 aufweist und das Aufgabegut eine größere Anzahl Kammern durchläuft. In diesem Sinne kann der Versatz V zweier in Rotationsrichtung benachbarter zweiter Teilabschnitte L2 bezogen auf deren Mitten beispielsweise mindestens der Summe aus der halben axialen Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 des vorauseilenden Mahlwerkzeugs und der halben axialen Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 des nachfolgenden Mahlwerkzeugs betragen, höchstvorzugsweise mindestens der Summe aus der axialen Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 des vorauseilenden Mahlwerkzeugs und der axialen Länge des zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 des nachfolgenden Mahlwerkzeugs.If, for example, the feed material for intensive comminution is to be kept longer in the area of the grinding tools, the axial offset V can be selected to be smaller. In this case, it is possible that a grinding tool over its axial length has a plurality of second sections L 2 and the feed passes through a larger number of chambers. In this sense, the offset V of two adjacent in the direction of rotation adjacent second sections L 2 relative to the centers, for example, at least the sum of half the axial length of the second section L 2 of the leading grinding tool and the half axial length of the second section L 2 of the subsequent grinding tool , most preferably at least the sum of the axial length of the second portion L 2 of the leading grinding tool and the axial length of the second portion L 2 of the subsequent grinding tool.
Bei einem größeren axialen Versatz, der beispielsweise mindestens der 3-fachen, mindestens der 4-fachen oder mindestens der 5-fachen Länge eines zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 entspricht, ergeben sich verhältnismäßige kurze Aufenthaltsdauern des Aufgabeguts im Bereich der Mahlwerkzeuge mit dem Vorteil einer hohen Maschinenleistung und eines geringen Wärmeeintrags in das Aufgabegut.With a larger axial offset corresponding, for example, at least 3 times, at least 4 times or at least 5 times the length of a second section L 2, there are proportionate short residence times of the feed material in the region of the grinding tools with the advantage of a high engine power and a low heat input into the feed.
Bei einem einheitlichen axialen Versatz aller zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 liegen die zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 auf einer Anzahl parallel verlaufender Schraubenlinien um die Rotorachse, wobei die Steigung der Schraubenlinien das Maß des axialen Versatzes bestimmt. Um die vorbeschriebenen Vorteile bei der Gutbearbeitung zu erzielen, verlaufen die Schraubenlinien vorzugsweise in einem Winkel ε zwischen 10 Grad und 50 Grad zu den Mantellinien des Rotors, höchstvorzugsweise in einem Winkel ε zwischen 20 Grad und 35 Grad.With a uniform axial offset of all second sections L 2 , the second sections L 2 are on a number of parallel helixes about the rotor axis, wherein the pitch of the helices determines the extent of the axial offset. In order to achieve the above-described advantages in good machining, the helices preferably extend at an angle ε between 10 degrees and 50 degrees to the generatrices of the rotor, most preferably at an angle ε between 20 degrees and 35 degrees.
Um wahlweise einen auf die Bewegung des Gutstroms fördernden oder rückhaltenden Effekt auszuüben, sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, dass die wirksamen Kanten der Mahlwerkzeuge in einem Winkel β zu den Mantellinien des Rotors verlaufen. Ist die auslaufseitige wirksame Kante des Mahlwerkzeugs in Rotationsrichtung geneigt (-β), so stellt sich ein rückhaltender Effekt mit längeren Aufenthaltsdauern des Aufgabeguts im Bereich der Mahlwerkzeuge ein, während bei einer entgegengesetzten Neigung (+β) der Gutstrom beschleunigt und damit die Aufenthaltsdauer verkürzt wird. Zu diesem Zweck bevoorzugte Winkel β betragen -5 Grad bis +5 Grad gegenüber einer Mantellinie des Rotors, vorzugsweise -3 Grad bis +3 Grad.In order to selectively exert an effect promoting or restraining the flow of the good flow, an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the effective edges of the grinding tools extend at an angle β to the generatrices of the rotor. If the outlet-side effective edge of the grinding tool is inclined in the direction of rotation (-β), then a restraining effect with longer residence times of the feed material in the area of the grinding tools, while at an opposite inclination (+ β) accelerates the flow of material and thus the residence time is shortened , For this purpose, preferred angles β are -5 degrees to +5 degrees with respect to a generatrix of the rotor, preferably -3 degrees to +3 degrees.
In einer darüber hinaus bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die wirksame Kante am einlaufseitigen und/oder auslaufseitigen Ende eines Mahlwerkzeugs von einem dritten Teilabschnitt L3 gebildet ist mit einem dritten radialen Abstand R3 von der Rotationsachse, wobei der erste radiale Abstand R1 des ersten Teilabschnitts L1 größer ist als der dritte radiale Abstand R3. Durch diese Maßnahme kann erreicht werden, dass die Gutpartikel im Einlaufbereich und/oder Auslaufbereich eine geringere Axialgeschwindigkeit besitzen und sich dort aufgrund der größeren Verweildauer gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rotors verteilen.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the effective edge at the inlet side and / or outlet end of a grinding tool is formed by a third portion L 3 with a third radial distance R 3 from the axis of rotation, wherein the first radial distance R 1st of the first section L 1 is greater than the third radial distance R 3 . By this measure it can be achieved that the good particles in the inlet region and / or outlet region have a lower axial velocity and There are evenly distributed over the circumference of the rotor because of the longer residence time.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform ist der dritte radiale Abstand R3 zweier im Rotor benachbarter Mahlwerkzeuge unterschiedlich groß. Besitzt dabei ein in Rotationsrichtung vorauseilendes Mahlwerkzeug einen dritten Teilabschnitt L3 mit kleinerem radialem Abstand R3 gegenüber dem radialen Abstand R3 eines dritten Teilabschnitts L3 eines nachfolgenden Mahlwerkzeugs, so wird ein größerer Anteil des Aufgabeguts auf das nachfolgende Mahlwerkzeug treffen und dort zerkleinert werden. Auf diese Weise kann der Gutstrom und die Intensität der Zerkleinerung gesteuert werden.In an advantageous development of this embodiment, the third radial distance R 3 of two adjacent grinding tools in the rotor is different in size. If a milling tool leading in the direction of rotation possesses a third section L 3 with a smaller radial distance R 3 than the radial distance R 3 of a third section L 3 of a subsequent grinding tool, then a larger portion of the feed will hit the subsequent grinding tool and be comminuted there. In this way, the crop flow and the intensity of the crushing can be controlled.
Ohne die Erfindung darauf zu beschränken wird die Erfindung nachstehend anhand in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, wobei weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung offenbar werden. Zur Erleichterung des Verständnisses der Erfindung werden dabei soweit möglich für gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Merkmale unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen gleichlautende Bezugszeichen verwendet.Without limiting the invention to the invention, the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing, wherein further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. To facilitate the understanding of the invention, the same reference numerals are used as far as possible for the same or functionally identical features of different embodiments.
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Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der inFig. 2 gezeigten Linie I - I,Fig. 1 a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention along the inFig. 2 shown line I - I, -
Fig. 2 einen Teilschnitt durch die inFig. 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung entlang der dortigen Linie II - II,Fig. 2 a partial section through the inFig. 1 shown device along the local line II - II, -
Fig. 3 in skizzenhafter Darstellung die von Statorwerkzeugen und Mahlwerkzeugen gebildeten Mahlzone der inFig. 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung mit Mahlwerkzeugen in einer ersten Ausführungsform, dieFig. 3 in a sketchy representation of the grinding zone formed by stator tools and grinding tools inFig. 1 illustrated apparatus with grinding tools in a first embodiment, the -
Fig. 4a - 4d Ansichten auf im Rotor benachbart zueinander angeordnete Mahlwerkzeuge in einer zweiten Ausführungsform, dieFig. 4a - 4d Views on in the rotor adjacent to each other grinding tools in a second embodiment, the -
Fig. 5a - 5d Ansichten auf im Rotor benachbart zueinander angeordnete Mahlwerkzeuge in einer dritten Ausführungsform,Fig. 5a - 5d Views on grinders arranged adjacent to one another in the rotor in a third embodiment, -
Fig. 6 eine Abwicklung des inFig. 4d gezeigten Rotorteilbereichs mit Darstellung der Gutströmung, undFig. 6 a settlement of the inFig. 4d shown rotor portion with representation of the flow, and -
Fig. 7 eine Ansicht zweier Mahlwerkzeuge mit geneigter Anordnung gegenüber einer Mantellinie des Rotors.Fig. 7 a view of two grinding tools with inclined arrangement opposite a generatrix of the rotor.
Die
Innerhalb des Gehäuses ist ein Rotor 11 mit einer zur Achse 7 koaxialen Antriebswelle 12 angeordnet. Die Antriebswelle 12 ist mit ihrem unteren Endabschnitt in einem unteren Lager 13 und mit ihrem gegenüberliegenden Endabschnitt in einem oberen Lager 14 drehbar gelagert. Das sich durch die Montageplatte 3 erstreckende Ende der Antriebswelle 12 trägt eine Mehrrillenscheibe 15, die über Antriebsriemen 16 mit der Mehrrillenscheibe 17 des Drehantriebs 4 gekoppelt ist.Within the housing, a
Ebenfalls innerhalb des Gehäuses 6 sitzt achssenkrecht auf der Antriebswelle 12 eine obere Tragscheibe 18 und in axialem Abstand dazu eine planparallele untere Tragscheibe 19, die mit der Antriebswelle 12 rotieren. An ihrem Umfang weisen die Tragscheiben 18 und 19 Positionsschlitze zur Aufnahme achsparallel verlaufender plattenförmiger Mahlwerkzeuge 20 auf, die sich auf diese Weise kranzartig über den Umfang des Rotors 11 verteilen und im Betrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung beispielsweise mit einer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit von etwa zwischen 100 m/sec und 180 m/sec je nach Produkt bewegen können. Der Winkelabstand der Mahlwerkzeuge 20 über den Umfang des Rotors 11 ist einheitlich und beträgt im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel drei Grad, kann aber auch vier Grad, fünf Grad, sechs Grad oder mehr betragen.Also located within the housing 6 axially on the
Der einlaufseitige Gehäuseabschnitt 8 bildet nach unten den stirnseitigen Gehäuseabschluss und besitzt im Bereich der Achse 7 eine konzentrische Eintrittsöffnung 21 für das Aufgabegut, die die Antriebswelle 12 in lichtem radialem Abstand umgibt. Über die axiale Dicke des eintragsseitigen Gehäuseabschnitts 8 entwickelt sich die Eintrittsöffnung 21 zu einer flachkegeligen Aufweitung, die auf diese Weise mit der unteren senkrechten Tragscheibe 19 einen Verteilerraum 22 bildet, der sich radial nach außen hin verjüngt und so für eine Beschleunigung des Aufgabeguts in diesem Bereich sorgt. Der auslaufseitige Gehäuseabschnitt 10 bildet den oberen stirnseitigen Gehäuseabschluss und beherbergt dort einen zur Achse 7 konzentrisch verlaufenden Ringkanal 23, der in einen tangential aus dem Gehäuseabschnitt 10 austretenden Gutauslauf 24 übergeht.The inlet-side housing portion 8 forms down the end-side housing closure and has in the region of the axis 7 a concentric inlet opening 21 for the feed material, which surrounds the
Der mittlere zylindrische Gehäuseabschnitt 9 beherbergt einen Stator, wozu an dem Gehäuseinnenumfang Statorwerkzeuge 35 angeordnet sind, die in ihrer Gesamtheit eine Prallbahn bilden und die mit den axial verlaufenden wirksamen Kanten der plattenförmigen Mahlwerkzeuge 20 des Rotors 11 einen Mahlspalt 36 einschließen (
Die Beschickung der Vorrichtung 1 mit Aufgabegut 37 erfolgt einlaufseitig über einen Zulaufkanal 38, durch welchen das Aufgabegut 37 als Gas-Feststoff-Gemisch über die Eintrittsöffnung 21 in das Gehäuseinnere gelangt und dort im Verteilerraum 22 nach Umlenkung in radialer Richtung zum Mahlspalt 36 hin beschleunigt wird. Im Mahlspalt 36 strömt das Aufgabegut 37 schraubenlinienförmig um die Achse 7 nach oben, während es zerkleinert wird. Das ausreichend gefeinte Gut gelangt schließlich in den Ringkanal 23, von wo es über den Gutauslauf 24 aus der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung abgezogen wird.The feed of the device 1 with
Zur Einflussnahme auf die Zerkleinerungswirkung der Mahlwerkzeuge 20 weist die wirksame Kante der Mahlwerkzeuge 20 einen besonderen Verlauf auf. Wie vor allem aus
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind die geometrischen Verhältnisse so gewählt, dass die Summe der Längen aller axial verlaufenden Teilabschnitte L1 etwa 75 % der gesamten axialen Länge L eines Mahlwerkzeugs 20 ausmacht. Das Verhältnis der aufsummierten Längen der ersten Teilabschnitte L1 zu den aufsummierten Längen der zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 beträgt etwa 3:1. Die axiale Länge eines einzelnen zweiten Teilabschnitts L2 entspricht etwa 15 % der gesamten axialen Länge L eines Mahlwerkzeugs 20. Die radiale Länge der in radialer Richtung wirksamen Kante 26 ist dabei maximal halb so groß wie die axiale Länge des anschließenden zweiten Teilabschnitts L2.In the present embodiment, the geometric relationships are selected so that the sum of the lengths of all axially extending sections L 1 makes up about 75% of the total axial length L of a grinding
Die
Den Mahlwerkzeugen 20.1, 20.2 und 20.3 gemäß der
Zusätzlich weisen die Mahlwerkzeugen 20.1, 20.2 und 20.3 im axialen Abstand zu dem einlaufseitigen dritten Teilabschnitt L3 einen (
Die weitere Ausführungsform gemäß der
Die zweiten Teilabschnitte L2 zweier benachbarter Mahlelemente 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 weisen einen einheitlichen axialen Versatz V in Richtung zur Auslaufseite auf, wodurch sich deren Anordnung auf schraubenförmig den Rotorumfang umlaufenden Linien 39 ergibt. Die Linien 39 schließen dabei mit einer Mantellinie 40 des Rotorumfangs einen Winkel ε ein, der im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 45 Grad beträgt.The second subsections L 2 of two adjacent
Die Strömung des Aufgabeguts im Bereich des Rotors 11 ist in
Gegenstand von
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die konkreten Merkmalskombinationen der einzelnen Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern umfasst auch Kombinationen von Merkmalen, die in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung offenbart sind.The invention is not limited to the specific feature combinations of the individual embodiments, but also includes combinations of features disclosed in different embodiments of the invention.
Claims (16)
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PL16174479T PL3106228T3 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2016-06-14 | Device and grinding tool for grinding dispensed products |
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DE102015007435.0A DE102015007435A1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2015-06-15 | Device and grinding tool for crushing feed |
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EP3106228A1 true EP3106228A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
EP3106228B1 EP3106228B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
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EP16174479.2A Active EP3106228B1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2016-06-14 | Device and grinding tool for grinding dispensed products |
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US (1) | US10625267B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3106228B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106238145B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2933068C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015007435A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2826773T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3106228T3 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201703860A (en) |
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CN107930772B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-10-18 | 乐山新天源太阳能科技有限公司 | Silicon material breaks up recovery system |
Citations (4)
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DE3543370A1 (en) | 1985-12-07 | 1987-06-11 | Jackering Altenburger Masch | MILL WITH SEVERAL GRINDINGS |
DE19723705C1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1999-01-28 | Pallmann Kg Maschf | Mill for products of different origins |
DE69513100T2 (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 2000-07-20 | Hosokawa Micron Corp., Osaka | Fine grinding plant |
US20080245914A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-10-09 | Fumao Yang | High Turbulence Mill and Bi-Negative Pressure Turbine Thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US3556420A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1971-01-19 | New Life Foundation | Apparatus for comminuting compost |
US5110059A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1992-05-05 | Titmas James A | Solid waste shredder |
DE4419510B4 (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 2008-07-03 | Hosokawa Alpine Ag | Bat for impact mills |
CA2286960C (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2004-11-23 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Gas flow-type chipping machine |
DK1551541T3 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2008-12-08 | Medic Tools Ag | Disposable mixing and homogenizing device |
CN104549647A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-29 | 杨松科 | Dual-rotor vertical-shaft crusher |
-
2015
- 2015-06-15 DE DE102015007435.0A patent/DE102015007435A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2016
- 2016-06-13 TW TW105118373A patent/TW201703860A/en unknown
- 2016-06-14 ES ES16174479T patent/ES2826773T3/en active Active
- 2016-06-14 EP EP16174479.2A patent/EP3106228B1/en active Active
- 2016-06-14 PL PL16174479T patent/PL3106228T3/en unknown
- 2016-06-15 US US15/182,917 patent/US10625267B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-15 CN CN201610417951.8A patent/CN106238145B/en active Active
- 2016-06-15 CA CA2933068A patent/CA2933068C/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3543370A1 (en) | 1985-12-07 | 1987-06-11 | Jackering Altenburger Masch | MILL WITH SEVERAL GRINDINGS |
DE69513100T2 (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 2000-07-20 | Hosokawa Micron Corp., Osaka | Fine grinding plant |
DE19723705C1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1999-01-28 | Pallmann Kg Maschf | Mill for products of different origins |
US20080245914A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-10-09 | Fumao Yang | High Turbulence Mill and Bi-Negative Pressure Turbine Thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201703860A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
CA2933068A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
CN106238145A (en) | 2016-12-21 |
PL3106228T3 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
ES2826773T3 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
US10625267B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
DE102015007435A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
CN106238145B (en) | 2019-06-14 |
US20160367996A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3106228B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
CA2933068C (en) | 2018-07-31 |
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