EP3082424B1 - Pediculicidal composition - Google Patents
Pediculicidal composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3082424B1 EP3082424B1 EP14878812.8A EP14878812A EP3082424B1 EP 3082424 B1 EP3082424 B1 EP 3082424B1 EP 14878812 A EP14878812 A EP 14878812A EP 3082424 B1 EP3082424 B1 EP 3082424B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- dipyridyl
- dimethyl
- weight
- pediculicidal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IKGXIBQEEMLURG-BKUODXTLSA-N rutin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@@H]1OC[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC=2C(C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3OC=2C=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=O)O1 IKGXIBQEEMLURG-BKUODXTLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2-[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2- Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 YWIVKILSMZOHHF-QJZPQSOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-urocanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-urocanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QNTNKSLOFHEFPK-UPTCCGCDSA-N ubiquinol-10 Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(C)=C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=C1OC QNTNKSLOFHEFPK-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010930 zeaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001775 zeaxanthin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043269 zeaxanthin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical class [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis.
- the invention relates to pediculicidal compositions and uses of the compositions.
- Head lice persist in developed and underdeveloped countries despite the availability of modern chemical insecticide treatments, public health education, and community based programs of lice eradication. The persistence of head lice is due to a combination of factors. Some lice control programs suffer logistical problems. Additionally, while shampoo formulations continue to retain widespread popularity, some chemical treatments are not entirely effective.
- compositions and methods have been used to treat a head lice infestation.
- lice and their eggs are mechanically removed with combs and killed with insecticides (known as pediculicides).
- pediculicides or pediculicidal compositions, are used to treat lice infestations and hence typically display both lousicidal and ovicidal activity.
- lindane and various pyrethroids have been used in conjunction with shampoos for treating head lice infestations.
- the use of these compositions and methods is not entirely effective in controlling head lice because some lice or their eggs (nits) often survive the treatment. Lice have also begun to develop resistance to current pediculicides and thus a new compound for killing lice and their eggs is desirable.
- US 2009/143419 discloses the use of metal chelates for inhibition of lice egg hatching.
- US 2006/140995 , EP 0 797 996 , US 2005/008714 and D. L. PEARLMAN, "A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide", PEDIATRICS, (20040901), vol. 114, no. 3, pp275-279, doi:10.1542/peds.2003-0666-F, ISSN 0031-4005 describe carrier compositions for use in anti-lice formulations.
- the invention relates to compositions and methods for treating human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis.
- the invention is directed to pediculicidal compositions and methods of use, as well as to uses of the compositions for treating infestation on a as defined in claims.
- the present invention provides a composition comprising 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; a carrier vehicle comprising an activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil; and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 1% by weight; wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from about 0.25% by weight to about 5% by weight.
- the composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl at a concentration from from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.25% to about 1%, or from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight.
- the carrier vehicle in the composition can be formulated as a solution, a gel, a cream, an ointment, a foam, a spray or an emulsion.
- the carrier vehicle may comprise water, the activating solvent system, and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more further surfactants, emulsifying agents, and an anti-oxidant.
- the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of acritamers, carbomers or pemulens.
- the thickening agent comprises a carbomer. More than one thickening agent can be used.
- the pH adjuster comprises a base such as, for example, trolamine (also known as triethanolamine). More than one pH adjuster can be used.
- the one or more further surfactants may be selected from a polysorbate.
- the surfactant may also act as an emulsifying agent, and more than one emulsifying agent may also be used.
- the anti-oxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). More than one anti-oxidant can be used.
- the pH adjuster may also have surfactant properties such as, for example, triethanolamine.
- the present invention provides a composition
- a composition comprising 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in an amount from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight; the benzyl alcohol in an amount from about 1% to about 3% by weight; mineral oil in an amount from about 20% to about 30% by weight; water in an amount from about 60% to about 90% by weight; carbomer in an amount from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight; trolamine in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight; and polysorbate 20 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight.
- the composition can be formulated as a lotion, a cream, an emulsion, a foam or a gel and may comprise about 0.74% by weight 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; and/or about 24% by weight mineral oil; and/or about 1% by weight polysorbate 20; and/or about 2% by weight benzyl alcohol.
- the composition comprises 2% by weight benzyl alcohol, 24% mineral oil, 1% polysorbate 20 and 0.74%, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- the composition exhibits a greater lousicidal activity than a similar composition that does not comprise 5,5'-dimethyl 2,2'-dipyridyl.
- the composition comprises 2% by weight benzyl alcohol, 24% mineral oil, 1% polysorbate 20 and 0.74%, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- the composition exhibits a greater ovicidal activity than a similar composition that does not comprise 5,5'-dimethyl 2,2'-dipyridyl.
- the disclosure provides an aqueous composition for topical application to a subject comprising by weight: 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; 24% mineral oil;, 2.00% benzyl alcohol, 0.15% Carbomer; 0.2% Trolamine; 1% polysorbate 20, 0.5% BHT and the balance purified water.
- Another embodiment relates to a composition for use in a method of treating a lice infestation, the method comprising topically applying to a host having a lice infestation an effective amount of a composition according to the various aspects and embodiments described herein.
- the method may kill lice and inhibit lice eggs from hatching; or may kill more lice and inhibit eggs from hatching relative to a vehicle composition comprising the same components except for 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- Another embodiment relates to a composition for use in methods of treating pest infestation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of the pediculicidal compositions disclosed herein.
- the invention provides a pediculicidal composition formulation.
- the pediculicidal composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; and a carrier vehicle comprising: water; an activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil; and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 1% by weight; wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight.
- an activating solvent system can provide for increases in the pediculicidal activity of the compositions disclosed herein.
- the amount of surfactant included in the compositions can have an unexpected effect on the pediculicidal activity of the compositions disclosed herein.
- particleicidal composition is used herein to refer to a composition with a metal chelating agent that exhibits ovicidal and lousicidal activity against lice eggs and lice, respectively.
- metal chelating agent refers to a compound comprising at least two heteroatoms able to simultaneously coordinate with a metal ion, at least one of the two heteroatoms being selected from nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and phosphorus, wherein the compound comprises at least one carbocyclic ring substituted with at least one heteroatom and/or with a substituent containing at least one heteroatom, or the compound comprises at least one heterocyclic ring containing at least one heteroatom, wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with at least one heteroatom and/or with a substituent containing at least one heteroatom.
- 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, or a pharmaceutically, veterinary or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof are used in the presently claimed composition as metal chelating agent.
- the pediculicidal composition comprises the metal chelating agent at a concentration preferably from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight, preferably between from about 0.25% to about 1% by weight.
- the composition comprises about 5%, 4.75%, 4.50%, 4.25%, 4.0%, 3.75%, 3.50%, 3.25%, 3.0%, 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25%, 2.0%, 1.75%, 1.50%, 1.25%, 1.0%, 0.75%, 0.50%, or about 0.25% concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- this component is present in a concentration of approximately 0.37% to about 0.9%, which range is inclusive of illustrative embodiments as described in the Examples (e.g., about 0.9%, 0.74%, 0.55%, 0.54%, 0.38%, and 0.37%).
- activating solvent system refers to a mixture having at least a solvent and a co-solvent. As described herein, and as illustrated in the Examples, some embodiments of the disclosure provide an activating solvent system that provides for superior enhancement of the lousicidal and ovicidal activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in a pediculicidal composition. It is of note that the pediculicidal composition is one that exhibits both ovicidal and lousicidal activity.
- An activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil provides for a composition that possesses unexpected ovicidal, lousicidal, and/or pediculicidal activity, as compared to similar compositions that lack one or more features of the activating solvent system.
- an activating solvent system that preserves both the alcohol and the hydrocarbon combines to produce the unexpected and beneficial improvements in ovicidal, lousicidal, and/or pediculicidal activity.
- the pediculicidal composition comprises an activating solvent system at a concentration preferably from about 2% to about 85% by weight, preferably between from about 2% to about 55% by weight, more preferably from between about 2% to about 35% by weight.
- the alcohol is benzyl alcohol.
- solvent refers to a liquid that is capable of dissolving the metal chelating agent.
- the solvent compries an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof.
- the pediculicidal composition comprises a solvent at a concentration from about 0.5% to about 35% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.
- co-solvent refers to a liquid that is miscible with the solvent.
- the co-solvent comprises mineral oil.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a co-solvent at a concentration from about 2% to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 2% to about 35% by weight.
- the solvent and co-solvent can be mixed with the metal chelating agent in any order.
- the metal chelating agent is dissolved by the solvent, followed by addition of the co-solvent.
- the metal chelating agent is dissolved in the co-solvent, followed by the addition of the solvent.
- the metal chelating agent is dissolved by a mixture of the solvent and co-solvent, or by the solvent and co-solvent being added to the metal chelating agent at about the same time.
- carrier vehicle refers to a solution, an emulsion, a gel, an ointment, a spray, a foam or a mixture thereof that may comprise water, the activating solvent system, and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20.
- the carrier vehicle may further include one or more agents selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more emulsifying agents, and an anti-oxidant, an emulsifier and an emulsion stabilizer or a mixture thereof.
- the carrier vehicle may be a clear, single-phase liquid, a water-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a mixed emulsion, a lotion, a cream, an aqueous gel, a non-aqueous gel, a hydrophobic ointment, a hydrophilic ointment, an aerosol spray, a non-aerosol spray, an aerosol foam, a non-aerosol foam or a mixture thereof.
- the carrier vehicle is an aqueous gel or lotion comprising water, an activating solvent system and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more emulsifying agents and an anti-oxidant, or a mixture thereof.
- the pediculicidal composition comprises a carrier vehicle having water at a concentration of about 15% to about 98% by weight, preferably from about 35% to about 95% by weight.
- thickening agent refers to a substance that is capable of changing the viscosity of the carrier vehicle.
- the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: agar, acrylic acid polymers and copolymers, alginates and salts and derivatives thereof, carrageenan, chitosan, cellulose derivatives, dextrin, gelatin, gum, gum derivatives, maltodextrin, pectin, polycarbophil, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide, poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and copolymers and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), pregelatinized starch, hyaluronan, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin or mixtures thereof.
- the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: agar, acritamers, carbomers , pemulens (amine salt, ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt of these polymers), propylene glycol alginate, kappa (sodium salt), iota (sodium salt), lambda, chitosan, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, gelatin, acacia, ceratonia, guar, tragacanth, xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl guar, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, maltodextrin, pectin, polycarbophil, polydextrose, PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 540, PEG 600, PEG 900, PEG 1000, PEG 1450
- the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: propylene glycol alginate, cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid polymers and copolymers or mixtures thereof.
- the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: propylene glycol alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, acritamers, carbomers, pemulens or mixtures thereof.
- the thickening agent is carbomer.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a thickening agent at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one thickening agent is used.
- emulsifying agent refers to a substance that acts as an emulsifier, an emulsion stabilizer or an additional surfactant.
- emulsifier refers to a substance that aids the dispersion of one liquid in another liquid.
- the preferred emulsifier includes, but is not limited to: glycerine, gum, laurate esters, lecithin, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene diols, polyvinyl carboxy polymer, polyol, triyglycerol ester, stearic acid, sorbitan stearate or mixtures thereof.
- the emulsifier is polyoxyl-40 stearate.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises an emulsifier at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one emulsifier may be used.
- emulsion stabilizer refers to a substance that aids in the stabilisation of an emulsion.
- the preferred emulsion stabilizer includes, but is not limited to: an alcohol, acetic acid, carbomer, gum palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, isostearic acid, stearic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- the preferred emulsion stabilizer is an alcohol. In a further embodiment, the preferred emulsion stabilizer is cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or a mixture thereof.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises an emulsion stabilizer at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 6% by weight.
- surfactant refers to an agent that lowers the surface tension between two liquids, for example between an aqueous solution and an oil.
- the surfactant comprises polysorbate 20.
- the surfactant also acts as an emulsifier.
- compositions that comprise about 1% w/w of surfactant. These effects may be beneficially observed with the combination of the surfactant with the activating solvent system; however is should be noted that a benefit may be seen with just the activating solvent system alone, or just the surfactant alone, although a composition comprising both components is preferred.
- pH adjuster refers to a substance that is capable of raising or lowering pH levels.
- the pH adjuster comprises a base.
- the pH adjuster includes, but is not limited to: bicarbonates, carbonates, amines, alkanolamines, hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, transition metal hydroxides or a mixture thereof.
- the pH adjuster includes, but is not limited to: potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
- the pH adjuster comprises triethanolamine.
- the pH adjuster can also be a surfactant, for example triethanolamine acts as a pH adjuster and a surfactant.
- the pH adjuster comprises an acid, an acid salt, or a mixture thereof.
- the pH adjuster comprises a buffer.
- the buffer includes, but is not limited to: a citrate/citric acid, acetate/acetic acid, phosphate/phosphoric acid, formate/formic acid, propionate/propionic acid, lactate/lactic acid, carbonate/carbonic acid, ammonium/ammonia, edentate/edetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a pH adjuster in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 3 to about 9, preferably in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 5 to about 9, more preferably in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 5 to about 7.5.
- the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a pH adjuster at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one pH adjuster is used.
- antioxidant refers to an agent that prevents the oxidative degradation of, or preserves, the other ingredients of the pediculicidal composition.
- the antioxidant may comprise, or may be selected from the group consisting of, amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles, (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g.
- ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, lycopene and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g.
- thioredoxin glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, ⁇ -linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (e.g.
- buthionine sulfoximines typically in very low tolerated doses (e.g. pmol to ⁇ mol/kg), and also chelating agents (e.g. ⁇ -hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), ⁇ -hydroxy acids (e.g.
- citric acid citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid
- humic acid bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and their derivatives
- unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives e.g. ⁇ -linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid
- folic acid and its derivatives ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and its derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g.
- vitamin E acetate
- vitamin A and derivatives vitamin A palmitate
- coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin rutinic acid and its derivatives, ⁇ -glucosylnitin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), nordihydroguaiacic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO 4 ), selenium and its derivatives (e.g.
- stilbenes and their derivatives e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide
- vitamin A vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B9 (folic acid)
- vitamin B12 vitamin C
- vitamin E selenium
- carotenes ⁇ -carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene
- zinc copper
- proanthocyanidins e.g. anthocyanidins, flavonols [e.g.
- catechins catechins, epicatechins, procyanidins], flavanones, flavonols
- nac n-acetylcysteine ⁇ -lipoic acid
- coenzyme Q10 ginkgo biloba
- green tea extract isothiocyanates (e.g. sulforaphane), phenols (e.g. caffeic acid, and ferulic acid), olive oil, sulfides/thiols (e.g.
- diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, and dithiolthiones diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, and dithiolthiones
- lycopenes and the derivatives (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of said active ingredients.
- the antioxidant may be selected from an antioxidant that is used in, or is approved for use in, pharmaceutical formulations. In some embodiments, the antioxidant may be selected from an antioxidant that is used, or is approved for use in a topical formulation. In the above embodiments, the antioxidant can be included up to, and including, the maximum allowable concentration that is approved for pharmaceutical applications and uses (e.g., topical application/use). In some embodiments the antioxidant can comprise, or be selected from the group consisting of, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, BHA, BHT, EDTA, olive oil, propyl gallate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, and tocopherol.
- the antioxidant is selected from BHA, BHT, or a mixture thereof. In further embodiments, the antioxidant is BHT.
- the total amount of antioxidants (one or more compounds) in the compositions, when present, can be in an amount of from about 0.001 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%.
- the concentration of the antioxidant may be determined by one of skill in the art, and can vary in relatively broad ranges such as, for example, about 0.001 wt.% to about 10%, such as about 0.001 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 1 wt.% or about 0.001 wt.% to about 0.1 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 0.01 wt.%.
- a pediculicidal composition that comprises BHT as an antioxidant may be present at a concentration ranging between about 0.001 wt.% to about 10%, such as about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% or about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or about 2 wt. %.
- more than one antioxidant may be used.
- the compounds of the invention may be in the form of pharmaceutically, veterinary or agriculturally acceptable salts.
- metal chelating agents and other compounds mentioned useful in the present invention can be obtained commercially from speciality chemical companies. Those not commercially available can be synthesized from commercially available starting materials using reactions known to those skilled in the art.
- Another aspect of the invention is providing a method of treating a human head lice infestation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a pediculicidal composition substantially as described herein below.
- a pediculicidal composition according to the present invention may be applied to the hair or skin of a subject in need thereof.
- the pediculicidal composition may be applied topically in the form of a solution, cream, emulsion, lotion, gel, spray, ointment or foam.
- the composition can be prepared as a medicament for preventing or treating lice infestation.
- embodiments provide for the use of the disclosed composition in a medicament that comprises one or more other active agents that may have ovicidal (kills eggs), lousicidal (kills lice), or pediculicidal (kills both eggs and lice) activity or efficacy.
- compositions described herein for use in the treatment of a pest infestation on a host.
- compositions for uses in the topical treatment of a lice infestation on a host kills lice.
- the use of the composition inhibits egg hatching.
- the use of the composition kills lice and inhibits egg hatching.
- the composition on the host kills more lice when compared to a vehicle composition that does not include 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, but otherwise includes the same components.
- administering and “administration” are used herein to mean any method which delivers the composition to a subject in such a manner as to provide the desired ovicidal, lousicidal or pediculicidal activity or efficacy.
- the administering may comprise contacting the subject (e.g., topical application) with the composition.
- the administering may comprise contacting or the application of the composition to the skin, hair, or both skin and hair of the subj ect.
- pediculicidal efficacy is used herein to refer to the ability of a composition with a metal chelating agent to treat a lice infestation and thus be effective in preventing lice eggs from hatching and effective to kill lice.
- an amount effective to or a “therapeutically effective amount” are used herein to refer to an amount of the pediculicidal composition sufficient to provide treatment or prevention of lice infestation in a human, or otherwise control an infestation.
- the effective amount of a pediculicidal composition may vary depending on the host and the type and level of infestation.
- the pediculicidal composition is applied to the scalp or into the hair of a person suffering from head lice infestation and is left on the treated person for a period of time. Preferably the period of time is about 10 minutes.
- the period of time is from about 10 minutes to about 120 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 50 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 40 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes.
- the pediculicidal composition is washed off the hair or scalp of a person with warm or cold water.
- the pediculicidal composition is for use in a regimen for the treatment of a disease, disorder or condition of the skin.
- the pediculicidal composition may be used in combination with a separate pharmaceutical dosage form.
- the pediculicidal composition of the invention may be used in combination with another lousicidal or ovicidal composition.
- Such compositions are known to those of skill in the art may include compositions such as compositions containing permethrin, malathion, ivermectin, spinosad or phenothrin and/or in combination with non-chemical head lice and nits treatments or the use of wet combing.
- Example 1 Manufacture of a pediculicidal composition (0.74% w/w formulation of Table 1)
- Purified water is added to the original vessel, stirred, transferred to the tank and mixed until homogenous using the propeller mixer.
- Trolamine is added and mixed until homogenous using the propeller mixer.
- the pH of the solution is measured while mixing, adjusted with additional trolamine to reach a pH of 6.5-7.5 and then mixed for a total of 60 minutes, after which time the pH is verified and adjusted to pH 6.5-7.5 with additional trolamine, if required.
- Table 1
- Example 2 Manufacture of a pediculicidal composition (0.74% formulation of Table 6 and Table 7)
- Oil phase 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, benzyl alcohol (solvent), mineral oil (co-solvent), and polysorbate 20 (surfactant) are added to a vessel and are mixed until a clear solution is obtained.
- the mixture can be heated to 50-60°C to facilitate the dissolution of the components.
- the clear solution is cooled to below 30°C.
- Water phase Purified water is added to a separate vessel and stirred. While stirring, carbomer (thickening agent) is added slowly. The stirring is continued until the carbomer is fully hydrated.
- Emulsification The water phase is stirred and the oil phase is added to the water phase. Stirring is continued to ensure the oil phase is uniformly dispersed in the water phase. Stirring is continued and trolamine is added. The mixture is stirred until homogenous. The pH of the mixture is in the range from 6.7 to 7.3.
- the eggs were subsequently washed for 1 minute with water ( ⁇ 37°C) before being placed at 31°C in a humid incubator and monitored over time for signs of development specifically of the eyes and through to subsequent hatching.
- results indicate that a 0.37% w/w formulation of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl can significantly supress egg hatching in head lice.
- results Out of a total of ten eggs treated with the formulation containing 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, two of the eggs developed, but only one of these eggs hatched. Overall, 90% of the eggs in the treatment arm failed to hatch. In the vehicle treated group, only one egg failed to develop, of the remaining eggs, 60% of the eggs actually hatched, and 30% developed into nymphs but did not hatch.
- compositions 07-08-04 and 11-08-14 are reference examples
- Octyldodecanol Solvent/co-solvent
- Each composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and the carrier vehicle comprising a solvent system containing a solvent and a co-solvent, water and other ingredients such as one or more emulsifying agents, a thickening agent and pH adjuster which together are formulated as a lotion, cream, foam or a gel.
- the pediculicidal efficacy was determined by measuring the ovicidal activity (Eggs/ % Hatch), and the lousicidal activity (Lice/ % Mortality) of each composition.
- a low percentage such as between 0% and about 10% of lice eggs hatching, indicates that a composition has good ovicidal activity.
- a high percentage of dead lice such as between about 85% and 100% mortality, indicates that a composition has good lousicidal activity.
- the compositions that exhibit good ovicidal activity and good lousicidal activity are pediculicidal compositions. The results of the pediculicidal efficacy study are shown in Table 5. Table 5.
- lousicidal activity is seen at the same concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (0.37% w/w) when the solvent system comprises benzyl alcohol and mineral oil (e.g., see Formula 11-08-13.
- This activity is further improved by increasing the concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl to 0.54 % w/w; (Formula 27-08-02) and 0.74 % w/w; (Formula 26-08-10) while maintaining the solvent system comprising benzyl alcohol and mineral oil.
- a similar vehicle lotion composition i.e., 0.0% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl composition - Formula 26-08-04
- the 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion compositions exhibit lousicidal activity when the solvent system comprises benzyl alcohol, as the solvent, and mineral oil, as the co-solvent.
- Example 5 Evaluating pediculicidal compositions against Pediculus humanus humanus
- compositions of the 5,858,383 patent must be applied to the host for more than four hours, preferably 8 hours.
- those formulations had little or no effect on the eggs as the formulations were considered to be acting through a suffocation method on the crawling stage of the lice lifecycle.
- the compositions of the current invention have a rapid (about 10 minutes) pharmacological effect due to the actions of the metal chelating agent, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- the compositions of the present invention are effective against both the lice and the eggs.
- composition and the concentration of the surfactant in the invention described here is shown to be important in the formulation insofar as it enhances the efficacy of the active compound, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl against the lice and eggs, rather than the surfactant alone having a lice killing effect per se. This is supported by poor activity of the vehicle formulations.
- Formulation code Components Lousicidal Efficacy / % Mortality 32-08-02 1% Polysorbate 20 96 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-10 5% Polysorbate 20 5 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-03 1% Polysorbate 20 100 2%BA 5%MO 0.55% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-11 5% Polysorbate 20 10 2%BA 5%MO 0.55% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 02-09-07 1% sodium laureth sulphate 32 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-di
- Table 7 shows the results of a study comparing the mortality rate of a formulation containing the metal chelating agent and an activating solvent system to a formulation where the metal chelating agent is absent.
- the 0.74% formulation of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl results in a 100% mortality rate, indicating that the composition has excellent lousicidal activity. This is in contrast to the vehicle treated group, where there was low (30%) lousicidal efficacy.
- This data is consistent with the previous examples which indicate that the composition and concentration of the carrier vehicle ingredients, notably the activating solvent system and surfactant compositions and concentrations, are important to optimise the efficacy of the active ingredient, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- composition 17-09-35 is a reference example
- Mineral Oil 24.00 24.00 Carbomer 0.20 0.20 Trolamine 0.2 0.2 Benzyl Alcohol 2.00 2.00 Polysorbate 20 1.00 1.00 Butylated Hydroxy Toluene 0.50 0.50
- Example 7 Evaluation of ex vivo ovicidal efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (abametapir) against Pediculus humanus capitis.
- This ex vivo study involved identifying subjects with an active head lice infestation (active being defined as the presence of at least 3 live lice and at least 10 undamaged eggs).
- active being defined as the presence of at least 3 live lice and at least 10 undamaged eggs.
- a minimum of 5 undamaged eggs were collected both pre and post treatment and their predicted viability assessed under a dissecting microscope before being incubated in a temperature and humidity controlled incubator (30°C and 60% RH) for 14 days to provide adequate time for the eggs to hatch. After 14 days eggs were assessed as either hatched, unhatched, or partially hatched. Results are presented in Table 10. Table 10.
- Table 10 contains data demonstrating a highly significant reduction in the number of eggs that hatched in the 0.74% abametapir treated eggs compared to the vehicle lotion.
- Abametapir reduced the hatch rate from 93.3% to 0% as compared to vehicle which reduced the hatch rate from 79.5% to 36.0%.
- This data clearly demonstrates that 100% of all eggs treated with abametapir failed to hatch.
- the absolute reduction in hatch rate for the abametapir arm was 92.9% (with a 95% confidence interval of 86.5 to 99.4) compared to an absolute reduction of 42.3% (95% confidence interval of 30.2 to 54.4) for the vehicle arm.
- the treatment difference in the absolute reduction of hatch rates (abametapir minus Vehicle) was 50.6% (p-value ⁇ 0.0001, with a 95% confidence interval of 36.9 to 64.3).
- Example 8 In vivo efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in treating a head lice Pediculus humanus capitis infestation.
- Example 9 In vivo efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in treating a head lice Pediculus humanus capitis infestation.
- the primary endpoint to the study was that proportion of index subjects (youngest member of the household with at least 3 live lice at the commencement of the study) who were lice free at all follow-up visits through day 14.
- the safety results demonstrated that a single application of abametapir 0.74% w/w was safe and well tolerated.
Description
- The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. In particular, the invention relates to pediculicidal compositions and uses of the compositions.
- Head lice persist in developed and underdeveloped countries despite the availability of modern chemical insecticide treatments, public health education, and community based programs of lice eradication. The persistence of head lice is due to a combination of factors. Some lice control programs suffer logistical problems. Additionally, while shampoo formulations continue to retain widespread popularity, some chemical treatments are not entirely effective.
- Various compositions and methods have been used to treat a head lice infestation. For example, lice and their eggs are mechanically removed with combs and killed with insecticides (known as pediculicides). Pediculicides, or pediculicidal compositions, are used to treat lice infestations and hence typically display both lousicidal and ovicidal activity. For example, lindane and various pyrethroids, have been used in conjunction with shampoos for treating head lice infestations. However, the use of these compositions and methods is not entirely effective in controlling head lice because some lice or their eggs (nits) often survive the treatment. Lice have also begun to develop resistance to current pediculicides and thus a new compound for killing lice and their eggs is desirable.
- Accordingly, there remains a need for pediculicidal compositions that are easy to use and are highly effective against lice and their eggs. The present invention addresses these unmet needs.
US 2009/143419 discloses the use of metal chelates for inhibition of lice egg hatching.US 2006/140995 ,EP 0 797 996 ,US 2005/008714 and D. L. PEARLMAN, "A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide", PEDIATRICS, (20040901), vol. 114, no. 3, pp275-279, doi:10.1542/peds.2003-0666-F, ISSN 0031-4005, describe carrier compositions for use in anti-lice formulations. - The invention relates to compositions and methods for treating human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis. In particular, the invention is directed to pediculicidal compositions and methods of use, as well as to uses of the compositions for treating infestation on a as defined in claims.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides a composition comprising 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; a carrier vehicle comprising an activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil; and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 1% by weight; wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from about 0.25% by weight to about 5% by weight.
- In some embodiments, the composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl at a concentration from from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.25% to about 1%, or from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments the carrier vehicle in the composition can be formulated as a solution, a gel, a cream, an ointment, a foam, a spray or an emulsion. In some embodiments, the carrier vehicle may comprise water, the activating solvent system, and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more further surfactants, emulsifying agents, and an anti-oxidant. In some embodiments, the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of acritamers, carbomers or pemulens. In some embodiments the thickening agent comprises a carbomer. More than one thickening agent can be used. In some embodiments the pH adjuster comprises a base such as, for example, trolamine (also known as triethanolamine). More than one pH adjuster can be used. In some embodiments the one or more further surfactants may be selected from a polysorbate. In some embodiments the surfactant may also act as an emulsifying agent, and more than one emulsifying agent may also be used. In some embodiments, the anti-oxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). More than one anti-oxidant can be used. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster may also have surfactant properties such as, for example, triethanolamine.
- In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in an amount from about 0.5% to about 1% by weight; the benzyl alcohol in an amount from about 1% to about 3% by weight; mineral oil in an amount from about 20% to about 30% by weight; water in an amount from about 60% to about 90% by weight; carbomer in an amount from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight; trolamine in an amount from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight; and polysorbate 20 in an amount from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight.
- In further embodiments of this aspect, the composition can be formulated as a lotion, a cream, an emulsion, a foam or a gel and may comprise about 0.74% by weight 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; and/or about 24% by weight mineral oil; and/or about 1% by weight polysorbate 20; and/or about 2% by weight benzyl alcohol.
- In some embodiments the composition comprises 2% by weight benzyl alcohol, 24% mineral oil, 1% polysorbate 20 and 0.74%, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl. The composition exhibits a greater lousicidal activity than a similar composition that does not comprise 5,5'-dimethyl 2,2'-dipyridyl.
- In further embodiments the composition comprises 2% by weight benzyl alcohol, 24% mineral oil, 1% polysorbate 20 and 0.74%, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl. The composition exhibits a greater ovicidal activity than a similar composition that does not comprise 5,5'-dimethyl 2,2'-dipyridyl.
- In another aspect, the disclosure provides an aqueous composition for topical application to a subject comprising by weight: 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; 24% mineral oil;, 2.00% benzyl alcohol, 0.15% Carbomer; 0.2% Trolamine; 1% polysorbate 20, 0.5% BHT and the balance purified water.
- Another embodiment relates to a composition for use in a method of treating a lice infestation, the method comprising topically applying to a host having a lice infestation an effective amount of a composition according to the various aspects and embodiments described herein. The method may kill lice and inhibit lice eggs from hatching; or may kill more lice and inhibit eggs from hatching relative to a vehicle composition comprising the same components except for 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- Another embodiment relates to a composition for use in methods of treating pest infestation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of the pediculicidal compositions disclosed herein.
- The disclosure provides for other aspects and embodiments that will be apparent in view of the description that follows.
- In an aspect, the invention provides a pediculicidal composition formulation. The pediculicidal composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; and a carrier vehicle comprising: water; an activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil; and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 1% by weight; wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight. The inventors have identified that an activating solvent system can provide for increases in the pediculicidal activity of the compositions disclosed herein. Further, the inventors have identified the amount of surfactant included in the compositions can have an unexpected effect on the pediculicidal activity of the compositions disclosed herein.
- The term "pediculicidal composition" is used herein to refer to a composition with a metal chelating agent that exhibits ovicidal and lousicidal activity against lice eggs and lice, respectively.
- The term "metal chelating agent" as used herein refers to a compound comprising at least two heteroatoms able to simultaneously coordinate with a metal ion, at least one of the two heteroatoms being selected from nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and phosphorus, wherein the compound comprises at least one carbocyclic ring substituted with at least one heteroatom and/or with a substituent containing at least one heteroatom, or the compound comprises at least one heterocyclic ring containing at least one heteroatom, wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with at least one heteroatom and/or with a substituent containing at least one heteroatom.
- 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, or a pharmaceutically, veterinary or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof are used in the presently claimed composition as metal chelating agent.
- In some embodiments, the pediculicidal composition comprises the metal chelating agent at a concentration preferably from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight, preferably between from about 0.25% to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments the composition comprises about 5%, 4.75%, 4.50%, 4.25%, 4.0%, 3.75%, 3.50%, 3.25%, 3.0%, 2.75%, 2.50%, 2.25%, 2.0%, 1.75%, 1.50%, 1.25%, 1.0%, 0.75%, 0.50%, or about 0.25% concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl. In specific embodiments, this component is present in a concentration of approximately 0.37% to about 0.9%, which range is inclusive of illustrative embodiments as described in the Examples (e.g., about 0.9%, 0.74%, 0.55%, 0.54%, 0.38%, and 0.37%).
- The term "activating solvent system" as used herein refers to a mixture having at least a solvent and a co-solvent. As described herein, and as illustrated in the Examples, some embodiments of the disclosure provide an activating solvent system that provides for superior enhancement of the lousicidal and ovicidal activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in a pediculicidal composition. It is of note that the pediculicidal composition is one that exhibits both ovicidal and lousicidal activity. An activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil provides for a composition that possesses unexpected ovicidal, lousicidal, and/or pediculicidal activity, as compared to similar compositions that lack one or more features of the activating solvent system. For example, an activating solvent system that preserves both the alcohol and the hydrocarbon combines to produce the unexpected and beneficial improvements in ovicidal, lousicidal, and/or pediculicidal activity.
- In some embodiments, the pediculicidal composition comprises an activating solvent system at a concentration preferably from about 2% to about 85% by weight, preferably between from about 2% to about 55% by weight, more preferably from between about 2% to about 35% by weight. In some embodiments the alcohol is benzyl alcohol.
- The term "solvent" as used herein refers to a liquid that is capable of dissolving the metal chelating agent. The solvent compries an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof.
- In some embodiments, the pediculicidal composition comprises a solvent at a concentration from about 0.5% to about 35% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.
- The term "co-solvent" as used herein refers to a liquid that is miscible with the solvent. The co-solvent comprises mineral oil.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a co-solvent at a concentration from about 2% to about 50% by weight, preferably from about 2% to about 35% by weight.
- The solvent and co-solvent can be mixed with the metal chelating agent in any order. For example, in some embodiments, the metal chelating agent is dissolved by the solvent, followed by addition of the co-solvent. In other embodiments the metal chelating agent is dissolved in the co-solvent, followed by the addition of the solvent. In yet other embodiments, the metal chelating agent is dissolved by a mixture of the solvent and co-solvent, or by the solvent and co-solvent being added to the metal chelating agent at about the same time.
- The term "carrier vehicle" as used herein refers to a solution, an emulsion, a gel, an ointment, a spray, a foam or a mixture thereof that may comprise water, the activating solvent system, and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20. The carrier vehicle may further include one or more agents selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more emulsifying agents, and an anti-oxidant, an emulsifier and an emulsion stabilizer or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the carrier vehicle may be a clear, single-phase liquid, a water-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a mixed emulsion, a lotion, a cream, an aqueous gel, a non-aqueous gel, a hydrophobic ointment, a hydrophilic ointment, an aerosol spray, a non-aerosol spray, an aerosol foam, a non-aerosol foam or a mixture thereof. In a further embodiment, the carrier vehicle is an aqueous gel or lotion comprising water, an activating solvent system and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, a pH adjuster, one or more emulsifying agents and an anti-oxidant, or a mixture thereof.
- In some embodiments, the pediculicidal composition comprises a carrier vehicle having water at a concentration of about 15% to about 98% by weight, preferably from about 35% to about 95% by weight.
- The term "thickening agent" as used herein refers to a substance that is capable of changing the viscosity of the carrier vehicle. In some embodiments, the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: agar, acrylic acid polymers and copolymers, alginates and salts and derivatives thereof, carrageenan, chitosan, cellulose derivatives, dextrin, gelatin, gum, gum derivatives, maltodextrin, pectin, polycarbophil, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide, poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and copolymers and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), pregelatinized starch, hyaluronan, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin or mixtures thereof.
- In further embodiments, the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: agar, acritamers, carbomers , pemulens (amine salt, ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt of these polymers), propylene glycol alginate, kappa (sodium salt), iota (sodium salt), lambda, chitosan, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, gelatin, acacia, ceratonia, guar, tragacanth, xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl guar, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, maltodextrin, pectin, polycarbophil, polydextrose, PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 540, PEG 600, PEG 900, PEG 1000, PEG 1450, PEG 1500, PEG 1540, PEG 2000, PEG 3000, PEG 3350, PEG 4000, PEG 4600, PEG 6000, PEG 8000, PEG 20000, PEG 35000, polyethylene oxide, poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) and copolymers and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, PVP K12, PVP K15, PVP K17, PVP K25, PVP K30, PVP K60, PVP K90 ,PVP K120, pregelatinized starch, hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin, trehalose or mixtures thereof.
- In yet another embodiment, the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: propylene glycol alginate, cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid polymers and copolymers or mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment, the preferred thickening agent includes, but is not limited to: propylene glycol alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, acritamers, carbomers, pemulens or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the thickening agent is carbomer.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a thickening agent at a concentration from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one thickening agent is used.
- The term "emulsifying agent" as used herein refers to a substance that acts as an emulsifier, an emulsion stabilizer or an additional surfactant. The term "emulsifier" as used herein refers to a substance that aids the dispersion of one liquid in another liquid. In some embodiments, the preferred emulsifier includes, but is not limited to: glycerine, gum, laurate esters, lecithin, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene diols, polyvinyl carboxy polymer, polyol, triyglycerol ester, stearic acid, sorbitan stearate or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is polyoxyl-40 stearate.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises an emulsifier at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one emulsifier may be used.
- The term "emulsion stabilizer" as used herein refers to a substance that aids in the stabilisation of an emulsion. In some embodiments, the preferred emulsion stabilizer includes, but is not limited to: an alcohol, acetic acid, carbomer, gum palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, isostearic acid, stearic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- In some embodiments, the preferred emulsion stabilizer is an alcohol. In a further embodiment, the preferred emulsion stabilizer is cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or a mixture thereof.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises an emulsion stabilizer at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 6% by weight.
- The term "surfactant" as used herein refers to an agent that lowers the surface tension between two liquids, for example between an aqueous solution and an oil. The surfactant comprises polysorbate 20. In some embodiments, the surfactant also acts as an emulsifier.
- Some of the illustrative embodiments provided in the Examples demonstrate an unexpected effect relating to compositions that comprise about 1% w/w of surfactant. These effects may be beneficially observed with the combination of the surfactant with the activating solvent system; however is should be noted that a benefit may be seen with just the activating solvent system alone, or just the surfactant alone, although a composition comprising both components is preferred.
- The term "pH adjuster" as used herein refers to a substance that is capable of raising or lowering pH levels. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster comprises a base. In a further embodiment, the pH adjuster includes, but is not limited to: bicarbonates, carbonates, amines, alkanolamines, hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, transition metal hydroxides or a mixture thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the pH adjuster includes, but is not limited to: potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. In another embodiment, the pH adjuster comprises triethanolamine. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster can also be a surfactant, for example triethanolamine acts as a pH adjuster and a surfactant.
- In some embodiments, the pH adjuster comprises an acid, an acid salt, or a mixture thereof.
- In some embodiments, the pH adjuster comprises a buffer. In a further embodiment the buffer includes, but is not limited to: a citrate/citric acid, acetate/acetic acid, phosphate/phosphoric acid, formate/formic acid, propionate/propionic acid, lactate/lactic acid, carbonate/carbonic acid, ammonium/ammonia, edentate/edetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a pH adjuster in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 3 to about 9, preferably in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 5 to about 9, more preferably in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the composition to a pH of between about 5 to about 7.5.
- In some embodiments, the preferred pediculicidal composition comprises a pH adjuster at a concentration from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight. In some embodiments, more than one pH adjuster is used.
- The term "anti-oxidant" as used herein refers to an agent that prevents the oxidative degradation of, or preserves, the other ingredients of the pediculicidal composition. The antioxidant may comprise, or may be selected from the group consisting of, amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles, (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa-, heptathionine sulfoximine), typically in very low tolerated doses (e.g. pmol to µmol/kg), and also chelating agents (e.g. α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and its derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutinic acid and its derivatives, α-glucosylnitin, ferulic acid, furfurylideneglucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), nordihydroguaiacic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnSO4), selenium and its derivatives (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide), vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, carotenes (β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene), zinc, copper, proanthocyanidins (e.g. anthocyanidins, flavonols [e.g. catechins, epicatechins, procyanidins], flavanones, flavonols), nac n-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, ginkgo biloba, green tea extract, isothiocyanates (e.g. sulforaphane), phenols (e.g. caffeic acid, and ferulic acid), olive oil, sulfides/thiols (e.g. diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, and dithiolthiones), lycopenes, and the derivatives (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of said active ingredients.
- In certain embodiments, the antioxidant may be selected from an antioxidant that is used in, or is approved for use in, pharmaceutical formulations. In some embodiments, the antioxidant may be selected from an antioxidant that is used, or is approved for use in a topical formulation. In the above embodiments, the antioxidant can be included up to, and including, the maximum allowable concentration that is approved for pharmaceutical applications and uses (e.g., topical application/use). In some embodiments the antioxidant can comprise, or be selected from the group consisting of, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, BHA, BHT, EDTA, olive oil, propyl gallate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, and tocopherol.
- In some embodiments, the antioxidant is selected from BHA, BHT, or a mixture thereof. In further embodiments, the antioxidant is BHT.
- The total amount of antioxidants (one or more compounds) in the compositions, when present, can be in an amount of from about 0.001 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, or about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%. The concentration of the antioxidant may be determined by one of skill in the art, and can vary in relatively broad ranges such as, for example, about 0.001 wt.% to about 10%, such as about 0.001 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 1 wt.% or about 0.001 wt.% to about 0.1 wt.%, or about 0.001 wt.% to about 0.01 wt.%.
- In another non-limiting embodiment, a pediculicidal composition that comprises BHT as an antioxidant, the BHT may be present at a concentration ranging between about 0.001 wt.% to about 10%, such as about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% or about 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or about 2 wt. %. In some embodiments, more than one antioxidant may be used.
- The compounds of the invention may be in the form of pharmaceutically, veterinary or agriculturally acceptable salts.
- A number of metal chelating agents and other compounds mentioned useful in the present invention can be obtained commercially from speciality chemical companies. Those not commercially available can be synthesized from commercially available starting materials using reactions known to those skilled in the art.
- Another aspect of the invention is providing a method of treating a human head lice infestation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a pediculicidal composition substantially as described herein below.
- In some embodiments, a pediculicidal composition according to the present invention may be applied to the hair or skin of a subject in need thereof. The pediculicidal composition may be applied topically in the form of a solution, cream, emulsion, lotion, gel, spray, ointment or foam. In some embodiments, the composition can be prepared as a medicament for preventing or treating lice infestation. As discussed herein, embodiments provide for the use of the disclosed composition in a medicament that comprises one or more other active agents that may have ovicidal (kills eggs), lousicidal (kills lice), or pediculicidal (kills both eggs and lice) activity or efficacy.
- Current invention also relate to the compositions described herein for use in the treatment of a pest infestation on a host. Also contemplated are the compositions for uses in the topical treatment of a lice infestation on a host. In some of the above embodiments, the use of the composition kills lice. In some of the above embodiments, the use of the composition inhibits egg hatching. In some of the above embodiments, the use of the composition kills lice and inhibits egg hatching. In these embodiments, the composition on the host kills more lice when compared to a vehicle composition that does not include 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, but otherwise includes the same components.
- The terms "administering" and "administration" are used herein to mean any method which delivers the composition to a subject in such a manner as to provide the desired ovicidal, lousicidal or pediculicidal activity or efficacy. The administering may comprise contacting the subject (e.g., topical application) with the composition. The administering may comprise contacting or the application of the composition to the skin, hair, or both skin and hair of the subj ect.
- The term "pediculicidal efficacy" is used herein to refer to the ability of a composition with a metal chelating agent to treat a lice infestation and thus be effective in preventing lice eggs from hatching and effective to kill lice.
- The terms "effective amount," "an amount effective to," or a "therapeutically effective amount" are used herein to refer to an amount of the pediculicidal composition sufficient to provide treatment or prevention of lice infestation in a human, or otherwise control an infestation. The effective amount of a pediculicidal composition may vary depending on the host and the type and level of infestation. In one embodiment, the pediculicidal composition is applied to the scalp or into the hair of a person suffering from head lice infestation and is left on the treated person for a period of time. Preferably the period of time is about 10 minutes. In embodiments the period of time is from about 10 minutes to about 120 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 50 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 40 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes. In a further embodiment, the pediculicidal composition is washed off the hair or scalp of a person with warm or cold water.
- In another embodiment, the pediculicidal composition is for use in a regimen for the treatment of a disease, disorder or condition of the skin. The pediculicidal composition may be used in combination with a separate pharmaceutical dosage form. In some embodiments for example, the pediculicidal composition of the invention may be used in combination with another lousicidal or ovicidal composition. Such compositions are known to those of skill in the art may include compositions such as compositions containing permethrin, malathion, ivermectin, spinosad or phenothrin and/or in combination with non-chemical head lice and nits treatments or the use of wet combing.
- Throughout this specification the word "comprise," or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising," will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
- The invention will hereinafter be described by way of the following non-limiting Examples.
- 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, benzyl alcohol (solvent), light mineral oil (co-solvent), Polysorbate 20 (surfactant) and BHT (anti-oxidant) are added to a vessel, heated to 55 ±2°C and mixed using a propeller mixer until completely dissolved. The clear solution is cooled to 35°C or less under propeller mixer. Carbopol 980 (thickening agent) is added and mixed until completely dispersed. The mixture is transferred into a tank.
- Purified water is added to the original vessel, stirred, transferred to the tank and mixed until homogenous using the propeller mixer. Trolamine is added and mixed until homogenous using the propeller mixer. The pH of the solution is measured while mixing, adjusted with additional trolamine to reach a pH of 6.5-7.5 and then mixed for a total of 60 minutes, after which time the pH is verified and adjusted to pH 6.5-7.5 with additional trolamine, if required.
Table 1. Formulation of 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion Material Quantity % w/w Quantity (kg) Function Oil phase 5,5'-dimethyl 2,2'-dipyridyl 0.74 0.296 Active ingredient Light mineral oil 24.00 9.6 co-solvent Benzyl Alcohol 2.00 0.8 solvent Polysorbate 20 1.00 0.4 surfactant Butylated hydroxytoluene 0.50 0.2 anti-oxidant Total oil phase 28.24 11.296 Aqueous phase Purified water USP 71.41 28.564 Carbopol 980 0.15 0.06 Thickening agent Trolamine 0.20 0.08 pH adjuster/surfactant Trolamine QS pH adjuster Total aqueous phase 71.76 28.784 Total 100.00 40.00 - Oil phase: 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, benzyl alcohol (solvent), mineral oil (co-solvent), and polysorbate 20 (surfactant) are added to a vessel and are mixed until a clear solution is obtained. The mixture can be heated to 50-60°C to facilitate the dissolution of the components. The clear solution is cooled to below 30°C.
- Water phase: Purified water is added to a separate vessel and stirred. While stirring, carbomer (thickening agent) is added slowly. The stirring is continued until the carbomer is fully hydrated.
- Emulsification: The water phase is stirred and the oil phase is added to the water phase. Stirring is continued to ensure the oil phase is uniformly dispersed in the water phase. Stirring is continued and trolamine is added. The mixture is stirred until homogenous. The pH of the mixture is in the range from 6.7 to 7.3.
- Gravid female lice were permitted to lay eggs over a 24 hour period. The eggs were counted, inspected under a light microscope and all eggs that appeared undamaged were allocated to one of two treatment groups. One group of 10 eggs was exposed to 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in a formulation (52-06-01), while the second group of 10 eggs was exposed to the formulation only (vehicle, 52-06-02) Table 2. The two formulations were as follows:
Table 2. Component 52-06-01 52-06-02 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 0.38% 0.00% Octyldodecanol 11.9% 12.0% Capric/Caprylic Triglycerides 37.7% 38.0% Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate (70%) 6.0% 6.0% Cetyl Alcohol 1.2% 1.2% Stearyl Alcohol 1.2% 1.2% Glyceryl Monostearate 1.2% 1.2% PEG-40 Stearate 2.4% 2.4% Water 36.8% 36.7% Benzyl Alcohol 0.99% 1.0% Butylated Hydroxy Toluene 0.098% 0.099% Potassium Dihydrogen phosphate 0.050% 0.050% Dipotassium Hydrogen phosphate 0.15% 0.15% - The protocol was as follows:
- Following a 10 minute exposure to either the 52-06-01 or 56-06-02 formulations the eggs were subsequently washed for 1 minute with water (~ 37°C) before being placed at 31°C in a humid incubator and monitored over time for signs of development specifically of the eyes and through to subsequent hatching.
- Results: The results (summarised in Table 3) indicate that a 0.37% w/w formulation of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl can significantly supress egg hatching in head lice. Out of a total of ten eggs treated with the formulation containing 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, two of the eggs developed, but only one of these eggs hatched. Overall, 90% of the eggs in the treatment arm failed to hatch. In the vehicle treated group, only one egg failed to develop, of the remaining eggs, 60% of the eggs actually hatched, and 30% developed into nymphs but did not hatch. This data shows that a formulation containing 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl with an activating solvent system and surfactant can significantly inhibit head lice eggs from hatching compared to vehicle.
Table 3. Day 1 of observation Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 eye development 0 eye development 9 no eye development Day 4 Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 hatched 4 eye development 1 eye development 6 no eye development 8 no eye development Day 5 Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 hatched 8 eye development 1 eye development 2 no eye development 8 no eye development Day 6 Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 hatched 9 eye development 1 eye development 1 no eye development 8 no eye development Day 7 Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 hatched 5 hatched 1 eye development 4 eye development 8 no eye development 1 no eye development Day 12 Treatment 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Vehicle Stage of development 1 hatched 6 hatched 1 eye development 3 eye development 8 no eye development 1 no eye development -
Table 4. 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl compositions (compositions 07-08-04 and 11-08-14 are reference examples) Component (Function) 07-08-04 11-08-14 11-08-13 27-08-02 26-08-10 26-08-04 Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (Metal chelating agent) 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.55 0.74 0.00 Octyldodecanol (Solvent/co-solvent) 12.00 12.00 - - - - Caprylic/capric Triglycerides (solvent/co-solvent) 17.50 17.50 - - - - Mineral Oil (Co-solvent) - - 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Cetyl Alcohol (Emulsion Stabilizer) 2.40 - - - - - Stearyl Alcohol (Emulsion Stabilizer) 2.40 - - - - - Carbomer 1342 (Thickening agent) - 1.00 - - - - Carbomer (Thickening agent) - - 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Triethanolamine (pH Adjuster) - 1.10 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 Glyceryl Monostearate (Emulsifier) 2.40 - - - - - Polyoxyl-40 Stearate (Emulsifier) 4.80 - - - - - Benzyl Alcohol (Solvent/preservative) 1.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Sodium laureth sulfate -70% (surfactant) 6.00 6.00 - - - - Polysorbate 20 (surfactant) - - 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Monobasic Potassium Phosphate (pH Adjuster) 0.04 - - - - - Dibasic Potassium Phosphate (pH Adjuster) 0.16 - - - - - Purified Water (Aqueous solvent) 50.93 57.03 90.98 90.80 90.61 91.35 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 - The above formulations (Table 4) were prepared and assessed for pediculicidal efficacy. Each composition comprises 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and the carrier vehicle comprising a solvent system containing a solvent and a co-solvent, water and other ingredients such as one or more emulsifying agents, a thickening agent and pH adjuster which together are formulated as a lotion, cream, foam or a gel. The pediculicidal efficacy was determined by measuring the ovicidal activity (Eggs/ % Hatch), and the lousicidal activity (Lice/ % Mortality) of each composition. A low percentage, such as between 0% and about 10% of lice eggs hatching, indicates that a composition has good ovicidal activity. A high percentage of dead lice, such as between about 85% and 100% mortality, indicates that a composition has good lousicidal activity. The compositions that exhibit good ovicidal activity and good lousicidal activity are pediculicidal compositions. The results of the pediculicidal efficacy study are shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl compositions as ovicides (Eggs/ % Hatch) and lousicides (Lice/ % Mortality) Product Eggs / %Hatch Lice / % Mortality (17hrs) 0.37% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion 2 1 Formula 07-08-04 0.9% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion Not determined 25 Formula 48-06-01 0.37% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion 0 11 Formula 11-08-14 0.37% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion 0 46 Formula 11-08-13 0.54% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion Not determined 99 Formula 27-08-02 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion Not determined 100 Formula 26-08-10 0% (Vehicle) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion Not determined 15 Formula 26-08-04 - The results demonstrate that 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl formulation is a good ovicide when it is in a lotion (Formula 07-08-04) (Formula 11-08-14 and Formula 11-08-13) composition at a concentration of 0.37% w/w. However, the lousicidal activity at this concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is poor in a solvent system that comprises octyldodecanol and caprylic/capric triglycerides. Significantly improved lousicidal activity is seen at the same concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (0.37% w/w) when the solvent system comprises benzyl alcohol and mineral oil (e.g., see Formula 11-08-13. This activity is further improved by increasing the concentration of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl to 0.54 % w/w; (Formula 27-08-02) and 0.74 % w/w; (Formula 26-08-10) while maintaining the solvent system comprising benzyl alcohol and mineral oil. A similar vehicle lotion composition (i.e., 0.0% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl composition - Formula 26-08-04) did not demonstrate any significant lousicidal activity, indicating that the solvent system per se is not contributing significantly to the efficacy of the pediculicidal compositions. The 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion compositions exhibit lousicidal activity when the solvent system comprises benzyl alcohol, as the solvent, and mineral oil, as the co-solvent. The results also show that the 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl lotion compositions of Formula 27-08-02 and Formula 26-08-10 that contain both mineral oil and benzyl alcohol in the solvent system exhibit lousicidal activity. The solvent system appears to activate the lousicidal activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl in the lotion compositions possibly through enhancing uptake of the compound by the target parasite and it can therefore be considered as an activating solvent system.
- In the development of an effective formulation to kill lice a number of formulations were tested, by varying the composition of the activating solvent system and other ingredients of the carrier vehicle. The results are provided in Table 6. Increasing the percentage of the surfactant polysorbate 20 from 1% (32-08-02) to 5% (32-08-10) resulted in a dramatic decrease in the lousicidal activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl. This is in contrast to the teachings of
United States Patent 5,858,383 , which suggests use of high concentrations of surfactants such as polysorbate 20 (10%) or triethanolamine (14.5%) for topical compositions for ectoparasite treatments in which an air impermeable composition is used for suffocating lice. Those treatments required that the compositions of the 5,858,383 patent must be applied to the host for more than four hours, preferably 8 hours. Moreover, those formulations had little or no effect on the eggs as the formulations were considered to be acting through a suffocation method on the crawling stage of the lice lifecycle. In contrast, the compositions of the current invention have a rapid (about 10 minutes) pharmacological effect due to the actions of the metal chelating agent, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl. Moreover, the compositions of the present invention are effective against both the lice and the eggs. Furthermore, the composition and the concentration of the surfactant in the invention described here is shown to be important in the formulation insofar as it enhances the efficacy of the active compound, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl against the lice and eggs, rather than the surfactant alone having a lice killing effect per se. This is supported by poor activity of the vehicle formulations. - The results further demonstrate that changing the surfactant from 1% polysorbate 20 to 1% sodium laureth sulphate resulted in a loss of lousicidal activity. It was also discovered that when additional solvents were evaluated there was a significant impact on the lousicidal activity. For example formulations containing no surfactant and different solvent systems, such as 5% Diisopropyl Adipate (02-09-09) or 5% Capric/capylic Triglyceride (02-09-10) and 5% Propylene Glycol Caprylate (13-09-14) were less active than the benzyl alcohol/mineral oil solvent system with surfactant (35-08-03), which is consistent with the results obtained in Example 4
Table 6. Assessment of the effects of varying components on lousicidal activity against Pediculus humanus humanus. (only compositions 32-08-02 and 35-08-03 are according to the invention) Formulation code Components Lousicidal Efficacy / % Mortality 32-08-02 1% Polysorbate 20 96 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-10 5% Polysorbate 20 5 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-03 1% Polysorbate 20 100 2%BA 5%MO 0.55% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 35-08-11 5% Polysorbate 20 10 2%BA 5%MO 0.55% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 02-09-07 1% sodium laureth sulphate 32 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 02-09-09 5% Diisopropyl Adipate 13 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 02-09-10 5% Capric/capylic Triglyceride 31 1% Phenoxyethanol 20% MO 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 13-09-14 5% Propylene Glycol Caprylate 10 2%BA 5% MO 0.55% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl "BA" = benzyl alcohol
"MO" = mineral oil - These results clearly demonstrate the major effect that changing surfactant percentage and composition had on lousicidal activity. This data supported the decision for a low surfactant concentration (1%) of polysorbate 20 in the preferred formulation. In addition, the above data also support the advantages of the benzyl alcohol/mineral oil combination as an activating solvent system to enhance the activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
-
Table 7. 0.74% w/w and 0% (Vehicle) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl compositions and lice efficacy data. (composition 17-09-13 is a reference example) Component 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 17-09-27 0% (Vehicle) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 17-09-13 Function Quantity (%w/w) Quantity (%w/w) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 0.74 - Metal chelating agent Benzyl Alcohol 2.00 2.00 S olvent/Preservative Mineral Oil 24.00 24.00 Co-solvent Carbomer 0.20 0.20 Thickening agent Trolamine 0.25 0.25 pH Adjuster/surfactant Polysorbate 20 1.00 1.00 surfactant Purified Water 71.81 72.55 Carrier/Aqueous solvent Total 100.00 100.00 Lousicidal Efficacy / % Mortality 100% 30% - Table 7 shows the results of a study comparing the mortality rate of a formulation containing the metal chelating agent and an activating solvent system to a formulation where the metal chelating agent is absent. The 0.74% formulation of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl results in a 100% mortality rate, indicating that the composition has excellent lousicidal activity. This is in contrast to the vehicle treated group, where there was low (30%) lousicidal efficacy. This data is consistent with the previous examples which indicate that the composition and concentration of the carrier vehicle ingredients, notably the activating solvent system and surfactant compositions and concentrations, are important to optimise the efficacy of the active ingredient, 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- This formulation including 0.5% BHT was also evaluated for its ovicidal activity. See Table 8.
Table 8. Evaluation of in vitro ovicidal efficacy of compositions against Pediculus humanus humanus comparing 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and 0% (Vehicle). (composition 17-09-35 is a reference example) Component 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 17-09-37 0% (Vehicle) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 17-09-35 Quantity Quantity 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 0.74 - Mineral Oil 24.00 24.00 Carbomer 0.20 0.20 Trolamine 0.2 0.2 Benzyl Alcohol 2.00 2.00 Polysorbate 20 1.00 1.00 Butylated Hydroxy Toluene 0.50 0.50 Purified Water 71.36 72.1 Total 100.00 100.00 Ovicidal Efficacy / % egg hatch 0 65% - The results shown in Table 8 indicate that 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl produces significant ovicidal activity compared to the vehicle formulation which is ineffective in preventing egg hatch. The lousicidal and ovicidal activity of this formulation support that it is a highly effective pediculicide, and further reinforce the beneficial effects of the activating solvent system in enhancing the activity of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- Example 7. Evaluation of ex vivo ovicidal efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl (abametapir) against Pediculus humanus capitis.
- The following formulation was used in the ex vivo study (Table 9).
(composition with 0 % vehicle is a reference example)Table 9. Component 0.74% w/w 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 0% (Vehicle) 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl Quantity Quantity 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl 0.74 - Mineral Oil 24.00 24.00 Carbomer 0.15 0.15 Trolamine 0.2 0.2 Benzyl Alcohol 2.00 2.00 Polysorbate 20 1.00 1.00 Butylated Hydroxy Toluene 0.50 0.50 Purified Water 71.41 72.15 Total 100.00 100.00 - In this study the formulation as listed in Table 9 containing 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, (abametapir), was evaluated in a double-blind, vehicle-controlled randomized clinical trial. The primary aim of the trial was to evaluate the ovicidal efficacy of a single application of abametapir lotion 0.74% w/w intended for the treatment of head lice. The primary end point was the proportion of hatched eggs pre-treatment relative to proportion of hatched eggs post-treatment for the formulation containing abametapir and vehicle treated eggs following a 14 day incubation.
- This ex vivo study involved identifying subjects with an active head lice infestation (active being defined as the presence of at least 3 live lice and at least 10 undamaged eggs). A minimum of 5 undamaged eggs were collected both pre and post treatment and their predicted viability assessed under a dissecting microscope before being incubated in a temperature and humidity controlled incubator (30°C and 60% RH) for 14 days to provide adequate time for the eggs to hatch. After 14 days eggs were assessed as either hatched, unhatched, or partially hatched. Results are presented in Table 10.
Table 10. 0.74% Abametapir lotion N=25 Vehicle Lotion N=25 Egg hatch Pre-treatment 93.3% (111/119 eggs) 79.5% (93/117 eggs) Egg hatch Post-treatment 0% (130/130 eggs)* 36% (49/136 eggs) Total absolute reduction in hatch rate (CI 95%) 92.9% 42.3% The treatment difference 50.6% p<0.0001 *Data demonstrates 100% ovicidal efficacy - Table 10 contains data demonstrating a highly significant reduction in the number of eggs that hatched in the 0.74% abametapir treated eggs compared to the vehicle lotion. Abametapir reduced the hatch rate from 93.3% to 0% as compared to vehicle which reduced the hatch rate from 79.5% to 36.0%. This data clearly demonstrates that 100% of all eggs treated with abametapir failed to hatch. Using a generalized estimating equation model to account for the correlation of eggs within subject, the absolute reduction in hatch rate for the abametapir arm was 92.9% (with a 95% confidence interval of 86.5 to 99.4) compared to an absolute reduction of 42.3% (95% confidence interval of 30.2 to 54.4) for the vehicle arm. The treatment difference in the absolute reduction of hatch rates (abametapir minus Vehicle) was 50.6% (p-value<0.0001, with a 95% confidence interval of 36.9 to 64.3).
- One hundred and forty two (142) pediatric and adult subjects, three (3) years of age or older, with an active head lice infestation were enrolled in the study. This study assessed the efficacy of a single application of 2 different dose levels (0.37% w/w and 0.74% w/w of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl) compared to a vehicle control. The formulations were prepared as described in Table 9. Subjects were treated for 10 minutes with a lotion containing one of two dose levels of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl or the vehicle lotion. After 10 minutes the lotion was rinsed out of the subjects hair with water and towel dried. At day 1, 7 and 14 post treatment the hair was examined for the presence of live lice. If any live lice were detected on any of the three visits the subject was deemed a treatment failure. The primary endpoint to the study was that proportion of subjects who were lice free at day 14. Results from this study indicated that both concentrations of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl demonstrated statistically significant and clinically relevant treatment success compared to the vehicle control group. The primary efficacy results showed that 67.4% of subjects in the 0.37% treatment group and 85.7% of subjects in the 0.74% treatment group had treatment success compared to 23.4% of subjects in the vehicle group (p<0.001). The safety results demonstrated that a single application of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl at two dose levels 0.37% w/w and 0.74% w/w was safe and well tolerated.
- A total of seven hundred and four (704) pediatric and adult subjects, six (6) months of age or older, with an active head lice infestation were enrolled in two separate Phase 3 studies. These studies assessed the efficacy of a single application of 0.74% w/w abametapir compared to a vehicle control (refer Table 9, above). Subjects were treated for 10 minutes with a lotion containing abametapir or the vehicle lotion alone. After 10 minutes the lotion was rinsed out of the subjects hair with water and towel dried. At day 1, 7 and 14 post treatment the hair was examined for the presence of live lice. If any live lice were detected on any of the three visits the subject was deemed a treatment failure. The primary endpoint to the study was that proportion of index subjects (youngest member of the household with at least 3 live lice at the commencement of the study) who were lice free at all follow-up visits through day 14. Results from these studies indicated that 0.74% abametapir lotion demonstrated statistically significant and clinically relevant treatment success compared to the vehicle control group. The primary efficacy results showed that 81.1% (study 1) and 81.8% (study 2) of subjects in the 0.74% treatment group had treatment success compared to 50.9% (study 1) and 47.2% (study 2) of subjects in the vehicle group (p= 0.001) study 1and (p<0.001) study 2. The safety results demonstrated that a single application of abametapir 0.74% w/w was safe and well tolerated.
Claims (14)
- A pediculicidal composition comprising:5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; anda carrier vehicle comprising: water; an activating solvent system comprising an alcohol that includes benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol and mixtures thereof, and mineral oil; and a surfactant comprising polysorbate 20 at a concentration of about 1% by weight;wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight.
- The pediculicidal composition of claim 1, wherein said alcohol is benzyl alcohol.
- The pediculicidal composition of any preceding claim, wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.5% to 5% by weight.
- The pediculicidal composition of any preceding claim, wherein 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in the composition at a concentration from 0.5% to 1% by weight.
- The pediculicidal composition of any preceding claim, wherein said carrier vehicle is a solution, a gel, a cream, an ointment, a foam, a spray or an emulsion.
- The pediculicidal composition of any preceding claim, wherein said carrier vehicle comprises an activating solvent system, water and at least one agent selected from the group consisting of a thickening agent, one or more surfactant, a pH adjuster, and an antioxidant.
- The pediculicidal composition of any preceding claim, wherein polysorbate 20 is present in the composition at a concentration of 1% by weight.
- A pediculicidal composition comprising:5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl is present in an amount from 0.5% to 1% by weight;benzyl alcohol is present in an amount from 1% to 3% by weight;mineral oil is present in an amount from 20% to 30% by weight;water is present in an amount from 60% to 90% by weight;carbomer is present in an amount from 0.1% to 0.5% by weight;trolamine is present in an amount from 0.1% to 1% by weight;butylated hydroxy toluene is present in an amount from 0.2% to 1% by weight; andpolysorbate 20 is present in an amount from 0.5% to 2% by weight.
- The pediculicidal composition of claim 8, comprising 2% by weight benzyl alcohol, 24% mineral oil, 1% polysorbate 20, and 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl.
- An aqueous pediculicidal composition of claim 9 for topical application to a subject comprising by weight: 0.74% 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl; 24% mineral oil; 0.15% Carbomer; 0.20% Trolamine; 2.00% benzyl alcohol, 1% polysorbate 20, 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene and balance purified water.
- A pediculicidal composition according to any preceding claim for use as a medicament.
- A pediculicidal composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10 for use in the treatment of a pest infestation on a host.
- A pediculicidal composition as claimed in claim 12 for use in the topical treatment of a lice infestation on a host.
- A pediculicidal composition as claimed in claim 13 for use in killing lice and inhibiting egg hatching.
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-
2014
- 2014-12-17 AU AU2014377875A patent/AU2014377875B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-17 NZ NZ720995A patent/NZ720995A/en unknown
- 2014-12-17 US US14/573,079 patent/US10292389B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-17 JP JP2016541558A patent/JP6711751B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-17 EP EP14878812.8A patent/EP3082424B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-17 WO PCT/IB2014/003254 patent/WO2015107384A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-12-17 CA CA2933081A patent/CA2933081C/en active Active
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NZ720995A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
AU2014377875B2 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
AU2014377875A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
WO2015107384A3 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
JP6711751B2 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
US10292389B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
US11510410B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
EP3082424A4 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
CA2933081C (en) | 2023-04-04 |
EA201691033A1 (en) | 2016-10-31 |
EP3082424A2 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
CA2933081A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
WO2015107384A2 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
EA031732B1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
US20150164066A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
JP2017500342A (en) | 2017-01-05 |
US20190216086A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
US20230337669A1 (en) | 2023-10-26 |
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