EP3067117B1 - Assembly for disintegrating workpieces - Google Patents

Assembly for disintegrating workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3067117B1
EP3067117B1 EP16157251.6A EP16157251A EP3067117B1 EP 3067117 B1 EP3067117 B1 EP 3067117B1 EP 16157251 A EP16157251 A EP 16157251A EP 3067117 B1 EP3067117 B1 EP 3067117B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
work piece
workpiece
cover
area
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EP16157251.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3067117A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Lindner
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LINDER, GERHARD
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B02C13/284—Built-in screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an assembly for crushing solid workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the crushing device has a width b.
  • the width b is greater than the smallest dimension of the workpiece or greater than or equal to the smallest dimension of the workpiece.
  • the width b meant here is formed by the sum of the widths of the comminution workpieces.
  • FIG. 1 from CN102527473 shows an apparatus in which the workpiece is supplied in an area adjacent to the crushing tool, in which area the acceleration component of the workpiece accelerated by the crushing tool is directed not onto a screen but onto a cover.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that in this arrangement, by accelerating the workpiece against the cover, a certain amount of energy is not applied directly to the comminution of the workpiece.
  • the disclosed device has one according to the device CN102527473 negative effect on.
  • CN20241747 also shows a device with a supply of material from above to the rotary crushing tool and below the crushing tool arranged sieves, against which a directly detected by the crushing tool workpiece is not directly accelerated.
  • JP2002186952 is an arrangement similar to the above representation and thus to observe a similar negative effect.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is based on accelerating the workpieces gripped by the crushing tool against a specially shaped cover.
  • the in US4361290 thus, the disclosed device differs fundamentally from the device according to the invention discussed below.
  • DE10104154 shows a device comprising a comminution tool designed as a saw, in which the workpieces to be crushed along a defined feed path are fed to the crushing tool.
  • the device does not comprise a sieve.
  • the workpiece is fed on a side opposite to a wire side, which is why the detected tool can not be accelerated against the wire.
  • the apparatus shown comprises a comminution tool arranged in such a way to the sieve, which comminution tool hurls a detected workpiece against the sieve.
  • the disclosed device does not include a tapered gap between the cover and the shredding tool.
  • the device according to JP10230177 no cover which has a tapered gap to the reduction tool.
  • US6978955 shows a crushing tool, in which the workpiece detected by the crushing tool can be accelerated directly against the wire.
  • the cover prevents the escape of the workpiece from the device, especially away from the screen and from the feeder.
  • US6978955 discloses with reference to the gap only that the cover can be opened. It is found in US6978955 no indication of a tapered gap between the shredding tool and the cover.
  • FIG. 4 shows the device with the cover open, which open cover defines a gap which increases in the direction of rotation of the comminution tool to the comminution tool.
  • FIG. 1 from US1440429 discloses an abruptly changing gap between the crushing tool and the cover.
  • the cover has a return in its adjoining the screen portion.
  • the invention disclosed herein initially has the object of arranging the rotary shredding unit, the dispensing unit comprising the screens and the cover so that the workpiece or parts of the workpiece can not be thrown out of the arrangement in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the invention also has the task of minimizing the drive energy necessary for the rotation of the comminution tool.
  • the invention is intended to provide a solution to the problem of wedging of the workpieces.
  • the invention disclosed herein relates to a crushing device comprising the features mentioned in claim 1, which is preferably suitable for all types of waste from a wide variety of materials.
  • this is achieved in that the plane of the workpiece feeding device is inclined in a range of greater than 0 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the horizontal (angle beta), so that the workpiece sliding or rolling on the plane overcomes a height difference t of up to 200 mm , And that the cover extends to the upper vertex of the circle of movement of the crushing tool, and that the gap tapers in the tool rotational direction between the inlet opening and the outlet opening continuously.
  • the crushing tool rotates as defined in the preamble of claim 1 about the tool axis, so that the rotating parts of the crushing tool form a radius of movement.
  • the tapered gap between crushing tool and cover is formed as a distance between the rotating parts of the crushing tool and the inner surface of the cover. In the case of protrusions on the inner surface of the cover, one skilled in the art will choose a suitable tangent to the inner surface to determine the gap.
  • the minimization of the required working energy is characterized by the idea that a workpiece to be comminuted remains within the influence of the comminution tool only as long as is necessary until the predetermined size is reached.
  • the predetermined size is - as known from the prior art - given by the size of the holes in the sieve.
  • the tapered gap formed a size of the workpiece is defined, which workpiece can leave the sphere of influence of the crushing tool in the region of the cover in the direction of the feed device.
  • the tapered gap thus acts as another screen of the device.
  • the minimum distance between comminution tool and cover is selected by the person skilled in the art so that the workpiece which reaches the supply device over the free area can again be brought into the sphere of influence of the comminution tool by the supply device without requiring a considerable expenditure of energy.
  • the skilled person takes into account that the workpiece does not hinder the supply of additional workpieces or requires a high expenditure of energy, especially since the workpiece has a component of the acceleration vector opposite to the acceleration vector of the further workpiece.
  • the expert takes into account when selecting the distance between shredding tool and cover parameters such as the weight of the workpiece.
  • the choice of distance can be through Attempts are made.
  • the following are ratios of the most important distances of the elements of the device according to the invention.
  • the skilled artisan chooses a continuously tapered gap to avoid edges requiring the supply of further working energy since the flow of movement of the material is abruptly changed.
  • the person skilled in the art can also choose any further shape of the gap, for example a step-shaped tapering gap, depending on the particular application.
  • the shredding tool accelerates the workpiece upon contact.
  • the cover prevents parts of the workpiece from being thrown out of the device assembly in an upward direction by the rotary comminution tool.
  • the inventive arrangement of supply unit, sieve, cover conditional that the workpiece can be thrown out of the influence area only in the direction of the feed device, wherein the feed device returns an ejected workpiece in the sphere of influence.
  • the workpiece feed device conveys the workpiece into an area of influence of the comminution tool, in which area of influence the acceleration vector of the comminution tool is directed onto the screen.
  • a workpiece with a size smaller than or equal to the predetermined dimension can thus pass directly through the sieve.
  • the workpiece feed device may comprise a driven conveyor unit.
  • the nature of the conveyor unit is of secondary importance for the solution of the problem underlying the invention disclosed here, since the primary purpose of the conveyor unit is to bring the workpiece to the comminution tool.
  • specially shaped conveyor units are described which, because of their shape, have a particularly advantageous effect on the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the tangent of the workpiece feeding device and the tangent of the screen in the transition region between the workpiece feeding device and the screen at an angle greater than 180 degrees.
  • the workpiece brought into the area of influence via the workpiece feed device undergoes a change of direction in the mold at the moment of detection by the comminuting tool in such a way that the workpiece is moved against the wire.
  • the described arrangement of workpiece feeding device and sieve has the advantage that the change in direction of the workpiece takes place in a continuous movement.
  • the comminuting tool can comprise, for example, a hammer mechanism and / or a saw and / or elements pressing the workpiece.
  • the hammermill may comprise a weight mass eccentrically mounted to the tool axis of the rotary comminution tool.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a schematic representation of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of an inventive arrangement. Due to the schematic representation are in FIG. 1 the distances of the elements to each other not shown to scale, which is why the skilled person FIG. 1 only takes the given information.
  • the workpiece 1 passes through different stations in this device, wherein the workpiece 1 in the different stations with the reference numerals 1a, 1b et cetera is characterized. The same applies to the workpiece acceleration vector 8.
  • the workpiece 1a is fed to the comminution tool 4 by means of the feed device 6.
  • the feed device 6 shown schematically is a plane inclined in the direction of the comminuting tool 4, which essentially also determines the workpiece acceleration vector 8a of the workpiece 1a sliding on this plane. Due to the inclination of the plane 20 of the feed device 6, the workpiece 1a is fed to the comminution tool 4.
  • the plane 20 can be inclined in a range of greater than 0 degrees up to 20 degrees (angle beta), so that the workpiece sliding or rolling on the plane 20 overcomes a height difference t of up to 200.0 mm.
  • angle beta degrees up to 20 degrees
  • the optimization is carried out according to the fact that the per unit of time introduced into the device amount of workpieces 1 to be crushed a maximum at a simultaneous minimum of the required power to drive the crushing tool 4 is achieved.
  • the comminuting tool 4 comprises a weight body 9 rotating about a tool axis 2, which weight body 9 is spaced from the tool axis 2 by a lever 10 and rotates about the tool axis 2.
  • the comminuting tool 4 is driven by a drive, which is not described in more detail here.
  • the influence area 11 of the comminution tool 4 is in FIG. 1 essentially defined by the circle of motion 12 of the weight body 9 about the tool axis 2.
  • the motion circle 12 has a diameter d and extends parallel to the plane of the drawing FIG. 1 ,
  • the tool axis 2 is above the lowest point of the plane 20.
  • the influence area 11 is perpendicular to the plane of the FIG. 1 a width b on (in FIG. 1 not shown).
  • the width b is the sum of the widths of the comminution tools. 4
  • a sieve 5 as an output unit.
  • the screen 5 extends substantially parallel to the movement circle 12 of the comminution tool 4, so that a clearance with a constant ⁇ r 30-50,0mm is formed.
  • the fragmented by the crushing tool 4 workpiece 1 is pressed by the crushing tool 4 through the wire 5 when the workpiece 1 has the size to be produced.
  • the person skilled in the art will select the size of the openings of the screen 5 according to the prior art with reference to the size of the workpiece 1 to be produced.
  • the openings of the screen 5 have, for example, a round or polygonal shape.
  • the workpiece 1 (position 1a) is brought by the feeding device 6 in the influence area 11 (see position 1b).
  • the supply of the workpiece 1 in the position 1b takes place in a region which is lower than the tool axis of rotation 2.
  • the rotary comminuting tool 4 accelerates the workpiece 1b in the direction of wire 5, wherein the acceleration vector 8b of the workpiece 1 in the position 1b the laws of physics following is directed tangentially to the circle of motion 12.
  • the workpiece 1 has a size smaller than the predetermined dimension in the position 1b, this can be output through the wire 5. With a size of the workpiece 1 greater than the predetermined dimension, the workpiece 1 rebounds on the wire 5 and in turn passes into the area of influence 6.
  • the workpiece 1 in the position 1c is located near the cover 7, which cover 7 has a tapering gap 13 with respect to the movement circle 12.
  • the inlet opening 14 in the gap 13 is larger than the outlet opening 15 of the gap 13.
  • the gap 13 tapers continuously from the above-mentioned measure .DELTA.r 30-50,0mm to the distance given below 0,0-30,0mm.
  • the cover 7 has for producing the tapered gap 13 a spiral shape or the shape of a segment of an ellipse.
  • the size of the comminuted workpiece 1 in the position 1d is predetermined, which workpiece 1 can enter the free area, which after receiving by the supply device 6 again in the sphere of influence 11 is brought.
  • the distance 16 is in a range of 0.0mm to 30.0mm.
  • the cover has a thickness of 2-40mm.
  • the edges of the cover are preferably chamfered, so that no workpiece can get caught on sharp edges.
  • the cover extends to the upper vertex of the circle of motion 12.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show technical drawings of the arrangement for the crushing of solid workpieces 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of an area around the crushing tool 4, while FIG. 2 the entire arrangement shows.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 relate to the same arrangement, for reasons of clarity in FIG. 2 not all references to the crushing tool 4 are given.
  • the workpieces 1 are in for clarity FIG. 2 not shown.
  • the technical drawing includes the dimensions that are in the above ranges. The skilled person is able to choose from the in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 specified dimensions to derive dimensionless ratios to the dimensioning of the arrangement.
  • the device comprises a comminution tool 4, which has a width b and a diameter d and rotates about a tool axis axis 2 in a tool rotation direction 3, which comminution tool 4 detects the workpiece 1.
  • the crushing tool 4 comprises a rotating disc 17 having an outer diameter of 415.0 mm. There are hinged to the disc 17 four hammers 16.
  • the hammers 16 comprise a lever 18 hinged on the one hand to the disk 17 and a weight mass 19 attached to the other end of the lever.
  • the diameter of the respective points of articulation of the levers on the disk is 337.0 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows weight masses 19 in the form of C-profiles, wherein the flange is arranged parallel to the free end edge of the lever 18.
  • the workpiece 1 is conveyed by a workpiece feed device 6 into a region of the influence region of the comminution tool 4, in which region the acceleration vector 8 of the workpiece 1 is directed onto the screen.
  • the workpiece feeding device 6 comprises an inclined plane 20 approaching the influence zone 11, on which the workpiece 1 slides in the direction of the influence zone 11. Due to the inclination of the plane of the workpiece feed device 6, the feed rate of the workpiece 1 is set in the comminution tool 4.
  • This specification is based on the simplifying assumption that all workpieces 1 have substantially the same friction to the plane 20, wherein the friction to be considered here is a function of coefficient of friction and weight of the workpiece 1.
  • the device according to FIG. 2 shows a slope of the plane 20 with 8.8 degrees.
  • the tangent of the inclined plane as the workpiece feeding device 6 and the tangent of the screen 5 in the transition region between the workpiece feeding device and the screen has an angle smaller than 90 degrees.
  • the workpiece feeding device 6 further comprises a funnel 21 comprising annular arrangements 23, 24 and a base area 22.
  • the tool axis 2 is arranged approximately below the center of the base area 22 of the funnel 21.
  • the influence area 11 breaks through the base 22 of the funnel 21 and projects into the area enclosed by the funnel 21. At the in FIG. 2 In the embodiment shown, the influence area 11 projects 152.0 mm into the funnel.
  • the funnel comprises in the region of its base surface 22 around the free area and the cover 7 rotating blades, which drive a workpiece 1 situated on the base surface 22 directly or indirectly, ie via the plane 20 into the influence region 11.
  • the annular assemblies 23,24 include a conical annular assembly 24 and a vertically oriented annular assembly 23 adjacent thereto and disposed below the conical assembly 24.
  • the height of the annular assemblies are each 700.0mm.
  • a workpiece 1 inserted in the hopper 21 is brought into the influence area 11 by the hopper 21 acting as the workpiece feeding device 6.
  • the workpiece comminuted to a defined size is discharged through a wire 5 as an output unit.
  • the sieve 5 extends below the comminuting tool 4.
  • the sieve 5 is arranged at a distance of 35.0 mm from the influence region 11.
  • the sieve 5 thus has a radius larger by 35.0 mm than the influence region 11.
  • the arranged device further comprises a cover 7, which cover 7 covers at least one coverage area around the comminution tool 4 and above the screen 5, in which area the tool acceleration vector 8c of the workpiece 1 points away from the screen and from the workpiece feed device.
  • the cover 7 extends over the entire width of the influence area 11 (normal to the viewing plane FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 ).
  • the cover 7 pierces the base 22.
  • the cover 7 protrudes at the in FIG. 2 shown embodiment by a measure of 152,0cm in the area enclosed by the hopper 21,
  • the workpiece feed 6, the wire 5 and the cover 7 are to be arranged around the comminution tool 4 so that a free area is formed around the comminuting tool 4, in which free area at least one component of the tool acceleration vector 8d of the workpiece 1d is applied to a part of the workpiece feed device 6, here is directed to the hopper 21.
  • the cover 7 has to the crushing tool on a tapering in tool rotation gap.
  • the size of the workpiece is defined, which workpiece 1 can be accelerated by the free area on the workpiece feeding device 6.
  • the gap at the end of the cover has a dimension of 25.0 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows a continuously tapered gap from a distance of 35.0mm to 25.0mm.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 2 further comprises the sieve 5 arranged guide surfaces 25, which guide surfaces 25 bundle the stepped through the sieve 5 workpieces 1.

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

Diese Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Zerkleinern von festen Werkstücken gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.This invention relates to an assembly for crushing solid workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung weist eine Breite b auf. Die Breite b ist größer als die kleinste Abmessung des Werkstückes oder größer gleich der kleinsten Abmessung des Werkstückes. Bei mehreren Zerkleinerungswerkstücken wird die hier gemeinte Breite b durch die Summe der Breiten der Zerkleinerungswerkstücke gebildet.The crushing device has a width b. The width b is greater than the smallest dimension of the workpiece or greater than or equal to the smallest dimension of the workpiece. In the case of several comminution workpieces, the width b meant here is formed by the sum of the widths of the comminution workpieces.

Figur 1 von CN102527473 zeigt eine Vorrichtung, bei welcher das Werkstück in einem Bereich benachbart zu dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zugeführt wird, in welchem Bereich die Beschleunigungskomponente des durch das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug beschleunigten Werkstückes nicht auf ein Sieb, sondern auf eine Abdeckung gerichtet ist. Der Fachmann erkennt, dass bei dieser Anordnung durch das Beschleunigen des Werkstückes gegen die Abdeckung ein gewisses Maß an Energie nicht direkt zur Zerkleinerung des Werkstückes aufgebracht wird. FIG. 1 from CN102527473 shows an apparatus in which the workpiece is supplied in an area adjacent to the crushing tool, in which area the acceleration component of the workpiece accelerated by the crushing tool is directed not onto a screen but onto a cover. The person skilled in the art recognizes that in this arrangement, by accelerating the workpiece against the cover, a certain amount of energy is not applied directly to the comminution of the workpiece.

Bei der Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 von CN202316014 wird ähnlich zu CN102527473 das Werkstück des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges von oben zugeführt, sodass das von dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug beschleunigte Werkstück ebenso nicht in Richtung des Siebes beschleunigt werden kann. Die in CN202316014 offenbarte Vorrichtung weist somit eine zu der Vorrichtung gemäß CN102527473 negative Wirkung auf.In the device according to FIG. 1 from CN202316014 becomes similar too CN102527473 the workpiece of the crushing tool supplied from above, so that the accelerated by the crushing tool workpiece can also not be accelerated in the direction of the screen. In the CN202316014 Thus, the disclosed device has one according to the device CN102527473 negative effect on.

Bei der Vorrichtung gemäß WO2002087768 wird das Werkstück ebenso von oben zu dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zugeführt, wobei die Siebe wiederum unterhalb des Zerkleinerungswerkzeug angeordnet sind. Dadurch wird ein zu obiger Darstellung ähnlicher negativer Effekt hinsichtlich der direkten Verwendung der Energie zum Zerkleinern des Werkstückes generiert.In the device according to WO2002087768 The workpiece is also supplied from above to the crushing tool, wherein the sieves are again arranged below the crushing tool. As a result, a negative effect similar to the above representation is generated with respect to the direct use of the energy for comminuting the workpiece.

CN20241747 zeigt ebenso eine Vorrichtung mit einer Materialzufuhr von oben zu dem rotierenden Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und unterhalb des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges angeordneten Sieben, gegen welche ein von dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug direkt erfasstes Werkstück nicht direkt beschleunigt wird. CN20241747 also shows a device with a supply of material from above to the rotary crushing tool and below the crushing tool arranged sieves, against which a directly detected by the crushing tool workpiece is not directly accelerated.

Bei JP2002186952 ist eine zu obiger Darstellung ähnliche Anordnung und somit ein ähnlicher negativer Effekt zu beobachten.at JP2002186952 is an arrangement similar to the above representation and thus to observe a similar negative effect.

Die in US4361290 Figur 3 und Figur 4 gezeigte Vorrichtung basiert auf dem Beschleunigen der durch das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug erfassten Werkstücke gegen eine speziell ausgeformte Abdeckung. Die in US4361290 offenbarte Vorrichtung unterscheidet sich somit grundlegend von der im Folgenden diskutierten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.In the US4361290 FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is based on accelerating the workpieces gripped by the crushing tool against a specially shaped cover. The in US4361290 Thus, the disclosed device differs fundamentally from the device according to the invention discussed below.

DE10104154 zeigt eine Vorrichtung umfassend ein als Säge ausgebildetes Zerkleinerungswerkzeug, bei welcher die zu zerkleinernden Werkstücke entlang eines definierten Zufuhrweges dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zugeführt werden. Die Vorrichtung umfasst kein Sieb. DE10104154 shows a device comprising a comminution tool designed as a saw, in which the workpieces to be crushed along a defined feed path are fed to the crushing tool. The device does not comprise a sieve.

Bei der in Figur 1 von DE3306068 gezeigten Vorrichtung wird das Werkstück auf einer zu einem Sieb gegenüber liegenden Seite zugeführt, weshalb das erfasste Werkzeug nicht gegen das Sieb beschleunigt werden kann.At the in FIG. 1 from DE3306068 As shown, the workpiece is fed on a side opposite to a wire side, which is why the detected tool can not be accelerated against the wire.

Die in Figur 1 von CN2060087 gezeigte Vorrichtung umfasst ein zu dem Sieb so angeordnete Zerkleinerungswerkzeug, welches Zerkleinerungswerkzeug ein erfasstes Werkstück gegen das Sieb schleudert. Die in CN2060087 offenbarte Vorrichtung umfasst keinen sich verjüngenden Spalt zwischen Abdeckung und Zerkleinerungswerkzeug.In the FIG. 1 from CN2060087 The apparatus shown comprises a comminution tool arranged in such a way to the sieve, which comminution tool hurls a detected workpiece against the sieve. In the CN2060087 The disclosed device does not include a tapered gap between the cover and the shredding tool.

in hierzu ähnlicher Weise umfasst die Vorrichtung gemäß JP10230177 keine Abdeckung, welche zum Verkleinerungswerkzeug einen sich verjüngenden Spalt aufweist.in a similar manner, the device according to JP10230177 no cover which has a tapered gap to the reduction tool.

US6978955 zeigt ein Zerkleinerungswerkzeug, bei welcher das vom Zerkleinerungswerkzeug erfasste Werkstück direkt gegen das Sieb beschleunigt werden kann. Die Abdeckung verhindert den Austritt des Werkstückes aus der Vorrichtung, insbesondere vom Sieb und von der Zufuhrvorrichtung weg. US6978955 offenbart in Bezugnahme auf den Spalt lediglich, dass die Abdeckung geöffnet werden kann. Es findet sich in US6978955 kein Hinweis auf einen sich verjüngenden Spalt zwischen dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und der Abdeckung. Figur 4 zeigt die Vorrichtung bei geöffneter Abdeckung, welche geöffnete Abdeckung einen sich in Drehrichtung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges größer werdenden Spalt zu dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug definiert. US6978955 shows a crushing tool, in which the workpiece detected by the crushing tool can be accelerated directly against the wire. The cover prevents the escape of the workpiece from the device, especially away from the screen and from the feeder. US6978955 discloses with reference to the gap only that the cover can be opened. It is found in US6978955 no indication of a tapered gap between the shredding tool and the cover. FIG. 4 shows the device with the cover open, which open cover defines a gap which increases in the direction of rotation of the comminution tool to the comminution tool.

Figur 1 von US1440429 offenbart einen sich sprunghaft ändernden Spalt zwischen dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und der Abdeckung. Die Abdeckung weist in ihrem an das Sieb anschließenden Teilbereich einen Rücksprung auf. FIG. 1 from US1440429 discloses an abruptly changing gap between the crushing tool and the cover. The cover has a return in its adjoining the screen portion.

Die hier offenbarte Erfindung stellt sich zunächst die Aufgabe, die rotierende Zerkleinerungseinheit, die Ausgabeeinheit umfassend die Siebe und die Abdeckung so anzuordnen, dass das Werkstück oder Teile des Werkstückes nicht unkontrolliert aus der Anordnung geworfen werden können. Die Erfindung stellt sich weiters die Aufgabe, die für die Rotation des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges notwendige Antriebsenergie zu minimieren. Die Erfindung soll eine Lösung zu dem Problem des Verkeilens der Werkstücke bieten.The invention disclosed herein initially has the object of arranging the rotary shredding unit, the dispensing unit comprising the screens and the cover so that the workpiece or parts of the workpiece can not be thrown out of the arrangement in an uncontrolled manner. The invention also has the task of minimizing the drive energy necessary for the rotation of the comminution tool. The invention is intended to provide a solution to the problem of wedging of the workpieces.

Die hier offenbarte Erfindung betrifft eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung umfassend die im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmale, welche vorzugsweise für sämtliche Arten von Abfällen aus den unterschiedlichsten Materialien geeignet ist.The invention disclosed herein relates to a crushing device comprising the features mentioned in claim 1, which is preferably suitable for all types of waste from a wide variety of materials.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Ebene der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung in einem Bereich von größer 0 Grad bis zu 20 Grad gegenüber der Horizontalen geneigt ist (Winkel Beta), sodass das auf der Ebene gleitende oder rollende Werkstück einen Höhenunterschied t von bis zu 200 mm überwindet, und dass die Abdeckung bis zum oberen Scheitelpunkt des Bewegungskreises des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges reicht, und dass sich der Spalt in Werkzeugdrehrichtung zwischen Eintrittsöffnung und Austrittsöffnung kontinuierlich verjüngt.According to the invention this is achieved in that the plane of the workpiece feeding device is inclined in a range of greater than 0 degrees to 20 degrees relative to the horizontal (angle beta), so that the workpiece sliding or rolling on the plane overcomes a height difference t of up to 200 mm , And that the cover extends to the upper vertex of the circle of movement of the crushing tool, and that the gap tapers in the tool rotational direction between the inlet opening and the outlet opening continuously.

Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug rotiert gemäß Definition im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 um die Werkzeugachse, sodass die rotierenden Teile des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges einen Bewegungsradius bilden. Der sich verjüngende Spalt zwischen Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und Abdeckung wird als Abstand zwischen den rotierenden Teilen des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges und der Innenoberfläche der Abdeckung gebildet. Im Falle von Vorsprüngen an der Innenoberfläche der Abdeckung wählt der Fachmann eine geeignete Tangente an die Innenoberfläche zur Bestimmung des Spaltes.The crushing tool rotates as defined in the preamble of claim 1 about the tool axis, so that the rotating parts of the crushing tool form a radius of movement. The tapered gap between crushing tool and cover is formed as a distance between the rotating parts of the crushing tool and the inner surface of the cover. In the case of protrusions on the inner surface of the cover, one skilled in the art will choose a suitable tangent to the inner surface to determine the gap.

Die Minimierung der erforderlichen Arbeitsenergie ist von dem Leitgedanken geprägt, dass ein zu zerkleinerndes Werkstück nur solange im Einflussbereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges bleibt, wie dies bis zum Erreichen der vorgegebenen Größe notwendig ist. Die vorgegebene Größe wird - wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt - durch die Größe der Löcher im Sieb vorgegeben.The minimization of the required working energy is characterized by the idea that a workpiece to be comminuted remains within the influence of the comminution tool only as long as is necessary until the predetermined size is reached. The predetermined size is - as known from the prior art - given by the size of the holes in the sieve.

Durch den verjüngt ausgebildeten Spalt wird eine Größe des Werkstückes definiert, welches Werkstück den Einflussbereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges im Bereich der Abdeckung in Richtung der Zufuhrvorrichtung verlassen kann. Der sich verjüngende Spalt wirkt somit als ein weiteres Sieb der Vorrichtung. Der minimale Abstand zwischen Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und Abdeckung wird vom Fachmann so gewählt, dass das über den freien Bereich wieder auf die Zufuhrvorrichtung gelangende Werkstück wieder durch die Zufuhrvorrichtung in den Einflussbereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges gebracht werden kann, ohne dass ein erheblicher Energieaufwand erforderlich ist. Der Fachmann berücksichtigt hierbei, dass das Werkstück nicht die Zufuhr weiterer Werkstücke behindert beziehungsweise einen hohen Energieaufwand erfordert, zumal das Werkstück eine zu dem Beschleunigungsvektor des weiteren Werkstückes entgegengesetzte Komponente des Beschleunigungsvektors aufweist.By the tapered gap formed a size of the workpiece is defined, which workpiece can leave the sphere of influence of the crushing tool in the region of the cover in the direction of the feed device. The tapered gap thus acts as another screen of the device. The minimum distance between comminution tool and cover is selected by the person skilled in the art so that the workpiece which reaches the supply device over the free area can again be brought into the sphere of influence of the comminution tool by the supply device without requiring a considerable expenditure of energy. The skilled person takes into account that the workpiece does not hinder the supply of additional workpieces or requires a high expenditure of energy, especially since the workpiece has a component of the acceleration vector opposite to the acceleration vector of the further workpiece.

Der Fachmann berücksichtigt bei der Wahl des Abstandes zwischen Zerkleinerungswerkzeug und Abdeckung Parameter wie die Wichte des Werkstückes. Die Wahl des Abstandes kann durch Versuche erfolgen. Im Folgenden sind Verhältnisse der wichtigsten Abstände der Elemente der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung angegeben.The expert takes into account when selecting the distance between shredding tool and cover parameters such as the weight of the workpiece. The choice of distance can be through Attempts are made. The following are ratios of the most important distances of the elements of the device according to the invention.

Der Fachmann wählt einen sich kontinuierlich verjüngenden Spalt, um Kanten zu vermeiden, welche die Zufuhr von weiterer Arbeitsenergie erfordern, da der Bewegungsfluss des Materials abrupt geändert wird. Der Fachmann kann aber auch - in Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Anwendungsfalles - jede weitere Form des Spaltes wie beispielsweise einen sich stufenförmig verjüngenden Spalt wählen.The skilled artisan chooses a continuously tapered gap to avoid edges requiring the supply of further working energy since the flow of movement of the material is abruptly changed. However, the person skilled in the art can also choose any further shape of the gap, for example a step-shaped tapering gap, depending on the particular application.

Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug beschleunigt das Werkstück bei Kontakt. Die Abdeckung verhindert, dass Teile des Werkstückes durch das rotierende Zerkleinerungswerkzeug aus der Vorrichtungsanordnung in eine Richtung nach oben geworfen werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung von Zufuhreinheit, Sieb, Abdeckung bedingt, dass das Werkstück nur in Richtung der Zufuhrvorrichtung aus dem Einflussbereich geworfen werden kann, wobei die Zufuhrvorrichtung ein ausgeworfenes Werkstück in den Einflussbereich zurückführt.The shredding tool accelerates the workpiece upon contact. The cover prevents parts of the workpiece from being thrown out of the device assembly in an upward direction by the rotary comminution tool. The inventive arrangement of supply unit, sieve, cover conditional that the workpiece can be thrown out of the influence area only in the direction of the feed device, wherein the feed device returns an ejected workpiece in the sphere of influence.

Die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung befördert das Werkstück in einen Einflussbereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges, in welchem Einflussbereich der Beschleunigungsvektor des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges auf das Sieb gerichtet ist. Ein Werkstück mit einer Größe kleiner gleich dem vorgegebenen Maß kann so direkt durch das Sieb gelangen.The workpiece feed device conveys the workpiece into an area of influence of the comminution tool, in which area of influence the acceleration vector of the comminution tool is directed onto the screen. A workpiece with a size smaller than or equal to the predetermined dimension can thus pass directly through the sieve.

Die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung kann eine angetriebene Fördereinheit umfassen. Die Art der Fördereinheit ist für die Lösung des der hier offenbarten Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Problems nebensächlich, da die Fördereinheit primär die Aufgabe hat, das Werkstück zu dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zu bringen. Nachfolgend werden jedoch speziell ausgeformte Fördereinheiten beschrieben, die wegen ihrer Ausformung eine besonders vorteilhafte Wirkung auf die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung haben.The workpiece feed device may comprise a driven conveyor unit. The nature of the conveyor unit is of secondary importance for the solution of the problem underlying the invention disclosed here, since the primary purpose of the conveyor unit is to bring the workpiece to the comminution tool. In the following, however, specially shaped conveyor units are described which, because of their shape, have a particularly advantageous effect on the arrangement according to the invention.

Vorteilhaft weist die Tangente der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung und die Tangente des Siebes im Übergangsbereich zwischen der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung und dem Sieb einen Winkel größer als 180 Grad auf. Das über die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung in den Einflussbereich gebrachte Werkstück erfährt im Moment des Erfassens durch das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug eine Richtungsänderung in der Form, dass das Werkstück gegen das Sieb bewegt wird. Die beschriebene Anordnung von Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung und Sieb hat den Vorteil, dass die Richtungsänderung des Werkstückes in einer kontinuierlichen Bewegung erfolgt.Advantageously, the tangent of the workpiece feeding device and the tangent of the screen in the transition region between the workpiece feeding device and the screen at an angle greater than 180 degrees. The workpiece brought into the area of influence via the workpiece feed device undergoes a change of direction in the mold at the moment of detection by the comminuting tool in such a way that the workpiece is moved against the wire. The described arrangement of workpiece feeding device and sieve has the advantage that the change in direction of the workpiece takes place in a continuous movement.

Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug kann beispielsweise ein Hammerwerk und/oder eine Säge und/oder das Werkstück pressende Elemente umfassen.The comminuting tool can comprise, for example, a hammer mechanism and / or a saw and / or elements pressing the workpiece.

Das Hammerwerk kann eine exzentrisch zu der Werkzeugachse des rotierenden Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges gelagerte Gewichtsmasse umfassen.The hammermill may comprise a weight mass eccentrically mounted to the tool axis of the rotary comminution tool.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Schnittbild einer schematischen Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a schematic representation of the arrangement according to the invention.

Die Figuren dienen keinesfalls einer Einschränkung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung. Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, die Inhalte der einzelnen Figuren miteinander zu kombinieren. Der Fachmann ist insbesondere in der Lage aus den einzelnen Abstandsangaben, Längenangaben et cetera Verhältnisse zu berechnen. In den nachstehenden Figuren sind die nachstehenden Elemente durch die folgenden Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet:

1, 1a, 1b, 1c
Werkstück
2
Werkzeugachse
3
Werkzeugdrehrichtung
4
Zerkleinerungswerkzeug
5
Sieb
6
Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung
7
Abdeckung
8, 8a, 8b, 8c
Werkstückbeschleunigungsvektor
9
Gewichtskörper
10
Hebel
11
Einflussbereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges
12
Bewegungskreis
13
Spalt
14
Eintrittsöffnung
15
Austrittsöffnung
16
Hammer
17
Scheibe
18
Hebel
19
Gewichtsmasse
20
(geneigte) Ebene
21
Trichter
22
Grundfläche
23
senkrechte ringförmige Anordnung des Trichters
24
konische ringförmige Anordnung des Trichters
25
Leitflächen
26
Bewegungsbahn Werkstück aus freiem Bereich
27
Scheitelpunkt
The figures in no way serve to limit the subject matter of the invention. The person skilled in the art is able to combine the contents of the individual figures with one another. The person skilled in the art is in particular able to calculate ratios from the individual distances, lengths and et cetera. In the following figures, the following elements are indicated by the following reference numerals:
1, 1a, 1b, 1c
workpiece
2
tool axis
3
Tool direction of rotation
4
chopping tool
5
scree
6
Workpiece feeding device
7
cover
8, 8a, 8b, 8c
Workpiece acceleration vector
9
body weight
10
lever
11
Influence of the shredding tool
12
movement circle
13
gap
14
inlet opening
15
outlet opening
16
hammer
17
disc
18
lever
19
weight mass
20
(inclined) plane
21
funnel
22
Floor space
23
vertical annular arrangement of the funnel
24
conical annular arrangement of the funnel
25
baffles
26
Trajectory workpiece from free area
27
vertex

Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung. Aufgrund der schematischen Darstellung sind in Figur 1 die Abstände der Elemente zueinander keinesfalls maßstäblich dargestellt, weshalb der Fachmann der Figur 1 nur die angegebenen Angaben entnimmt. Das Werkstück 1 durchwandert bei dieser Vorrichtung unterschiedliche Stationen, wobei das Werkstück 1 in den unterschiedlichen Stationen mit den Bezugszeichen 1a, 1b et cetera gekennzeichnet ist. Gleiches gilt für den Werkstückbeschleunigungsvektor 8. FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of an inventive arrangement. Due to the schematic representation are in FIG. 1 the distances of the elements to each other not shown to scale, which is why the skilled person FIG. 1 only takes the given information. The workpiece 1 passes through different stations in this device, wherein the workpiece 1 in the different stations with the reference numerals 1a, 1b et cetera is characterized. The same applies to the workpiece acceleration vector 8.

Das Werkstück 1a wird mittels der Zufuhrvorrichtung 6 dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 zugeführt. Bei der in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellten Zufuhrvorrichtung 6 handelt es sich um eine in Richtung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4 geneigte Ebene, welche im Wesentlichen auch den Werkstückbeschleunigungsvektor 8a des auf dieser Ebene gleitenden Werkstückes 1a bestimmt. Durch die Neigung der Ebene 20 der Zufuhrvorrichtung 6 wird das Werkstück 1a dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 zugeführt.The workpiece 1a is fed to the comminution tool 4 by means of the feed device 6. At the in FIG. 1 The feed device 6 shown schematically is a plane inclined in the direction of the comminuting tool 4, which essentially also determines the workpiece acceleration vector 8a of the workpiece 1a sliding on this plane. Due to the inclination of the plane 20 of the feed device 6, the workpiece 1a is fed to the comminution tool 4.

Die Ebene 20 kann in einem Bereich von größer 0 Grad bis zu 20 Grad geneigt sein (Winkel Beta), sodass das auf der Ebene 20 gleitende oder rollende Werkstück ein Höhenunterschied t von bis zu 200,0mm überwindet. Durch die in Grad oder durch den Höhenunterschied t angegebene Neigung der Ebene 20 wird eine Optimierung der zugeführten Menge der Werkstücke erreicht. Die Optimierung erfolgt danach, dass die pro Zeiteinheit in die Vorrichtung eingebrachte Menge der zu zerkleinernden Werkstücke 1 ein Maximum bei einem gleichzeitigen Minimum der erforderlichen Leistung zum Antrieb des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4 erreicht wird.The plane 20 can be inclined in a range of greater than 0 degrees up to 20 degrees (angle beta), so that the workpiece sliding or rolling on the plane 20 overcomes a height difference t of up to 200.0 mm. The specified in degrees or by the height difference t slope of the plane 20, an optimization of the supplied amount of workpieces is achieved. The optimization is carried out according to the fact that the per unit of time introduced into the device amount of workpieces 1 to be crushed a maximum at a simultaneous minimum of the required power to drive the crushing tool 4 is achieved.

Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 umfasst einen um eine Werkzeugachse 2 rotierenden Gewichtskörper 9, welcher Gewichtskörper 9 durch einen Hebel 10 von der Werkzeugachse 2 beabstandet ist und um die Werkzeugachse 2 rotiert. Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 wird durch einen hier nicht näher auszuführenden Antrieb angetrieben. Der Einflussbereich 11 des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4 ist in Figur 1 im Wesentlichen durch den Bewegungskreis 12 des Gewichtskörpers 9 um die Werkzeugachse 2 definiert. Der Bewegungskreis 12 weist einen Durchmesser d auf und erstreckt sich parallel zu der Zeichnungsebene der Figur 1.The comminuting tool 4 comprises a weight body 9 rotating about a tool axis 2, which weight body 9 is spaced from the tool axis 2 by a lever 10 and rotates about the tool axis 2. The comminuting tool 4 is driven by a drive, which is not described in more detail here. The influence area 11 of the comminution tool 4 is in FIG. 1 essentially defined by the circle of motion 12 of the weight body 9 about the tool axis 2. The motion circle 12 has a diameter d and extends parallel to the plane of the drawing FIG. 1 ,

Die Werkzeugachse 2 liegt über dem tiefsten Punkt der Ebene 20. Der höchste Punkt des Einflussbereiches 11 liegt um ein Maß t+e über dem tiefsten Punkt der Ebene 20, mit t=0-200,0mm und e=100-300mm.The tool axis 2 is above the lowest point of the plane 20. The highest point of the influence region 11 is a measure t + e above the lowest point of the plane 20, with t = 0-200,0mm and e = 100-300mm.

Der Einflussbereich 11 weist rechtwinkelig zu der Ebene der Figur 1 eine Breite b auf (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt). Bei mehreren in Bezug auf die Blickrichtung auf die Ebene der Figur 1 hintereinander angeordneten Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen 4 ist die Breite b die Summe der Breiten der Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge 4.The influence area 11 is perpendicular to the plane of the FIG. 1 a width b on (in FIG. 1 not shown). In the case of several in relation to the line of sight of the plane FIG. 1 successively arranged crushing tools 4, the width b is the sum of the widths of the comminution tools. 4

Es ist in einem Bereich unterhalb des Einflussbereiches 11 ein Sieb 5 als Ausgabeeinheit angeordnet. Das Sieb 5 erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Bewegungskreis 12 des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4, sodass ein Freiraum mit einem konstanten Δr 30-50,0mm gebildet wird. Das durch das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 zerstückelte Werkstück 1 wird durch das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 durch das Sieb 5 gepresst, wenn das Werkstück 1 die herzustellende Größe aufweist. Der Fachmann wählt die Größe der Öffnungen des Siebes 5 nach dem Stand der Technik in Bezugnahme auf die herzustellende Größe des Werkstückes 1. Die Öffnungen des Siebes 5 weisen beispielsweise eine runde oder vieleckige Form auf.It is arranged in a region below the influence area 11, a sieve 5 as an output unit. The screen 5 extends substantially parallel to the movement circle 12 of the comminution tool 4, so that a clearance with a constant Δr 30-50,0mm is formed. The fragmented by the crushing tool 4 workpiece 1 is pressed by the crushing tool 4 through the wire 5 when the workpiece 1 has the size to be produced. The person skilled in the art will select the size of the openings of the screen 5 according to the prior art with reference to the size of the workpiece 1 to be produced. The openings of the screen 5 have, for example, a round or polygonal shape.

Das Werkstück 1 (Position 1a) wird durch die Zufuhrvorrichtung 6 in den Einflussbereich 11 gebracht (siehe Position 1b). Die Zufuhr des Werkstückes 1 in der Position 1b erfolgt in einem Bereich, welcher tiefer liegt als die Werkzeugdrehachse 2. Das rotierende Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 beschleunigt das Werkstück 1b in Richtung Sieb 5, wobei der Beschleunigungsvektor 8b des Werkstückes 1 in der Position 1b den Gesetzen der Physik folgend tangential auf den Bewegungskreis 12 gerichtet ist.The workpiece 1 (position 1a) is brought by the feeding device 6 in the influence area 11 (see position 1b). The supply of the workpiece 1 in the position 1b takes place in a region which is lower than the tool axis of rotation 2. The rotary comminuting tool 4 accelerates the workpiece 1b in the direction of wire 5, wherein the acceleration vector 8b of the workpiece 1 in the position 1b the laws of physics following is directed tangentially to the circle of motion 12.

Weist das Werkstück 1 in der Position 1b eine Größe kleiner gleich dem vorgegebenen Maß auf, so kann dieses durch das Sieb 5 ausgegeben werden. Bei einer Größe des Werkstückes 1 größer als das vorgegebene Maß prallt das Werkstück 1 an dem Sieb 5 ab und gelangt wiederum in den Einflussbereich 6.If the workpiece 1 has a size smaller than the predetermined dimension in the position 1b, this can be output through the wire 5. With a size of the workpiece 1 greater than the predetermined dimension, the workpiece 1 rebounds on the wire 5 and in turn passes into the area of influence 6.

Das Werkstück 1 in der Position 1c befindet sich in der Nähe der Abdeckung 7, welche Abdeckung 7 zu dem Bewegungskreis 12 einen sich verjüngenden Spalt 13 aufweist. Die Eintrittsöffnung 14 in den Spalt 13 ist größer als die Austrittsöffnung 15 des Spaltes 13. Der Spalt 13 verjüngt sich kontinuierlich von dem oben angegebenen Maß Δr 30-50,0mm zu dem unten angegebenen Abstand 0,0-30,0mm. Die Abdeckung 7 weist zur Herstellung des sich verjüngenden Spaltes 13 eine spiralförmige Form oder die Form eines Segmentes einer Ellipse auf.The workpiece 1 in the position 1c is located near the cover 7, which cover 7 has a tapering gap 13 with respect to the movement circle 12. The inlet opening 14 in the gap 13 is larger than the outlet opening 15 of the gap 13. The gap 13 tapers continuously from the above-mentioned measure .DELTA.r 30-50,0mm to the distance given below 0,0-30,0mm. The cover 7 has for producing the tapered gap 13 a spiral shape or the shape of a segment of an ellipse.

Durch den Abstand 16 zwischen Bewegungskreis 12 und der Abdeckung 7 in Bereich der Austrittsöffnung 15 wird die Größe des zerkleinerten Werkstückes 1 in der Position 1d vorgegeben, welches Werkstück 1 in den freien Bereich gelangen kann, welches nach Aufnahme durch die Zufuhrvorrichtung 6 wiederum in den Einflussbereich 11 gebracht wird. Der Abstand 16 ist in einem Bereich von 0,0mm bis 30,0mm.Due to the distance 16 between the movement circle 12 and the cover 7 in the region of the outlet opening 15, the size of the comminuted workpiece 1 in the position 1d is predetermined, which workpiece 1 can enter the free area, which after receiving by the supply device 6 again in the sphere of influence 11 is brought. The distance 16 is in a range of 0.0mm to 30.0mm.

Die Abdeckung weist eine Dicke von 2-40mm auf. Die Kanten der Abdeckung sind vorzugsweise abgefast, sodass kein Werkstück an spitzen Kanten hängenbleiben kann.The cover has a thickness of 2-40mm. The edges of the cover are preferably chamfered, so that no workpiece can get caught on sharp edges.

Die Abdeckung reicht bis zum oberen Scheitelpunkt des Bewegungskreises 12.The cover extends to the upper vertex of the circle of motion 12.

Figur 2 und Figur 3 zeigen technische Zeichnungen der Anordnung zum Zerkleinern von festen Werkstücken 1. Figur 3 zeigt eine Detailansicht eines Bereiches rund um das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4, während Figur 2 die gesamte Anordnung zeigt. Figur 2 und Figur 3 betreffen die gleiche Anordnung, wobei aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in Figur 2 nicht alle Bezugszeichen betreffend das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 angegeben sind. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show technical drawings of the arrangement for the crushing of solid workpieces 1. FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of an area around the crushing tool 4, while FIG. 2 the entire arrangement shows. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 relate to the same arrangement, for reasons of clarity in FIG. 2 not all references to the crushing tool 4 are given.

Die Werkstücke 1 sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in Figur 2 nicht dargestellt. Die technische Zeichnung umfasst die Maßangaben, welche in den oben angegebenen Bereichen liegen. Der Fachmann ist in der Lage, aus den in Figur 2 und Figur 3 angegebenen Maßangaben dimensionslose Verhältnisse zu der Dimensionierung der Anordnung abzuleiten.The workpieces 1 are in for clarity FIG. 2 not shown. The technical drawing includes the dimensions that are in the above ranges. The skilled person is able to choose from the in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 specified dimensions to derive dimensionless ratios to the dimensioning of the arrangement.

Die in Figur 2 und Figur 3 getroffenen Maßangaben stellen somit eine beispielhaft angegebene Ausführungsform dar.In the FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 Measurements taken thus represent an exemplary embodiment given.

Die Vorrichtung umfasst ein um eine Werkzeugachsachse 2 in einer Werkzeugdrehrichtung 3 rotierendes Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 mit einer Breite b und einem Durchmesser d, welches Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 das Werkstück 1 erfasst. Figur 2 und Figur 3 zeigen eine Vorrichtung mit einem Durchmesser d=690,0mm. Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug wird mit einer Drehzahl von 3000,0 U/min bewegt.The device comprises a comminution tool 4, which has a width b and a diameter d and rotates about a tool axis axis 2 in a tool rotation direction 3, which comminution tool 4 detects the workpiece 1. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a device with a diameter d = 690.0mm. The crushing tool is moved at a speed of 3000.0 rpm.

Das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 umfasst eine rotierende Scheibe 17 mit einem Außendurchmesser von 415,0mm. Es sind an der Scheibe 17 vier Hämmer 16 angelenkt. Die Hämmer 16 umfassen einen einerseits an der Scheibe 17 angelenkten Hebel 18 und eine am anderen Ende des Hebels angebrachte Gewichtsmasse 19. Der Durchmesser der jeweiligen Anlenkungspunkte der Hebel an der Scheibe beträgt 337,0mm. Figur 2 zeigt Gewichtsmassen 19 in Form von C-Profilen, wobei der Flansch parallel zu der freien Stirnkante des Hebels 18 angeordnet ist.The crushing tool 4 comprises a rotating disc 17 having an outer diameter of 415.0 mm. There are hinged to the disc 17 four hammers 16. The hammers 16 comprise a lever 18 hinged on the one hand to the disk 17 and a weight mass 19 attached to the other end of the lever. The diameter of the respective points of articulation of the levers on the disk is 337.0 mm. FIG. 2 shows weight masses 19 in the form of C-profiles, wherein the flange is arranged parallel to the free end edge of the lever 18.

Das Werkstück 1 wird durch eine Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 in einen Bereich des Einflussbereiches des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4 befördert, in welchem Bereich der Beschleunigungsvektor 8 des Werkstückes 1 auf das Sieb gerichtet ist.The workpiece 1 is conveyed by a workpiece feed device 6 into a region of the influence region of the comminution tool 4, in which region the acceleration vector 8 of the workpiece 1 is directed onto the screen.

Die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 umfasst eine geneigte, an den Einflussbereich 11 heranreichende Ebene 20, auf welcher das Werkstück 1 in Richtung Einflussbereich 11 gleitet. Durch die Neigung der Ebene der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 wird die Zufuhrgeschwindigkeit des Werkstückes 1 in das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 vorgegeben. Diese Vorgabe erfolgt unter der vereinfachenden Annahme, dass alle Werkstücke 1 im Wesentlichen die gleiche Reibung zu der Ebene 20 aufweisen, wobei die hier zu betrachtende Reibung eine Funktion aus Reibungskoeffizient und Gewicht des Werkstückes 1 ist. Die Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 zeigt eine Neigung der Ebene 20 mit 8,8 Grad.The workpiece feeding device 6 comprises an inclined plane 20 approaching the influence zone 11, on which the workpiece 1 slides in the direction of the influence zone 11. Due to the inclination of the plane of the workpiece feed device 6, the feed rate of the workpiece 1 is set in the comminution tool 4. This specification is based on the simplifying assumption that all workpieces 1 have substantially the same friction to the plane 20, wherein the friction to be considered here is a function of coefficient of friction and weight of the workpiece 1. The device according to FIG. 2 shows a slope of the plane 20 with 8.8 degrees.

Die Tangente der geneigten Ebene als Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 und die Tangente des Siebes 5 im Übergangsbereich zwischen der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung und dem Sieb weist einen Winkel von kleiner als 90 Grad auf.The tangent of the inclined plane as the workpiece feeding device 6 and the tangent of the screen 5 in the transition region between the workpiece feeding device and the screen has an angle smaller than 90 degrees.

Die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 umfasst weiters einen Trichter 21 umfassend ringförmige Anordnungen 23,24 und eine Grundfläche 22. Die Werkzeugachse 2 ist in etwa unterhalb des Zentrums der Grundfläche 22 des Trichters 21 angeordnet. Der Einflussbereich 11 durchbricht die Grundfläche 22 des Trichters 21 und ragt in den vom Trichter 21 eingeschlossenen Bereich. Bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ragt der Einflussbereich 11 mit 152,0mm in den Trichter.The workpiece feeding device 6 further comprises a funnel 21 comprising annular arrangements 23, 24 and a base area 22. The tool axis 2 is arranged approximately below the center of the base area 22 of the funnel 21. The influence area 11 breaks through the base 22 of the funnel 21 and projects into the area enclosed by the funnel 21. At the in FIG. 2 In the embodiment shown, the influence area 11 projects 152.0 mm into the funnel.

Der Trichter umfasst im Bereich seiner Grundfläche 22 um den freien Bereich und die Abdeckung 7 rotierende Schaufeln, welche ein auf der Grundfläche 22 situiertes Werkstück 1 direkt oder indirekt, das heißt über die Ebene 20 in den Einflussbereich 11 treiben.The funnel comprises in the region of its base surface 22 around the free area and the cover 7 rotating blades, which drive a workpiece 1 situated on the base surface 22 directly or indirectly, ie via the plane 20 into the influence region 11.

Die ringförmigen Anordnungen 23,24 umfassen eine konische ringförmige Anordnung 24 und eine an die konische Anordnung 24 anschließende, unterhalb dieser angeordnete senkrecht orientierte ringförmige Anordnung 23. Die Höhe der ringförmigen Anordnungen betragen jeweils 700,0mm.The annular assemblies 23,24 include a conical annular assembly 24 and a vertically oriented annular assembly 23 adjacent thereto and disposed below the conical assembly 24. The height of the annular assemblies are each 700.0mm.

Ein in den Trichter 21 eingebrachtes Werkstück 1 wird durch den als Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 wirkenden Trichter 21 in den Einflussbereich 11 gebracht.A workpiece 1 inserted in the hopper 21 is brought into the influence area 11 by the hopper 21 acting as the workpiece feeding device 6.

Ein über den freien Bereich aus dem Einflussbereich 11 ausgeworfenes Werkstück trifft auf der ringförmigen Anordnung auf und wird durch den Trichter als Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung in den Einflussbereich 11 rücktransportiert.An ejected over the free area from the influence area 11 workpiece strikes on the annular arrangement and is transported back through the hopper as a workpiece feeding device in the influence area 11.

Das auf eine definierte Größe zerkleinerte Werkstück wird durch ein Sieb 5 als Ausgabeeinheit ausgegeben. Das Sieb 5 erstreckt sich unterhalb des Zerkleinerungswerkzeuges 4. Das Sieb 5 ist in einem Abstand von 35,0mm zu dem Einflussbereich 11 angeordnet. Das Sieb 5 weist somit einen um 35,0mm größeren Radius als der Einflussbereich 11 auf.The workpiece comminuted to a defined size is discharged through a wire 5 as an output unit. The sieve 5 extends below the comminuting tool 4. The sieve 5 is arranged at a distance of 35.0 mm from the influence region 11. The sieve 5 thus has a radius larger by 35.0 mm than the influence region 11.

Die angeordnete Vorrichtung umfasst weiters eine Abdeckung 7, welche Abdeckung 7 zumindest einen Abdeckungsbereich um das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 und oberhalb des Siebes 5 abdeckt, in welchem Bereich der Werkzeugbeschleunigungsvektor 8c des Werkstückes 1 vom Sieb und von der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung weg weist. Die Abdeckung 7 erstreckt sich über die gesamte Breite des Einflussbereiches 11 (normal zu Betrachtungsebene Figur 2 und Figur 3).The arranged device further comprises a cover 7, which cover 7 covers at least one coverage area around the comminution tool 4 and above the screen 5, in which area the tool acceleration vector 8c of the workpiece 1 points away from the screen and from the workpiece feed device. The cover 7 extends over the entire width of the influence area 11 (normal to the viewing plane FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 ).

Die Abdeckung 7 durchstößt die Grundfläche 22. Die Abdeckung 7 ragt bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform um ein Maß von 152,0cm in den vom Trichter 21 eingeschlossenen Bereich,The cover 7 pierces the base 22. The cover 7 protrudes at the in FIG. 2 shown embodiment by a measure of 152,0cm in the area enclosed by the hopper 21,

Die Werkstückzuführung 6, das Sieb 5 und die Abdeckung 7 sind um das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 so anzuordnen, dass ein freier Bereich um das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 4 ausgebildet wird, in welchem freien Bereich zumindest eine Komponente des Werkzeugbeschleunigungsvektors 8d des Werkstückes 1d auf einen Teil der Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6, hier auf den Trichter 21 gerichtet ist. Ein Werkstück, das durch die Beschleunigung durch das Zerkleinerungswerkstück 4 aus dem Einflussbereich 11 in etwa entlang der Bewegungsbahn 26 beschleunigt wird, wird auf die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6, im genaueren auf den Trichter 21 geschleudert, durch welche das Werkstück 1 wiederum in den Einflussbereich 11 direkt und indirekt, das heißt über die Ebene 21 und/oder die Grundfläche 22 rückbewegt wird.The workpiece feed 6, the wire 5 and the cover 7 are to be arranged around the comminution tool 4 so that a free area is formed around the comminuting tool 4, in which free area at least one component of the tool acceleration vector 8d of the workpiece 1d is applied to a part of the workpiece feed device 6, here is directed to the hopper 21. A workpiece, which is accelerated by the acceleration through the crushing workpiece 4 from the influence area 11 approximately along the movement path 26, is thrown onto the workpiece feeding device 6, in more detail on the hopper 21, through which the workpiece 1 in turn directly into the influence area 11 and indirectly, that is, via the plane 21 and / or the base 22 is moved back.

Die Abdeckung 7 weist zu dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug einen sich in Werkzeugdrehrichtung verjüngenden Spalt auf. Durch diesen sich verjüngenden Spalt wird die Größe des Werkstückes definiert, welches Werkstück 1 durch den freien Bereich auf die Werkstückzufuhrvorrichtung 6 beschleunigt werden kann. Bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform weist der Spalt am Ende der Abdeckung (in Werkzeugdrehrichtung gesehen) ein Maß von 25,0mm auf. Figur 2 zeigt einen sich kontinuierlich verjüngenden Spalt von einem Abstand 35,0mm auf 25,0mm.The cover 7 has to the crushing tool on a tapering in tool rotation gap. By this tapered gap, the size of the workpiece is defined, which workpiece 1 can be accelerated by the free area on the workpiece feeding device 6. At the in FIG. 2 In the embodiment shown, the gap at the end of the cover (viewed in the direction of tool rotation) has a dimension of 25.0 mm. FIG. 2 shows a continuously tapered gap from a distance of 35.0mm to 25.0mm.

Die Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 umfasst weiters um das Sieb 5 angeordnete Leitflächen 25, welche Leitflächen 25 die durch das Sieb 5 getretenen Werkstücke 1 bündeln.The arrangement according to FIG. 2 further comprises the sieve 5 arranged guide surfaces 25, which guide surfaces 25 bundle the stepped through the sieve 5 workpieces 1.

Claims (4)

  1. An arrangement for crushing solid work pieces (1), comprising
    - a crushing tool (4) rotating around a tool axis (2) in a direction of tool rotation (3) with a circle of movement (12) having a diameter d, said crushing tool (4) seizing said work piece (1),
    - a discharge unit comprising a sieve (5) arranged in an area below said crushing tool (4),
    - a work piece supply device (6) which conveys said work piece (1) into an area of reach (11) of said crushing tool (4), the acceleration vector (8b) of the work piece (1) being directed towards the sieve in said area, said work piece supply device (6) having a plane (20) which essentially determines the acceleration vector (8b) of the work piece (1a) which slides on said plane, and
    - a cover (7), said cover (7) covering at least a cover area around said crushing tool (4) and above said sieve (5), the tool acceleration vector (8c) of said work piece (1) being directed away from the sieve and the work piece supply device in said area, said cover (7) being separated by a gap (13) from the movement circle (12) and a free area being left around the crushing tool (4), at least one component of the tool acceleration vector (8d) of the work piece (1) being directed towards the work piece supply device in said free area, characterized in that the plane (20) of the work piece supply device (6) is inclined in relation to the horizontal level at an angle ranging from more than 0 to 20 degrees (angle β), so that the work piece which slides or rolls around on said plane (20) covers a height difference t of up to 200 mm, and that said cover (7) reaches the upper summit of the movement circle (12) of the crushing tool (4) and that the gap (13) is continuously tapering in the direction of tool rotation between the inlet (14) and the outlet (15).
  2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the work piece supply device comprises a driven conveying unit.
  3. The arrangement according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the tangent of the work piece supply device (6) and the tangent of the sieve (5) meet to form an angle of more than 180 degrees in the transition area between said work piece supply device (6) and said sieve (5).
  4. The arrangement according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said crushing tool is a hammering machine and/or a saw and/or comprises elements which compress the work piece.
EP16157251.6A 2015-03-12 2016-02-25 Assembly for disintegrating workpieces Active EP3067117B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA137/2015A AT516920B1 (en) 2015-03-12 2015-03-12 Arrangement for crushing workpieces

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EP3067117A1 EP3067117A1 (en) 2016-09-14
EP3067117B1 true EP3067117B1 (en) 2018-06-06

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Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734686A (en) * 1956-02-14 oberhellmann
US1440429A (en) * 1922-09-01 1923-01-02 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Breaker plate for crushers
US4361290A (en) 1980-06-23 1982-11-30 Francis Peter M Adjustable rotary crusher
DE3306068A1 (en) 1983-02-22 1984-08-30 Kurt Messen Gisiger CRUSHING DEVICE AND METHOD, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WOODCHIPS
CN2060087U (en) 1989-01-17 1990-08-08 沈阳电力机械厂 Ring hammer crusher
JPH10230177A (en) 1997-02-18 1998-09-02 Komatsu Zenoah Co Destruction rubbish crushing apparatus
JP3642733B2 (en) 2000-12-20 2005-04-27 セントラル硝子株式会社 Equipment for separating and collecting laminated glass into glass pieces and interlayer pieces
DE10104154C1 (en) 2001-01-30 2002-07-25 Engelbert Vodermair Saw or cutter has cutting appliances, feeders, support shaft, transport carriers, and sloping guide surface with lower arm
KR100441917B1 (en) 2001-04-28 2004-07-30 주식회사 드림바이오스 Automatic crushing and sorting equipment of garbage and method for sorting out foreign substance in the garbage
US6843435B2 (en) 2002-11-18 2005-01-18 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Mill box for materials grinder
CN202316014U (en) 2011-07-26 2012-07-11 杨桦 Double bidirectional double-speed crusher
CN202410747U (en) 2011-10-31 2012-09-05 杨桦 Automatic sieving combined crusher
CN102527473A (en) 2012-01-20 2012-07-04 宁波开诚生态技术有限公司 Efficient closed mechanical pulverizer

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Publication number Publication date
AT516920A1 (en) 2016-09-15
AT516920B1 (en) 2018-07-15
EP3067117A1 (en) 2016-09-14
HUE039065T2 (en) 2018-12-28

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