EP3004401A1 - Method for producing a component by hot forming a pre-product made of steel - Google Patents

Method for producing a component by hot forming a pre-product made of steel

Info

Publication number
EP3004401A1
EP3004401A1 EP14731900.8A EP14731900A EP3004401A1 EP 3004401 A1 EP3004401 A1 EP 3004401A1 EP 14731900 A EP14731900 A EP 14731900A EP 3004401 A1 EP3004401 A1 EP 3004401A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
precursor
max
hot
steel
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14731900.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3004401B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan MÜTZE
Michael Braun
Manuel Maikranz-Valentin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH filed Critical Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Publication of EP3004401A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004401A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3004401B1 publication Critical patent/EP3004401B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such components are mainly used in the automotive and commercial vehicle industry, but also in mechanical engineering or construction offer opportunities.
  • the primary suppliers are trying to meet this need by reducing the wall thickness by providing high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels, while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation.
  • the metallic coating is applied as corrosion protection usually in the continuous hot dip process on a hot or cold strip or on the precursor produced therefrom, z. B. as hot dip galvanizing or Feueralum ist.
  • the board is cut to fit the hot forming forming tool. It is also possible to provide the respective workpiece to be formed, or the blank, with a hot-dip coating.
  • thermoformable steels for this application are z. B. the manganese-boron steel "22MnB5" and recently also air hardenable steels according to DE 10 2010 024 664 A1.
  • EP 2 546 375 A1 to reshape a steel having a structure in the initial state ferritic structure by means of compression mold hardening and by a step-shaped process management from a microstructure Bainit, tempered
  • the sheet to be formed is first heated to a temperature of 750 to 1000 ° C and held at this temperature for 5 to 1000 seconds, then formed at 350 to 900 ° C and cooled to 50 to 350 ° C. Finally, reheating to a temperature of 350 to 490 ° C, which is held in a period of 5 to 1000 seconds.
  • the microstructure on the finished component consists of 10 to 85% martensite, 5 to 40% retained austenite and at least 5% bainite.
  • this process requires the heating of the precursor
  • Conversion inertia can be used, which must have correspondingly expensive alloying additions for the structure to be achieved and hardness after forming.
  • a method for the production of a component by hot forging of a precursor of steel below the Aci- transition temperature is known in which an increase in strength in the component is achieved by cold working of the precursor before heating to forming temperature.
  • an additional increase in strength in the component can be achieved by using higher-strength materials, such as bainitic, martensitic, microalloyed and dual or multiphase steels.
  • the disadvantage here is the additional expense of the necessary cold forming before heating to forming temperature.
  • Dual phase steels also have the disadvantage of hot edge deformation susceptibility to edge crack induced failure during forming.
  • the object of the invention is a method for producing a component by
  • Hot forming can be achieved by press hardening.
  • strengths of more than 800 MPa at yield strengths of more than 700 MPa and breaking elongations A 80 of more than 8% on the finished component should be achieved with a ductile failure behavior of the component.
  • this object is achieved by a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel, in which the precursor is heated to forming temperature and then formed, wherein the component after forming a bainitic microstructure with a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa which is characterized in that the heating takes place at a temperature below the A c i transformation temperature, wherein even the precursor of a Steel having a microstructure of at least 50% bainite, and wherein the precursor has the following alloy composition in% by weight:
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that with significantly lower energy requirements for heating through the use of a bainitic steel already in the initial state Component is provided with mechanical characteristics that are equal to or even better than the mechanical properties in the initial state of the precursor. This saves energy costs.
  • Starting material has a high tensile strength and elongation, which are retained even after the (conversion) conversion or even higher.
  • the bainitic steel used for the process according to the invention obtains its microstructure according to the invention via a corresponding temperature control already at
  • Martensite ⁇ 10% and the remainder is ferrite.
  • the bainitic steel of the precursor has the following alloy composition in wt.
  • the steel of the precursor has the following alloy composition in% by weight:
  • Nb + V + Ti 0.1 to 0.2%
  • Sheets were tested with a thickness of 1, 8 to 2.25 mm which were heated in the oven at a temperature of 600 ° C for 3 minutes and then cooled between two flat tool components in a forming press.
  • the materials tested are indicated in Tables 1 and 2 by the letters a, b, c, d, e and f.
  • the alloy compositions of the materials correspond to the invention, but the microstructures were set differently in the initial state. In the initial state, therefore, steel a had a ferritic-bainitic basic structure "FB" before being heated to forming temperature, steel b a bainitic "B”, steel c
  • Typical applications for exploiting the high strength potential while at the same time saving weight on the component are mobile crane construction, longitudinal and transverse beams in trucks and trailers, safety and chassis parts in passenger cars and wagon construction.
  • the steel according to the invention or the component produced therefrom is characterized by a very high yield strength and tensile strength of more than 800 MPa with a sufficiently high elongation. Due to the chemical composition is also a good
  • the aforementioned steel can continue in a known manner with a scale or
  • the metallic coating may contain zinc and / or magnesium and / or aluminum and / or silicon.
  • surface-finished hot or cold strip can already be used for forming following heating, since the adhesion and the ductility endure half-warm forming with low degrees of deformation.
  • the metallic coating is resistant to short-term reheating of the substrate / coating combination (steel strip / coating) below the Aci temperature of the substrate
  • Reheating units such as tunnel kilns or chamber furnaces, in favor of fast and direct-acting systems (inductive, conductive and in particular radiation) are dispensed with.
  • the reheating takes place before the half-warming by means of radiation, since the efficiency is significantly higher than when heated in an oven or conductive heating and the energy input into the material depending on
  • the material is also very suitable for partial heating.
  • z. B. emitters can be selectively heated individual areas of the preform to be formed in order to obtain formability optimized zones. This advantageously allows the use of conventional presses for cold forming, so that it is possible to dispense with a complex hot-forming installation, as is necessary in press-hardening.
  • the precursor is heated to a temperature of below 720 ° C advantageously in a temperature range of 400 - 700 ° C and then formed into a component.
  • the optimum forming temperature is dependent on the required strength of the component and is preferably between about 500 ° C and 700 ° C. Long holding times in order to obtain a bainitic structure as described in EP 2 546 375 A1 are not required, so that the process time for the production of the component is significantly shortened.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a component by hot forming a pre-product made of steel. The pre-product is heated to a forming temperature and is then reshaped, said component having a bainitic microstructure with a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa after the forming process. In the process, the pre-product with the specified alloy composition is heated to a temperature below the Ac1 transformation temperature, said pre-product already consisting of a steel with a microstructure made of at least 50% bainite.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl  Process for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Als Vorprodukte werden nachfolgend z. B. Bleche vom Coil geschnitten oder als The invention relates to a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel according to the preamble of claim 1. As precursors z. B. cut sheets from the coil or as
Platinenzuschnitt oder nahtlose bzw. geschweißte Rohre, die fallweise zusätzlich kaltgezogen sein können, verstanden. Board cut or seamless or welded tubes, which may be additionally cold drawn case by case, understood.
Derartige Bauteile werden hauptsächlich in der Automobil- und Nutzfahrzeugindustrie verwendet, aber auch im Maschinenbau oder Bauwesen bieten sich Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Such components are mainly used in the automotive and commercial vehicle industry, but also in mechanical engineering or construction offer opportunities.
Der heiß umkämpfte Markt zwingt die Automobilhersteller ständig nach Lösungen zur Senkung ihres Flottenverbrauches unter Beibehaltung eines höchstmöglichen Komforts und Insassenschutzes zu suchen. Dabei spielt einerseits die Gewichtsersparnis aller The hotly contested market is forcing automakers to constantly seek solutions to reduce their fleet consumption while maintaining the highest possible comfort and occupant safety. On the one hand, the weight savings of all play
Fahrzeugkomponenten eine entscheidende Rolle andererseits aber auch ein möglichst günstiges Verhalten der einzelnen Bauteile bei hoher statischer und dynamischer Vehicle components a crucial role on the other hand but also a favorable behavior of the individual components at high static and dynamic
Beanspruchung im Betrieb wie auch im Crashfall. Stress during operation as well as in the event of a crash.
Dieser Notwendigkeit versuchen die Vormateriallieferanten dadurch Rechnung zu tragen, dass durch die Bereitstellung hoch- und höchstfester Stähle die Wanddicken reduziert werden können bei gleichzeitig verbessertem Bauteilverhalten bei der Fertigung und im Betrieb. The primary suppliers are trying to meet this need by reducing the wall thickness by providing high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels, while at the same time improving component behavior during production and operation.
Diese Stähle müssen daher vergleichsweise hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Dehnfähigkeit, Zähigkeit, Energieaufnahme und Korrosionsbeständigkeit sowie ihrer Verarbeitbarkeit beispielsweise bei der Kaltumformung und beim Schweißen genügen. These steels must therefore meet comparatively high requirements in terms of strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption and corrosion resistance and their processability, for example in cold forming and welding.
Unter den vorgenannten Aspekten gewinnt die Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Among the above aspects, the production of components is gaining
warmumformbaren Stählen zunehmend an Bedeutung, da diese bei geringerem hot-forming steels are becoming increasingly important, as these are less
Materialaufwand die gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Bauteileigenschaften ideal erfüllen. Die Herstellung von Bauteilen mittels Abschreckung von Vorprodukten aus presshärtbaren Stählen durch Warmumformen in einem Umformwerkzeug ist aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 bekannt. Hier wird eine zuvor oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur auf 800 - 1200°C erwärmte und ggf. mit einem metallischen Überzug aus Zink oder auf Basis von Zink versehene Blechplatine in einem fallweise gekühlten Werkzeug durch Warmumformung zu einem Bauteil umgeformt, wobei während des Umformens durch schnellen Wärmeentzug das Blech bzw. Bauteil im Umformwerkzeug eine Abschreckhärtung (Presshärtung) erfährt und dadurch die geforderten Gefüge- und Festigkeitseigenschaften erreicht. Cost of materials meet the increased demands on the component properties ideal. The production of components by means of quenching precursors of press-hardenable steels by hot forming in a forming tool is known from DE 601 19 826 T2. Here is a previously heated above the Austenitisierungstemperatur to 800 - 1200 ° C and possibly provided with a metallic coating of zinc or based on zinc sheet metal blank formed in a case by case cooled tool by hot forming into a component, during the forming by rapid heat removal the Sheet metal or component undergoes quench hardening (press hardening) in the forming tool and thereby achieves the required microstructural and strength properties.
Der metallische Überzug wird als Korrosionsschutz üblicherweise im kontinuierlichen Schmelztauchverfahren auf ein Warm- oder Kaltband bzw. auf das daraus hergestellte Vorprodukt aufgebracht, z. B. als Feuerverzinkung oder Feueraluminierung. The metallic coating is applied as corrosion protection usually in the continuous hot dip process on a hot or cold strip or on the precursor produced therefrom, z. B. as hot dip galvanizing or Feueralumierung.
Anschließend wird die Platine für das Umformwerkzeug der Warmumformung passend zugeschnitten. Möglich ist auch, das jeweils umzuformende Werkstück, bzw. den Zuschnitt, mit einem Schmelztauchüberzug zu versehen. Subsequently, the board is cut to fit the hot forming forming tool. It is also possible to provide the respective workpiece to be formed, or the blank, with a hot-dip coating.
Das Aufbringen eines metallischen Überzugs auf das umzuformende Vorprodukt vor dem Warmumformen ist bei diesem Verfahren von Vorteil, weil durch den Überzug eine The application of a metallic coating on the preform to be formed prior to hot forming is advantageous in this method, because by the coating
Verzunderung des Grundmaterials und durch eine zusätzliche Schmierwirkung übermäßiger Werkzeugverschleiß wirksam vermieden werden. Scaling of the base material and by an additional lubricating effect excessive tool wear can be effectively avoided.
Bekannte warmumformbare Stähle für diesen Einsatzbereich sind z. B. der Mangan-Bor- Stahl„22MnB5" und neuerdings auch luftvergütbare Stähle gemäß der DE 10 2010 024 664 A1. Known thermoformable steels for this application are z. B. the manganese-boron steel "22MnB5" and recently also air hardenable steels according to DE 10 2010 024 664 A1.
Um Bauteile mit sehr hohen Festigkeiten von mehr als 980 MPa bei noch ausreichend hoher Zähigkeit zu erreichen, ist es aus der EP 2 546 375 A1 bekannt, einen Stahl mit einem im Ausgangszustand ferritischen Gefüge mittels Pressformhärtung entsprechend umzuformen und durch eine stufenförmige Prozessführung ein Gefüge aus Bainit, angelassenem In order to achieve components with very high strengths of more than 980 MPa with still sufficiently high toughness, it is known from EP 2 546 375 A1 to reshape a steel having a structure in the initial state ferritic structure by means of compression mold hardening and by a step-shaped process management from a microstructure Bainit, tempered
Martensit und Restaustenit am fertigen Bauteil einzustellen. Hierbei wird das umzuformende Blech zunächst auf eine Temperatur von 750 bis 1000°C erwärmt und auf dieser Temperatur 5 bis 1000 Sekunden gehalten, anschließend bei 350 bis 900°C umgeformt und auf 50 bis 350°C abgekühlt. Schließlich erfolgt eine Wiedererwärmung auf eine Temperatur von 350 bis 490°C, die in einem Zeitraum von 5 bis 1000 Sekunden gehalten wird. Das Gefüge am fertigen Bauteil besteht dabei aus 10 bis 85% Martensit, 5 bis 40% Restaustenit und mindestens 5% Bainit. To adjust martensite and retained austenite on the finished component. In this case, the sheet to be formed is first heated to a temperature of 750 to 1000 ° C and held at this temperature for 5 to 1000 seconds, then formed at 350 to 900 ° C and cooled to 50 to 350 ° C. Finally, reheating to a temperature of 350 to 490 ° C, which is held in a period of 5 to 1000 seconds. The microstructure on the finished component consists of 10 to 85% martensite, 5 to 40% retained austenite and at least 5% bainite.
Die Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen mittels Presshärtung weist jedoch mehrere Nachteile auf. However, the production of a component by hot forming by means of press hardening has several disadvantages.
Zum Einen benötigt dieses Verfahren durch die Aufheizung des Vorproduktes auf On the one hand, this process requires the heating of the precursor
Austenitisierungstemperatur sowie bei der Umwandlung von Ferrit in Austenit sehr viel Energie, was das Verfahren teuer macht und erhebliche Mengen C02 produziert. Austenitizing temperature and in the conversion of ferrite into austenite very much energy, which makes the process expensive and produces significant amounts of C0 2 .
Außerdem ist zur Vermeidung einer übermäßigen Verzunderung der Blechoberfläche wie oben beschrieben eine zusätzliche metallische Schutzschicht oder eine Schutzschicht auf Lackbasis erforderlich oder eine erhebliche Nacharbeit der durch Erwärmung und In addition, to avoid excessive scaling of the sheet surface as described above, an additional metallic protective layer or a protective layer based on paint required or a considerable rework of the by heating and
Umformung verzunderten Oberfläche. Forming scaled surface.
Da die Umformung bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Ac3-Temperatur in der Regel deutlich oberhalb 800°C erfolgt, werden zudem extrem hohe Anforderungen bezüglich der Since the transformation takes place at temperatures above the Ac 3 temperature usually well above 800 ° C, also extremely high requirements in terms of
Temperaturstabilität an diese Schichten gestellt. Temperature stability placed on these layers.
Ein weiterer Nachteil ist auch, dass zur Erlangung entsprechender Bauteilfestigkeiten nach der Presshärtung nur umwandlungsfähige Stähle mit einer ausreichenden Another disadvantage is also that to obtain appropriate component strengths after press hardening only convertible steels with a sufficient
Umwandlungsträgheit eingesetzt werden können, die entsprechend teure Legierungszusätze für die zu erreichende Gefügestruktur und Härte nach der Umformung aufweisen müssen. Conversion inertia can be used, which must have correspondingly expensive alloying additions for the structure to be achieved and hardness after forming.
Zusammengefasst ist festzustellen, dass das bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Stahl durch Warmumformung oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur aufgrund der erforderlichen großen Öfen verbunden mit langen Aufheizzeiten zu hohen Fertigungs- und Energiekosten und damit hohen Bauteilkosten führt. In summary, it should be noted that the known method for producing steel components by hot working above the austenitizing temperature due to the required large furnaces associated with long heating times leads to high manufacturing and energy costs and thus high component costs.
Zur Verbesserung des Umformvermögens hochfester Stähle ist aus der DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 außerdem bekannt, Werkstücke anstatt durch Kaltumformung durch Warmumformung bei Temperaturen von 400 bis 700°C weiter zu einem Bauteil zu verarbeiten To improve the formability of high-strength steels is known from DE 10 2004 028 236 B3 also known to process workpieces instead of cold forming by hot forming at temperatures of 400 to 700 ° C on to a component
(Halbwarmumformung). Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass das umgeformte Bauteil im Gegensatz zu pressgehärteten Bauteilen durch die Erwärmung unterhalb der Umwandlungstemperatur eine Erweichung erfährt, die Festigkeit gegenüber dem Ausgangszustand also verringert wird. (Warm forging). The disadvantage here is that the deformed component, in contrast to press-hardened components by the heating below the transformation temperature a softening experiences, the strength compared to the initial state is thus reduced.
Aus der DE 10 2011 108 162 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Halbwarmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl unterhalb der Aci- Umwandlungstemperatur bekannt, bei dem eine Festigkeitssteigerung im Bauteil durch eine Kaltumformung des Vorproduktes vor der Erwärmung auf Umformtemperatur erreicht wird. Wahlweise kann eine zusätzliche Festigkeitssteigerung im Bauteil durch Verwendung höherfester Werkstoffe, wie bainitische, martensitische, mikrolegierte und Dual- oder Mehrphasenstähle erreicht werden. Nachteilig ist hierbei der zusätzliche Aufwand durch die notwendige Kaltumformung vor der Erwärmung auf Umformtemperatur. Dualphasenstähle weisen bei der Warmumformung zudem den Nachteil einer Empfindlichkeit gegen kantenrissinduziertes Versagen während der Umformung auf. From DE 10 2011 108 162 A1 a method for the production of a component by hot forging of a precursor of steel below the Aci- transition temperature is known in which an increase in strength in the component is achieved by cold working of the precursor before heating to forming temperature. Optionally, an additional increase in strength in the component can be achieved by using higher-strength materials, such as bainitic, martensitic, microalloyed and dual or multiphase steels. The disadvantage here is the additional expense of the necessary cold forming before heating to forming temperature. Dual phase steels also have the disadvantage of hot edge deformation susceptibility to edge crack induced failure during forming.
Hinweise auf konkret einzuhaltende Legierungszusammensetzungen oder Vorgaben für das Gefüge des Vorproduktes zur gezielten Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Bauteils nach der Halbwarmumformung bei Einsatz höherfester Stähle werden nicht offenbart. References to specific alloy compositions or specifications for the structure of the precursor for the targeted adjustment of the mechanical properties of the component after hot forging when using high-strength steels are not disclosed.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch The object of the invention is a method for producing a component by
Warmumformung eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Aci- Umwandlungspunktes anzugeben, welches kostengünstig ist und mit dem vergleichbare oder verbesserte Eigenschaften des umgeformten Bauteils wie beim bekannten To provide hot forming of a precursor of steel at temperatures below the A c i- conversion point, which is inexpensive and with the comparable or improved properties of the formed component as in the known
Warmumformen durch Presshärten erreicht werden. Insbesondere sollen Festigkeiten von mehr als 800 MPa bei Streckgrenzen von über 700 MPa und Bruchdehnungen A80 von mehr als 8% am fertigen Bauteil bei einem duktilen Versagensverhalten des Bauteils erreicht werden. Hot forming can be achieved by press hardening. In particular, strengths of more than 800 MPa at yield strengths of more than 700 MPa and breaking elongations A 80 of more than 8% on the finished component should be achieved with a ductile failure behavior of the component.
Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl gelöst, bei dem das Vorprodukt auf Umformtemperatur erwärmt und anschließend umgeformt wird, wobei das Bauteil nach der Umformung eine bainitische Gefügestruktur mit einer Mindestzugfestigkeit von 800 MPa aufweist, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Erwärmung auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Aci-Umwandlungstemperatur erfolgt, wobei schon das Vorprodukt aus einem Stahl mit einem Gefüge aus mindestens 50% Bainit besteht, und wobei das Vorprodukt folgende Legierungszusammensetzung in Gew.% aufweist: According to the teachings of the invention, this object is achieved by a method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel, in which the precursor is heated to forming temperature and then formed, wherein the component after forming a bainitic microstructure with a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa which is characterized in that the heating takes place at a temperature below the A c i transformation temperature, wherein even the precursor of a Steel having a microstructure of at least 50% bainite, and wherein the precursor has the following alloy composition in% by weight:
C: 0,02 bis 0,3 C: 0.02 to 0.3
Si: 0,01 bis 0,5 Si: 0.01 to 0.5
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 3,0 Mn: 1, 0 to 3.0
P: max. 0,02 P: max. 0.02
S: max. 0,01 S: max. 0.01
N: max. 0,01 N: max. 0.01
AI: bis 0,1 AI: to 0.1
Cu: bis 0,2 Cu: to 0.2
Cr: bis 3,0 Cr: up to 3.0
Ni: bis 0,2 Ni: up to 0.2
Mo: bis 0,2 Mo: to 0.2
Ti: bis 0,2 Ti: to 0.2
V: bis 0,2 V: to 0.2
Nb bis 0,1 Nb to 0.1
B: bis 0,01 B: to 0.01
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist gegenüber dem aus der DE 601 19 826 T2 oder der EP 2 546 375 A1 bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils mittels Presshärtung den Vorteil auf, dass bei deutlich geringerem Energiebedarf für die Erwärmung durch den Einsatz eines schon im Ausgangszustand bainitischen Stahls ein Bauteil mit mechanischen Kennwerten bereitgestellt wird, die gleich oder sogar besser sind, als die mechanischen Eigenschaften im Ausgangszustand des Vorproduktes. Dadurch werden Energiekosten eingespart. Compared to the method for producing a component by means of press-hardening, which is known from DE 601 19 826 T2 or EP 2 546 375 A1, the method according to the invention has the advantage that with significantly lower energy requirements for heating through the use of a bainitic steel already in the initial state Component is provided with mechanical characteristics that are equal to or even better than the mechanical properties in the initial state of the precursor. This saves energy costs.
Gegenüber der DE 10 2011 108 162 A1 kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Compared with DE 10 2011 108 162 A1 can with the inventive
Legierungszusammensetzung und einem Vorprodukt, welches im Ausgangszustand schon ein Gefüge mit mindestens 50% Bainit aufweist, auf den zusätzlichen Schritt einer Alloy composition and a precursor, which already has a microstructure with at least 50% bainite in the initial state, the additional step one
Kaltverformung des Vorproduktes zur Festigkeitssteigerung verzichtet und die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Bauteils nach der Halbwarmumformung gezielt eingestellt werden. Die Verwendung eines schon am Vorprodukt erzeugten bainitischen Stahls mit der angegebenen Legierungszusammensetzung ist von großem Vorteil, da schon der Cold deformation of the precursor to increase the strength omitted and the required mechanical properties of the component after hot forging can be adjusted specifically. The use of an already produced on the precursor bainitic steel with the specified alloy composition is of great advantage, since even the
Ausgangswerkstoff eine hohe Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung aufweist, die auch nach der (umwandlungsfreien) Umformung erhalten bleiben oder sogar höher sind. Starting material has a high tensile strength and elongation, which are retained even after the (conversion) conversion or even higher.
Der für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eingesetzte bainitische Stahl erhält sein Gefüge erfindungsgemäß über eine entsprechende Temperaturführung schon beim The bainitic steel used for the process according to the invention obtains its microstructure according to the invention via a corresponding temperature control already at
Herstellungsprozess des Vorproduktes. Bei Warmband kann die Gefügeeinstellung z. B. über thermomechanisches Walzen, bei Kaltband z. B. durch den Glühprozess nach dem Production process of the precursor. For hot strip, the microstructure z. B. on thermomechanical rolling, for cold strip z. B. by the annealing process after
Kaltwalzen oder bei der Feuerverzinkung erfolgen. Cold rolling or hot dip galvanizing done.
Eine wie bei anderen höherfesten Stählen bekannte„Erweichung" nach der Umformung konnte bei diesem bainitischen Stahl nicht beobachtet werden. Eine„Erweichung" geht oftmals einher mit einer Gefügeumwandlung und ist somit zeit- und temperaturkritisch. Der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Vorproduktes aus mehrheitlich bainitischem Stahl ist dagegen weitgehend unempfindlich, so dass z. B. beabsichtigte oder unbeabsichtigte Zeit- und Temperaturänderungen bei Erwärmung und Umformung keine Verschlechterungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften bewirken. Durch dieses vorteilhafte Werkstoffverhalten können auch anspruchsvolle mehrstufige Prozessschritte reproduzierbar durchgeführt werden. A "softening" after forming, as known with other high-strength steels, could not be observed with this bainitic steel. "Softening" is often accompanied by microstructural transformation and is therefore time- and temperature-critical. The use of the precursor of the invention of mainly bainitic steel, however, is largely insensitive, so that z. B. intended or unintended time and temperature changes during heating and forming cause no deterioration of the mechanical properties. Due to this advantageous material behavior even demanding multi-stage process steps can be carried out reproducibly.
Der besondere Vorteil der Verwendung dieses Legierungskonzeptes und der bainitischen Gefügestruktur besteht weiterhin in einer sehr feinen und homogenen Gefügestruktur mit mindestens 50% Bainit und nur geringen Anteilen an Ferrit, Restaustenit und Martensit. The particular advantage of using this alloy concept and the bainitic microstructure remains in a very fine and homogeneous microstructure with at least 50% bainite and only small amounts of ferrite, retained austenite and martensite.
Besonders vorteilhaft zur Erreichung der geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften ist es, wenn das Gefüge mindestens 70% Bainit aufweist und die Anteile an Restaustenit + It is particularly advantageous for achieving the required mechanical properties if the structure has at least 70% bainite and the proportions of retained austenite +
Martensit <10% sind und der Rest aus Ferrit besteht. Martensite <10% and the remainder is ferrite.
Besonders gleichmäßige und homogene Werkstoffeigenschaften können erreicht werden, wenn der bainitische Stahl des Vorproduktes folgende Legierungszusammensetzung in Gew.Particularly uniform and homogeneous material properties can be achieved if the bainitic steel of the precursor has the following alloy composition in wt.
% aufweist: % having:
C: 0,02 bis 0,11%  C: 0.02 to 0.11%
Si: 0,01 bis 0,5%  Si: 0.01 to 0.5%
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 2,0%  Mn: 1, 0 to 2.0%
P: max. 0,02% S: max. 0,01 % P: max. 0.02% S: max. 0.01%
N: max. 0,01% N: max. 0.01%
Almin: 0,015 bis 0,1 % Al min : 0.015 to 0.1%
B: max. 0,004% B: max. 0.004%
Nb+V+Ti: max. 0,2% Nb + V + Ti: max. 0.2%
In einer weiter verbesserten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Stahl des Vorproduktes folgende Legierungszusammensetzung in Gew.% auf: In a further improved embodiment of the invention, the steel of the precursor has the following alloy composition in% by weight:
C: 0,05 bis 0,11 %  C: 0.05 to 0.11%
Si: 0,1 bis 0,5%  Si: 0.1 to 0.5%
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 2,0%  Mn: 1, 0 to 2.0%
P: max. 0,02%  P: max. 0.02%
S: max. 0,01 %  S: max. 0.01%
N: 0,003 bis 0,01 %  N: 0.003 to 0.01%
Almin: 0,03 bis 0,1 % Al min : 0.03 to 0.1%
B: max. 0,004%  B: max. 0.004%
Mo: 0,04 bis 0,2  Mo: 0.04 to 0.2
Ti: 0,04 bis 0,2  Ti: 0.04 to 0.2
Nb+V+Ti: 0,1 bis 0,2%  Nb + V + Ti: 0.1 to 0.2%
Die Zugabe von Stickstoff von mindestens 0,003 bis 0,01 Gew.-% sorgt in Kombination mit Kohlenstoff und einem Mindestgehalt an Titan von 0,04 bis 0,2 Gew.-% durch die Bildung von Titancarbonitriden vorteilhaft für ein feinkörniges Gefüge mit hohen Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitseigenschaften. Durch die Zugabe von Molybdän in Gehalten von 0,04 bis 0,2 Gew.-% werden zudem die sich bildenden Ausscheidungen vorteilhaft sehr klein gehalten. The addition of nitrogen of at least 0.003 to 0.01 wt .-% in combination with carbon and a minimum content of titanium from 0.04 to 0.2 wt .-% by the formation of titanium carbonitrides advantageously for a fine-grained structure with high strength and toughness properties. In addition, the addition of molybdenum in contents of 0.04 to 0.2 wt .-%, the forming precipitates are advantageously kept very small.
Vergleichsuntersuchungen wurden an Stählen mit den in Tabelle 1 abgegebenen Comparative studies were carried out on steels with those given in Table 1
Legierungszusammensetzungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse für die mechanischen Eigenschaften vor und nach der Halbwarmumformung zeigt die Tabelle 2. Alloy compositions performed. The results for the mechanical properties before and after the warm forging are shown in Table 2.
Untersucht wurden Bleche mit einer Dicke von 1 ,8 bis 2,25 mm die im Ofen bei einer Temperatur von 600°C für 3 Minuten aufgeheizt und im Anschluss zwischen zwei ebenen Werkzeugkomponenten in einer Umformpresse abgekühlt wurden. Die untersuchten Werkstoffe sind in den Tabellen 1 und 2 mit den Buchstaben a, b, c, d, e und f bezeichnet. Die Legierungszusammensetzungen der Werkstoffe entsprechen der erfindungsgemäßen, wobei die Gefüge aber im Ausgangszustand unterschiedlich eingestellt waren. Stahl a wies im Ausgangszustand also vor der Erwärmung auf Umformtemperatur ein ferritisch-bainitisches Grundgefüge„FB", Stahl b ein bainitisches„B", Stahl c ein Sheets were tested with a thickness of 1, 8 to 2.25 mm which were heated in the oven at a temperature of 600 ° C for 3 minutes and then cooled between two flat tool components in a forming press. The materials tested are indicated in Tables 1 and 2 by the letters a, b, c, d, e and f. The alloy compositions of the materials correspond to the invention, but the microstructures were set differently in the initial state. In the initial state, therefore, steel a had a ferritic-bainitic basic structure "FB" before being heated to forming temperature, steel b a bainitic "B", steel c
Mischgefüge aus Martensit, Bainit und Ferrit„MBF", wobei der Martensitanteil dominant ist. Die Stähle d und e wiesen ein ferritisches„F" und der Stahl f ein martensitisches Mixtures of martensite, bainite and ferrite "MBF", with martensite being dominant, steels d and e showing ferritic "F" and steel martensitic
Grundgefüge„M" auf. Bei den Stählen a und c lag der Bainitanteil im Gefüge unter 50% und bei Stahl b über 50%. Ersichtlich ist aus Tabelle 2, dass nur der Stahl b mit einem In the case of steels a and c, the bainite content in the microstructure was below 50% and in steel b above 50%, as can be seen from Table 2, that only the steel b with a
mehrheitlich bainitischen Ausgangsgefüge des Vorproduktes, die Anforderungen an die mechanischen Eigenschaften mit einer Mindestzugfestigkeit von 800 MPa und einer Mindestbruchdehnung A80 von mehr als 8% nach der Halbwarmumformung erfüllt. predominantly bainitic starting structure of the precursor which meets the requirements for mechanical properties with a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa and a minimum elongation at break A80 of more than 8% after hot forging.
Typische Anwendungen zur Ausnutzung des hohen Festigkeitspotentials bei gleichzeitiger Gewichtseinsparung am Bauteil sind der Mobilkranbau, Längs- und Querträger in Lastwagen und Anhängern, Sicherheits- und Fahrwerksteile im Pkw und der Waggonbau. Typical applications for exploiting the high strength potential while at the same time saving weight on the component are mobile crane construction, longitudinal and transverse beams in trucks and trailers, safety and chassis parts in passenger cars and wagon construction.
Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl oder das daraus hergestellte Bauteil zeichnet sich durch eine sehr hohe Streckgrenze und Zugfestigkeit von über 800 MPa bei einer ausreichend hohen Dehnung aus. Aufgrund der chemischen Zusammensetzung ist zudem eine gute The steel according to the invention or the component produced therefrom is characterized by a very high yield strength and tensile strength of more than 800 MPa with a sufficiently high elongation. Due to the chemical composition is also a good
Schweißbarkeit gegeben. Given weldability.
Der vorab genannte Stahl kann weiterhin in bekannter Weise mit einer zunder- bzw. The aforementioned steel can continue in a known manner with a scale or
korrosions-hemmenden Schicht auf Lackbasis oder mit einem metallischen Überzug versehen sein. Der metallische Überzug kann Zink und/oder Magnesium und/oder Aluminium und/oder Silizium enthalten. Lack-based corrosion-inhibiting layer or be provided with a metallic coating. The metallic coating may contain zinc and / or magnesium and / or aluminum and / or silicon.
Im Gegensatz zu gängigen Fertigungsrouten kann bereits oberflächenveredeltes Warm- oder Kaltband für die Umformung im Anschluss an eine Erwärmung eingesetzt werden, da die Haftung und die Duktilität eine Halbwarmumformung mit geringen Umformgraden erträgt. Der metallische Überzug ist gegen kurzzeitige Wiedererwärmungen der Kombination Substrat/Beschichtung (Stahlband/Beschichtung) unterhalb der Aci-Temperatur des In contrast to conventional production routes, surface-finished hot or cold strip can already be used for forming following heating, since the adhesion and the ductility endure half-warm forming with low degrees of deformation. The metallic coating is resistant to short-term reheating of the substrate / coating combination (steel strip / coating) below the Aci temperature of the substrate
Substrats resistent, um die Wiedererwärmung vor der Halbwarmformung und der eigentlichen Halbwarmformung zu überstehen. Aufgrund der vergleichsweise geringen Wärmemenge kann auf großräumige Substrate resistant to survive the rewarming before the half-warming and the actual semi-warming. Due to the comparatively small amount of heat can be large-scale
Wiedererwärmungsaggregate, wie z. B. auf Tunnelöfen oder Kammeröfen, zugunsten schnell und direkt wirkender Systeme (induktiv, konduktiv und insbesondere Strahlung) verzichtet werden. Reheating units, such. As tunnel kilns or chamber furnaces, in favor of fast and direct-acting systems (inductive, conductive and in particular radiation) are dispensed with.
Außerdem kommt das beschriebene neue Verfahren mit erheblich weniger Wärmeenergie aus, bzw. der energetische Wirkungsgrad ist höher als beim Presshärten. Dadurch sind die Prozesskosten geringer und der C02 Ausstoß wird reduziert. In addition, the new method described with significantly less heat energy, or the energy efficiency is higher than during press hardening. As a result, the process costs are lower and the C0 2 emissions are reduced.
Bevorzugt erfolgt die Wiedererwärmung vor dem Halbwarmformen mittels Strahlung, da hier der Wirkungsgrad deutlich höher ist als bei einer Erwärmung in einem Ofen oder bei konduktiver Erwärmung und der Energieeintrag in das Material je nach Preferably, the reheating takes place before the half-warming by means of radiation, since the efficiency is significantly higher than when heated in an oven or conductive heating and the energy input into the material depending on
Oberflächenbeschaffenheit schneller und effektiver erfolgt. Surface finish is faster and more effective.
Der Werkstoff ist auch sehr gut für eine partielle Erwärmung geeignet. Durch den Einsatz von z. B. Strahlern können gezielt einzelne Bereiche des umzuformenden Vorprodukts erwärmt werden, um umformbarkeitsoptimierte Zonen zu erhalten. Dies ermöglicht vorteilhaft die Nutzung von konventionellen Pressen zur Kaltumformung, so dass auf eine komplexe Warmumformanlage, wie sie beim Presshärten notwendig ist, verzichtet werden kann. The material is also very suitable for partial heating. By the use of z. B. emitters can be selectively heated individual areas of the preform to be formed in order to obtain formability optimized zones. This advantageously allows the use of conventional presses for cold forming, so that it is possible to dispense with a complex hot-forming installation, as is necessary in press-hardening.
Für den Transport zwischen Wärmequelle und Umformwerkzeug kann es weiterhin sinnvoll sein, besonders im Falle von sehr dünnen Blechen (z. B. <0,8mm), eine Profilierung der Zuschnitte zur Erhöhung der lokalen Steifigkeit vorzusehen. Dies ist beim konventionellen Presshärten nicht möglich, da die zu erzielende Festigkeit eine schroffe Abkühlung erfordert, welche sich über Leibung im Werkzeug aufgrund der Profilierung ausschließt. For the transport between the heat source and the forming tool, it may also be useful, especially in the case of very thin sheets (eg <0.8 mm), to provide a profiling of the blanks to increase the local rigidity. This is not possible in conventional press hardening, since the strength to be achieved requires a rapid cooling, which excludes over mold in the tool due to the profiling.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Vorprodukt auf eine Temperatur von unterhalb 720°C vorteilhaft in einem Temperaturbereich von 400 - 700°C erwärmt und anschließend zu einem Bauteil umgeformt. Die optimale Umformtemperatur ist abhängig von der geforderten Festigkeit des Bauteils und liegt bevorzugt etwa zwischen 500°C und 700°C. Lange Haltezeiten, um ein bainitisches Gefüge zu erhalten wie in der EP 2 546 375 A1 beschrieben, sind nicht erforderlich, so dass die Prozesszeit für die Herstellung des Bauteils deutlich verkürzt wird. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird bei Erwärmung des Vorproduktes auf Umformtemperatur eine lokale Überschreitung des Temperaturbereichs des In the method according to the invention, the precursor is heated to a temperature of below 720 ° C advantageously in a temperature range of 400 - 700 ° C and then formed into a component. The optimum forming temperature is dependent on the required strength of the component and is preferably between about 500 ° C and 700 ° C. Long holding times in order to obtain a bainitic structure as described in EP 2 546 375 A1 are not required, so that the process time for the production of the component is significantly shortened. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the precursor is heated to the forming temperature, a local exceeding of the temperature range of the
Halbwarmformens in den Austenitisierungsbereich vorgenommen, um gezielt lokale Eigenschaftsänderungen vorzunehmen (z. B. lokale Härtung), die in Kombination mit der Festigkeitssteigerung des restlichen Materials den späteren Beanspruchungen des Bauteils angepasst sind. Semi-warm forming in the austenitizing made in order to make specific local property changes (eg local hardening), which are adapted to the subsequent stresses of the component in combination with the increase in strength of the remaining material.
Tabelle 2 Table 2

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils durch Warmumformen eines Vorproduktes aus Stahl bei dem das Vorprodukt auf Umformtemperatur erwärmt und anschließend umgeformt wird, wobei das Bauteil nach der Umformung eine bainitische Gefügestruktur mit einer Mindestzugfestigkeit von 800 MPa aufweist, 1. A method for producing a component by hot forming a precursor of steel in which the precursor is heated to forming temperature and then formed, wherein the component after forming a bainitic microstructure having a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Ac1 -Umwandlungstemperatur erfolgt, wobei schon das Vorprodukt aus einem Stahl mit einem Gefüge aus mindestens 50% Bainit besteht, und wobei das Vorprodukt folgende Legierungszusammensetzung in Gew.% aufweist: in that the heating takes place at a temperature below the Ac1 transformation temperature, the precursor already being composed of a steel having a microstructure of at least 50% bainite, and the precursor having the following alloy composition in% by weight:
C: 0,02 bis 0,3  C: 0.02 to 0.3
Si: 0,01 bis 0,5  Si: 0.01 to 0.5
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 3,0  Mn: 1, 0 to 3.0
P: max. 0,02  P: max. 0.02
S: max. 0,01  S: max. 0.01
N: max. 0,01  N: max. 0.01
AI: bis 0, 1  AI: to 0, 1
Cu: bis 0,2  Cu: to 0.2
Cr: bis 3,0  Cr: up to 3.0
Ni: bis 0,2  Ni: up to 0.2
Mo: bis 0,2  Mo: to 0.2
Ti: bis 0,2  Ti: to 0.2
V: bis 0,2  V: to 0.2
Nb: bis 0,1  Nb: to 0.1
B: bis 0,01  B: to 0.01
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Gefüge aus mindestens 70% Bainit besteht und die Anteile an Restaustenit + Martensit <10% sind und der Rest aus Ferrit besteht. the microstructure consists of at least 70% bainite and the residual austenite + martensite content is <10% and the remainder is ferrite.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Stahl eine Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.% aufweist: the steel has an alloy with the following composition in% by weight:
C: 0,02 bis 0,11 % C: 0.02 to 0.11%
Si: 0,01 bis 0,5% Si: 0.01 to 0.5%
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 2% Mn: 1, 0 to 2%
P: max. 0,02% S: max. 0,01% P: max. 0.02% S: max. 0.01%
AI: 0,015 bis 0,1 % AI: 0.015 to 0.1%
B: max. 0,004% B: max. 0.004%
Nb+V+Ti: max.0,2% Nb + V + Ti: max.0.2%
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 4. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Stahl eine Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung in Gew.% aufweist:the steel has an alloy with the following composition in% by weight:
C: 0,05 bis 0,11 % C: 0.05 to 0.11%
Si: 0,1 bis 0,5%  Si: 0.1 to 0.5%
Mn: 1 ,0 bis 2,0%  Mn: 1, 0 to 2.0%
P: max. 0,02%  P: max. 0.02%
S: max. 0,01 %  S: max. 0.01%
N: 0,003 bis 0,01 %  N: 0.003 to 0.01%
Almin: 0,03 bis 0,1 %  Almin: 0.03 to 0.1%
B: max. 0,004%  B: max. 0.004%
Mo: 0,04 bis 0,2  Mo: 0.04 to 0.2
Ti: 0,04 bis 0,2  Ti: 0.04 to 0.2
Nb+V+Ti: 0,1 bis 0,2%  Nb + V + Ti: 0.1 to 0.2%
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung des Vorproduktes auf Warmumformtemperatur nur partiell und die partielle Erwärmung wahlweise oberhalb der Ac1-Umwandlungstemperatur erfolgt. that the warming of the precursor to hot-forming temperature is only partial and the partial heating optionally takes place above the Ac1 transformation temperature.
6. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung des Vorproduktes auf eine Temperatur von unterhalb 720°C erfolgt. that the heating of the precursor to a temperature of below 720 ° C takes place.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, 7. The method according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung des Vorproduktes in einem Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 700°C erfolgt. that the heating of the precursor takes place in a temperature range of 400 to 700 ° C.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, 8. The method according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung des Vorproduktes in einem Temperaturbereich von 500 bis 700°C erfolgt. that the heating of the precursor takes place in a temperature range of 500 to 700 ° C.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Vorprodukt vor der Erwärmung mit einem metallischen oder lackartigen Überzug versehen wird. that the precursor is provided before heating with a metallic or paint-like coating.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, 10. The method according to claim 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der metallische Überzug Zn und/oder Mg und/oder AI und/oder Si enthält. the metallic coating contains Zn and / or Mg and / or Al and / or Si.
11. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Anspruch 1 bis 10, 11. The method according to at least one of claim 1 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Erwärmung auf Umformtemperatur induktiv, konduktiv oder mittels Strahlung erfolgt. that the heating to forming temperature is carried out inductively, conductively or by means of radiation.
12. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, 12. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass als Vorprodukt eine Blechplatine oder ein Rohr verwendet wird. that a sheet metal blank or a tube is used as a precursor.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, 13. The method according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Blechplatine aus Warmband oder Kaltband besteht. that the sheet metal blank is made of hot strip or cold strip.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, 14. The method according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Rohr ein nahtlos warmgewalztes oder ein aus Warm- oder Kaltband hergestelltes geschweißtes Rohr ist. that the tube is a seamless hot-rolled tube or a welded tube made of hot or cold strip.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, 15. The method according to claim 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass das Rohr ein nahtlos warmgewalztes oder ein aus Warm- oder Kaltband hergestelltes geschweißtes Rohr ist, dass nochmals einem oder mehrfachen Zieh- und/oder that the tube is a seamless hot-rolled tube or a welded tube made of hot or cold strip, that once again has one or more drawing and / or drawing lines
Glühprozessen unterzogen worden ist.. Has undergone annealing processes ..
EP14731900.8A 2013-05-28 2014-04-30 Method for producing a component by hot forming a pre-product made of steel Active EP3004401B1 (en)

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