EP3013992A1 - Method for producing a steel shaped body - Google Patents
Method for producing a steel shaped bodyInfo
- Publication number
- EP3013992A1 EP3013992A1 EP14734065.7A EP14734065A EP3013992A1 EP 3013992 A1 EP3013992 A1 EP 3013992A1 EP 14734065 A EP14734065 A EP 14734065A EP 3013992 A1 EP3013992 A1 EP 3013992A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- content
- carbon
- shaped body
- state
- addition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1039—Sintering only by reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/10—Carbide
- B22F2302/105—Silicium carbide (SiC)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/20—Nitride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/25—Oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/25—Oxide
- B22F2302/253—Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/25—Oxide
- B22F2302/256—Silicium oxide (SiO2)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for producing a shaped steel body, in particular a component, for example for common rail injection valves.
- Metallic powders which are pre-alloyed according to the desired target composition, serve as a starting point.
- the inventive method is suitable for the production of naturally highly stressed component components in particular for common-rail injection valves, but also for the production of other cyclically highly stressed components.
- the post-processing effort for example by machining, can be reduced in a cost-reducing manner compared to the state of the art because of the method close to the final dimensions.
- the oxide particles of the powdered composition as elemental components manganese with a content of about 0.8 to 1.9%, silicon with a content of about 0.3 to 1.5%, chromium with a content of about 0.1 to 1.8%, nickel with a content of about 0.2 to 1.5% and molybdenum with a content of about 0.1 to 0.5% and together with the iron oxide base form the basic composition of the starting material, whereby a bainitic structure can be achieved during the subsequent process steps.
- the added micro-alloying elements in this case have aluminum with a content of 0.01 to 0.04%, and / or boron with a content of ⁇ 0.0025% and / or vanadium with a content of 0.05 to 0.20%.
- a variant of the method according to the invention may consist in that the addition of carbon takes place by means of a process gas, preferably by carbon monoxide.
- the addition of carbon can be carried out by admixing graphite and / or carbides.
- the addition of carbon can be effected by means of a hydrocarbon-containing binder, in which case a process step subsequent to sintering for debinding the shaped body is looped into the process according to the invention.
- composition based on iron oxide carbide-forming elements are admixed, wherein the carbide-forming elements titanium at a level of about 0.01 to 0.03% and / or niobium having a content of about 0.01 to 0.04%.
- Oxide ceramic particles are formed from one or more of the group zirconia, silica, alumina, yttria, silicon nitride, silicon carbide. As a result, the static strength of the formed at the end of the inventive molding can be increased.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram for illustrating the mechanism of action of the method according to the invention, wherein the temperature profile of different state areas compared to the temporal cooling behavior is shown
- FIG. 2 is a highly schematic view of a structure of finest-grained bainite produced according to the method of the invention with small volume fractions of ferrite and perlite;
- Fig. 3 is a prepared by the process according to the invention structure
- FIG. 4 shows a structure produced by the process according to the invention
- FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of operation of the method according to the invention on the basis of a schematically held state diagram 10.
- the temperature profile for the essential state regions of steel is plotted against the cooling time running along the abscissa axis.
- the ferrite-perlite state region 11 is shown, in the middle temperature range the bainite state region 12 and in the lower temperature region the martensite state region 13.
- the mechanism of action according to the invention consists in forming a pulverulent composition starting from an iron oxide base, for example Fe 3 O 2 , by addition of metal oxides such as nickel oxide or molybdenum oxide and metal powder such as chromium, during which the phase transformation of austenite into the sintering layer takes place Ferrite perlite state range 1 1 suppressed or shifted at least for so long cooling times that preferably bainite forms even at slow cooling rates of the sintering temperature to room temperature.
- an iron oxide base for example Fe 3 O 2
- metal oxides such as nickel oxide or molybdenum oxide
- metal powder such as chromium
- alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and in addition of micro-alloying elements such as titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and / or boron (B) of Bainite state region 12 widened both on the temperature axis T and on the time axis t, wherein the ferrite-perlite state region 1 1 due to this addition of alloying elements in the state diagram 10 to the right, ie shifted to longer cooling times t and the martensite state range 13 in state diagram 10 down, that is shifted to lower temperatures.
- alloying elements such as chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)
- micro-alloying elements such as titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and / or boron (B) of Bainite state region 12 widened both on the temperature axis T and on the time axis t, wherein the
- the micro-alloying elements and aluminum together with carbon and / or nitrogen, form the finest precipitates, which impede grain growth during sintering and thus lead to a very fine-grained structure.
- the basic composition required for this starting from an iron oxide base, has a manganese content of 0.8 to 1.9%, a silicon content of 0.2 to 1.5%
- Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention.
- This is a bainitic structure 100, which is formed from bainite grains 101 and at low levels from ferrite / pearlite grains 102 and has small, finest precipitates 103 at the grain boundaries.
- the structure 100 is very fine-grained, wherein the bainite grains 101 have a bainite needle length, which is significantly smaller than 20 ⁇ .
- the bainitic structure 100 has a high static strength Rm, which is in the range of about 1000 to 1 150 MPa.
- micro-alloying elements aluminum with a content of 0.01 to 0.04%, boron with a content of ⁇ 0.0025% and vanadium with a content of 0.05 to 0.20% are additionally added to the basic composition, wherein the addition by only one selected element from this Group or by a mixture of the individual elements can be effected.
- carbon with final contents of 0.15 to 0.3%.
- the introduction of the carbon can be carried out either via the process gas, for example carbon monoxide (CO), or via the addition of graphite, by mixing the basic composition with graphite.
- CO carbon monoxide
- Another possibility is to admix reducible carbides, eg SiC, which dissolve during the sintering process so that free carbon is left over which can then react with the oxide powder.
- the carbon entry can take place via a binder which is required for producing a sprayed mass and which is formed from a resin, ie a hydrocarbon compound.
- Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
- the structure 200 has a static strength Rm that varies from about 1100 to 1600 MPa.
- Rm static strength
- an additional increase in strength is achieved in that an addition of carbide-forming elements occurs which hampers possible dislocation movements in the metal grid and thus increases the strength by forming very fine carbide precipitations whose size is in the range of a few nanometers to influence the toughness negatively.
- the carbide-forming elements are titanium with a content of 0.01% and / or niobium with a content of 0.01 to 0.04%, which are admixed to the oxide powder mixture according to embodiment 1 either simultaneously together or alone depending on the desired target strength.
- the formation of carbides requires the supply of carbon and / or nitrogen.
- the supply of carbon at a higher concentration, so that in the metal lattice, a carbon excess is set, which leads to a lattice strain and correlated therewith precipitation in the form of carbides as a second phase.
- the introduction of carbon can take place either as a process gas, by adding graphite or by means of a binder.
- the - additional - introduction of nitrogen with final contents of 0.01 to 0.03% can be carried out as a process gas, for example N 2 or NH 3 , during sintering, since even nitrogen can form a second phase in the metal lattice.
- Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention.
- This is a composite 300 of very fine-grained bainite 301, carbide or carbonitride precipitates 302 and oxide ceramic particles 303.
- this embodiment additionally involves the addition of very fine-grained oxide ceramic particles with a size in the submicrometer range.
- oxide ceramic particles zirconium oxide (Zr0 2 ), silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ).
- the method according to the invention for producing a steel blank comprises the method steps of forming an iron oxide-based powdery composition of oxide particles and binder, with the addition of carbon and of micro-alloying elements to set a bainitic structure, of the pressing a blank, heating the blank to an isothermal holding step between 450 ° C and 600 ° C for debindering to remove a hydrocarbonaceous binder, heating to sintering temperature to reduce the molded article obtained by pressing, and cooling the sintered article to room temperature; wherein a predefined cooling or temperature gradient is set for cooling.
- the bainitic state phase is preferably formed in a medium temperature range by using the ferrite-perlite state. State area 11 to longer cooling times and the martensite state area 13 are shifted to lower temperatures.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102013212528.3A DE102013212528A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | Process for producing a steel shaped body |
PCT/EP2014/063050 WO2014206890A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2014-06-20 | Method for producing a steel shaped body |
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EP3013992A1 true EP3013992A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
EP3013992B1 EP3013992B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
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US (1) | US10220443B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3013992B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6212632B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105339517B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013212528A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014206890A1 (en) |
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US10759024B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-09-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
US10865148B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-12-15 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
CN108500276B (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-06-30 | 深圳艾利佳材料科技有限公司 | Method for producing a part from a metal oxide |
WO2021133901A1 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-01 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
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-
2013
- 2013-06-27 DE DE102013212528.3A patent/DE102013212528A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 WO PCT/EP2014/063050 patent/WO2014206890A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-20 JP JP2016520512A patent/JP6212632B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-20 US US14/901,203 patent/US10220443B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-20 EP EP14734065.7A patent/EP3013992B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-20 CN CN201480037118.XA patent/CN105339517B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109881127A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-06-14 | 宜兴市乐华冶金辅助材料有限公司 | A kind of contact arm material of pipeline chain scraper conveyor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6212632B2 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
CN105339517A (en) | 2016-02-17 |
DE102013212528A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
US10220443B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
JP2016526603A (en) | 2016-09-05 |
EP3013992B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
US20160136729A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
CN105339517B (en) | 2018-09-18 |
WO2014206890A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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