EP3102891A1 - Wärmerückgewinnungskältemittelseparator eines ejektorzyklus - Google Patents
Wärmerückgewinnungskältemittelseparator eines ejektorzyklusInfo
- Publication number
- EP3102891A1 EP3102891A1 EP15703720.1A EP15703720A EP3102891A1 EP 3102891 A1 EP3102891 A1 EP 3102891A1 EP 15703720 A EP15703720 A EP 15703720A EP 3102891 A1 EP3102891 A1 EP 3102891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- outlet
- compressor
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/006—Accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
- F25B2341/0012—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at high pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to refrigeration. More particularly, it relates to ejector refrigeration systems.
- FIG. 2 shows one basic example of an ejector refrigeration system 20 drawn from US Patent Application Publication 2013/0111934 (the '934 publication) the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herein as is set forth at length.
- the system includes a compressor 22 having an inlet (suction port) 24 and an outlet (discharge port) 26.
- the compressor and other system components are positioned along a refrigerant circuit or flowpath 27 and connected via various conduits (lines).
- a discharge line 28 extends from the outlet 26 to the inlet 32 of a heat exchanger (a heat rejection heat exchanger in a normal mode of system operation (e.g., a condenser or gas cooler) 30.
- a line 36 extends from the outlet 34 of the heat rejection heat exchanger 30 to a primary inlet (liquid or supercritical or two-phase inlet) 40 of an ejector 38.
- the ejector 38 also has a secondary inlet (saturated or superheated vapor or two-phase inlet) 42 and an outlet 44.
- a line 46 extends from the ejector outlet 44 to an inlet 50 of a separator 48.
- the separator has a liquid outlet 52 and a gas outlet 54.
- a suction line 56 extends from the gas outlet 54 to the compressor suction port 24.
- the lines 28, 36, 46, 56, and components therebetween define a primary loop 60 of the refrigerant circuit 27.
- a secondary loop 62 of the refrigerant circuit 27 includes a heat exchanger 64 (in a normal operational mode being a heat absorption heat exchanger (e.g., evaporator)).
- the evaporator 64 includes an inlet 66 and an outlet 68 along the secondary loop 62 and expansion device 70 is positioned in a line 72 which extends between the separator liquid outlet 52 and the evaporator inlet 66.
- An ejector secondary inlet line 74 extends from the evaporator outlet 68 to the ejector secondary inlet 42.
- gaseous refrigerant is drawn by the compressor 22 through the suction line 56 and inlet 24 and compressed and discharged from the discharge port 26 into the discharge line 28.
- the refrigerant loses/rejects heat to a heat transfer fluid (e.g., fan-forced air or water or other liquid). Cooled refrigerant exits the heat rejection heat exchanger via the outlet 34 and enters the ejector primary inlet 40 via the line 36.
- a heat transfer fluid e.g., fan-forced air or water or other liquid.
- the exemplary ejector 38 (FIG. 3) is formed as the combination of a motive (primary) nozzle 100 nested within an outer member 102.
- the primary inlet 40 is the inlet to the motive nozzle 100.
- the outlet 44 is the outlet of the outer member 102.
- the primary refrigerant flow 103 enters the inlet 40 and then passes into a convergent section 104 of the motive nozzle 100. It then passes through a throat section 106 and an expansion (divergent) section 108 through an outlet 110 of the motive nozzle 100.
- the motive nozzle 100 accelerates the flow 103 and decreases the pressure of the flow.
- the secondary inlet 42 forms an inlet of the outer member 102.
- the pressure reduction caused to the primary flow by the motive nozzle helps draw the secondary flow 112 into the outer member.
- the outer member includes a mixer having a convergent section 114 and an elongate throat or mixing section 116.
- the outer member also has a divergent section or diffuser 118 downstream of the elongate throat or mixing section 116.
- the motive nozzle outlet 110 is positioned within the secondary nozzle convergent section 114. As the flow 103 exits the outlet 110, it begins to mix with the flow 112 with further mixing occurring through the mixing section 116 which provides a mixing zone.
- the primary flow 103 may typically be supercritical upon entering the ejector and subcritical upon exiting the motive nozzle.
- the secondary flow 112 is gaseous (or a mixture of gas with a smaller amount of liquid) upon entering the secondary inlet port 42.
- the resulting combined flow 120 is a liquid/vapor mixture and decelerates and recovers pressure in the diffuser 118 while remaining a mixture.
- the flow 120 is separated back into the flows 103 and 112.
- the flow 103 passes as a gas through the compressor suction line as discussed above.
- the flow 112 passes as a liquid to the expansion valve 70.
- the flow 112 may be expanded by the valve 70 (e.g., to a low quality (two-phase with small amount of vapor)) and passed to the evaporator 64.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from a heat transfer fluid (e.g., from a fan-forced air flow or water or other liquid) and is discharged from the outlet 68 to the line 74 as the aforementioned gas.
- a heat transfer fluid e.g., from a fan-forced air flow or water or other liquid
- an ejector serves to recover pressure/work. Work recovered from the expansion process is used to compress the gaseous refrigerant prior to entering the compressor. Accordingly, the pressure ratio of the compressor (and thus the power consumption) may be reduced for a given desired evaporator pressure. The quality of refrigerant entering the evaporator may also be reduced. Thus, the refrigeration effect per unit mass flow may be increased (relative to the non-ejector system). The distribution of fluid entering the evaporator is improved (thereby improving evaporator performance). Because the evaporator does not directly feed the compressor, the evaporator is not required to produce superheated refrigerant outflow.
- the use of an ejector cycle may thus allow reduction or elimination of the superheated zone of the evaporator. This may allow the evaporator to operate in a two-phase state which provides a higher heat transfer performance (e.g., facilitating reduction in the evaporator size for a given capability).
- the exemplary ejector may be a fixed geometry ejector or may be a controllable ejector.
- FIG. 2 shows controllability provided by a needle valve 130 having a needle 132 and an actuator 134.
- the actuator 134 shifts a tip portion 136 of the needle into and out of the throat section 106 of the motive nozzle 100 to modulate flow through the motive nozzle and, in turn, the ejector overall.
- Exemplary actuators 134 are electric (e.g., solenoid or the like).
- the actuator 134 may be coupled to and controlled by a controller 140 which may receive user inputs from an input device 142 (e.g., switches, keyboard, or the like) and sensors (not shown).
- the controller 140 may be coupled to the actuator and other controllable system components (e.g., valves, the compressor motor, and the like) via control lines 144 (e.g., hardwired or wireless communication paths).
- the controller may include one or more:
- processors e.g., for storing program information for execution by the processor to perform the operational methods and for storing data used or generated by the program(s)); and hardware interface devices (e.g., ports) for interfacing with input/output devices and controllable system components.
- memory e.g., for storing program information for execution by the processor to perform the operational methods and for storing data used or generated by the program(s)
- hardware interface devices e.g., ports
- the system features a suction line heat exchanger 92 having a leg 94 (heat absorption leg) along the suction line between the separator gas outlet and the compressor inlet.
- the leg 94 is in heat exchange relationship with a leg 96 (heat rejection leg) in the heat rejection heat exchanger outlet line between the heat rejection heat exchanger outlet and the ejector primary inlet.
- One aspect of the disclosure involves a system comprising a compressor.
- a heat rejection heat exchanger is coupled to the compressor to receive refrigerant compressed by the compressor.
- a separator has: a vessel; an inlet coupled to the heat rejection heat exchanger to receive refrigerant; a first outlet in communication with a headspace of the vessel; and a second outlet in communication with a lower portion of the vessel.
- the system has means for transferring heat from refrigerant passing from a heat rejection heat exchanger to liquid refrigerant in the separator.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include an expansion device between the heat rejection heat exchanger and the separator inlet.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the expansion device being an ejector having: a primary inlet coupled to the heat rejection heat exchanger to receive refrigerant; a secondary inlet; and an outlet coupled to the separator inlet.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the ejector secondary inlet being coupled to receive refrigerant from the separator second outlet by an additional expansion device and the heat rejection heat exchanger.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the separator first outlet being coupled to a suction port of the compressor.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the expansion device being an expansion valve.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include a pump coupling the separator second outlet to an inlet of the heat absorption heat exchanger.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include a flowpath through the pump merging with a flowpath through the expansion valve at a junction upstream of the inlet of the heat absorption heat exchanger.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the separator first outlet being coupled to the compressor.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the separator first outlet being coupled to a suction port of the compressor. [0019] A further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the outlet being coupled to an interstage of the compressor.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the compressor being the high pressure stage of a two-stage system.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the separator being configured to: provide mainly liquid refrigerant to an expansion device upstream of the heat absorption heat exchanger; and provide mainly vapor refrigerant to the suction port of the compressor.
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the refrigerant comprises at least 50% carbon dioxide, by weight.
- Another aspect of the disclosure involves a method for operating the system comprising running the compressor in a first mode wherein: the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor; refrigerant received from the compressor by the heat rejection heat exchanger rejects heat in the heat rejection heat exchanger to produce initially cooled refrigerant; the initially cooled refrigerant passes through the expansion device; an outlet flow of refrigerant from the expansion device passes to the separator to separate said liquid refrigerant from refrigerant vapor; said heat is transferred from said refrigerant passing from the heat rejection heat exchanger to said liquid refrigerant.
- a refrigerant separator comprising: a vessel; an inlet; a first outlet in communication with a headspace of the vessel; a second outlet in communication with a lower portion of the vessel; and a heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger has: an inlet; an outlet; and a portion through the lower portion of the vessel
- a further embodiment may additionally and/or alternatively include the heat exchanger having an upstream spiral leg and a downstream straight leg.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first ejector refrigeration system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art ejector refrigeration system.
- FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view of an ejector
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second non-ejector refrigeration system.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third non-ejector refrigeration system.
- FIG. 6 is a partially schematic vertical sectional/cutaway view of a heat exchang separator.
- FIG. 7 is a partially schematic vertical sectional/cutaway view of another heat exchange separator.
- FIG. 8 is a partially schematic vertical sectional/cutaway view of another heat exchange separator.
- FIG. 9 is a partially schematic vertical sectional/cutaway view of another heat exchange separator.
- FIG. 1 shows an ejector cycle vapor compression (refrigeration) system 170.
- the system 170 may be made as a modification of the system 20 or of another system or as an original manufacture/configuration.
- like components which may be preserved from the system 20 are shown with like reference numerals. Operation may be similar to that of the system 20 except as discussed below with the controller 140 controlling operation responsive to inputs from various temperature sensors and pressure sensors.
- FIG. 1 embodiment replaces the FIG. 2 separator 48 and suction line heat exchanger 92 with a combined separator and heat exchanger 180 having a vessel 181.
- the heat exchanger 180 has a conventional main inlet 50 coupled to the line 46 from the ejector outlet 44.
- a conventional liquid outlet 52 and vapor outlet 54 are also provided.
- FIG. 1 further shows a surface 58 of a body of liquid refrigerant in the lower portion of the vessel 181 with vapor in a headspace thereabove.
- the unit 180 is in heat exchange relationship with refrigerant passing along the line 36 from the outlet 34 of the heat rejection heat exchanger 30 to the primary inlet 40 of the ejector.
- the heat exchanger portion of 180 is shown as 182 having a leg 184 extending between an inlet 186 and an outlet 188 in heat exchange relation with refrigerant in the unit interior.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor can be reduced if desired (thus extending the compressor system operating range).
- Feeding a suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) and/or compressor with small amount liquid are also expected to improve both SLHX and compressor efficiency.
- Exemplary refrigerant is delivered as 85-99% quality (vapor mass flow percentage), more narrowly, 90-98% or 94-98%).
- the power required for compression of a vapor increases which increased suction enthalpy.
- the refrigerant vapor is used to cool the motor. For example, in many compressors, the suction flow is first passed over the motor before entering the compression chamber (raising the temperature of refrigerant reaching the compression chamber).
- the motor By supplying a small amount of liquid in the vapor of the suction flow, the motor can be cooled while reducing the temperature increase of the refrigerant as it passes over the motor. Furthermore, some compressors are tolerant of small amounts of liquid entering the suction chamber. If the compression process is begun with some liquid, the refrigerant will remain cooler than it otherwise would, and less power is required for the compression process. This is especially beneficial with refrigerants that exhibit a large degree of heating during compression, such as C0 2 . The negative side of providing liquid refrigerant to the compressor is that the liquid is no longer available for producing cooling in the evaporator 64. The optimum choice of quality provided to line 56 is determined by the specific characteristics of the system to balance these considerations.
- a small amount of liquid refrigerant can also be used to improve the performance of a SLHX.
- SLHXs are typically of counter-flow design. The total heat transfer is limited by the fluid side that has the minimum product of flow rate and specific heat.
- the cold-side vapor is limiting.
- a small amount of liquid provided to the cold-side effectively increases its specific heat. Thus more heat may be transferred from the same SLHX, or conversely, for the same heat transfer a smaller heat exchanger may be used if a small amount of liquid is added to the vapor.
- the separator/heat exchanger 180 may have means for providing at least one of the 1-10% quality refrigerant to the heat absorption heat exchanger and the 90-99% quality refrigerant to at least one of the compressor and, at present, a suction line heat exchanger.
- the controller may control an operation in response to input from a plurality of sensors such as temperature sensors and pressure sensors.
- a first exemplary pair of these sensors 600 (self heat sensor) and 602 (regular sensor) is shown in the suction line 56 between the outlet 186 and the suction port 24 of FIG. 1.
- a second exemplary pair 604, 606 is shown along the line 74 downstream of the evaporator and upstream of the ejector secondary inlet in FIG. 1.
- An alternative method is to use the measured discharge superheat and, through known calibration of the compressor isotropic efficiency, have the controller determine the suction quality condition.
- a third variation involves a superheat sensor 614 (FIG. 1) within the compressor downstream of the motor.
- FIG. 4 shows use of the separator/heat exchanger 180 in an ejector-less system 300.
- An expansion device 330 (e.g., similar to the expansion device 70) replaces the ejector and has an inlet along the line 36 downstream of the heat exchanger 182 (e.g., the heat exchanger outlet 188 is coupled to the inlet of the expansion device 330 via an appropriate conduit).
- the outlet of the expansion device 330 feeds the inlet 66 of the heat rejection heat exchanger 64 flow from the outlet 68 of the heat rejection heat exchanger 64 passes to the separator/heat exchanger inlet 50.
- Liquid refrigerant from the outlet 52 is passed to the inlet 66 of the heat rejection heat exchanger via a conduit 310 defining a flowpath extending to a junction 312 with the line 36 and its flowpath.
- a pump 320 having an inlet 322 and an outlet 324 is located along the lines or conduit 310 so as to pump the liquid refrigerant to create an open loop flow via the line 310, through the heat rejection heat exchanger 64, and returning to the separator inlet 50.
- the exemplary pump 320 is a centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor.
- expansion valve 330 may be an electronic expansion valve (EXV) or may be a thermal expansion valve (TXV) controlled by superheat at inlet port of compressor at pipe 56.
- Pump 320 may be controlled in response to superheat of inlet port of compressor at pipe 56 or refrigerant liquid level 58 in the phase separator. For example, as long as superheat is less than a threshold such as 0.5°C, or refrigerant liquid level is at least at a threshold such as 3 ⁇ 4 of the separator height, the controller will run the pump to pump refrigerant liquid back to the evaporator.
- a threshold such as 0.5°C
- refrigerant liquid level is at least at a threshold such as 3 ⁇ 4 of the separator height
- FIG. 5 shows a second ejector-less system 400 utilizing the separator/heat exchanger 180.
- the discharge port 26B of the second stage connects to a discharge line to in turn feed a heat exchanger 420 before entering the heat exchanger 182 and feeding back into the inlet 50 of the separator/heat exchanger 180.
- an expansion device 430 is in the line between the heat exchanger 182 and the inlet 150.
- the exemplary expansion device 430 is a high pressure expansion valve such as an EXV.
- the high pressure expansion valve serves to convert supercritical refrigerant (e.g., C0 2 ) to a two-phase state.
- the refrigerant from the liquid outlet 52 passes through the expansion device 70 and the heat rejection heat exchanger 64 to return to the inlet 24 A of the low pressure compressor or stage 22A.
- a vapor line from the outlet line 54 may extend to the inlet 24B of the high pressure compressor or stage 22B.
- FIG. 5 shows an economizer valve 440 (allowing an economizer mode when open) and a one-way check valve 442 located between the outlet 54 and the inlet 24B to prevent reverse low pressure flow back into the separator/heat exchanger through the outlet 54.
- the outlet 26A of the first compressor or stage 22A is connected to a heat exchanger 450.
- the exemplary heat exchangers 420 and 450 are refrigerant-air heat exchangers integrated in a unit 452 where a fan (not shown) drives an airflow across the heat exchanger 420 then the heat exchanger 450 so as to reject heat to the environment. 420 is upstream along the airflow because it is desirable that this receive the coldest air to determine downstream conditions along the refrigerant flowpath.
- Alternative configurations may involve separate airflows across the two heat exchangers 420 and 450.
- a line from the outlet of the heat exchanger 450 extends back to a suction location of the high pressure compressor or stage 22B.
- flows may merge from the outlet 54 and the first stage to feed the second stage.
- FIG. 5 also shows a bypass 460 between the suction location of the first compressor and the suction location of the second compressor.
- the bypass line through which flow is controlled by a valve 470.
- the exemplary valve 470 is an unload bypass valve and is used to bypass refrigerant around the first stage compressor 22 A when the loading requirement is low (and the first stage is shut off).
- FIG. 6 shows one example of the heat exchanger as a twisted spiral tube heat exchanger 220 having an upstream spiral leg 222 extending downward and a downstream straight leg 224 extending upward within the spiral.
- FIG. 6 also shows various optional variations on the basic separator structure.
- the separator has an inlet tube 230 extending to an outlet end 232 to deliver refrigerant toward an interior sidewall surface of the vessel to be deflected with liquid descending into the accumulation in the lower portion 59 and thus avoid/limit foaming.
- Also well up in the headspace shown even higher than the outlet end 232 is the inlet end 242 of an outlet conduit 240.
- the exemplary outlet conduit 240 is a J-tube having a lower end portion or turn 244 near the bottom of the vessel, near the bottom of the lower end 244, the conduit includes an aperture or orifice 246 which serves as an oil pickup to entrain oil into vapor flow through the conduit 240.
- an upper extreme of the orifice is below a lower extreme of the outlet 52 so as to keep a level of any oil accumulation below the outlet 52 to limit/prevent oil flow out the outlet 52.
- An exemplary spacing of the outlet lower end above the orifice upper end is at least 2mm (e.g., 2mm to 10mm, or at least 5 mm).
- a lower extreme of the heat exchanger is above an upper extreme of the outlet 52 so as to keep the surface level 58 of liquid refrigerant sufficiently above the outlet 52 to limit/prevent vapor flow out the outlet 52 (e.g., the heat exchanger will not be able to boil off refrigerant below its lower end).
- An exemplary spacing of the heat exchanger lower end above the outlet upper end is at least 5mm (e.g., 5mm to 20mm, or at least 10 mm while still in a lower half or third or quarter or fifth of the vessel interior height).
- An alternative outlet location 52' at the bottom of the vessel is shown in broken lines.
- FIG. 7 shows an alternative variation otherwise similar to FIG. 6 but where the downstream leg 224' of the heat exchanger 220' is aside rather than within the spiral upstream leg 222'.
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative variation otherwise similar to FIG. 6 but where the upstream leg 222" and downstream leg 224" of the heat exchanger 220" are legs of a U-tube and the tube is finned to enhance heat transfer. Fins may be plate fins or one or more helical fins.
- FIG. 9 shows an alternative variation otherwise similar to FIG. 8 but where the U portion of the heat exchanger 220"' tube along its legs 222"', 224"' and base has a heli- enhanced deformed sidewall (e.g., double helix outward deformation shown).
- the system may be fabricated from conventional components using conventional techniques appropriate for the particular intended uses.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461936781P | 2014-02-06 | 2014-02-06 | |
PCT/US2015/014159 WO2015119903A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-03 | Ejector cycle heat recovery refrigerant separator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3102891A1 true EP3102891A1 (de) | 2016-12-14 |
Family
ID=52464625
Family Applications (1)
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EP15703720.1A Pending EP3102891A1 (de) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-02-03 | Wärmerückgewinnungskältemittelseparator eines ejektorzyklus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20170167767A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3102891A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105980792B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015119903A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2020211184A1 (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | 制冷*** |
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WO2015181980A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
CN107850356B (zh) * | 2015-07-01 | 2020-12-08 | 特灵空调***(中国)有限公司 | 具有液体分离器应用的热回收*** |
EP3436754B1 (de) | 2016-03-31 | 2020-02-12 | Carrier Corporation | Kältekreislauf |
CN106969558A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 美的集团股份有限公司 | 制冷***和制冷***的换热方法 |
EP3524904A1 (de) | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-14 | Carrier Corporation | Heissgas-bypass-energierückgewinnung |
US11835270B1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2023-12-05 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
DE102018216759A1 (de) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kältemittelakkumulator und Kältemaschine |
US11313594B1 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2022-04-26 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems for extended operation |
US11448434B1 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-09-20 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
US11384960B1 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2022-07-12 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
US11801731B1 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2023-10-31 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
CN110068180A (zh) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-30 | 西安交通大学 | 喷射器增效的混合工质节流制冷循环***及其工作方法 |
US11561033B1 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2023-01-24 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
CN110701810A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-17 | 中机国能炼化工程有限公司 | 一种引射增压双级串联过冷双温区制冷***及应用 |
US11752837B1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2023-09-12 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Processing vapor exhausted by thermal management systems |
US11879675B2 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2024-01-23 | Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc | Cooling system with flooded low side heat exchangers |
EP3862657A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-11 | Carrier Corporation | Kühlsystem mit mehreren wärmeabsorbierenden wärmetauschern |
US11561030B1 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2023-01-24 | Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. | Thermal management systems |
US11530844B2 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-12-20 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | System for supporting intermittent fast transient heat loads |
CN112880222B (zh) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-12-20 | 郑州大学 | 一种带发电功能的二氧化碳跨临界补气增焓*** |
CN113310243B (zh) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-06-03 | 西安交通大学 | 一种采用喷射器的混合工质低温制冷循环***和控制方法 |
CN114608215A (zh) * | 2022-05-14 | 2022-06-10 | 中国能源建设集团山西省电力勘测设计院有限公司 | 高能效的跨临界二氧化碳双级压缩冷热联供*** |
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US5245833A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1993-09-21 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Liquid over-feeding air conditioning system and method |
US5622055A (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1997-04-22 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Liquid over-feeding refrigeration system and method with integrated accumulator-expander-heat exchanger |
JPH1137589A (ja) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-02-12 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 吸収式冷凍装置 |
JP2006273049A (ja) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-12 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 車両用空調装置 |
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CN101952670B (zh) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-04-17 | 株式会社电装 | 喷射器式制冷循环装置 |
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DK2661591T3 (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2019-02-18 | Carrier Corp | EJEKTOR CYCLE |
JP5940778B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-08 | 2016-06-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 冷却装置 |
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2015
- 2015-02-03 CN CN201580007306.2A patent/CN105980792B/zh active Active
- 2015-02-03 WO PCT/US2015/014159 patent/WO2015119903A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-02-03 EP EP15703720.1A patent/EP3102891A1/de active Pending
- 2015-02-03 US US15/116,934 patent/US20170167767A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020211184A1 (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | 制冷*** |
US11578896B2 (en) | 2019-04-18 | 2023-02-14 | Qingdao Haier Air-Conditioning Electronic Co., Ltd | Refrigeration system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2015119903A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
US20170167767A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
CN105980792A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
CN105980792B (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
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