EP3103562B9 - Template - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- EP3103562B9 EP3103562B9 EP15171855.8A EP15171855A EP3103562B9 EP 3103562 B9 EP3103562 B9 EP 3103562B9 EP 15171855 A EP15171855 A EP 15171855A EP 3103562 B9 EP3103562 B9 EP 3103562B9
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- template
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- another
- strip
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
- B22D41/023—Apparatus used for making or repairing linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
- F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
Definitions
- the invention relates to a template, which has a frame-shaped or box-shaped, preferably downwardly slightly tapered, configuration with a circumferential wall and a box-like design also has a bottom for the production of molds or a wear layer in metallurgical vessels by drying a warmabbind , in the space between the wall of the vessel on the one hand and wall and possibly bottom of the template on the other hand filled, Rieselmasse.
- the liquid steel is first passed into a vessel designed as a tundish or distributor, which is provided with a heat-resistant lining.
- This cladding is applied by within the intermediate container a mold, called stencil, is attached, which leaves a small distance to the wall of the intermediate container, in which a dry Rieselmasse (wear mass) is given, which then sets by heating the stencil and solidifies.
- a mold called stencil
- Rieselmasse wear mass
- the object of the invention is to provide a way by which the heating without such additional equipment is feasible.
- the wall and, if present, the bottom of the template are each formed of a current-conducting, resistance-flow-heated material, wherein the wall and possibly ground each at the two furthest away points two power connection points to form each have a heating element and that in box-shaped configuration, the wall and the bottom are insulated from each other.
- the wall and / or the bottom can be advantageously formed exclusively of an electrically conductive, resistance-heated material in the flow of current.
- the two furthest points of the wall with the two power points are in turn adjacent to each other, but are isolated from each other, so that the current must take the "long way" through the wall and thus heated. The same applies to the ground.
- the conductor cross-section (of the individual portions) is lower than in a fully high wall, so that the power requirement is lower.
- the current is passed directly through the template and the template itself represents the "resistance wire", which formwork and heating energy production are combined in one component. Since thus no intermediate components or transmission media are used, which would worsen the overall efficiency by their partial efficiencies, it is an energetically particularly economical process, with the very high efficiencies of over 90% can be achieved.
- the slightly tapered design may have an obtuse interior angle, for example from 93 ° to 105 °, preferably approximately 98 °, between the peripheral wall and the bottom.
- At least the wall and the bottom of the template can each be formed from a metallic material, preferably from a heat-resistant stainless steel alloy, which has an electrical resistance that is advantageously high for resistance heating.
- the wall or the partial areas of the wall may each comprise plate elements and corner elements, wherein the settlement along the height has a uniform length, so that as uniform as possible heating along the longitudinal extent is given.
- the corner elements may consist of several layers of sheet metal and have the same total material thickness as the plate elements, so that a flexible corner design is given and the resistance values are unchanged there compared to the plate elements.
- the corner areas can thus accommodate expansion on heating and shrinkage on cooling.
- At least one corner element for a deflection of about 90 ° can be bent several times, which easily a corresponding deflection can be realized.
- At least one corner element in the region of its two outer edges each have a contact strip placed thereon on the surface, so that in this way a defined electrical connection is provided.
- the bottom of a plurality of juxtaposed, adjoining and complementary to the ground strip-shaped portions may exist, with adjacent strip-shaped portions are isolated from each other.
- the conductor cross section (of the individual subregions) is smaller than in the case of a single bottom part extending over the entire width of the bottom, so that the power requirement is lower.
- the width of the individual sections 15 cm to 50 cm, in particular about 30 cm, amount.
- adjacent strip-shaped portions may be interconnected by a screw with electrical insulation, so that a stable and releasable connection with standard fasteners is given.
- This may apply to the subregions of the wall and / or the floor in each case with each other, but also for the connection of portions of the soil with portions of the wall.
- the wall and / or the floor or at least one strip-shaped portion of wall and / or floor may be provided with at least one along the longitudinal extension of this portion arranged stiffening, which may be welded only at certain points.
- the power connection points of the wall as over the height of the wall reaching copper strips and / or the power connection points of the floor as over the width of the bottom reaching copper strips and / or the power connection points of the sub-areas than the height or Be formed width of the portions of the wall reaching copper strips.
- the wall and the floor or the partial areas of the wall and / or the partial areas of the floor can be connected to one another in series by suitable connecting elements connected to the power connection points in an electrically conductive manner.
- the wall and / or the floor can be flexibly connected to a central frame, so that expansion / shrinkage is possible with temperature changes without high stresses in the material of the template.
- the central frame preferably over a provided counterweight and / or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, be designed to be restoring, so that upon cooling, a corresponding provision is made.
- the stencil can be at least partially closed on the top side by a cover and / or a fan for circulating the air located in the interior of the stencil can be provided.
- the cover insulates the internal air, which also reduces heat losses and results in more uniform heating. The latter is also achieved by air circulation by means of a blower.
- an air exchange can be effected by the fan in the cooling phase, which shortens the cooling time
- the object underlying the invention is also achieved by a system with a template according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a wear layer in metallurgical vessels or molds by drying a warmabbindenden, in the space between the wall of the container on the one hand and wall and possibly ground the stencil on the other hand filled, trickle, the system comprises a connectable to a power supply, preferably thyristorized, current transformer for transforming the current into a small voltage, preferably protective extra-low voltage, to which the template is electrically connected.
- a power supply preferably thyristorized, current transformer for transforming the current into a small voltage, preferably protective extra-low voltage, to which the template is electrically connected.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of part of a template 1 according to the invention for the production of molds or a wear layer in metallurgical vessels by drying a warmabbindenden Rieselmasse.
- the partial area shown is slightly more than half of the approximately mirror-image in plan view 1 template.
- the symmetry axis AA is in Fig. 2 located.
- the template 1 in this case has a box-shaped, slightly tapered down configuration with a circumferential wall 2 and a bottom 3.
- the circumferential wall 2 consists of a plurality of superimposed, adjoining and complementary to the wall 2 circumferential strip-shaped portions 4, wherein adjacent strip-shaped portions 4 are isolated from each other.
- the subregions 4 of the wall 2 each comprise plate elements 5 and corner elements 6 along their longitudinal extent.
- corner elements 6 The design and construction of the corner elements 6 is in the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 shown in detail. As far as can be seen, the corner elements 6 consist of several layers of sheet metal 7, wherein the layers of sheet metal 7 together have the same material thickness as the plate elements 5. The corner element 6 is bent several times for a deflection of about 90 ° (see. 4 and FIG. 6 ).
- Corner elements 6 are likewise provided between the partial regions 4 of the wall 2 and the partial regions 4 of the bottom 3. These can consist of several layers of sheet metal 7, but they can also be like the plate elements 5 consist of a continuous solid material.
- the corner regions at which the respective corner elements 6 of the bottom edges and a corner element 6 of the wall meet, can be closed otherwise, for example by appropriately connected and current-carrying metal fabric or the like.
- a patch contact strip 8 made of copper is provided on the surface for a defined electrical connection.
- connection of adjoining subregions 4 is provided by a screw connection 9 with electrical insulation in the form of mutual flange bushes 10 and insulator plates 11 arranged between the abutting edges of the subregions 4 (cf. Fig. 9 and 10 ).
- the same also applies to the connections of plate elements 5 with each other or with corner elements 6.
- each corresponding angled edge portions at the abutting edges of the sections 4 and the plate elements 5 or the corner elements 6 are provided.
- the plate members 5 of the wall 2 transversely to the longitudinal extent, ie the current flow direction, this portion 4 arranged stiffeners 12.
- the subregions 4 of the wall 2 and the subregions 4 of the base 3 are connected to one another in series by suitable connecting elements 13 connected to power connection points 14 in an electrically conductive manner. This is for example in the FIGS. 1 to 3 as well as 7 and 8 recognizable.
- the first and last partial region 4 as seen in the direction of current flow, is connected in an electrically conductive manner at the beginning or at the end with connected connecting elements 15 to a power supply, not shown in the drawing, which may for example be a converter. This is in Fig. 1 shown.
- the current flow takes place via the first connecting element 15, which is connected via the power connection points 14 to a first plate element 5 in the uppermost row.
- the current flow continues via a first corner element 6, a front-side plate element 5 and a second corner element 6 into a further plate element 5 which runs parallel to the first plate element 5. Since the illustrated template 1 is designed to be mirror-symmetrical overall, it continues analogously.
- a connection is then made to the first plate element 5 of the bottom 3 and then to the second plate element 5 of the bottom 3. From here, a connection then takes place via the second Connecting element 15, which is connected to the end of the last plate element 5 of the bottom 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schablone, welche eine rahmenförmige oder kastenförmige, sich vorzugsweise nach unten leicht verjüngend ausgebildete, Ausgestaltung mit einer umlaufenden Wandung und bei kastenförmiger Ausgestaltung auch einen Boden aufweist, für die Erzeugung von Gießformen bzw. einer Verschleißschicht in metallurgischen Gefäßen durch Trocknung einer warmabbindenden, in den Zwischenraum zwischen Wandung des Gefäßes einerseits und Wandung sowie ggf. Boden der Schablone andererseits eingefüllten, Rieselmasse.The invention relates to a template, which has a frame-shaped or box-shaped, preferably downwardly slightly tapered, configuration with a circumferential wall and a box-like design also has a bottom for the production of molds or a wear layer in metallurgical vessels by drying a warmabbind , in the space between the wall of the vessel on the one hand and wall and possibly bottom of the template on the other hand filled, Rieselmasse.
Bei der Stahlherstellung wird der flüssige Stahl zunächst in ein als Zwischenbehälter (Tundish) oder Verteiler ausgebildetes Gefäß geleitet, das mit einer hitzefesten Verkleidung versehen ist. Diese Verkleidung wird aufgebracht, indem innerhalb des Zwischenbehälters eine Form, Schablone genannt, angebracht wird, welche einen geringen Abstand zu der Wandung des Zwischenbehälters freilässt, in den eine trockene Rieselmasse (Verschleißmasse) gegeben wird, die durch Erhitzung der Schablone dann abbindet und erstarrt. Ähnliches gilt auch für metallurgische Gießformen.In steelmaking, the liquid steel is first passed into a vessel designed as a tundish or distributor, which is provided with a heat-resistant lining. This cladding is applied by within the intermediate container a mold, called stencil, is attached, which leaves a small distance to the wall of the intermediate container, in which a dry Rieselmasse (wear mass) is given, which then sets by heating the stencil and solidifies. The same applies to metallurgical casting molds.
Aus der Praxis ist bekannt, dass die Erhitzung durch Heißluft, Brenner oder Infrarotstrahlung erfolgt, wofür entsprechende Gerätschaften benötigt und betrieben werden müssen.From practice it is known that the heating is done by hot air, burners or infrared radiation, for which appropriate equipment needs and must be operated.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Möglichkeit anzugeben, mit der die Erhitzung ohne solche zusätzlichen Gerätschaften realisierbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a way by which the heating without such additional equipment is feasible.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass zumindest die Wandung und sofern vorhanden auch der Boden der Schablone jeweils aus einem stromleitenden, bei Stromfluss widerstandsbeheizten Material gebildet sind, wobei Wandung und ggf. Boden jeweils an den zwei am weitesten voneinander entfernt liegenden Punkten zwei Stromanschlusspunkte zur Bildung jeweils eines Heizleiters aufweisen und dass bei kastenförmiger Ausgestaltung die Wandung und der Boden gegeneinander isoliert sind. Dabei kann die Wandung und/oder der Boden vorteilhafterweise ausschließlich aus einem stromleitenden, bei Stromfluss widerstandsbeheizten Material gebildet sein. Die beiden am weitesten voneinander entfernt liegenden Punkte der Wandung mit den zwei Stromanschlusspunkten grenzen wiederrum aneinander an, sind aber gegeneinander isoliert, so dass der Strom den "langen Weg" durch die Wandung nehmen muss und diese somit erhitzt. Gleiches gilt auch für den Boden.This object is achieved in that at least the wall and, if present, the bottom of the template are each formed of a current-conducting, resistance-flow-heated material, wherein the wall and possibly ground each at the two furthest away points two power connection points to form each have a heating element and that in box-shaped configuration, the wall and the bottom are insulated from each other. In this case, the wall and / or the bottom can be advantageously formed exclusively of an electrically conductive, resistance-heated material in the flow of current. The two furthest points of the wall with the two power points are in turn adjacent to each other, but are isolated from each other, so that the current must take the "long way" through the wall and thus heated. The same applies to the ground.
Dabei besteht die umlaufende Wandung aus mehreren übereinander angeordneten, aneinander anschließenden und sich zur Wandung ergänzenden umlaufenden streifenförmigen Teilbereichen, wobei aneinander angrenzende streifenförmige Teilbereiche gegeneinander isoliert sind. Hierdurch ist der Leiterquerschnitt (der einzelnen Teilbereiche) geringer als bei einer voll hohen Wandung, so dass der Strombedarf geringer ausfällt. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Höhe der einzelnen Teilbereiche 15 cm bis 50 cm, insbesondere ca. 30 cm, betragen.In this case, there is the circumferential wall of a plurality of superposed, adjoining and complementary to the wall circumferential strip-shaped portions, wherein adjacent strip-shaped portions are isolated from each other. As a result, the conductor cross-section (of the individual portions) is lower than in a fully high wall, so that the power requirement is lower. Advantageously, the height of the
Hierbei wird der Strom direkt durch die Schablone geleitet und die Schablone selbst stellt den "Widerstandsdraht" dar, wodurch Schalung und Heizenergieerzeugung in einem Bauteil kombiniert sind. Da somit keine Zwischenbauteile oder Übertragungsmedien verwendet werden, die durch ihre Teilwirkungsgrade den Gesamtwirkungsgrad verschlechtern würden, handelt es sich um ein energetisch besonders wirtschaftliches Verfahren, mit dem sehr hohe Wirkungsgrade von bis über 90 % erzielbar sind.Here, the current is passed directly through the template and the template itself represents the "resistance wire", which formwork and heating energy production are combined in one component. Since thus no intermediate components or transmission media are used, which would worsen the overall efficiency by their partial efficiencies, it is an energetically particularly economical process, with the very high efficiencies of over 90% can be achieved.
Auch können deutlich höhere Temperaturen als im Stand der Technik üblich realisiert werden, wobei die Maximaltemperatur im Prinzip nur noch durch die Werkstoffwahl der Schablone und der Isolatoren sowie die Stromversorgung begrenzt ist, wodurch in der Rieselmassentechnik zukünftig dann neue Bindersysteme einsetzbar sind.Significantly higher temperatures than usual in the prior art can be realized, the maximum temperature is limited in principle only by the choice of materials of the template and the insulators and the power supply, which in the future Rieselmassentechnik then new binder systems can be used.
Die leicht verjüngend ausgebildete Ausgestaltung, sofern sie vorgesehen ist, kann dabei einen stumpfen Innenwinkel, beispielsweise von 93° bis 105°, vorzugsweise ca. 98°, zwischen der umlaufenden Wandung und dem Boden aufweisen.The slightly tapered design, if provided, may have an obtuse interior angle, for example from 93 ° to 105 °, preferably approximately 98 °, between the peripheral wall and the bottom.
Erfindungsgemäß kann zumindest die Wandung und der Boden der Schablone jeweils aus einem metallischen Material, vorzugsweise aus einer warmfesten Edelstahllegierung, gebildet sein, welche einen für die Widerstandserhitzung vorteilhaft hohen elektrischen Widerstand hat.According to the invention, at least the wall and the bottom of the template can each be formed from a metallic material, preferably from a heat-resistant stainless steel alloy, which has an electrical resistance that is advantageously high for resistance heating.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kann die Wandung bzw. die Teilbereiche der Wandung jeweils Plattenelemente und Eckelemente umfassen, wobei die Abwicklung entlang der Höhe eine einheitliche Länge aufweist, so dass eine möglichst gleichmäßige Erhitzung entlang der Längserstreckung gegeben ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall or the partial areas of the wall may each comprise plate elements and corner elements, wherein the settlement along the height has a uniform length, so that as uniform as possible heating along the longitudinal extent is given.
Erfindungsgemäß können die Eckelemente aus mehreren Lagen Blech bestehen und insgesamt die gleiche Materialstärke haben wie die Plattenelemente, so dass eine flexible Eckengestaltung gegeben ist und die Widerstandswerte dort unverändert gegenüber den Plattenelementen sind. Die Eckbereiche können damit ein Ausdehnen beim Erhitzen und ein Schrumpfen beim Abkühlen aufnehmen.According to the invention, the corner elements may consist of several layers of sheet metal and have the same total material thickness as the plate elements, so that a flexible corner design is given and the resistance values are unchanged there compared to the plate elements. The corner areas can thus accommodate expansion on heating and shrinkage on cooling.
Vorzugsweise kann zumindest ein Eckelement für eine Umlenkung von ca. 90° mehrfach abgekantet sein, wodurch leicht eine entsprechende Umlenkung realisierbar ist.Preferably, at least one corner element for a deflection of about 90 ° can be bent several times, which easily a corresponding deflection can be realized.
Vorteilhafterweise kann zumindest ein Eckelement im Bereich seiner beiden Außenkanten jeweils einen dort auf die Oberfläche aufgesetzten Kontaktstreifen aufweisen, so dass hierdurch ein definierter elektrischer Anschluss gegeben ist.Advantageously, at least one corner element in the region of its two outer edges each have a contact strip placed thereon on the surface, so that in this way a defined electrical connection is provided.
Weiterhin kann auch der Boden aus mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten, aneinander anschließenden und sich zum Boden ergänzenden streifenförmigen Teilbereichen bestehen, wobei aneinander angrenzende streifenförmige Teilbereiche gegeneinander isoliert sind. Hierdurch ist der Leiterquerschnitt (der einzelnen Teilbereiche) geringer als bei einem über die gesamte Breite des Bodens reichenden einzelnen Bodenteil, so dass der Strombedarf geringer ausfällt. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Breite der einzelnen Teilbereiche 15 cm bis 50 cm, insbesondere ca. 30 cm, betragen.Furthermore, the bottom of a plurality of juxtaposed, adjoining and complementary to the ground strip-shaped portions may exist, with adjacent strip-shaped portions are isolated from each other. As a result, the conductor cross section (of the individual subregions) is smaller than in the case of a single bottom part extending over the entire width of the bottom, so that the power requirement is lower. Advantageously, can the width of the
Erfindungsgemäß können aneinander angrenzende streifenförmige Teilbereiche durch eine Verschraubung mit elektrischer Isolierung miteinander verbunden sein, so dass eine stabile und lösbare Verbindung mit Standard-Verbindungselemente gegeben ist. Dies kann für die Teilbereiche der Wandung und/oder des Bodens jeweils untereinander gelten, aber auch für die Verbindung von Teilbereichen des Bodens mit Teilbereichen der Wandung.According to the invention adjacent strip-shaped portions may be interconnected by a screw with electrical insulation, so that a stable and releasable connection with standard fasteners is given. This may apply to the subregions of the wall and / or the floor in each case with each other, but also for the connection of portions of the soil with portions of the wall.
Auch kann die Wandung und/oder der Boden bzw. zumindest ein streifenförmiger Teilbereich von Wandung und/oder Boden mit insbesondere quer zur Längserstreckung, d. h. zur Stromflussrichtung, dieses Teilbereiches angeordneten und entlang der Längserstreckung im Abstand zueinander vorgesehen Versteifungen versehen sein, die selbst bei einer Schweißbefestigung entlang der gesamten Länge aufgrund ihrer Ausrichtung keine Auswirkung auf die Widerstandserhitzung haben.Also, the wall and / or the floor or at least one strip-shaped portion of wall and / or floor with in particular transversely to the longitudinal extent, d. H. arranged to the current flow direction, this portion and provided along the longitudinal extent at a distance from each other provided stiffeners that have no effect on the resistance heating even with a welding attachment along the entire length due to their orientation.
Auch kann die Wandung und/oder der Boden bzw. zumindest ein streifenförmiger Teilbereich von Wandung und/oder Boden mit wenigstens einer längs der Längserstreckung dieses Teilbereiches angeordneten Versteifung versehen sein, wobei diese lediglich punktuell angeschweißt sein kann.Also, the wall and / or the floor or at least one strip-shaped portion of wall and / or floor may be provided with at least one along the longitudinal extension of this portion arranged stiffening, which may be welded only at certain points.
Für eine gute und über die Höhe gleichmäßige Stromeinkopplung können die Stromanschlusspunkte der Wandung als über die Höhe der Wandung reichende Kupferleisten und/oder die Stromanschlusspunkte des Bodens als über die Breite des Bodens reichende Kupferleisten und/oder die Stromanschlusspunkte der Teilbereiche als über die Höhe bzw. Breite der Teilbereiche der Wandung reichende Kupferleisten ausgebildet sein.For a good and uniform over the level of current coupling, the power connection points of the wall as over the height of the wall reaching copper strips and / or the power connection points of the floor as over the width of the bottom reaching copper strips and / or the power connection points of the sub-areas than the height or Be formed width of the portions of the wall reaching copper strips.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung können die Wandung und der Boden bzw. die Teilbereiche der Wandung und/oder die Teilbereiche des Bodens in Reihenschaltung durch geeignete, an den Stromanschlusspunkten angeschlossene Verbindungselemente elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sein.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall and the floor or the partial areas of the wall and / or the partial areas of the floor can be connected to one another in series by suitable connecting elements connected to the power connection points in an electrically conductive manner.
Vorzugsweise kann die Wandung und/oder der Boden flexibel mit einem zentralen Gestell verbunden sein, so dass ein Ausdehnen/Schrumpfen bei Temperaturveränderungen ohne hohe Spannungen im Material der Schablone möglich ist.Preferably, the wall and / or the floor can be flexibly connected to a central frame, so that expansion / shrinkage is possible with temperature changes without high stresses in the material of the template.
Dabei kann das zentrale Gestell, vorzugsweise über ein vorgesehenes Gegengewicht und/oder pneumatische oder hydraulische Zylinder, rückstellend ausgebildet sein, so dass beim Abkühlen eine entsprechende Rückstellung erfolgt.In this case, the central frame, preferably over a provided counterweight and / or pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, be designed to be restoring, so that upon cooling, a corresponding provision is made.
Vorzugsweise kann die Schablone oberseitig durch einen Deckel zumindest teilweise verschlossen sein und/oder es kann ein Gebläse zur Umwälzung der im Inneren der Schablone befindlichen Luft vorgesehen sein. Durch den Deckel wird die im inneren befindliche Luft isoliert, wodurch zudem Wärmeverluste reduziert werden und zudem eine gleichmäßigere Erhitzung resultiert. Letzteres wird auch durch eine Luftumwälzung mittels eines Gebläses erreicht. Zudem kann durch das Gebläse in der Abkühlphase auch ein Luftaustausch bewirkt werden, was die Abkühlzeit verkürztPreferably, the stencil can be at least partially closed on the top side by a cover and / or a fan for circulating the air located in the interior of the stencil can be provided. The cover insulates the internal air, which also reduces heat losses and results in more uniform heating. The latter is also achieved by air circulation by means of a blower. In addition, an air exchange can be effected by the fan in the cooling phase, which shortens the cooling time
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird zudem gelöst durch ein System mit einer Schablone nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für die Erzeugung einer Verschleißschicht in metallurgischen Gefäßen bzw. Gießformen durch Trocknung einer warmabbindenden, in den Zwischenraum zwischen Wandung des Behälters einerseits und Wandung sowie ggf. Boden der Schablone andererseits eingefüllten, Rieselmasse, wobei das System einen an eine Stromversorgung anschließbaren, vorzugsweise thyristorisierter, Stromumformer zur Umformung des Stroms in eine kleine Spannung, vorzugsweise Schutzkleinspannung, umfasst, an dem die Schablone elektrisch angeschlossen ist. Je nach Leistung des Stromumformers werden Temperaturen von ca. 450°C in 2 bis 5 min erreicht, und die Trocknung der warmabbindenden Rieselmasse erfolgt dann in ungefähr weiteren 5 min.The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a system with a template according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a wear layer in metallurgical vessels or molds by drying a warmabbindenden, in the space between the wall of the container on the one hand and wall and possibly ground the stencil on the other hand filled, trickle, the system comprises a connectable to a power supply, preferably thyristorized, current transformer for transforming the current into a small voltage, preferably protective extra-low voltage, to which the template is electrically connected. Depending on the capacity of the current transformer temperatures of about 450 ° C in 2 to 5 minutes are reached, and the drying of the hot-setting Rieselmasse then takes place in about another 5 min.
Im Folgenden wird ein in den Zeichnungen dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Teilbereichs einer erfindungsgemäßen Schablone,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- eine seitliche Außenansicht des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 4
- eine erste perspektivische Ansicht eines Eckelementes,
- Fig. 5
- eine zweite perspektivische Ansicht des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 4 , - Fig. 6
- eine seitliche Außenansicht des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 4 , - Fig. 7
- eine Innenansicht in Längsrichtung des Endbereichs des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 8
- eine Innenansicht in Längsrichtung des mittleren Bereichs des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 9
- das Detail "X" des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 7 und - Fig. 10
- das Detail "Y" des Gegenstands nach
Fig. 2 .
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a portion of a template according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a top view of the subject
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a lateral outside view of the subject
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 4
- a first perspective view of a corner element,
- Fig. 5
- a second perspective view of the article according to
Fig. 4 . - Fig. 6
- a lateral outside view of the subject
Fig. 4 . - Fig. 7
- an interior view in the longitudinal direction of the end portion of the article according to
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 8
- an interior view in the longitudinal direction of the central region of the article after
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 9
- the detail "X" of the object after
Fig. 7 and - Fig. 10
- the detail "Y" of the object after
Fig. 2 ,
In allen Figuren werden für gleiche bzw. gleichartige Bauteile übereinstimmende Bezugszeichen verwendet.In all figures the same reference numerals are used for identical or similar components.
Die Schablone 1 weist dabei eine kastenförmige, sich nach unten leicht verjüngend ausgebildete Ausgestaltung mit einer umlaufenden Wandung 2 und einem Boden 3 auf.The template 1 in this case has a box-shaped, slightly tapered down configuration with a
Wie auch aus
Die Ausgestaltung und der Aufbau der Eckelemente 6 ist in den
Zwischen den Teilbereichen 4 der Wandung 2 und den Teilbereichen 4 des Bodens 3 sind ebenfalls Eckelemente 6 vorgesehen. Diese können aus mehreren Lagen Blech 7 bestehen, sie können aber auch wie die Plattenelemente 5 aus einem durchgehenden massiven Material bestehen. Die Eckbereiche, an denen die jeweiligen Eckelemente 6 der Bodenkanten und ein Eckelement 6 der Wandung aufeinandertreffen, können anderweitig verschlossen werden, beispielsweise durch entsprechend angeschlossenes und stromdurchflossenes Metallgewebe oder derrgleichen.
Im Bereich der beiden Außenkanten jedes Eckelementes 6, die entsprechend der verjüngend ausgebildeten Ausgestaltung der Schablone 1 ebenfalls schräg ausgerichtet sind, ist auf der Oberfläche jeweils ein aufgesetzter Kontaktstreifen 8 aus Kupfer für einen definierten elektrischen Anschluss vorgesehen.In the region of the two outer edges of each
Wie in den
Dabei ist die Verbindung von aneinander angrenzenden Teilbereichen 4 durch eine Verschraubung 9 mit elektrischer Isolierung in Form von beiderseitigen Bundbuchsen 10 und zwischen den Stoßkanten der Teilbereiche 4 angeordneten Isolatorplatten 11 gegeben (vgl.
Wie in den
Die Teilbereiche 4 der Wandung 2 und die Teilbereiche 4 des Bodens 3 sind in Reihenschaltung durch geeignete, an Stromanschlusspunkten 14 angeschlossene Verbindungselemente 13 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden. Dies ist beispielsweise in den
Der in Stromflussrichtung gesehen jeweils erste und letzte Teilbereich 4 ist anfangs- bzw. endseitig mit angeschlossenen Verbindungselementen 15 elektrisch leitend mit einer in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Stromversorgung verbunden, die beispielsweise ein Umformer sein kann. Dies ist in
Insoweit erfolgt der Stromdurchfluss über das erste Verbindungselement 15, welches über den Stromanschlusspunkte 14 an einem ersten Plattenelement 5 in der obersten Reihe angeschlossen ist. Der Stromfluss geht weiter über ein erstes Eckelement 6, ein stirnseitiges Plattenelement 5 und ein zweites Eckelement 6 in ein weiteres Plattenelement 5, welche parallel zu dem ersten Plattenelement 5 verläuft. Da die dargestellte Schablone 1 insgesamt spiegelsymmetrisch ausgebildet ist, geht es analog weiter. Nachdem der Stromfluss durch den obersten Teilbereich 4 der Wandung 2 erfolgt ist geht er über ein Verbindungselement 13 weiter in den nächsttieferen Teilbereich 4 der Wandung 2, und so fort. Anschließend erfolgt dann eine Verbindung zu dem ersten Plattenelement 5 des Bodens 3 und danach zu dem zweiten Plattenelement 5 des Bodens 3. Von hier erfolgt dann eine Verbindung zurück über das zweite Verbindungselement 15, welches an dem Ende des letzten Plattenelements 5 des Bodens 3 angeschlossen ist.In that regard, the current flow takes place via the first connecting
Claims (16)
- Template (1), comprising a frame-shaped or box-shaped configuration, preferably tapering slightly downwards, with a circumferential wall (2), and, with the box-shaped configuration, also with a base (3), for the production of casting moulds or of a hard-facing layer in metallurgical vessels, by the drying of a heat-setting free-flowing mass filled into the intermediate space between the wall of the vessel on the one hand and the wall (2) and the base (3) respectively of the template (1) on the other, characterised in that at least the wall (2) and, if present, also the base (3) of the template (1) are formed from an electrically conductive material, which undergoes resistance heating when subjected to an electric current flow, wherein the wall (2) and floor (3) if applicable comprise in each case, at the two points most widely separated from one another, two electric current connection points (14), for the formation in each case of a heat conductor, and that, with the box-shaped configuration, the wall (2) and the base (3) are insulated from one another,
wherein the circumferential wall (2) consists of a plurality of circumferential strip-shaped part regions (4), arranged above one another and adjacent to one another, and supplementing the wall (2), wherein adjacent strip-shaped part regions (4) are insulated from one another,
and wherein the two points of the wall most widely separated from one another, with the two electric current connection points, are in turn adjacent to one another but insulated from one another, such that the current must take the "long way round" through the wall, and therefore heats it, with the same also applying to the base. - Template (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that at least the wall (2) and the floor (3) of the template (1) are formed in each case from a metallic material, preferably of a heat-resistant special steel alloy.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall (2) or the part regions (4) of the wall (2) respectively comprise in each case plate elements (5) and corner elements (6), wherein their extent along the height exhibits a unitary length.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the corner elements (6) consist of multiple layers of sheet (7) and overall have the same material thickness as the plate elements (5).
- Template (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the corner elements (6) are canted in a multiple manner such as to form a deflection of approximately 90°.
- Template (1) according to claim 3 to 5, characterised in that at least one corner element (6) comprises in the region of its two outer edges in each case a contact strip (8) located on the surface at that point.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the base (3) consists of a plurality of strip-shaped part regions (4), arranged next to one another and adjacent to one another and supplementing the base, wherein strip-shaped part regions (4) adjacent to one another are insulated from one another.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that strip-shaped part regions (4) adjacent to one another are connected to one another by a screw connection (9) with electrical insulation.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall (2) and/or the base (3) or, respectively, at least one strip-shaped part region (4) of the wall (2) and/or the base (3), are provided with bracing elements (12), preferably arranged transverse to the longitudinal extension of this part region (4) and provided at a distance from one another.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall (2) and/or the base (3), or, respectively, at least one strip-shaped part region (4) of the wall (2) and/or the base (3) are provided with at least one bracing element arranged along the longitudinal extension of this part region (4).
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electric current connection points (14) of the wall (2) are formed from copper strips extending over the height of the wall (2) and/or the electric current connection points of the base (3) are formed as contact strips (8), preferably copper strips, extending over the width of the base (3), and/or the electric current connection points (14) of the part regions (4) are formed as contact strips (8), preferably copper strips, extending over the height or width respectively of the part regions (4) of the wall (2).
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall (2) and the base (3), or the part regions (4) respectively of the wall (2) and/or the part regions (4) of the base (3) are electrically conductively connected to one another in series by suitable connection elements (13) connected to the electric current connection points (14).
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the wall (2) and/or the base (3) are flexibly connected to a central frame.
- Template (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the central frame is configured such as to be reset, preferably by means of a counterweight provided and/or by pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders.
- Template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the template (1) is at least partially closed on its upper side by a cover, and/or is provided with a blower fan for circulating the air present in the interior of the template (1).
- System with a template (1) according to any one of the preceding claims for producing a hard-facing layer in metallic vessels or casting moulds, by the drying of a heat-setting free-flowing mass filled into the intermediate space between the wall of the vessel on the one hand and the wall (2) and the base (3) respectively of the template (1) on the other, characterised in that the system comprises a current transformer, which can be connected to an electric current supply, for transforming the current into a low voltage, preferably a safety extra-low voltage, to which the template (1) is electrically connected.
Priority Applications (2)
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ES15171855.8T ES2693246T3 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2015-06-12 | Template |
EP15171855.8A EP3103562B9 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2015-06-12 | Template |
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EP15171855.8A EP3103562B9 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2015-06-12 | Template |
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EP3103562A1 EP3103562A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
EP3103562B1 EP3103562B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
EP3103562B9 true EP3103562B9 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
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DE102017217098B3 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2018-04-05 | Wolfram Bach | Method and mold or core tool for making molds or cores |
DE202018106268U1 (en) | 2018-11-04 | 2018-11-28 | Wolfram Bach | Tool for producing molds or cores by electrical resistance heating of a plastic-based material |
DE102020209100B4 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2024-05-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Process for producing sand cores suitable for foundry purposes |
CN114734028A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Molten iron treatment ladle, matched moulding bed and ladle repairing method of molten iron treatment ladle |
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WO2002004381A1 (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-01-17 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Infrared heating method and apparatus for curing refractories |
US20040159988A1 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2004-08-19 | Kotyuk Mark D. | Adjustable form |
JP5262130B2 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2013-08-14 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Method for casting irregular refractory, and formwork apparatus used for this method |
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EP3103562A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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