EP3019792B1 - Combustion furnace having a lifting mechanism for conveying the fuel - Google Patents

Combustion furnace having a lifting mechanism for conveying the fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3019792B1
EP3019792B1 EP14745062.1A EP14745062A EP3019792B1 EP 3019792 B1 EP3019792 B1 EP 3019792B1 EP 14745062 A EP14745062 A EP 14745062A EP 3019792 B1 EP3019792 B1 EP 3019792B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
grate
combustion
shaft
combustion furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14745062.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3019792A1 (en
Inventor
Josef LUMPER
Jens-Michael KIRCHHOF
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Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH
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Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH
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Publication of EP3019792A1 publication Critical patent/EP3019792A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/06—Provision for vertical adjustment of grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERALĀ ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuelĀ 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuelĀ  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/007—Regulating fuel supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/04—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heatingĀ ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/187—Condition responsive controls for regulating combustionĀ 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/193—Grates; Irons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion furnace for solid fuel, in particular a wood-burning stove, with a combustion chamber, which is associated with a storage space for supplying and refueling, wherein the combustion furnace has a height-adjustable grate in a substantially non-ventilated shaft, wherein below the combustion chamber Unvented shaft as a storage space for the fuel and in which the grate is provided as a platform for the fuel supply for supplying and refueling of fuel from the storage room into the firebox.
  • the US 20060096585 A also relates to a grill with a stationary arranged charcoal bowl.
  • a kinematic scissors and with an electromotive spindle drive the grill grate is changed in the distance to the charcoal grill.
  • Temperature sensors measure the effective grill temperature and raise or lower the grill to keep a desired grill temperature constant.
  • From the GB 972341 A is a coal furnace with arranged above the firebox storage space for coal known.
  • the grate which limits the firebox down, can be lowered to accommodate the ash or slag and eventually tilted for emptying. About the height adjustment, the power can also be controlled.
  • the furnace is thus fed from above with fresh coal in the manner of a continuous fire, with heat exchangers for hot water preparation (central heating) being provided in the parting plane between the storage space and the combustion chamber.
  • the CH 281678 A relates to a furnace with adjustable grate, with the aim of adjusting the heat output by raising or lowering the fire and the embers in the fire shaft to the needs.
  • a storage room for fuel is not provided.
  • This also applies to the oven after the CN 2086372 U , It is a cooker with an attachable saucepan and a lowered against the force of a spring rust.
  • the coal ignited on the grate becomes ash and slag after ignition and thus lighter.
  • the decreasing heat output that goes hand in hand with this is compensated by raising the remaining embers, so that the heat output of the amount of coal used (in this case 0.5 kg) can be kept approximately the same until extinguished.
  • a lever system for adjusting the grate can also be used. This makes it possible to keep the heat output constant by lifting, but also by lowering to reduce, for example, to prevent overcooking during the cooking process.
  • the FR 445970 A relates to an oven that can be used both as a stove, as well as a hotplate.
  • the hearth which consists of a fire bowl with a ground formed as a grate, in the interior of the furnace in height adjustable. If the fire bowl is inside one cylindrical shell of heat-storing material at the bottom, then it is heated in the first place. When cranking up the firebox in the internal thread of the furnace liner, place the firebox immediately under the furnace plate, which forms the cooking plate for heating pans or pots. The entire cylindrical interior of the furnace is ventilated from below. A refueling into the fire bowl takes place from above after removing the hotplate.
  • the DE 3538511 A1 relates to underfeed firing with a horizontal auger which forces the fuel from a separate silo through a vertical fuel supply duct into a fire pit.
  • the bottom of the fire bowl is formed by a perforated annular disc which surrounds the fuel feed channel like a collar.
  • the fuel supply passage is telescopically inserted and deployed, thus positioning the washer within the fire pit.
  • 2,624,329 relates to a combi stove with a hotplate, a grate that carries the entire fuel charge and can be adjusted by a lifting spindle or scissors (possibly with electric drive) for temperature adjustment up and down at a distance from the hotplate.
  • a cage of vertical bars surrounds the grate and serves for air circulation, as well as the anti-rotation of the grate in vertical positioning.
  • the outgoing heat can be used for heating domestic hot water or for space heating.
  • the invention aims to keep a log fire, without refueling by hand, to keep going for several hours.
  • a combustion furnace according to the invention of the type described above, characterized in that in the region of the confluence of the non-ventilated shaft in the combustion chamber surrounding a junction nozzle ring is provided for air supply into an annular space of a first combustion zone.
  • the provided for refueling fuel such as logs, are thus placed on the platform located in the uppermost position prior to commissioning of the stove, this gradually lowered while stacking more logs until the platform in the unventilated shaft drove all the way down and the shaft is completely filled.
  • the logs lying in the focal plane with the lateral air supply are ignited.
  • a further nozzle ring is provided for air supply at a distance above the first nozzle ring which ignites flammable gases from the first combustion zone in a second combustion zone in the combustion chamber, wherein the second nozzle ring is in an annular space with preferably smaller diameter than that the annular space of the first nozzle ring and the annular space forms the mouthpiece of a burner.
  • the firebox with an openable window is located above the or the nozzle rings for the supply of combustion air.
  • the elevator via a crank, a cable or by means of a lever can be activated. If one recognizes that it would be useful as a result of the progressive burn-up in the focal plane and a decreasing flame height in the firebox to refill wood, then the elevator is operated by hand.
  • the platform carrying the logs is e.g. lifted slightly by means of the crank and a spindle drive, a gear rack or a kinematic scissors so that new logs get into the focal plane with the lateral air supply nozzles.
  • a stove of the usual size for a living room can be maintained in this way a fire for six hours or more.
  • Such a stove can be equipped with a water jacket and form the heat source for central heating.
  • An automatic heating results from the fact that the elevator has a motor drive, which is controllable in dependence on the combustion, for example by the exhaust gas temperature as a reference variable in terms of refilling, in particular the lifting speed of the fuel. If the exhaust gas temperature drops below an adjustable limit value, then the electromotive drive for the elevator, for example, is briefly switched on, so that new fuel is lifted into the focal plane. Thereby, a continuous burning process can be maintained.
  • a arranged approximately in a living room stove with visible flame, which works as a burner for central heating, can be operated even in the absence of many hours.
  • the elevator has a spring store with a spiral spring, which can be tensioned and / or recharged by means of a crank or the like while the grate is lowered, and that one Gear with a Hubspindel- or rack and pinion for the rust a regulator for the hub eg a wind vane controller as an aerodynamic escapement or one with a controlled by the exhaust gas temperature brake, for example, eddy current brake with variable braking power is switched on.
  • the coil spring is tensioned at the same time.
  • the torque of the coil spring is released slowly via a gear with activated escapement or brake similar to a clockwork.
  • the braking power can be changed as needed by means of the controller.
  • the necessary lifting force can be applied for a continuous stroke of eg 50 cm over 6 hours.
  • a temperature sensor of the exhaust gas temperature via an actuator, a cam or a cam slide shifts or linearly displaced having at least one, preferably a plurality of cams, which lever act as a sensor, wherein a lever carries permanent magnets , the temperature-dependent more or less pivotable or slidable over a disc of the eddy current brake, wherein a second lever is kinematically connected to a flue damper for temperature-dependent opening or closing and a third lever flaps such as primary air flaps and secondary air flaps of the lateral air supply into the focal plane or the Firebox controls with regard to the opening angle.
  • the stroke speed ie the refueling of fuel
  • the fresh air volumes in the focal plane and the deduction cross section can be adjusted so that a burn is achieved permanently and with particularly good efficiency.
  • At least one mechanical stop is provided directly above the focal plane, which limits the stroke of the elevator when it contacts the ignited fuel and its position the level of air supply is preset.
  • the fuel abuts the stop and prevents unnecessary further rotation of the crank or lifting the grate and limits the amount of fuel supplied to the required level.
  • a motor drive ends the hub in any case, if the fuel, so here for example logs, pending the stop. Only when a certain layer has burned off, a hub can be made again.
  • the pan unlocks when the door is open.
  • the incinerator is particularly suitable for all wood fuels, such as wood briquettes.
  • wood fuels such as wood briquettes.
  • the storage space is formed as a circular cylindrical, tubular shaft for receiving preferably circular cylindrical wood briquettes.
  • the then plate-shaped grate which actually represents the platform for the still unused fuel supply to be supplied, is increased inside the tube depending on the combustion or constant or simply by manual operation in the tube, which is substantially unaerated.
  • This burner is similar to a candle in a candlestick, which is raised with increasing burn, so that the flame is always burning at the same height substantially.
  • the grid as a platform for supporting and Nachschieben the fuel supply rotatable about a vertical axis in the shaft is arranged and over one Rotary drive in addition to the elevator has.
  • the ash can then easily trickle down in the gap between the lateral surface of the wood briquettes and the inner pipe wall and is caught there in an ash tray.
  • the rotation of the fuel supply also counteracts jamming in the stroke movement in the interior of the tube. As a result of the uniform burning on the surface, the efficiency increases. The heat is released evenly throughout the firebox.
  • a stove after the Fig. 1 and 2 comprises a combustion chamber 1, which merges upwards into a flue 2 for the flue gases and has a grate 3 at the bottom.
  • the grate 3 is arranged vertically adjustable within a shaft 4 by means of racks.
  • a coil spring 7 is stretched while lowering the grate 3 for the purpose of filling or loading with wood.
  • the coil spring 7 is part of a mechanical lifting gear and outputs the stored torque via a gear 8 and a brake disc 9, acting on the permanent magnets 10 braking, to the pinion of the racks 5 from.
  • the brake here "eddy current brakeā€ can be set by hand so that the torque is released very slowly (clockwise) eg within 6 hours.
  • the hoist has a temperature-dependent control in the embodiment.
  • a temperature sensor 12 is provided in the fume hood 2 and measures the flue gas temperature in the flue 2.
  • an actuator 13 Via a capillary, into which even more temperature values can be fed, an actuator 13 is operated with a piston and a piston rod which acts eccentrically on a cam 14 and this possibly twisted over a further leverage.
  • the base of the actuator 13 is adjustable in height, whereby the parameters described below (braking power, combustion air, flue gas flap position) are jointly adjustable in the sense of a throttled or high-fire fire.
  • a two-armed lever 15 scans one of the curves 16 and pushes the permanent magnets 10 more and more on the brake disk 9 when the exhaust gas temperature measured by the temperature sensor 12 increases.
  • a stop 23 is provided above the focal plane. Logs can be lifted on this stop 23 neither in cranking operation, nor in a motor-driven elevator. For example, the crank 6 can only be turned on again (for adding wood) if a corresponding height of the fuel material in the combustion chamber has burned down.
  • the stop 23 can be swung to the side. Thus, the free access to place the logs on the grate 3 is given.
  • a kinematic connection between the stopper 23 and the oven door causes the stopper 23 to pivot sideways as soon as the oven door opens.
  • an oven constructed for circular-cylindrical wood briquettes 25, 25 ' has a tubular circular-cylindrical shaft 26 in which the wood briquettes 25, 25' rest on a platform as a fuel supply.
  • These circular bricks carrying the wood briquettes 25, 25 ' are formed with axial openings as a grate 27, which can be lowered manually or automatically in the shaft 26 opening from below into the combustion chamber 28 for feeding fuel and can be lowered for loading.
  • a first nozzle ring 29 is provided for the supply of combustion air, in the plane of which the end face of the uppermost wood briquette 25 is located.
  • a second nozzle rim 31 for fresh air supply is provided in a arranged above, removable for loading with wood briquettes bottom plate and brings oxygen into a second combustion zone.
  • the second nozzle ring 31 is located in the lateral surface of a second annular space 32, whose diameter in the embodiment is smaller than the diameter of the wood briquettes 25, 25 '. If the diameter is greater than the diameter of the wood briquettes 25, 25 ', then the removable base plate can remain in the combustion chamber 28 even during loading. In the second combustion zone, the still unburned gases from the first combustion zone are ignited. This results in a flame in the combustion chamber 28 above the second annulus 32, which effectively forms the mouthpiece of a burner.
  • the fresh air or combustion air supply can be forcibly controlled via a controllable fan or via valves, for example via the exhaust air temperature as a reference variable.
  • the automatic Nachschieben the fuel supply can be controlled by the exhaust air temperature to ensure a constant flame in the combustion chamber 28 at complete combustion largely exhaust-free.
  • Fig. 3 shows further that the grate 27 here on a carriage 33 in the shaft 26 adjustable in height (rollers 34) and in addition to the vertical central axis rotatable (roller 35) is arranged. While the hub causes fuel replenishment, rotation of the fuel supply in the well 26 results in uniform burnup and facilitates the removal of ash from the burn zone down into an ash chamber 36.
  • the annular gap 37 eg, 6 mm
  • the grate 27 has edge recesses 38, which allow falling through of ash.
  • the annular gap would have to be at least 12 mm.
  • a fully automatic control of the incinerator is additionally shown.
  • a temperature sensor 39 is provided above the combustion chamber 28 .
  • This is connected to a control unit 40 for guiding the same, on the one hand, the combustion air via flaps (primary air flaps, secondary air flaps) and or or metered by a blower 41 and on the other hand, the hub and the rotation of the grate 27 and thus the fuel supply (here the wood briquettes 25, 25 ') activated.
  • lifting and rotary drives are electric motors, eg servo motors with gears and mechanical arrangements (see Fig. 4 ) in question.
  • crank-operated rotary mechanisms for the grate 27 for common or separate activation of the two functions (lifting, turning) possible.
  • FIG. 4 An example of an electromechanical lifting and turning device is in Fig. 4 shown, the furnace according to Fig. 3 in cross section according to the line IV-IV shows.
  • the grate 27 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 42 which is vertically movable on a spindle 43.
  • the spindle 43 is driven by a servo motor 44 which is controlled by the controller 40 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) is switched on when falling below an exhaust or exhaust air temperature threshold for a number of revolutions of the spindle 43.
  • the controller 40 FIG. Fig. 3
  • 25 'from the top of the grate 27 is moved all the way down in the shaft 26.
  • a shaft 45 Parallel to the spindle 43, a shaft 45 is mounted, which has an axial groove 46 over the entire length (see cross-sectional view). In the groove 46 engages a driver of a pinion 47, which is penetrated by the shaft 45 as a rotation axis and along the shaft 45 slides freely in the axial direction.
  • This pinion 47 is rotatably mounted in the bracket 42 and transmits, for example by means of a toothed belt or a chain 48, the rotation of the shaft 45 on a sprocket 49.
  • the latter is rotatably mounted on the grate 27. Thereby, a rotation of the shaft 45 is transmitted to the grate 27.
  • the shaft 45 is over a servomotor 50 driven permanently or intermittently, wherein the controller 40 ( Fig. 3 ) issued the power on and off commands to the servo motor 50.
  • the console 42 passes through the lateral surface of the shaft 26 in a vertical slot, which is covered by telescopic plates ride along with the console 42 and or or the spindle 43 and the shaft 45 are located in a housing or a casing, which is closed to the outside so that no combustion air penetrates, so that the combustion is limited to the aforementioned combustion zones.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verbrennungsofen fĆ¼r feste Brennstoffe, insbesondere einen Kaminofen fĆ¼r Holz, mit einem Feuerraum, dem ein Vorratsraum zum ZufĆ¼hren und Nachlegen von Brennstoff zugeordnet ist, wobei der Verbrennungsofen einen hƶhenverstellbaren Rost in einem im Wesentlichen unbelĆ¼fteten Schacht aufweist, wobei unterhalb des Feuerraums ein unbelĆ¼fteter Schacht als Vorratsraum fĆ¼r den Brennstoff und in diesem der Rost als Plattform fĆ¼r den Brennstoffvorrat zum ZufĆ¼hren und Nachlegen von Brennstoff aus dem Vorratsraum in den Feuerraum vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a combustion furnace for solid fuel, in particular a wood-burning stove, with a combustion chamber, which is associated with a storage space for supplying and refueling, wherein the combustion furnace has a height-adjustable grate in a substantially non-ventilated shaft, wherein below the combustion chamber Unvented shaft as a storage space for the fuel and in which the grate is provided as a platform for the fuel supply for supplying and refueling of fuel from the storage room into the firebox.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Feuerstellen mit entnehmbaren Rosten, die in unterschiedlichen Hƶhen eingeschoben werden kƶnnen, sind zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Brennstoffe sowie auch zur Distanzeinstellung etwa zu einem Wassermantel fĆ¼r eine Zentralheizung bekannt. Eine mechanische Hƶhenverstellung eines Holzkohlenrostes mittels eines Kurbeltriebes kann der US 5996572 A entnommen werden. Es wird die Distanz zwischen Glut und Grillgut eingestellt und dadurch die wirksame Grilltemperatur vorgegeben. Wesentlich ist nach der US-AusfĆ¼hrung, dass der Raum unter dem Rost fĆ¼r die Holzkohle belĆ¼ftet ist. Zur Beschleunigung der Luftzirkulation unterhalb und Ć¼ber der Glut ist seitlich ein GeblƤse angeordnet. Wenn mittels HeiƟluft gegart werden soll, dann wird eine Haube Ć¼ber den Grillrost gestĆ¼lpt. Das Brennmaterial, hier also Holzkohle, wird in seiner Gesamtheit entzĆ¼ndet und zu Glut umgewandelt. Ein Nachschieben neuer Holzkohle ist nicht vorgesehen.Fireplaces with removable grids, which can be inserted at different heights, are known to adapt to different fuels as well as to the distance setting about to a water jacket for central heating. A mechanical height adjustment of a charcoal grate by means of a crank mechanism, the US 5996572 A be removed. It sets the distance between embers and grilled food and thereby dictates the effective grill temperature. It is essential, according to the US version, that the space under the grate for the charcoal is ventilated. To accelerate the air circulation below and above the embers, a fan is arranged on the side. If you want to cook by means of hot air, then a hood is slipped over the grill. The fuel, in this case charcoal, is ignited in its entirety and converted to glow. A new addition of charcoal is not provided.

Die US 20060096585 A betrifft ebenfalls einen Griller mit einer stationƤr angeordneten Holzkohlenschale. Mittels einer kinematischen Schere und mit einem elektromotorischen Spindeltrieb wird der Grillrost in der Distanz zum Holzkohlenrost verƤndert. TemperaturfĆ¼hler messen die wirksame Grilltemperatur und heben oder senken den Grillrost, um eine gewĆ¼nschte Grilltemperatur konstant zu halten.The US 20060096585 A also relates to a grill with a stationary arranged charcoal bowl. By means of a kinematic scissors and with an electromotive spindle drive the grill grate is changed in the distance to the charcoal grill. Temperature sensors measure the effective grill temperature and raise or lower the grill to keep a desired grill temperature constant.

Aus der GB 972341 A ist ein Kohleofen mit oberhalb des Feuerraumes angeordnetem Vorratsraum fĆ¼r Kohle bekannt. Der Feuerrost, der den Feuerraum nach unten begrenzt, kann zur Aufnahme der Asche bzw. Schlacke abgesenkt und schlieƟlich zur Entleerung gekippt werden. Ɯber die Hƶhenverstellung kann ferner die Leistung geregelt werden. Der Ofen wird somit in der Art eines Dauerbrandofens von oben mit frischer Kohle gespeist, wobei in der Trennebene zwischen Vorratsraum und Feuerraum WƤrmetauscher zur HeiƟwasserbereitung (Zentralheizung) vorgesehen sind. Die Kohle sinkt aus dem Vorratsraum langsam bis zum Feuerraum ab, wird dort verbrannt und das Feuer bzw. die Glut kann lange im Wirkungsbereich des WƤrmetauschers aufrecht erhalten werden, weil die zunehmend anfallende Asche und die Schlacke auf dem Rost nach unten abgesenkt und schlieƟlich entladen wird.From the GB 972341 A is a coal furnace with arranged above the firebox storage space for coal known. The grate, which limits the firebox down, can be lowered to accommodate the ash or slag and eventually tilted for emptying. About the height adjustment, the power can also be controlled. The furnace is thus fed from above with fresh coal in the manner of a continuous fire, with heat exchangers for hot water preparation (central heating) being provided in the parting plane between the storage space and the combustion chamber. The coal sinks slowly from the storage room to the firebox where it is burned and the fire or embers can be maintained long in the area of action of the heat exchanger because the increasingly accumulating ash and slag are lowered down the grate and finally discharged ,

Die CH 281678 A betrifft eine Feuerung mit verstellbarem Rost, mit dem Ziel, die WƤrmeleistung durch Anheben oder Absenken des Feuers und der Glut im Feuerschacht dem Bedarf anzupassen. Ein Vorratsraum fĆ¼r Brennstoff ist nicht vorgesehen. Dies gilt auch fĆ¼r den Ofen nach der CN 2086372 U . Dabei handelt es sich um einen Kocher mit aufsetzbarem Kochtopf und einem gegen die Kraft einer Feder absenkbaren Rost. Die auf dem Rost entzĆ¼ndete Kohle wird nach Entflammung zu Asche und Schlacke und somit leichter. Die damit Hand in Hand gehende abnehmende WƤrmeleistung wird durch Anheben der verbleibenden Glut kompensiert, sodass die WƤrmeleistung der eingesetzten Kohlemenge (hier 0,5 kg) bis zum Erlƶschen annƤhernd gleich gehalten werden kann. Alternativ zur Federlagerung des Rostes kann auch ein Hebelsystem zur Verstellung des Rostes eingesetzt werden. Damit ist es mƶglich, die WƤrmeleistung durch Anheben konstant zu halten, aber auch durch Absenken zu reduzieren, um beim Kochvorgang beispielsweise ein Ɯberkochen zu verhindern.The CH 281678 A relates to a furnace with adjustable grate, with the aim of adjusting the heat output by raising or lowering the fire and the embers in the fire shaft to the needs. A storage room for fuel is not provided. This also applies to the oven after the CN 2086372 U , It is a cooker with an attachable saucepan and a lowered against the force of a spring rust. The coal ignited on the grate becomes ash and slag after ignition and thus lighter. The decreasing heat output that goes hand in hand with this is compensated by raising the remaining embers, so that the heat output of the amount of coal used (in this case 0.5 kg) can be kept approximately the same until extinguished. Alternatively to the spring mounting of the grate, a lever system for adjusting the grate can also be used. This makes it possible to keep the heat output constant by lifting, but also by lowering to reduce, for example, to prevent overcooking during the cooking process.

Die FR 445970 A betrifft einen Ofen, der sowohl als Heizofen, als auch als Kochstelle genĆ¼tzt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Feuerstelle, die aus einer Feuerschale mit einem als Rost ausgebildeten Boden besteht, im Inneren des Ofens in der Hƶhe verstellbar. Befindet sich die Feuerschale innerhalb eines zylindrischen Mantels aus wƤrmespeicherndem Material ganz unten, dann wird in erster Linie geheizt. Kurbelt man die Feuerschale im Innengewinde der Ofenauskleidung nach oben, dann positioniert man die Feuerschale unmittelbar unter der Ofenplatte, die die Kochplatte fĆ¼r das Erhitzen von Pfannen oder Tƶpfen bildet. Der gesamte zylindrische Innenraum des Ofens ist von unten her belĆ¼ftet. Ein Nachlegen in die Feuerschale hinein erfolgt von oben nach Entfernen der Kochplatte.
Die DE 3538511 A1 betrifft eine Unterschubbefeuerung mit einer horizontalen Schnecke, die den Brennstoff aus einem separaten Silo durch einen vertikalen Brennstoff-ZufĆ¼hrungskanal in eine Feuermulde drĆ¼ckt. Der Boden der Feuermulde wird von einer gelochten Ringscheibe gebildet, die den Brennstoff-ZufĆ¼hrungskanal kragenartig umgibt. Der Brennstoff-ZufĆ¼hrungskanal ist teleskopartig ein und ausschiebbar und positioniert so die Ringscheibe innerhalb der Feuermulde. Es lƤsst sich durch VerƤndern der Position in AbhƤngigkeit von der Form und der Zusammensetzung des Brennstoffes eine stets konstante pilzfƶrmige OberflƤche des Brennstoffes in der Feuermulde erreichen. Je nach BrennstoffqualitƤt sollte die Einstellung zur Optimierung neu vorgenommen werden. Dieses Dokument offenbart darĆ¼ber hinaus den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die US 2 624 329 A betrifft einen Kombi-Kochherd mit einer Kochplatte, einen Rost, der die gesamte Brennstoff-Charge trƤgt und der durch eine Hubspindel oder Schere (ggf. mit Elektroantrieb) zur Temperatureinstellung nach oben und unten im Abstand zur Kochplatte verstellt werden kann. Ein KƤfig aus vertikalen StƤben umgibt den Rost und dient der Luftzirkulation, wie auch der Drehsicherung des Rostes bei der vertikalen Positionierung. Die abstrƶmende WƤrme kann zur ErwƤrmung von Brauchwasser oder zur Raumheizung verwendet werden.The FR 445970 A relates to an oven that can be used both as a stove, as well as a hotplate. For this purpose, the hearth, which consists of a fire bowl with a ground formed as a grate, in the interior of the furnace in height adjustable. If the fire bowl is inside one cylindrical shell of heat-storing material at the bottom, then it is heated in the first place. When cranking up the firebox in the internal thread of the furnace liner, place the firebox immediately under the furnace plate, which forms the cooking plate for heating pans or pots. The entire cylindrical interior of the furnace is ventilated from below. A refueling into the fire bowl takes place from above after removing the hotplate.
The DE 3538511 A1 relates to underfeed firing with a horizontal auger which forces the fuel from a separate silo through a vertical fuel supply duct into a fire pit. The bottom of the fire bowl is formed by a perforated annular disc which surrounds the fuel feed channel like a collar. The fuel supply passage is telescopically inserted and deployed, thus positioning the washer within the fire pit. By varying the position, depending on the shape and composition of the fuel, it is possible to achieve an always constant mushroom-shaped surface of the fuel in the fire pit. Depending on the fuel quality, the setting for optimization should be made anew. This document also discloses the preamble of claim 1. The US Pat. No. 2,624,329 relates to a combi stove with a hotplate, a grate that carries the entire fuel charge and can be adjusted by a lifting spindle or scissors (possibly with electric drive) for temperature adjustment up and down at a distance from the hotplate. A cage of vertical bars surrounds the grate and serves for air circulation, as well as the anti-rotation of the grate in vertical positioning. The outgoing heat can be used for heating domestic hot water or for space heating.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, ein Kaminfeuer, ohne Brennstoff hƤndisch nachzulegen, Ć¼ber mehrere Stunden in Gang zu halten.The invention aims to keep a log fire, without refueling by hand, to keep going for several hours.

Dies wird bei einem erfindungsgemƤƟen Verbrennungsofen der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch erreicht, dass im Bereich der EinmĆ¼ndung des unbelĆ¼fteten Schachtes in den Feuerraum ein die EinmĆ¼ndung umgebender DĆ¼senkranz zur LuftzufĆ¼hrung in einen Ringraum einer ersten Brennzone vorgesehen ist. Der fĆ¼r das Nachlegen vorgesehene Brennstoff, beispielsweise Holzscheite, werden somit vor Inbetriebnahme des Kaminofens auf die in der obersten Stellung befindliche Plattform gelegt, diese nach und nach abgesenkt und dabei weitere Holzscheite aufgeschichtet, bis die Plattform im unbelĆ¼fteten Schacht ganz nach unten gefahren und der Schacht vollstƤndig befĆ¼llt ist. Die in der Brennebene mit der seitlichen Luftzufuhr liegenden Holzscheite werden entzĆ¼ndet. Sie brennen dort - und nur dort - infolge der Luftzufuhr, wƤhrend die darunter aufgeschichteten Holzscheite mangels BelĆ¼ftung nicht verbrennen, sondern den langfristigen Vorrat bilden. Es kƶnnen mehrere Brennzonen Ć¼bereinander vorgesehen sein. So ist es zweckmƤƟig, wenn ein weiterer DĆ¼senkranz zur LuftzufĆ¼hrung im Abstand Ć¼ber dem ersten DĆ¼senkranz vorgesehen ist, der in einer zweiten Brennzone im Feuerraum brennbare Gase aus der ersten Brennzone entzĆ¼ndet, wobei der zweite DĆ¼senkranz in einem Ringraum mit vorzugsweise kleinerem Durchmesser liegt, als der des Ringraumes des ersten DĆ¼senkranzes und der Ringraum das MundstĆ¼ck eines Brenners bildet. Der Feuerraum mit einem zu ƶffnenden Sichtfenster liegt oberhalb des oder der DĆ¼senkrƤnze fĆ¼r die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft.This is achieved in a combustion furnace according to the invention of the type described above, characterized in that in the region of the confluence of the non-ventilated shaft in the combustion chamber surrounding a junction nozzle ring is provided for air supply into an annular space of a first combustion zone. The provided for refueling fuel, such as logs, are thus placed on the platform located in the uppermost position prior to commissioning of the stove, this gradually lowered while stacking more logs until the platform in the unventilated shaft drove all the way down and the shaft is completely filled. The logs lying in the focal plane with the lateral air supply are ignited. They burn there - and only there - as a result of the air supply, while the logs piled thereunder do not burn because of lack of ventilation, but form the long-term supply. It can be provided one above the other several combustion zones. Thus, it is expedient if a further nozzle ring is provided for air supply at a distance above the first nozzle ring which ignites flammable gases from the first combustion zone in a second combustion zone in the combustion chamber, wherein the second nozzle ring is in an annular space with preferably smaller diameter than that the annular space of the first nozzle ring and the annular space forms the mouthpiece of a burner. The firebox with an openable window is located above the or the nozzle rings for the supply of combustion air.

Bei einer einfachen bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform ist das Hebewerk Ć¼ber eine Kurbel, einen Seilzug oder mittels eines Hebels aktivierbar. Erkennt man, dass es infolge des fortschreitenden Abbrandes in der Brennebene und einer immer kleiner werdenden Flammenhƶhe im Feuerraum zweckmƤƟig wƤre, Holz nachzulegen, dann wird von Hand das Hebewerk betƤtigt. Es wird die die Holzscheite tragende Plattform z.B. mittels der Kurbel und einen Spindeltrieb, ein Zahnstangengetriebe oder eine kinematische Schere etwas angehoben, sodass neue Holzscheite in die Brennebene mit den seitlichen LuftzufĆ¼hrungsdĆ¼sen gelangen. Bei einem Kaminofen der Ć¼blichen GrĆ¶ĆŸe fĆ¼r einen Wohnraum kann auf diese Weise ein Kaminfeuer Ć¼ber sechs und mehr Stunden aufrechterhalten werden. Ein solcher Kaminofen kann mit einem Wassermantel ausgestattet sein und die WƤrmequelle fĆ¼r eine Zentralheizung bilden.In a simple preferred embodiment, the elevator via a crank, a cable or by means of a lever can be activated. If one recognizes that it would be useful as a result of the progressive burn-up in the focal plane and a decreasing flame height in the firebox to refill wood, then the elevator is operated by hand. The platform carrying the logs is e.g. lifted slightly by means of the crank and a spindle drive, a gear rack or a kinematic scissors so that new logs get into the focal plane with the lateral air supply nozzles. In a stove of the usual size for a living room can be maintained in this way a fire for six hours or more. Such a stove can be equipped with a water jacket and form the heat source for central heating.

Eine automatische Heizung ergibt sich dadurch, dass das Hebewerk Ć¼ber einen motorischen Antrieb verfĆ¼gt, der in AbhƤngigkeit von der Verbrennung, z.B. durch die Abgastemperatur als FĆ¼hrungsgrĆ¶ĆŸe, hinsichtlich des Nachlegens, insbesondere der Hubgeschwindigkeit des Brennstoffes steuerbar ist. Sinkt die Abgastemperatur unter einen einstellbaren Grenzwert, dann wird der beispielsweise elektromotorische Antrieb fĆ¼r das Hebewerk kurzzeitig eingeschaltet, sodass neues Brennmaterial in die Brennebene gehoben wird. Dadurch kann ein kontinuierlicher Brennvorgang aufrechterhalten werden. Ein etwa in einem Wohnraum angeordneter Kaminofen mit sichtbarer Flamme, der als Brenner fĆ¼r eine Zentralheizung arbeitet, kann auch bei Abwesenheit fĆ¼r viele Stunden betrieben werden.
Eine weitere bevorzugte AusfĆ¼hrungsform, die keine fremde EnergiezufĆ¼hrung, wie etwa Strom, benƶtigt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hebewerk Ć¼ber einen Federspeicher mit Spiralfeder verfĆ¼gt, der mittels einer Kurbel oder dgl. bei gleichzeitiger Absenkung des Rostes spannbar bzw. aufladbar ist und dass einem Getriebe mit einem Hubspindel- oder Zahnstangentrieb fĆ¼r den Rost ein Regler fĆ¼r den Hub z.B. ein WindflĆ¼gelregler als aerodynamische Hemmung bzw. eine mit einer von der Abgastemperatur gesteuerte Bremse, beispielsweise Wirbelstrombremse mit variabler Bremsleistung, zugeschaltet ist. Durch das Beladen mit Brennstoff wie Holz und das mehrfache Herunterkurbeln des Rostes wird gleichzeitig die Spiralfeder gespannt. Das Drehmoment der Spiralfeder wird langsam Ć¼ber ein Getriebe mit zugeschalteter Hemmung oder Bremse Ƥhnlich einem Uhrwerk abgegeben. Die Bremsleistung kann mittels des Reglers bedarfsgerecht verƤndert werden. Dadurch kann die nƶtige Hubkraft fĆ¼r einen kontinuierlichen Hub von z.B. 50 cm Ć¼ber 6 Stunden aufgebracht werden.An automatic heating results from the fact that the elevator has a motor drive, which is controllable in dependence on the combustion, for example by the exhaust gas temperature as a reference variable in terms of refilling, in particular the lifting speed of the fuel. If the exhaust gas temperature drops below an adjustable limit value, then the electromotive drive for the elevator, for example, is briefly switched on, so that new fuel is lifted into the focal plane. Thereby, a continuous burning process can be maintained. A arranged approximately in a living room stove with visible flame, which works as a burner for central heating, can be operated even in the absence of many hours.
Another preferred embodiment, which does not require any external energy supply, such as electricity, is characterized in that the elevator has a spring store with a spiral spring, which can be tensioned and / or recharged by means of a crank or the like while the grate is lowered, and that one Gear with a Hubspindel- or rack and pinion for the rust a regulator for the hub eg a wind vane controller as an aerodynamic escapement or one with a controlled by the exhaust gas temperature brake, for example, eddy current brake with variable braking power is switched on. By loading with fuel such as wood and the multiple cranking down of the grate, the coil spring is tensioned at the same time. The torque of the coil spring is released slowly via a gear with activated escapement or brake similar to a clockwork. The braking power can be changed as needed by means of the controller. As a result, the necessary lifting force can be applied for a continuous stroke of eg 50 cm over 6 hours.

Eine Optimierung des Brennvorganges ergibt sich in bevorzugter Weise dadurch, dass ein TemperaturfĆ¼hler der Abgastemperatur Ć¼ber einen Stelltrieb eine Kurvenscheibe oder einen Kurvenschieber verdreht oder linear verschiebt, die mindestens eine, vorzugsweise mehrere Steuerkurven aufweisen, an welchen Hebel als FĆ¼hler anliegen, wobei ein Hebel Permanentmagnete trƤgt, die temperaturabhƤngig mehr oder weniger Ć¼ber eine Scheibe der Wirbelstrombremse schwenkbar oder schiebbar sind, wobei ein zweiter Hebel kinematisch mit einer Rauchgasklappe zum temperaturabhƤngigen Ɩffnen oder SchlieƟen verbunden ist und ein dritter Hebel Klappen wie beispielsweise PrimƤrluftklappen und SekundƤrluftklappen der seitlichen Luftzufuhr in die Brennebene bzw. den Feuerraum hinsichtlich der Ɩffnungswinkel steuert. Auf diese Weise kƶnnen die Hubgeschwindigkeit (also das Nachlegen von Brennmaterial), die Frischluftmengen in der Brennebene und der Abzugsquerschnitt so eingestellt werden, dass ein Abbrand dauerhaft und mit besonders gutem Wirkungsgrad erreicht wird.An optimization of the combustion process results in a preferred manner in that a temperature sensor of the exhaust gas temperature via an actuator, a cam or a cam slide shifts or linearly displaced having at least one, preferably a plurality of cams, which lever act as a sensor, wherein a lever carries permanent magnets , the temperature-dependent more or less pivotable or slidable over a disc of the eddy current brake, wherein a second lever is kinematically connected to a flue damper for temperature-dependent opening or closing and a third lever flaps such as primary air flaps and secondary air flaps of the lateral air supply into the focal plane or the Firebox controls with regard to the opening angle. In this way, the stroke speed (ie the refueling of fuel), the fresh air volumes in the focal plane and the deduction cross section can be adjusted so that a burn is achieved permanently and with particularly good efficiency.

Sowohl bei der einfachen handbetƤtigten, als auch bei der komplexen AusfĆ¼hrung mit Regelung ist es gemƤƟ einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform zweckmƤƟig, wenn mindestens ein mechanischer Anschlag unmittelbar Ć¼ber der Brennebene vorgesehen ist, der den Hub des Hebewerkes bei Anliegen an dem entzĆ¼ndeten Brennstoff begrenzt und dessen Position Ć¼ber der Ebene der Luftzufuhr voreinstellbar ist. Das Brennmaterial stĆ¶ĆŸt an den Anschlag an und verhindert ein unnƶtiges Weiterdrehen der Kurbel bzw. Anheben des Rostes und beschrƤnkt die zugefĆ¼hrte Brennstoffmenge auf das erforderliche MaƟ. Auch bei einem motorischen Antrieb endet der Hub jedenfalls dann, wenn das Brennmaterial, also hier beispielsweise Holzscheite, an dem Anschlag anstehen. Erst wenn eine gewisse Schicht abgebrannt ist, kann neuerlich ein Hub erfolgen.According to a preferred embodiment, it is expedient for both simple manual and complex control systems if at least one mechanical stop is provided directly above the focal plane, which limits the stroke of the elevator when it contacts the ignited fuel and its position the level of air supply is preset. The fuel abuts the stop and prevents unnecessary further rotation of the crank or lifting the grate and limits the amount of fuel supplied to the required level. Also with a motor drive ends the hub in any case, if the fuel, so here for example logs, pending the stop. Only when a certain layer has burned off, a hub can be made again.

Um ein BefĆ¼llen nach vollstƤndigem Ausbrennen des kontinuierlich oder intermittierend nachgeschobenen Materials ohne Behinderung zu ermƶglichen, ist es gemƤƟ einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform zweckmƤƟig, wenn der Anschlag aus der Verbrennungszone wegschwenkbar ist, wobei vorzugsweise eine Schwenkverriegelung an einer OfentĆ¼r das Schwenken bei geƶffneter TĆ¼r frei gibt.In order to allow a filling after complete burning out of the continuously or intermittently pushed material without hindrance, it is expedient according to a preferred embodiment, when the stop is wegschwenkbar from the combustion zone, preferably a pivot lock on an oven door, the pan unlocks when the door is open.

Beim Erfindungsgegenstand wird zwischen dem Vorratsraum mit noch unverbrauchtem Brennstoff und der Brennzone mit dem Feuerraum unterschieden, der den brennenden Brennstoff bzw. auch die Glut enthƤlt. Diese Trennung ergibt sich infolge der gezielten Luftzufuhr, die auf den Feuerraum begrenzt ist.In the subject invention, a distinction is made between the reservoir with still unused fuel and the combustion zone with the combustion chamber, which contains the burning fuel or the embers. This separation results from the targeted air supply, which is limited to the combustion chamber.

Der Verbrennungsofen ist fĆ¼r sƤmtliche Holzbrennstoffe besonders gut geeignet, so etwa fĆ¼r Holzbriketts. Dazu ist es gemƤƟ einer bevorzugten AusfĆ¼hrungsform zweckmƤƟig, wenn der Vorratsraum als kreiszylindrischer, rohrfƶrmiger Schacht zur Aufnahme von vorzugsweise kreiszylindrischen Holzbriketts ausgebildet ist. Der dann tellerfƶrmige Rost, der eigentlich die Plattform fĆ¼r den zuzufĆ¼hrenden noch unverbrauchten Brennstoffvorrat darstellt, wird im Inneren der Rƶhre verbrennungsabhƤngig oder konstant oder einfach durch HandbetƤtigung in der Rƶhre angehoben, die im Wesentlichen unbelĆ¼ftet ist. Dieser Brenner ist einer Kerze in einem Leuchter vergleichbar, die bei zunehmendem Abbrand angehoben wird, damit die Flamme im Wesentlichen immer in der gleichen Hƶhe brennt. Um die bei Holzbrennstoff nur geringfĆ¼gig anfallende Asche problemlos abzufĆ¼hren und einen symmetrischen Abbrand auch bei einem Ofen mit allenfalls einseitig offenem Feuerraum zu gewƤhrleisten, ist es ferner zweckmƤƟig, wenn der Rost als Plattform zur Auflage und zum Nachschieben des Brennstoffvorrates um eine vertikale Achse drehbar im Schacht angeordnet ist und Ć¼ber einen Drehantrieb zusƤtzlich zum Hebewerk verfĆ¼gt. Die Asche kann dann leicht im Spalt zwischen der MantelflƤche der Holzbriketts und der inneren Rohrwand nach unten rieseln und wird dort in einer Aschenlade aufgefangen. Durch die Drehung des Brennstoffvorrates wird auch einem Verklemmen bei der Hubbewegung im Inneren der Rƶhre entgegengewirkt. Infolge des gleichmƤƟigen Abbrennens an der OberflƤche erhƶht sich der Wirkungsgrad. Die WƤrmeabgabe erfolgt gleichmƤƟig im gesamten Feuerraum.The incinerator is particularly suitable for all wood fuels, such as wood briquettes. For this purpose, it is expedient according to a preferred embodiment, when the storage space is formed as a circular cylindrical, tubular shaft for receiving preferably circular cylindrical wood briquettes. The then plate-shaped grate, which actually represents the platform for the still unused fuel supply to be supplied, is increased inside the tube depending on the combustion or constant or simply by manual operation in the tube, which is substantially unaerated. This burner is similar to a candle in a candlestick, which is raised with increasing burn, so that the flame is always burning at the same height substantially. In order to easily dissipate the ashes incurred in wood fuel ash and to ensure a symmetrical burn even at a furnace with possibly one-sided open firebox, it is also useful if the grid as a platform for supporting and Nachschieben the fuel supply rotatable about a vertical axis in the shaft is arranged and over one Rotary drive in addition to the elevator has. The ash can then easily trickle down in the gap between the lateral surface of the wood briquettes and the inner pipe wall and is caught there in an ash tray. The rotation of the fuel supply also counteracts jamming in the stroke movement in the interior of the tube. As a result of the uniform burning on the surface, the efficiency increases. The heat is released evenly throughout the firebox.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele zum Erfindungsgegenstand sind in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine SchrƤgansicht eines Kaminofens von vorne, teilweise im Schnitt,
  • Fig. 2 eine SchrƤgansicht des Kaminofens von der Seite mit einem temperaturgesteuerten Hebewerk,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen Kaminofen fĆ¼r Holzbriketts mit drehendem Rost in einem rohrfƶrmigen Schacht und
  • Fig. 4 eine Variante zu Fig. 3 mit spezieller Hub- und Dreheinrichtung im Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3.
Embodiments of the subject invention are shown schematically in the drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of a stove from the front, partly in section,
  • Fig. 2 an oblique view of the stove from the side with a temperature controlled elevator,
  • Fig. 3 a cross section through a wood pellet stove with rotating grate in a tubular shaft and
  • Fig. 4 a variant too Fig. 3 with special lifting and turning device in section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 ,

Weg(e) zur AusfĆ¼hrung der ErfindungWay (s) for carrying out the invention

Ein Kaminofen nach den Fig. 1 und 2 umfasst einen Feuerraum 1, der nach oben in einen Abzug 2 fĆ¼r die Rauchgase Ć¼bergeht und unten Ć¼ber einen Rost 3 verfĆ¼gt. Der Rost 3 ist innerhalb eines Schachtes 4 mittels Zahnstangen hƶhenverstellbar angeordnet. Dazu dient eine Handkurbel 6, mit deren Hilfe entweder nicht dargestellte Ritzel selbsthemmend in die Zahnstangen eingreifen -oder (wie hier dargestellt) eine Spiralfeder 7 bei gleichzeitigem Absenken des Rostes 3 zwecks BefĆ¼llung bzw. Beladung mit Holz gespannt wird. Die Spiralfeder 7 ist Teil eines mechanischen Hebewerkes und gibt das gespeicherte Drehmoment Ć¼ber ein Getriebe 8 und eine Bremsscheibe 9, auf die Permanentmagnete 10 bremsend einwirken, an die Ritzel der Zahnstangen 5 ab. Die Bremse (hier "Wirbelstrombremse") kann von Hand so eingestellt werden, dass das Drehmoment sehr langsam (uhrwerkartig) z.B. innerhalb von 6 Stunden, abgegeben wird.A stove after the Fig. 1 and 2 comprises a combustion chamber 1, which merges upwards into a flue 2 for the flue gases and has a grate 3 at the bottom. The grate 3 is arranged vertically adjustable within a shaft 4 by means of racks. Serves a hand crank 6, with the help of either pinion not shown self-locking engage the racks -or (as shown here) a coil spring 7 is stretched while lowering the grate 3 for the purpose of filling or loading with wood. The coil spring 7 is part of a mechanical lifting gear and outputs the stored torque via a gear 8 and a brake disc 9, acting on the permanent magnets 10 braking, to the pinion of the racks 5 from. The brake (here "eddy current brake") can be set by hand so that the torque is released very slowly (clockwise) eg within 6 hours.

Dadurch nimmt ein Hub des Rostes 3 aus seiner tiefsten Stellung Ć¼ber die gesamte Hƶhe des Schachtes 4 dann 6 Stunden in Anspruch. Es wird also das beim Absenken des Rostes 3 bis zum Boden des Schachtes als Brennmaterialvorrat aufgeschichtete Holz im Gesamtgewicht von beispielsweise 15 kg langsam gehoben. So gelangt sukzessive entweder kontinuierlich oder intermittierend das Brennholz in die Ebene (Brennebene oder Brennzone) mit seitlichen Ɩffnungen 11 fĆ¼r Frischluft. Diese Ɩffnungen sind um die Brennebene herum ganz oben in den WƤnden des Schachtes 4 angeordnet. Im AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel erfolgt der Nachschub von frischem Brennmaterial von unten. Mangels einer LuftzufĆ¼hrung in den Schacht (etwa von unten) bleibt das Feuer auf die Brennebene beschrƤnkt, die durch die Luftƶffnungen 11 bestimmt wird.As a result, takes a stroke of the grate 3 from its lowest position over the entire height of the shaft 4 then 6 hours to complete. So it is slowly raised when lowering the grate 3 to the bottom of the shaft stacked as a fuel supply wood in the total weight of, for example, 15 kg. Thus, successively either continuously or intermittently passes the firewood in the plane (focal plane or combustion zone) with lateral openings 11 for fresh air. These openings are arranged around the focal plane at the very top of the walls of the shaft 4. In the exemplary embodiment, replenishment of fresh fuel takes place from below. For lack of an air supply into the shaft (approximately from below), the fire is limited to the focal plane, which is determined by the air openings 11.

Das Hubwerk, wie es bisher beschrieben wurde, verfĆ¼gt beim AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel Ć¼ber eine temperaturabhƤngige Steuerung. Ein TemperaturfĆ¼hler 12 ist im Abzug 2 vorgesehen und misst die Rauchgastemperatur im Abzug 2. Ɯber eine Kapillarleitung, in die noch weitere Temperaturwerte eingespeist werden kƶnnen, wird ein Stelltrieb 13 mit einem Kolben und einer Kolbenstange betƤtigt, der an einer Kurvenscheibe 14 exzentrisch angreift und diese ggf. Ć¼ber eine weitere HebelĆ¼bersetzung verdreht. Der FuƟpunkt des Stelltriebes 13 ist hƶhenverstellbar, wodurch die nachfolgend beschriebenen Parameter (Bremsleistung, Verbrennungsluft, Rauchgasklappenstellung)gemeinsam im Sinne eines gedrosselten oder hochflammigen Feuers vorweg einstellbar sind. Am Umfang der Kurvenscheibe 14 befinden sich drei Kurven mit einem in Umfangsrichtung zunehmenden radialen Abstand zum Mittelpunkt (Drehpunkt der Kurvenscheibe 14) .Ein zweiarmiger Hebel 15 tastet eine der Kurven 16 ab und schiebt die Permanentmagnete 10 mehr und mehr Ć¼ber die Bremsscheibe 9, wenn die vom TemperaturfĆ¼hler 12 gemessene Abgastemperatur zunimmt. Es wird dann der Hub des Hebewerkes angehalten oder verlangsamt und kein neues Brennmaterial aus dem Schacht 4 nachgeschoben, weil das Feuer offensichtlich bereits ausreichend oder Ć¼bermƤƟig brennt und allenfalls gedrosselt werden sollte. In diesem Sinn betƤtigt der zweiarmige Hebel 17, der die Steuerkurve 18 abtastet, eine Rauchgasklappe 19 und vermindert so den Zug im Brennraum. Ein hier einarmiger Hebel 20 tastet eine Steuerkurve 21 ab und bewegt Klappen 22, die die seitliche Luftzufuhr Ć¼ber die Ɩffnungen 11 in die Brennebene beeinflussen. Die Klappen 22 werden etwas geschlossen, und damit das Feuer mangels Zuluft gedrosselt. Wenn der TemperaturfĆ¼hler 12 ein Absinken der Rauchgastemperatur feststellt, dann wird die Bremsleistung reduziert, also Brennmaterial kurzfristiger nachgelegt und es werden die Rauchgasklappe 19 sowie die Klappen 22 fĆ¼r Frischluft geƶffnet. Der auf diese Weise forcierte Zug facht das Feuer an.The hoist, as described so far, has a temperature-dependent control in the embodiment. A temperature sensor 12 is provided in the fume hood 2 and measures the flue gas temperature in the flue 2. Via a capillary, into which even more temperature values can be fed, an actuator 13 is operated with a piston and a piston rod which acts eccentrically on a cam 14 and this possibly twisted over a further leverage. The base of the actuator 13 is adjustable in height, whereby the parameters described below (braking power, combustion air, flue gas flap position) are jointly adjustable in the sense of a throttled or high-fire fire. A two-armed lever 15 scans one of the curves 16 and pushes the permanent magnets 10 more and more on the brake disk 9 when the exhaust gas temperature measured by the temperature sensor 12 increases. It is then stopped the hub of the elevator or slowed down and no new fuel from the shaft 4 nachgeschoben because the fire is obviously already sufficient or excessive burning and possibly should be throttled. In this sense, actuates the two-armed lever 17 which scans the cam 18, a flue 19 and thus reduces the train in the combustion chamber. A here einarmiger lever 20 feels a control curve 21 and moves flaps 22, which influence the lateral air supply via the openings 11 in the focal plane. The flaps 22 are slightly closed, and thus the fire throttled for lack of supply air. If the temperature sensor 12 detects a drop in the flue gas temperature, then the braking power is reduced, so fuel short-term refilled and it will open the flue door 19 and the flaps 22 for fresh air. The train forced in this way fanned the fire.

Um einen Hub durch das Hebewerk weit Ć¼ber die Brennebene hinaus zu unterbinden, bzw. bei reinem Handbetrieb eine Grenze fĆ¼r den Kurbelvorgang zu setzen, ist ein Anschlag 23 Ć¼ber der Brennebene vorgesehen. Holzscheite kƶnnen weder im Kurbelbetrieb, noch bei einem motorisch angetriebenen Hebewerk Ć¼ber diesen Anschlag 23 gehoben werden. Die Kurbel 6 lƤsst sich beispielsweise erst dann wieder (zum Nachlegen von Holz) weiter drehen, wenn eine entsprechende Hƶhe des Brennmaterials im Brennraum niedergebrannt ist. Um ein Beladen des Magazins, nƤmlich des Schachtes 4 bei gleichzeitigem Absenken des Rostes 3 nach vollstƤndigem Verbrauch des Holzvorrats im Schacht 4 zu ermƶglichen, kann der Anschlag 23 zur Seite geschwenkt werden. Damit ist der freie Zugang zum Auflegen der Scheite auf den Rost 3 gegeben. Eine kinematische Verbindung zwischen dem Anschlag 23 und der OfentĆ¼r lƤsst den Anschlag 23 zur Seite schwenken, sobald sich die OfentĆ¼r ƶffnet.In order to prevent a stroke by the elevator far beyond the focal plane addition, or to set a limit for the cranking operation in pure manual operation, a stop 23 is provided above the focal plane. Logs can be lifted on this stop 23 neither in cranking operation, nor in a motor-driven elevator. For example, the crank 6 can only be turned on again (for adding wood) if a corresponding height of the fuel material in the combustion chamber has burned down. In order to allow loading of the magazine, namely the shaft 4 while lowering the grate 3 after complete consumption of wood stock in the shaft 4, the stop 23 can be swung to the side. Thus, the free access to place the logs on the grate 3 is given. A kinematic connection between the stopper 23 and the oven door causes the stopper 23 to pivot sideways as soon as the oven door opens.

GemƤƟ Fig. 3 und 4 weist ein Ofen, der fĆ¼r kreiszylindrische Holzbriketts 25, 25' gebaut wurde, einen rohrfƶrmigen kreiszylindrischen Schacht 26 auf, in welchem die Holzbriketts 25, 25' auf einer Plattform als Brennstoffvorrat aufliegen. Diese die Holzbriketts 25, 25' tragende kreisrunde Plattform ist mit axialen DurchbrĆ¼chen als Rost 27 ausgebildet, der in dem von unten in den Feuerraum 28 einmĆ¼ndenden Schacht 26 zum Nachschieben von Brennstoff hƤndisch oder automatisch anhebbar und zum Beladen absenkbar ist. Im Bereich der EinmĆ¼ndung des Schachtes 26 in den Feuerraum 28 ist ein erster DĆ¼senkranz 29 fĆ¼r die Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft vorgesehen, in dessen Ebene die StirnflƤche des obersten Holzbrikett 25 liegt. In Fig. 3 und 4 erkennt man dort eine erste als Ringraum 30 ausgebildete Brennzone unmittelbar an und Ć¼ber der genannten StirnflƤche. Ein zweiter DĆ¼senkranz 31 zur Frischluftzufuhr ist in einer darĆ¼ber angeordneten, fĆ¼r das Beladen mit Holzbriketts entnehmbaren Bodenplatte vorgesehen und bringt Sauerstoff in eine zweite Brennzone ein. Der zweite DĆ¼senkranz 31 liegt in der MantelflƤche eines zweiten Ringraumes 32, dessen Durchmesser im AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel kleiner ist, als der Durchmesser der Holzbriketts 25, 25'. Ist der Durchmesser grĆ¶ĆŸer als der Durchmesser der Holzbriketts 25, 25', dann kann die an sich herausnehmbare Bodenplatte auch beim Beladen im Feuerraum 28 verbleiben. In der zweiten Brennzone werden die noch unverbrannten Gase aus der ersten Brennzone entzĆ¼ndet. Es ergibt sich eine Flamme im Feuerraum 28 Ć¼ber dem zweiten Ringraum 32, der gewissermaƟen das MundstĆ¼ck eines Brenners bildet.According to Fig. 3 and 4 For example, an oven constructed for circular-cylindrical wood briquettes 25, 25 'has a tubular circular-cylindrical shaft 26 in which the wood briquettes 25, 25' rest on a platform as a fuel supply. These circular bricks carrying the wood briquettes 25, 25 'are formed with axial openings as a grate 27, which can be lowered manually or automatically in the shaft 26 opening from below into the combustion chamber 28 for feeding fuel and can be lowered for loading. In the area of the junction of the shaft 26 in the combustion chamber 28, a first nozzle ring 29 is provided for the supply of combustion air, in the plane of which the end face of the uppermost wood briquette 25 is located. In Fig. 3 and 4 one recognizes there a first formed as an annular space 30 Burning zone immediately on and above said end face. A second nozzle rim 31 for fresh air supply is provided in a arranged above, removable for loading with wood briquettes bottom plate and brings oxygen into a second combustion zone. The second nozzle ring 31 is located in the lateral surface of a second annular space 32, whose diameter in the embodiment is smaller than the diameter of the wood briquettes 25, 25 '. If the diameter is greater than the diameter of the wood briquettes 25, 25 ', then the removable base plate can remain in the combustion chamber 28 even during loading. In the second combustion zone, the still unburned gases from the first combustion zone are ignited. This results in a flame in the combustion chamber 28 above the second annulus 32, which effectively forms the mouthpiece of a burner.

Wie bekannt, kann die Frischluft- bzw. VerbrennungsluftzufĆ¼hrung forciert Ć¼ber ein regelbares GeblƤse bzw. Ć¼ber Klappen beispielsweise Ć¼ber die Ablufttemperatur als FĆ¼hrungsgrĆ¶ĆŸe gesteuert erfolgen. Auch das automatische Nachschieben des Brennstoffvorrates lƤsst sich Ć¼ber die Ablufttemperatur steuern, um eine konstante Flamme im Feuerraum 28 bei vollstƤndiger Verbrennung weitgehend abgasfrei zu gewƤhrleisten.As is known, the fresh air or combustion air supply can be forcibly controlled via a controllable fan or via valves, for example via the exhaust air temperature as a reference variable. Also, the automatic Nachschieben the fuel supply can be controlled by the exhaust air temperature to ensure a constant flame in the combustion chamber 28 at complete combustion largely exhaust-free.

Fig. 3 zeigt ferner, dass der Rost 27 hier auf einem Schlitten 33 im Schacht 26 hƶhenverstellbar (Rollen 34) und zusƤtzlich um die vertikale Mittelachse drehbar (Rolle 35) angeordnet ist. WƤhrend der Hub das Nachlegen von Brennstoff bewirkt, ergibt die Drehung des Brennstoffvorrats im Schacht 26 einen gleichmƤƟigen Abbrand und erleichtert das AbfĆ¼hren von Asche aus der Brennzone nach unten in eine Aschenkammer 36. Dazu steht der Ringspalt 37 (z.B. 6 mm) zwischen der inneren MantelflƤche des Schachtes 26 und den ƤuƟeren MantelflƤchen der Holzbriketts 25, 25' zur VerfĆ¼gung. Auch der Rost 27 weist randseitig Ausnehmungen 38 auf, die ein Hindurchfallen von Asche ermƶglichen. Im Gegensatz zu den VerbrennungsrĆ¼ckstƤnden bei Kohle oder Briketts aus Kohle, fƤllt bei Holzbrennstoffen nur wenig Asche an, sodass die Austragung nach unten am Brennstoffvorrat vorbei, kein Problem darstellt. FĆ¼r Kohlebriketts mĆ¼sste der Ringspalt mindestens 12 mm betragen. Fig. 3 shows further that the grate 27 here on a carriage 33 in the shaft 26 adjustable in height (rollers 34) and in addition to the vertical central axis rotatable (roller 35) is arranged. While the hub causes fuel replenishment, rotation of the fuel supply in the well 26 results in uniform burnup and facilitates the removal of ash from the burn zone down into an ash chamber 36. For this, the annular gap 37 (eg, 6 mm) is interposed between the inner shell surface of the shaft 26 and the outer surfaces of the wood briquettes 25, 25 'are available. Also, the grate 27 has edge recesses 38, which allow falling through of ash. In contrast to the combustion residues in coal or briquettes made of coal, only a small amount of ash is produced with wood fuels, so that discharging downwards past the fuel supply is no problem. For coal briquettes, the annular gap would have to be at least 12 mm.

In Fig. 3 ist ferner noch ergƤnzend eine vollautomatische Steuerung des Verbrennungsofens dargestellt. Oberhalb des Feuerraumes 28 setzt ein Abzug an, in welchem ein TemperaturfĆ¼hler 39 vorgesehen ist. Dieser ist an ein SteuergerƤt 40 zur FĆ¼hrung desselben angeschlossen, das einerseits die Verbrennungsluft Ć¼ber Klappen (PrimƤrluftklappen, SekundƤrluftklappen) und bzw. oder mittels eines GeblƤses 41 dosiert und anderseits auch den Hub sowie die Drehung des Rostes 27 und damit des Brennstoffvorrats (hier der Holzbriketts 25, 25') aktiviert. Als Hub- und Drehantriebe kommen Elektromotoren, z.B. Stellmotoren mit Getrieben und mechanische Anordnungen (siehe Fig. 4) in Frage. NatĆ¼rlich sind fĆ¼r einfache Anwendungen auch manuelle Kurbelhebeeinrichtungen sowie (mit diesen kinematisch allenfalls verbundene) kurbelbetƤtigte Drehmechanismen fĆ¼r den Rost 27 fĆ¼r gemeinsame oder getrennte Aktivierung der beiden Funktionen (Heben, Drehen) mƶglich.In Fig. 3 Furthermore, a fully automatic control of the incinerator is additionally shown. Above the combustion chamber 28 is a deduction, in which a temperature sensor 39 is provided. This is connected to a control unit 40 for guiding the same, on the one hand, the combustion air via flaps (primary air flaps, secondary air flaps) and or or metered by a blower 41 and on the other hand, the hub and the rotation of the grate 27 and thus the fuel supply (here the wood briquettes 25, 25 ') activated. As lifting and rotary drives are electric motors, eg servo motors with gears and mechanical arrangements (see Fig. 4 ) in question. Of course, for simple applications and manual crank lifting devices and (with these kinematically possibly associated) crank-operated rotary mechanisms for the grate 27 for common or separate activation of the two functions (lifting, turning) possible.

Ein Beispiel fĆ¼r eine elektromechanische Hub- und Dreheinrichtung ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt, die den Ofen gemƤƟ Fig. 3 im Querschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV zeigt. Der Rost 27 ist auf einer Konsole 42 drehbar gelagert, die auf einer Spindel 43 vertikal verfahrbar ist. Die Spindel 43 wird Ć¼ber einen Stellmotor 44 angetrieben, der von der Steuerung 40 (Fig. 3) etwa bei Unterschreiten einer Abgas- bzw. Ablufttemperaturschwelle fĆ¼r eine Anzahl von Umdrehungen der Spindel 43 eingeschaltet wird. FĆ¼r das Beladen mit Holzbriketts 25, 25' von oben wird der Rost 27 ganz nach unten im Schacht 26 gefahren.An example of an electromechanical lifting and turning device is in Fig. 4 shown, the furnace according to Fig. 3 in cross section according to the line IV-IV shows. The grate 27 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 42 which is vertically movable on a spindle 43. The spindle 43 is driven by a servo motor 44 which is controlled by the controller 40 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) is switched on when falling below an exhaust or exhaust air temperature threshold for a number of revolutions of the spindle 43. For loading with wood briquettes 25, 25 'from the top of the grate 27 is moved all the way down in the shaft 26.

Parallel zur Spindel 43 ist eine Welle 45 gelagert, die eine axiale Nut 46 Ć¼ber die gesamte LƤnge aufweist (siehe Querschnittsdarstellung). In die Nut 46 greift ein Mitnehmer eines Ritzels 47, das von der Welle 45 als Drehachse durchsetzt wird und lƤngs der Welle 45 in axialer Richtung frei gleitet. Dieses Ritzel 47 ist in der Konsole 42 drehbar gelagert und Ć¼bertrƤgt z.B. mittels eines Zahnriemens oder einer Kette 48 die Drehung der Welle 45 auf ein Kettenrad 49. Letzteres ist drehfest am Rost 27 montiert. Dadurch wird eine Drehung der Welle 45 auf den Rost 27 Ć¼bertragen. Die Welle 45 wird Ć¼ber einen Stellmotor 50 permanent oder intermittierend angetrieben, wobei die Steuerung 40 (Fig. 3) die Ein- und Ausschaltbefehle an den Stellmotor 50 erteilt.Parallel to the spindle 43, a shaft 45 is mounted, which has an axial groove 46 over the entire length (see cross-sectional view). In the groove 46 engages a driver of a pinion 47, which is penetrated by the shaft 45 as a rotation axis and along the shaft 45 slides freely in the axial direction. This pinion 47 is rotatably mounted in the bracket 42 and transmits, for example by means of a toothed belt or a chain 48, the rotation of the shaft 45 on a sprocket 49. The latter is rotatably mounted on the grate 27. Thereby, a rotation of the shaft 45 is transmitted to the grate 27. The shaft 45 is over a servomotor 50 driven permanently or intermittently, wherein the controller 40 ( Fig. 3 ) issued the power on and off commands to the servo motor 50.

Die Konsole 42 durchgreift die MantelflƤche des Schachtes 26 in einem vertikalen Schlitz, der durch Teleskopbleche mitfahrend mit der Konsole 42 abgedeckt ist und bzw. oder die Spindel 43 sowie die Welle 45 befinden sich in einem GehƤuse oder einer Verschalung, die nach auƟen hin geschlossen ist, damit keine Verbrennungsluft eindringt, sodass die Verbrennung auf die vorgenannten Brennzonen beschrƤnkt bleibt.The console 42 passes through the lateral surface of the shaft 26 in a vertical slot, which is covered by telescopic plates ride along with the console 42 and or or the spindle 43 and the shaft 45 are located in a housing or a casing, which is closed to the outside so that no combustion air penetrates, so that the combustion is limited to the aforementioned combustion zones.

Claims (8)

  1. A combustion furnace for solid fuels, in particular a chimney stove for wood, having a fire chamber (1, 28) and having a grate (3, 27), which is height-adjustably guided and is connected to a lifting mechanism, a shaft (4, 26) which is not supplied with air being provided underneath the fire chamber (1, 28) as a supply chamber for the fuel, and, in this shaft, the grate (3, 27) being provided as a platform for the fuel supply, for feeding and replenishing fuel from the supply chamber into the fire chamber (1, 28), and the lifting mechanism having a motorised drive, which is controllable as to the lifting speed for the fuel supply in dependence on the combustion, preferably by means of the exhaust gas temperature as a set point, characterized in that in the region where the shaft (4, 26) which is not supplied with air opens out into the fire chamber (1, 28), a ring of nozzles (29) that surround said opening-out region is provided, for supplying air into an annular space (30) of a first combustion zone.
  2. A combustion furnace according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lifting mechanism is equipped with an energy-storing spring mechanism having a helical spring (7), which can be loaded or wound up by means of a hand crank (6) or a pull wire with simultaneous lowering of the grate (3), and in that a governor for the lifting is connected to a drive (8) that has a screw jack drive or a rack and pinion drive (5) for the grate (3), the governor being preferably a wind resistance governor as an aerodynamic restraint or a restraint having a brake controlled by the exhaust gas temperature, for example an eddy current brake with variable braking power.
  3. A combustion furnace according to Claim 2, characterized in that a temperature sensor (12) for the exhaust gas temperature turns or displaces a cam disc (14) or a cam slide in dependence on temperature by way of an actuator (13), the cam disc or slide having at least one, preferably a plurality of, control cams (16, 18, 21), against which levers (15, 17, 20) engage as followers, one lever (15) carrying permanent magnets (10), which are turnable or displaceable to a greater or lesser extent over a disc (9) of an eddy current brake, a second lever (17) being kinematically connected to a flue gas flap valve (19) for temperature-dependent opening or closing, and a third lever (20) controlling flap valves (22), such as, for example, a primary air flap valve and a secondary air flap valve, in respect of their opening angle, for air supply from the side into the combustion plane.
  4. A combustion furnace according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one mechanical stop (23) is provided immediately above the combustion zone, which stop delimits the stroke of the lifting mechanism when it abuts against the burning fuel, and the position of which above the plane of the air supply can be adjusted.
  5. A combustion furnace according to Claim 4, characterized in that the stop (23) can be swung out of the way of the combustion zone in order to fill the supply chamber, a swivel-locking feature of the stove door preferably releasing the swinging action when the door is open.
  6. A combustion furnace according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a further nozzle ring for supplying air is provided at a spacing above the first nozzle ring, which ignites, in a second combustion zone in the fire chamber, combustible gases from the first combustion zone, the second nozzle ring being in an annular space (32) that preferably has a lesser diameter than that of the annular space (30) for the first nozzle ring (29) and the annular space (32) forming the mouthpiece of a burner.
  7. A combustion furnace according to any of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supply chamber is formed as a circular-cylindrical, tube-like shaft (26), for accommodating preferably circular-cylindrical wood briquettes (25,25').
  8. A combustion furnace according to Claim 7, characterized in that the grate (27) is arranged in the shaft (26) to be rotatable about a vertical axis, as a platform for supporting and moving the fuel supply, and has a rotary drive in addition to the lifting mechanism.
EP14745062.1A 2013-07-10 2014-06-30 Combustion furnace having a lifting mechanism for conveying the fuel Active EP3019792B1 (en)

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AT504482013 2013-07-10
ATA50445/2014A AT514525B1 (en) 2013-07-10 2014-06-26 incinerator
PCT/AT2014/050149 WO2015003197A1 (en) 2013-07-10 2014-06-30 Combustion furnace having a lifting mechanism for conveying the fuel

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CN115875681B (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-11-14 ę±Ÿč‹å¤©ē„ŗēŽÆäæē§‘ęŠ€ęœ‰é™å…¬åø Heat accumulating type oxidation furnace capable of efficiently treating waste gas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624329A (en) * 1953-01-06 Kitchen range
GB190929062A (en) * 1909-12-13 1910-12-08 Harold Tyrrell Grainger Improvements in Smoke Consuming Fire Grates.
FR445970A (en) * 1912-07-11 1912-11-23 Adolf Hille Grid stove can be adjusted in height direction
CH110895A (en) * 1924-10-09 1925-11-16 Isenschmid Otto Stove.
CH281678A (en) * 1950-04-12 1952-03-31 Krebs Geb Firing with adjustable grate.
GB972341A (en) * 1962-02-01 1964-10-14 Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Limbur Improvements in construction of solid fuel fired furnaces, or like apparatus
DE1554712A1 (en) * 1965-05-18 1969-06-12 Schachtel Dipl Ing Friedrich Device to regulate the combustion air supply for domestic fireplaces
DE3538511A1 (en) * 1985-10-30 1987-05-07 Lambion Alfred Underfeed furnace for combustion of lumpy waste materials
CN2086372U (en) * 1991-03-12 1991-10-09 ꞗę°ø和 Fire grate-adjusting coal stove
FR2688868B1 (en) * 1992-03-17 1994-06-17 Olmotti Humbert Marin COMBUSTION APPARATUS USING SOLID AND / OR LIQUID FUELS.
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US7647923B2 (en) 2004-11-09 2010-01-19 Dahl Randall C Automated barbeque safety mechanism
EP2318766A2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2011-05-11 First Energy Private Limited Biomass stove apparatus and method for its use

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