EP2997171A1 - Aluminium alloy sheet for metallic bottle or aerosol container - Google Patents

Aluminium alloy sheet for metallic bottle or aerosol container

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Publication number
EP2997171A1
EP2997171A1 EP14731678.0A EP14731678A EP2997171A1 EP 2997171 A1 EP2997171 A1 EP 2997171A1 EP 14731678 A EP14731678 A EP 14731678A EP 2997171 A1 EP2997171 A1 EP 2997171A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
sheet according
aerosol
bottle
cold rolling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14731678.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2997171B1 (en
Inventor
Hervé Vichery
Emilie LAE
Michel STRIEBIG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Constellium Neuf Brisach SAS
Original Assignee
Constellium Neuf Brisach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Constellium Neuf Brisach SAS filed Critical Constellium Neuf Brisach SAS
Publication of EP2997171A1 publication Critical patent/EP2997171A1/en
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Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2615—Edge treatment of cans or tins
    • B21D51/2638—Necking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/12—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums
    • B65D1/14—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by shape
    • B65D1/16—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by shape of curved cross-section, e.g. cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/38—Details of the container body
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/221—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by cold-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B2003/001—Aluminium or its alloys

Definitions

  • Aluminum alloy sheet for metal bottle or aerosol can Aluminum alloy sheet for metal bottle or aerosol can
  • the invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy metal bottles and aerosol containers, also known to those skilled in the art under the name respectively of "bottle-can” or “bottle beverage can” and spray-can , produced by stamping-drawing, that is to say according to a method including these two basic steps, associated in particular with the complementary steps of necking, threading and threading (or “curling") ").
  • the invention more particularly relates to aluminum alloy sheets of composition and heat treatment particularly suitable for this type of application and having in particular a good formability during the above steps, in particular shrinkage, and a low anisotropy required in particular during the stamping and drawing steps.
  • Aluminum alloys are increasingly used in the manufacture of beverage cans, also known as “cans” or “beverage cans”, but also metal bottles or “bottle-cans” and casings. aerosol, because of their very good aesthetic appearance, especially with respect to plastics and steels, their recyclability and their good resistance to corrosion.
  • All aluminum alloys referred to in the following are designated, unless otherwise indicated, in accordance with the designations defined by "Aluminum Association” in the "Registration Record Series” which it publishes regularly.
  • Beverage cans, or cans, still known to those skilled in the art under the name “cans” or “beverage cans”, are manufactured by drawing and drawing from alloy sheets of type 3104 in the metallurgical state. H19.
  • This metallurgical state well known to those skilled in the art, corresponds to a continuous vertical casting plate, followed by scalping, homogenization, hot rolling followed by cold rolling in several passes with an overall cold reduction rate of 80 to 90%, without intermediate annealing.
  • the sheet undergoes a first cutting and stamping operation; during this step, the sheet metal coil feeds a press, also called “cupper", which cuts discs called blanks and performs a first stamping operation to produce cups also known as "cups”.
  • the cups are then routed to a second press or "bodymaker” where they undergo at least a second stamping, also called re-stamping or re-stamping, and several successive draws; these consist of passing the stamped blank by stretching rings in order to lengthen the metal and thin it.
  • the bottom for its part, is shaped in the form of an inverted dome so that it can withstand the internal pressure produced by the container.
  • Boxes whose walls are thinner than the bottom are thus progressively obtained. These boxes are then processed in a machine that prints a rotary motion while a shear cuts at the desired height.
  • a coating is then vaporized inside the preform before a new firing typically between 190 and 220 ° C for 3 to 10 minutes.
  • the beverage cans are then conveyed to a necking and edging station (or edging) also known as a "necker flanger” where the upper part of the preform undergoes several successive diameter narrowing and a border for the subsequent laying of the lid.
  • a necking and edging station also known as a "necker flanger”
  • Metal cylinders and aerosol cans or aerosol cans made of aluminum alloy, are traditionally made by shock spinning, from pawns from wheel casting.
  • the first bottles of aluminum alloy, or "bottle-cans”, made by drawing-drawing and then shrinking or "necking" appeared in Japan in 1993 and in Europe in 1995.
  • bottles are however not monobloc structure. Indeed, the vertical walls and neck of the bottle are made from the bottom of the preform and a cover is crimped on the top of the preform.
  • the alloy claimed here is of the type 3104 in the metallurgical state H 19.
  • this material has the disadvantage of a non-optimal formability vis-à-vis stamping and especially necking or "necking".
  • the invention aims to solve these difficulties by allowing a deep drawing of the cups with stamping ratios up to 1.9 or more, stretching without breakage, and especially a shaping by necking or “necking” with a diameter reduction of the "preform” of the order of 50%, without crack or crease, just as in the "threading” in the case of bottles and hemming in this case as well as in that of the aerosol housings.
  • Object of the invention aims to solve these difficulties by allowing a deep drawing of the cups with stamping ratios up to 1.9 or more, stretching without breakage, and especially a shaping by necking or “necking” with a diameter reduction of the "preform” of the order of 50%, without crack or crease, just as in the "threading” in the case of bottles and hemming in this case as well as in that of the aerosol housings.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for a metal bottle or aerosol can, manufactured by drawing-drawing and shrinking, which is still known to those skilled in the art under the name of "necking”. ", Comprising the following steps:
  • the recrystallization annealing is carried out with a duration of at least one hour at a temperature of 340 to 360 ° C.
  • the aluminum alloy has the following composition (% by weight):
  • Si 0.20 - 0.30, Fe: 0.35 - 0.50, Cu: 0.05 - 0.15, Mn: 0.80 - 0.90, Mg: 1.15 - 1.25, Zn: ⁇ 0.25, Ti: ⁇ 0.10, other elements ⁇ 0.05 each, and ⁇ 0.15 at total, remain aluminum.
  • the invention also relates to a sheet manufactured by a method as mentioned above and whose elastic limit after a heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C, simulating the firing of varnishes, is 170 to 200 MPa and the breaking load of 200 to 230 MPa.
  • the reduction of the elastic limit of said sheet before and after heat treatment simulating the firing of varnishes is 20 to 40 MPa.
  • the anisotropy index of said sheet measured after its cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, by the method of buckets according to standard NF EN 1669, is from 0.5 to 4.0 %.
  • said sheet has, at the end of the test according to the bucket method, horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction and no horn at 0 and 180 ° of said direction.
  • the formability of said sheet is such that it reveals no cracks or folds during deep drawing in two passes, the first with a drawing ratio, ratio between the blank diameter and the diameter of the blank. punch, between 1.5 and 1.9, the second with a stamping ratio between 1.3 and 1.6.
  • said sheet has, at the end of the cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, an elongated grain microstructure with a slenderness factor, ratio of the grain size in the rolling direction. relative to the grain size in the direction of the thickness, measured after anodic oxidation and optical microscopy in polarized light, between 2 and 10.
  • the invention also relates to a metal bottle, still known to those skilled in the art under the name “bottle can” or “bottle type beverage can”, manufactured from such a sheet having one or more characteristics aforementioned, including a metal bottle called shape, that is to say whose main walls are not strictly cylindrical.
  • aerosol can also known to those skilled in the art under the name of "spray-can” or "aerosol dispenser”, made from said sheet having one or more characteristics aforesaid, including a so-called aerosol casing, that is to say the main walls of which are not strictly cylindrical.
  • FIG. 1 represents the "horn profile", that is to say the shape of the developed perimeter of the top of the "cups" at the end of the first stamping operation, with, on the ordinate, the ratio of the height of horn at the average height of the cup and, as abscissa, the angle with respect to the rolling direction.
  • FIG. 2 represents the Vickers Hv microhardness measured under a load of 100 g on pre-shrink preforms (thus having undergone firing of the varnishes) as a function of the yield strength R0.2 in MPa measured on the sheets before transformation but after 10 min. firing simulation treatment. at 205 ° C.
  • the black diamonds correspond to the material according to the invention, and the white squares to materials not in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents the scrap rate in%, according to three zones (A of 0 to 10%, B of 10 to 30% and C beyond) during the necking operation or "necking" as a function of microhardness Vickers Hv above, for materials according to the invention (black diamonds) and non-compliant (white squares). Description of the invention
  • the invention consists in a judicious choice of alloy and heat treatment, as well as processing range, the sheet or strip used for the manufacture of metal bottles, or "bottle-cans", or aerosol cans. This optimization aims to obtain a material capable of:
  • the chemical composition of the alloy expressed in percentages by weight (% by weight) is as follows:
  • a minimum of 0.10%, and preferably 0.20% makes it possible to obtain a sufficient level of phase Ali 2 (Fe, Mn) 3 Si at the end of the homogenization treatment after casting of the plates.
  • This type of abrasive phase has the particular feature of avoiding clogging of the drawing rings by agglomerates of alloy particles and oxide and thus to ensure a good surface quality of the blanks by avoiding what the a person skilled in the art knows under the name of "seizure".
  • Fe is also, in general, an impurity, the content of which increases during recycling. This must be less than 0.55% and preferably 0.50% to prevent the formation of coarse primary phases during casting, phases that are detrimental to formability.
  • a Si content of at least 0.10% and better still of 0.20%, as well as Fe of 0.30% and better still 0.35%, is necessary for a good control of the anisotropy of the final product, that is to say say sheet metal or tape, and therefore subsequent shaping operations.
  • the Cu, Mn and Mg elements are essentially hardening elements whose contents make it possible to control the mechanical characteristics of the sheet metal at the various stages of manufacture, from the blank to the final product.
  • the hardening is mainly related to the presence of these elements in solid solution in the primary aluminum matrix.
  • Cu further allows hardening via fine precipitates.
  • Cu has a content limited to 0.20% to promote restoration during the heat treatment of varnish firing and thus improve the formability necessary especially for shrinking or "necking" and for threading and / or hemming.
  • Mn is limited to 1.0% and better 0.90% to avoid the formation of coarse primary phases during casting, harmful to the formability.
  • Mg is limited to 1.3% and better still 1.25% in order not to significantly reduce the formability, especially for stamping operations.
  • the minimum contents of Cu, Mn and Mg ensure the minimum mechanical characteristics required, in particular for the resistance to the internal pressure of the bottom of the bottle or casing.
  • Zn is limited to 0.25% mainly because of the legislation on products for food applications translated into standard NF EN 602.
  • Ti is a refining element of the casting structure but also forms primary phases unfavorable to formability. For this last reason, its content is limited to less than 0.1%.
  • the manufacture of the sheets according to the invention mainly comprises the casting, typically continuous vertical (CCV), plates and their scalping.
  • CCV continuous vertical
  • the scalped plates then undergo conventional homogenization followed by hot rolling followed by a first cold rolling with a reduction rate of 35 to 80%.
  • the reduction rate before intermediate annealing must be at least 35% to obtain a complete recrystallization during said intermediate annealing. It must not exceed 80% so that the reduction carried out after said intermediate annealing is sufficient to obtain mechanical characteristics after annealing for 10 minutes at 205 ° C. in the ranges announced hereinafter.
  • the intermediate product undergoes a recrystallization annealing at a temperature between 300 and 400 ° C, better between 340 and 360 ° C, or at a target temperature of 350 ° C, for at least one hour.
  • the rolling is resumed with a cold reduction rate of 10 to 35% up to a final thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm.
  • the sheets or strips thus obtained have, after heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C simulating the cumulative drying treatments after cleaning as well as firing of varnishes and internal coating, a yield strength Rp 0 2 of between 170 and 210 MPa and a breaking load of between 200 and 240 MPa.
  • Another advantage of the invention is an anisotropy index, which reflects the ability of the metal to be shaped homogeneously during the manufacture of the cups and their drawing, measured by the bucket method according to the NF standard. EN 1669, between 0.5 and 4.0%.
  • stamping ratio of 1.5 to 1.9 in a first pass and with a stamping ratio of 1.3 to 1.6 in a second pass , which corresponds to an overall stamping ratio of up to 2.8.
  • This mode is however not exclusive, stamping can be achieved in more than two passes.
  • the sheet according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that after the cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, it has a elongated grain microstructure with a slenderness factor, ratio of grain size in the rolling direction to grain size in the thickness direction, measured by polarized light optical microscopy after anodic oxidation, between 2 and 10.
  • Table 1 They were both scalped and then homogenized at a temperature of about 580 ° C for about 3 hours before undergoing hot rolling to a thickness of 2.8 mm.
  • the other (“Invention") was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.65 mm followed by a recrystallization annealing for one hour at 350 ° C. followed by final cold rolling to a thickness of 0.505. mm.
  • the metallurgical state H14 is thus obtained.
  • Circular blank diameter 140 mm
  • Stamping set ((diameter of stamping die - punch diameter - 2 x sheet thickness) / 2 x sheet thickness): 30%
  • the cups according to the invention were of better quality than in the prior art, that is to say having less wrinkles and above all, as shown in FIG. 1, an absence of horns at 0 and 180 ° of the rolling direction, so without pinched horns, which is not the case of the cups of the prior art.
  • the profile according to the invention reveals horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction, ie 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, and 315 °, which do not present the risk of "pinched horns" , contrary to the 0 and 180 ° horns of the cups of the prior art.
  • Table 2 The plate 1 underwent the same transformation range as the reference plate of Example 1, without recrystallization annealing, and the other plates 2 to 9 underwent the same transformation range, identical to the previous one up to rolling. cold to know:
  • the granular structure was characterized on these same plates by optical microscopy in polarized light, after anodic oxidation, with a magnification of 50.
  • the ratio of the grain size in the rolling direction L to that measured was measured.
  • Table 4 It was then achieved using blanks and cups identical to those of Example 1, from sheets of types 1 to 9 according to Table 3, according to a range quite conventional, test series. manufacturing of 33-cl bottle-can bottles.
  • the shrinkage, or "taper” consisted of a reduction of the diameter of the preform from 57 mm to 28 mm over a neck height of 70 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows the values of this hardness of the preforms as a function of the elastic limit of the sheets after the thermal treatment of simulation of the firing of the varnishes.
  • the black diamonds correspond to the material according to the invention, and the white squares to the materials 1 and 2 not in accordance with the invention.
  • a classification from A to C could be carried out according to the number of pieces eliminated in%, ie the "scrap rate". This ranking is as follows:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Abstract

One subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing an aluminium alloy sheet for a metallic bottle or aerosol container comprising the following steps: casting an aluminium alloy slab of composition (% by weight): Si: 0.10 - 0.35, Fe: 0.30 - 0.55, Cu: 0.05 - 0.20, Mn: 0.70 - 1.0, Mg: 0.80 - 1.30, Zn: < 0.25, Ti: < 0.10, other elements < 0.05 each, and < 0.15 in total, remainder aluminium, scalping and homogenization of the slab at a temperature of 550°C to 630°C for at least one hour, hot rolling, cold rolling with a reduction ratio of 35% to 80%, recrystallization annealing at a temperature from 300°C to 400°C for at least one hour, resumption of the cold rolling with a reduction ratio from 10% to 35% to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm. Another subject of the invention is a sheet manufactured by a process as mentioned above, and also a metallic bottle or bottle can, and also an aerosol container or aerosol spray can produced from said sheet.

Description

Tôle en alliage d'aluminium pour bouteille métallique ou boîtier d'aérosol  Aluminum alloy sheet for metal bottle or aerosol can
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
L'invention concerne le domaine des bouteilles métalliques en alliage d'aluminium ainsi que des boîtiers d'aérosol, encore connus de l'homme du métier sous le nom respectivement de « bottle-can » ou « bottle beverage can » et bombe-aérosol, fabriqués par emboutissage-étirage, c'est à dire selon un procédé incluant ces deux étapes de base, associées notamment aux étapes complémentaires de rétreint (ou « necking »), filetage éventuel (ou « threading ») et ourlage (ou « curling »). The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy metal bottles and aerosol containers, also known to those skilled in the art under the name respectively of "bottle-can" or "bottle beverage can" and spray-can , produced by stamping-drawing, that is to say according to a method including these two basic steps, associated in particular with the complementary steps of necking, threading and threading (or "curling") ").
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement des tôles en alliage d'aluminium de composition et traitement thermique particulièrement adaptés à ce type d'application et présentant notamment une bonne formabilité lors des étapes précitées, en particulier de rétreint, ainsi qu'une faible anisotropie nécessaire notamment lors des étapes d'emboutissage et étirage. The invention more particularly relates to aluminum alloy sheets of composition and heat treatment particularly suitable for this type of application and having in particular a good formability during the above steps, in particular shrinkage, and a low anisotropy required in particular during the stamping and drawing steps.
Etat de la technique State of the art
Les alliages d'aluminium sont de plus en plus utilisés dans la fabrication des boîtes- boissons, encore connues sous l'appellation de « cans » ou « beverage cans », mais aussi des bouteilles métalliques ou « bottle-cans » et boîtiers d'aérosol, en raison de leur très bon aspect esthétique, notamment par rapport aux matières plastiques et aux aciers, de leur aptitude au recyclage et de leur bonne résistance à la corrosion. Aluminum alloys are increasingly used in the manufacture of beverage cans, also known as "cans" or "beverage cans", but also metal bottles or "bottle-cans" and casings. aerosol, because of their very good aesthetic appearance, especially with respect to plastics and steels, their recyclability and their good resistance to corrosion.
Tous les alliages d'aluminium dont il est question dans ce qui suit sont désignés, sauf mention contraire, selon les désignations définies par « Aluminum Association » dans les « Registration Record Séries » qu'elle publie régulièrement. Les boîtes-boissons, ou canettes, encore connues de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « cans » ou « beverage cans », sont fabriquées par emboutissage- étirage à partir de tôles en alliage du type 3104 à l'état métallurgique H19. Cet état métallurgique, bien connu de l'homme du métier, correspond à une coulée continue verticale en plaque, suivie d'un scalpage, d'une homogénéisation, d'un laminage à chaud suivi d'un laminage à froid en plusieurs passes avec un taux de réduction global à froid de 80 à 90 %, sans recuit intermédiaire. All aluminum alloys referred to in the following are designated, unless otherwise indicated, in accordance with the designations defined by "Aluminum Association" in the "Registration Record Series" which it publishes regularly. Beverage cans, or cans, still known to those skilled in the art under the name "cans" or "beverage cans", are manufactured by drawing and drawing from alloy sheets of type 3104 in the metallurgical state. H19. This metallurgical state, well known to those skilled in the art, corresponds to a continuous vertical casting plate, followed by scalping, homogenization, hot rolling followed by cold rolling in several passes with an overall cold reduction rate of 80 to 90%, without intermediate annealing.
La tôle subit une première opération de découpage et emboutissage ; au cours de cette étape, la bobine de tôle alimente une presse, également appelée « cupper », qui découpe des disques appelés flans et effectue une première opération d'emboutissage pour produire des coupelles aussi connues sous l'appellation de « cups ». The sheet undergoes a first cutting and stamping operation; during this step, the sheet metal coil feeds a press, also called "cupper", which cuts discs called blanks and performs a first stamping operation to produce cups also known as "cups".
Les coupelles sont alors acheminées vers une deuxième presse ou « bodymaker » où elles subissent au moins un second emboutissage, aussi appelé ré-emboutissage ou emboutissage de reprise, et plusieurs étirages successifs ; ceux-ci consistent à faire passer l'ébauche emboutie par des bagues d'étirage afin d'allonger le métal et l'amincir. Le fond, quant à lui, est façonné en forme de dôme inverti pour qu'il puisse résister à la pression intérieure produite par le contenant. The cups are then routed to a second press or "bodymaker" where they undergo at least a second stamping, also called re-stamping or re-stamping, and several successive draws; these consist of passing the stamped blank by stretching rings in order to lengthen the metal and thin it. The bottom, for its part, is shaped in the form of an inverted dome so that it can withstand the internal pressure produced by the container.
On obtient ainsi progressivement des boîtes dont les parois sont plus minces que le fond. Ces boîtes sont alors traitées dans une machine qui leur imprime un mouvement rotatif pendant qu'une cisaille les coupe à la hauteur voulue. Boxes whose walls are thinner than the bottom are thus progressively obtained. These boxes are then processed in a machine that prints a rotary motion while a shear cuts at the desired height.
Celles-ci sont ensuite lavées dans plusieurs bains de nettoyage et rinçage puis séchées typiquement entre 180 et 250°C pendant 5 à 10 minutes. These are then washed in several cleaning and rinsing baths and then dried typically between 180 and 250 ° C for 5 to 10 minutes.
Elles sont alors imprimées par des rouleaux puis vernies à l'extérieur avant une cuisson typiquement entre 200 et 230°C pendant 5 à 10 minutes. They are then printed with rolls and then varnished on the outside before baking typically between 200 and 230 ° C for 5 to 10 minutes.
Un revêtement est alors vaporisé à l'intérieur de la préforme avant une nouvelle cuisson typiquement entre 190 et 220°C pendant 3 à 10 minutes. A coating is then vaporized inside the preform before a new firing typically between 190 and 220 ° C for 3 to 10 minutes.
La boîte obtenue à ce stade est appelée « préforme ». The box obtained at this stage is called "preform".
Les boîtes boissons sont ensuite acheminées vers un poste de rétreint et bordage (ou bordurage) encore connu sous l'appellation de « necker flanger » où la partie supérieure de la préforme subit plusieurs rétrécissements de diamètre successifs et un bordurage destiné à la pose ultérieure du couvercle. Les bouteilles métalliques et boîtiers d'aérosol ou bombes-aérosol, en alliage d'aluminium, sont traditionnellement fabriqués par filage par choc, à partir de pions issus de coulée sur roue. Les premières bouteilles en alliage d'aluminium, ou « bottle-cans », fabriquées par emboutissage-étirage puis rétreint ou « necking », sont apparues au Japon en 1993 et en Europe en 1995. The beverage cans are then conveyed to a necking and edging station (or edging) also known as a "necker flanger" where the upper part of the preform undergoes several successive diameter narrowing and a border for the subsequent laying of the lid. Metal cylinders and aerosol cans or aerosol cans, made of aluminum alloy, are traditionally made by shock spinning, from pawns from wheel casting. The first bottles of aluminum alloy, or "bottle-cans", made by drawing-drawing and then shrinking or "necking", appeared in Japan in 1993 and in Europe in 1995.
En témoignent les demandes de brevet JP 7060386 de Toyo Rikagaku Kenkyusho de 1993 et EP 0740971 de Hoogovens sous priorité de 1995.  This is evidenced by patent applications JP 7060386 of Toyo Rikagaku Kenkyusho of 1993 and EP 0740971 of Hoogovens under priority of 1995.
Ces bouteilles ne sont toutefois pas de structure monobloc. En effet, les parois verticales et goulot de la bouteille sont fabriqués à partir du fond de la préforme et un couvercle est serti sur le haut de la préforme.  These bottles are however not monobloc structure. Indeed, the vertical walls and neck of the bottle are made from the bottom of the preform and a cover is crimped on the top of the preform.
Ainsi en est il également dans le cas de la demande WO 0115829, de Daiwa Can en 2000 sous priorité de 1999, qui revendique une bouteille en alliage d'aluminium fabriquée par formage à chaud avec un outillage complexe.  So is it also in the case of the application WO 0115829, Daiwa Can in 2000 under priority 1999, which claims an aluminum alloy bottle manufactured by hot forming with complex tooling.
La fabrication de bouteilles du type « bottle can » ou de boîtiers d'aérosol en alliage d'aluminium par essentiellement emboutissage-étirage et rétreint nécessite en effet un matériau capable de:  The manufacture of bottles of the "bottle can" type or of aluminum alloy aerosol casings by essentially drawing-drawing and necking requires in fact a material capable of:
- subir des emboutissages profonds, c'est-à-dire de formation de coupelles à parois verticales et fond horizontal, avec des rapports d'emboutissage, c'est à dire le rapport du diamètre du flan au diamètre du poinçon, jusqu'à 1.9 voire plus, avec des déformations en rétreint élevées, afin d'obtenir une réduction de diamètre importante en deux passes d'emboutissage (emboutissage et emboutissage de reprise) seulement, - fournir des coupelles ou « cups » de bonne qualité, c'est-à-dire ne présentant pas de défauts connus de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « cornes pincées » ni de plis, afin d'éviter toute casse lors de l'étirage ultérieur, - Deep drawing, that is to say the formation of vertical wall cups and horizontal bottom, with stamping ratios, ie the ratio of the diameter of the blank to the diameter of the punch, up to 1.9 or more, with high necking deformations, in order to obtain a large diameter reduction in two stamping passes (stamping and re-stamping) only, - to provide cups or "cups" of good quality; that is to say not having defects known to those skilled in the art under the name of "pinched horns" or folds, in order to avoid any breakage during subsequent stretching,
- accepter sans casse les déformations lors du rétreint ou « necking », au cours duquel le diamètre de la préforme est réduit, dans le cas des bouteilles, de 50% en ordre de grandeur, et au cours de la mise en forme du pas de vis et de l'ourlet dans le cas des bouteilles, et de l'ourlet dans le cas des boîtiers d'aérosol ; ces opérations de filetage et d'ourlage ou « curling » se substituent ici à l'opération plus simple de bordurage des boites- boisson,  - to accept without deformation the deformations during shrinkage or "necking", during which the diameter of the preform is reduced, in the case of bottles, by 50% in order of magnitude, and during the shaping of the pitch of screw and hem in the case of bottles, and hem in the case of aerosol cans; these operations of filleting and hemming or "curling" are substituted here for the simpler operation of edging the beverage cans,
- permettre à la bouteille ou au boîtier d'aérosol une fois terminé, de supporter une « pression de retournement et/ou éclatement » suffisante. Cette dernière, bien connue de l'homme de métier, correspond à la valeur de pression interne pour laquelle le fond de la boîte se retourne ou éclate lorsque celle-ci est soumise à une pression croissante ; elle varie typiquement de 5 à 20 bars selon le type d'utilisation. Les premières bouteilles en alliage d'aluminium, ou « bottle-cans », de structure monobloc, et fabriquées essentiellement par emboutissage-étirage puis rétreint ou « necking », ont vu le jour au Japon dans les années 2000. En témoigne la demande JP 2003082429 de Kobe Steel sous priorité de 2001. - allow the bottle or aerosol canister once completed, to withstand a "return pressure and / or burst" sufficient. The latter, well known to those skilled in the art, corresponds to the value of internal pressure for which the bottom of the box turns or bursts when it is subjected to an increasing pressure; it typically varies from 5 to 20 bar depending on the type of use. The first bottles of aluminum alloy, or "bottle-cans", of monobloc structure, and manufactured mainly by stamping-drawing then narrowed or "necking", were born in Japan in the 2000s. 2003082429 of Kobe Steel under 2001 priority.
L'alliage revendiqué est ici du type 3104 à l'état métallurgique H 19.  The alloy claimed here is of the type 3104 in the metallurgical state H 19.
Il en va de même pour la demande EP 1870481 sous priorité de 2005 du même Kobe The same applies to application EP 1870481 under priority of 2005 of the same Kobe
Steel. Steel.
Ce type de solution est également utilisé en série notamment aux Etats-Unis.  This type of solution is also used in series, in particular in the United States.
"Cependant ce matériau présente l'inconvénient d'une formabilité non optimale vis-à- vis de l'emboutissage et surtout du rétreint ou « necking ». However, this material has the disadvantage of a non-optimal formability vis-à-vis stamping and especially necking or "necking".
En particulier, après emboutissage des coupelles ou « cups », la forme du périmètre développé, connue de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « profil de cornes », n'est pas favorable.  In particular, after stamping cups or "cups", the shape of the developed perimeter, known to those skilled in the art under the name of "horn profile", is not favorable.
II s'agit en effet d'un profil à six cornes, dont deux positionnées respectivement à 0 et 180° de la direction de laminage et quatre à 45° de part et d'autre de ladite direction, conformément à la figure 1. It is indeed a profile with six horns, two positioned respectively at 0 and 180 ° of the rolling direction and four at 45 ° on either side of said direction, according to Figure 1.
Il se trouve qu'une telle configuration, du fait des cornes à 0 et 180°, présente un sérieux risque de donner lieu au phénomène dit de « cornes pincées » bien connu de l'homme de métier, avec le risque de casse lors des étirages ultérieurs.  It happens that such a configuration, because of the horns at 0 and 180 °, presents a serious risk of giving rise to the so-called phenomenon "pinched horns" well known to those skilled in the art, with the risk of breakage during subsequent stretching.
Qui plus est, le matériau s'adoucit peu, c'est-à-dire que sa résistance mécanique diminue peu lors de la cuisson des vernis, ce qui rend la mise en forme pour le rétreint ou « necking » plus délicate. Problème posé  What is more, the material softens little, that is to say that its mechanical strength decreases little during the firing of varnish, which makes the shaping for necking or "necking" more delicate. Problem
L'invention vise à résoudre ces difficultés en autorisant un emboutissage profond des coupelles avec des rapports d'emboutissage jusqu'à 1.9 voire plus, un étirage sans casse, et surtout une mise en forme par rétreint ou « necking » avec une réduction de diamètre de la « préforme » de l'ordre de 50 %, sans fissure ni pli, tout comme lors du « filetage » dans le cas des bouteilles et de l'ourlage dans ce même cas ainsi que dans celui des boîtiers d'aérosol. Objet de l'invention The invention aims to solve these difficulties by allowing a deep drawing of the cups with stamping ratios up to 1.9 or more, stretching without breakage, and especially a shaping by necking or "necking" with a diameter reduction of the "preform" of the order of 50%, without crack or crease, just as in the "threading" in the case of bottles and hemming in this case as well as in that of the aerosol housings. Object of the invention
L'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une tôle en alliage d'aluminium pour bouteille métallique ou boîtier d'aérosol, fabriqués par emboutissage-étirage et rétreint encore connu de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « necking », comportant les étapes suivantes : The subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for a metal bottle or aerosol can, manufactured by drawing-drawing and shrinking, which is still known to those skilled in the art under the name of "necking". ", Comprising the following steps:
Coulée d'une plaque en alliage d'aluminium de composition (% en poids) :  Casting of a composition aluminum alloy plate (% by weight):
Si : 0.10 - 0.35, Fe : 0.30 - 0.55, Cu : 0.05 - 0.20, Mn : 0.70 - 1.0, Mg : 0.80 - 1.30, Zn : < 0.25, Ti : < 0.10, autres éléments < 0.05 chacun, et < 0.15 au total, reste aluminium, If: 0.10 - 0.35, Fe: 0.30 - 0.55, Cu: 0.05 - 0.20, Mn: 0.70 - 1.0, Mg: 0.80 - 1.30, Zn: <0.25, Ti: <0.10, other elements <0.05 each, and <0.15 at total, remaining aluminum,
Scalpage et homogénéisation de la plaque à une température de 550 à 630°C pendant au moins une heure,  Scalping and homogenizing the plate at a temperature of 550 to 630 ° C for at least one hour,
Laminage à chaud, Hot rolling,
Première étape de laminage à froid avec un taux de réduction de 35 à 80%,  First stage of cold rolling with a reduction rate of 35 to 80%,
Recuit de recristallisation à une température de 300 à 400°C pendant au moins une heure, Annealing recrystallization at a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C for at least one hour,
Reprise du laminage à froid avec un taux de réduction de 10 à 35 % jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm,  Resumption of cold rolling with a reduction rate of 10 to 35% up to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm,
Préférentiellement, le recuit de recristallisation est réalisé avec une durée d'au moins une heure à une température de 340 à 360°C.  Preferably, the recrystallization annealing is carried out with a duration of at least one hour at a temperature of 340 to 360 ° C.
Selon une variante avantageuse, l'alliage d'aluminium a la composition suivante (% en poids) :  According to an advantageous variant, the aluminum alloy has the following composition (% by weight):
Si : 0.20 - 0.30, Fe : 0.35 - 0.50, Cu : 0.05 - 0.15, Mn : 0.80 - 0.90, Mg : 1.15 - 1.25, Zn : < 0.25, Ti : < 0.10, autres éléments < 0.05 chacun, et < 0.15 au total, reste aluminium.  Si: 0.20 - 0.30, Fe: 0.35 - 0.50, Cu: 0.05 - 0.15, Mn: 0.80 - 0.90, Mg: 1.15 - 1.25, Zn: <0.25, Ti: <0.10, other elements <0.05 each, and <0.15 at total, remain aluminum.
L'invention a également pour objet une tôle fabriquée par un procédé tel que précité et dont la limite d'élasticité après un traitement thermique de 10 min. à 205°C, simulant la cuisson des vernis, est de 170 à 200 MPa et la charge de rupture de 200 à 230 MPa.  The invention also relates to a sheet manufactured by a method as mentioned above and whose elastic limit after a heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C, simulating the firing of varnishes, is 170 to 200 MPa and the breaking load of 200 to 230 MPa.
Préférentiellement la diminution de la limite d'élasticité de ladite tôle avant et après traitement thermique simulant la cuisson des vernis est de 20 à 40 MPa. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageuse, l'indice d'anisotropie de ladite tôle mesuré après son laminage à froid jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm, par la méthode des godets selon la norme NF EN 1669, est de 0.5 à 4.0 %. Preferentially, the reduction of the elastic limit of said sheet before and after heat treatment simulating the firing of varnishes is 20 to 40 MPa. According to an advantageous embodiment, the anisotropy index of said sheet measured after its cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, by the method of buckets according to standard NF EN 1669, is from 0.5 to 4.0 %.
Encore plus avantageusement, ladite tôle présente, à l'issue du test selon la méthode des godets, des cornes à 45° de part et d'autre de la direction de laminage et aucune corne à 0 et 180° de ladite direction. Even more advantageously, said sheet has, at the end of the test according to the bucket method, horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction and no horn at 0 and 180 ° of said direction.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentielle, la formabilité de ladite tôle est telle qu'elle ne révèle aucune fissure ni pli lors d'un emboutissage profond en deux passes, la première avec un rapport d'emboutissage, rapport entre diamètre du flan et diamètre du poinçon, entre 1.5 et 1.9, la deuxième avec un rapport d'emboutissage entre 1.3 et 1.6.  According to a preferred embodiment, the formability of said sheet is such that it reveals no cracks or folds during deep drawing in two passes, the first with a drawing ratio, ratio between the blank diameter and the diameter of the blank. punch, between 1.5 and 1.9, the second with a stamping ratio between 1.3 and 1.6.
Encore plus préférentiellement, ladite tôle présente, à l'issue du laminage à froid jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm, une microstructure à grains allongés avec un facteur d'élancement, rapport de la taille de grain dans le sens du laminage rapporté à la taille de grain dans le sens de l'épaisseur, mesurées après oxydation anodique et en microscopie optique en lumière polarisée, compris entre 2 et 10.  Even more preferentially, said sheet has, at the end of the cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, an elongated grain microstructure with a slenderness factor, ratio of the grain size in the rolling direction. relative to the grain size in the direction of the thickness, measured after anodic oxidation and optical microscopy in polarized light, between 2 and 10.
L'invention a également pour objet une bouteille métallique, encore connue de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « bottle can » ou « bottle type beverage can », fabriquée à partir d'une telle tôle présentant une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques précitées, y compris une bouteille métallique dite de forme, c'est-à- dire dont les parois principales ne sont pas strictement cylindriques. The invention also relates to a metal bottle, still known to those skilled in the art under the name "bottle can" or "bottle type beverage can", manufactured from such a sheet having one or more characteristics aforementioned, including a metal bottle called shape, that is to say whose main walls are not strictly cylindrical.
Elle a également pour objet un boîtier d'aérosol, encore connu de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « bombe-aérosol » ou encore « distributeur d'aérosol », fabriqué à partir de ladite tôle présentant une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques précitées, y compris un boîtier d'aérosol dit de forme, c'est-à-dire dont les parois principales ne sont pas strictement cylindriques. It also relates to an aerosol can, also known to those skilled in the art under the name of "spray-can" or "aerosol dispenser", made from said sheet having one or more characteristics aforesaid, including a so-called aerosol casing, that is to say the main walls of which are not strictly cylindrical.
Description des figures La figure 1 représente le « profil de cornes », c'est-à-dire la forme du périmètre développé du sommet des « coupelles » à l'issue du premier emboutissage, avec, en ordonnée, le rapport de la hauteur de corne à la hauteur moyenne de la coupelle et, en abscisse, l'angle a par rapport à la direction de laminage. Le profil en traits pleins, avec des cornes notamment pour a = 0 et 180°, correspond à une coupelle de l'art antérieur en alliage du type 3104 à l'état H19 et le profil en traits pointillés à une coupelle produite à partir d'une tôle selon l'invention en alliage du type 3104 à l'état H 14, avec recuit intermédiaire. Les cornes pour a = 0 et 180° y sont absentes. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 represents the "horn profile", that is to say the shape of the developed perimeter of the top of the "cups" at the end of the first stamping operation, with, on the ordinate, the ratio of the height of horn at the average height of the cup and, as abscissa, the angle with respect to the rolling direction. The profile in solid lines, with horns in particular for a = 0 and 180 °, corresponds to a cup of the prior art alloy type 3104 H19 state and the dotted line profile to a cup produced from a sheet according to the invention of the type 3104 alloy in the H 14 state, with intermediate annealing. The horns for a = 0 and 180 ° are absent.
La figure 2 représente la microdureté Vickers Hv mesurée sous une charge de 100 g sur des préformes avant rétreint (ayant donc subi la cuisson des vernis) en fonction de la limite d'élasticité R0.2 en MPa mesurée sur les tôles avant transformation mais après traitement de simulation de cuisson des vernis de 10 min. à 205°C. FIG. 2 represents the Vickers Hv microhardness measured under a load of 100 g on pre-shrink preforms (thus having undergone firing of the varnishes) as a function of the yield strength R0.2 in MPa measured on the sheets before transformation but after 10 min. firing simulation treatment. at 205 ° C.
Les losanges noirs correspondent au matériau selon l'invention, et les carrés blancs à des matériaux non conformes à l'invention.  The black diamonds correspond to the material according to the invention, and the white squares to materials not in accordance with the invention.
Elle révèle une corrélation linéaire entre ces deux valeurs. La figure 3 représente le taux de rebut en %, selon trois zones (A de 0 à 10 %, B de 10 à 30 % et C au-delà) lors de l'opération de rétreint ou « necking » en fonction de la microdureté Vickers Hv ci-dessus, pour des matériaux conformes à l'invention (losanges noirs) et non conformes (carrés blancs). Description de l'invention  It reveals a linear correlation between these two values. FIG. 3 represents the scrap rate in%, according to three zones (A of 0 to 10%, B of 10 to 30% and C beyond) during the necking operation or "necking" as a function of microhardness Vickers Hv above, for materials according to the invention (black diamonds) and non-compliant (white squares). Description of the invention
L'invention consiste dans un choix judicieux d'alliage et de traitement thermique, ainsi que de gamme de transformation, de la tôle ou bande utilisée pour la fabrication des bouteilles métalliques, ou « bottle-cans », ou des boîtiers d'aérosol. Cette optimisation a pour but d'obtenir un matériau capable de: The invention consists in a judicious choice of alloy and heat treatment, as well as processing range, the sheet or strip used for the manufacture of metal bottles, or "bottle-cans", or aerosol cans. This optimization aims to obtain a material capable of:
- subir des emboutissages profonds pour fabriquer les coupelles avec des rapports d'emboutissage jusqu'à 1.9 voire plus, avec des déformations en rétreint élevées, afin d'obtenir une réduction de diamètre importante en deux passes d'emboutissage seulement,  - Deep drawing to make the cups with stamping ratios up to 1.9 or more, with high necking deformations, to obtain a large diameter reduction in two press passes only,
- de limiter le risque de défauts connus de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « cornes pincées » ainsi que de plis, afin d'éviter toute casse lors de l'étirage, - d'autoriser sans casse les déformations lors du rétreint ou « necking » et au cours de la mise en forme du pas de vis dans le cas des bouteilles et de l'ourlet dans le cas des bouteilles et des boîtiers d'aérosol, to limit the risk of defects known to those skilled in the art under the name of "pinched horns" as well as folds, in order to avoid any breakage during stretching, - to allow undisturbed deformation during shrinkage or "necking" and during the shaping of the thread in the case of bottles and the hem in the case of bottles and aerosol containers,
- permettre au produit fini de supporter une « pression de retournement et/ou d'éclatement » suffisante variant typiquement de 6.2 (minimum normatif pour les boîtes-boissons) à 17 bars pour les boîtiers d'aérosol.  - allow the finished product to withstand a "return pressure and / or burst" sufficient typically ranging from 6.2 (minimum standard for beverage cans) to 17 bar for aerosol cans.
A cette fin, la composition chimique de l'alliage, exprimée en pourcentages pondéraux (% en poids) est la suivante :  For this purpose, the chemical composition of the alloy, expressed in percentages by weight (% by weight) is as follows:
Si : 0.10 - 0.35, Fe : 0.30 - 0.55, Cu : 0.05 - 0.20, Mn : 0.70 - 1.0, Mg : 0.80 - 1.30, Zn : < 0.25, Ti : < 0.10, autres éléments < 0.05 chacun, et < 0.15 au total, reste aluminium. If: 0.10 - 0.35, Fe: 0.30 - 0.55, Cu: 0.05 - 0.20, Mn: 0.70 - 1.0, Mg: 0.80 - 1.30, Zn: <0.25, Ti: <0.10, other elements <0.05 each, and <0.15 at total, remain aluminum.
Les plages de concentration imposées aux éléments constitutifs de chaque alliage s'expliquent par les raisons suivantes : The concentration ranges imposed on the constituent elements of each alloy can be explained by the following reasons:
Si est essentiellement une impureté et, en tant que tel, sa teneur doit être limitée à 0.35 % et mieux encore à 0.30 %.  If is essentially an impurity and, as such, its content should be limited to 0.35% and better still to 0.30%.
Toutefois, un minimum de 0.10 %, et préférentiellement 0.20 %, permet d'obtenir un taux suffisant de phase Ali2(Fe,Mn)3Si à l'issue du traitement d'homogénéisation après coulée des plaques. Ce type de phase abrasive a en effet la particularité d'éviter l'encrassement des bagues d'étirage par des agglomérats de particules d'alliage et d'oxyde et donc d'assurer une bonne qualité de surface des ébauches en évitant ce que l'homme du métier connaît sous l'appellation de « grippage ». However, a minimum of 0.10%, and preferably 0.20%, makes it possible to obtain a sufficient level of phase Ali 2 (Fe, Mn) 3 Si at the end of the homogenization treatment after casting of the plates. This type of abrasive phase has the particular feature of avoiding clogging of the drawing rings by agglomerates of alloy particles and oxide and thus to ensure a good surface quality of the blanks by avoiding what the a person skilled in the art knows under the name of "seizure".
Fe est également, de façon générale, une impureté, dont la teneur augmente lors du recyclage. Celle-ci doit être inférieure à 0.55 % et préférentiellement 0.50 % pour éviter la formation de phases primaires grossières lors de la coulée, phases néfastes à la formabilité.  Fe is also, in general, an impurity, the content of which increases during recycling. This must be less than 0.55% and preferably 0.50% to prevent the formation of coarse primary phases during casting, phases that are detrimental to formability.
Toutefois, une teneur en Si au minimum de 0.10 % et mieux de 0.20 %, ainsi qu'en Fe de 0.30 % et mieux 0.35 %, est nécessaire pour une bonne maîtrise de l'anisotropie du produit final, c'est-à-dire de la tôle ou bande, et donc des opérations ultérieures de mise en forme.  However, a Si content of at least 0.10% and better still of 0.20%, as well as Fe of 0.30% and better still 0.35%, is necessary for a good control of the anisotropy of the final product, that is to say say sheet metal or tape, and therefore subsequent shaping operations.
Les éléments Cu, Mn et Mg sont essentiellement des éléments durcissants dont les teneurs permettent de maîtriser les caractéristiques mécaniques de la tôle aux divers stades de la fabrication, du flan au produit final. Le durcissement est principalement lié à la présence de ces éléments en solution solide dans la matrice d'aluminium primaire. Cu permet en outre un durcissement par l'intermédiaire de fins précipités. The Cu, Mn and Mg elements are essentially hardening elements whose contents make it possible to control the mechanical characteristics of the sheet metal at the various stages of manufacture, from the blank to the final product. The hardening is mainly related to the presence of these elements in solid solution in the primary aluminum matrix. Cu further allows hardening via fine precipitates.
Cu a une teneur limitée à 0.20 % pour favoriser la restauration lors du traitement thermique de cuisson des vernis et de ce fait améliorer la formabilité nécessaire notamment pour le rétreint ou « necking » ainsi que pour le filetage et/ou l'ourlage.  Cu has a content limited to 0.20% to promote restoration during the heat treatment of varnish firing and thus improve the formability necessary especially for shrinking or "necking" and for threading and / or hemming.
Mn est limité à 1.0 % et mieux 0.90 % pour éviter la formation de phases primaires grossières lors de la coulée, néfastes à la formabilité.  Mn is limited to 1.0% and better 0.90% to avoid the formation of coarse primary phases during casting, harmful to the formability.
Mg est limité à 1.3 % et mieux 1.25 % pour ne pas réduire de façon trop significative la formabilité, notamment pour les opérations d'emboutissage.  Mg is limited to 1.3% and better still 1.25% in order not to significantly reduce the formability, especially for stamping operations.
Toutefois, les teneurs minimales en Cu, Mn et Mg assurent les caractéristiques mécaniques minimales requises, en particulier pour la tenue à la pression interne du fond de bouteille ou boîtier.  However, the minimum contents of Cu, Mn and Mg ensure the minimum mechanical characteristics required, in particular for the resistance to the internal pressure of the bottom of the bottle or casing.
Zn est limité à 0.25 % essentiellement du fait de la législation sur les produits pour applications alimentaires traduite dans la norme NF EN 602.  Zn is limited to 0.25% mainly because of the legislation on products for food applications translated into standard NF EN 602.
Ti est un élément affinant de la structure de coulée mais forme aussi des phases primaires défavorables à la formabilité. Pour cette dernière raison, sa teneur est limitée à moins de 0.1 %.  Ti is a refining element of the casting structure but also forms primary phases unfavorable to formability. For this last reason, its content is limited to less than 0.1%.
La fabrication des tôles selon l'invention comporte principalement la coulée, typiquement continue verticale (CCV), des plaques et leur scalpage. The manufacture of the sheets according to the invention mainly comprises the casting, typically continuous vertical (CCV), plates and their scalping.
Les plaques scalpées subissent ensuite une homogénéisation conventionnelle puis le laminage à chaud suivi d'un premier laminage à froid avec un taux de réduction de 35 à 80%. En effet, le taux de réduction avant recuit intermédiaire doit être au minimum de 35% pour obtenir une recristallisation complète lors dudit recuit intermédiaire. Il ne doit pas dépasser 80% afin que la réduction réalisée après ledit recuit intermédiaire soit suffisante pour obtenir des caractéristiques mécaniques après recuit de 10 minutes à 205°C dans les fourchettes annoncées ci-après. Après ce premier laminage à froid, le produit intermédiaire subit un recuit de recristallisation à une température comprise entre 300 et 400°C, mieux entre 340 et 360°C, soit à une température visée de 350°C, pendant au moins une heure. Après ce recuit, le laminage est repris avec un taux de réduction à froid de 10 à 35 % jusqu'à une épaisseur finale de 0.35 à 1.0 mm. The scalped plates then undergo conventional homogenization followed by hot rolling followed by a first cold rolling with a reduction rate of 35 to 80%. Indeed, the reduction rate before intermediate annealing must be at least 35% to obtain a complete recrystallization during said intermediate annealing. It must not exceed 80% so that the reduction carried out after said intermediate annealing is sufficient to obtain mechanical characteristics after annealing for 10 minutes at 205 ° C. in the ranges announced hereinafter. After this first cold rolling, the intermediate product undergoes a recrystallization annealing at a temperature between 300 and 400 ° C, better between 340 and 360 ° C, or at a target temperature of 350 ° C, for at least one hour. After this annealing, the rolling is resumed with a cold reduction rate of 10 to 35% up to a final thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm.
Les tôles ou bandes ainsi obtenues présentent, après traitement thermique de 10 min. à 205 °C simulant les traitements cumulés de séchage après nettoyage ainsi que cuisson des vernis et revêtement intérieur, une limite d'élasticité Rp0 2 comprise entre 170 et 210 MPa et une charge de rupture entre 200 et 240 MPa. The sheets or strips thus obtained have, after heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C simulating the cumulative drying treatments after cleaning as well as firing of varnishes and internal coating, a yield strength Rp 0 2 of between 170 and 210 MPa and a breaking load of between 200 and 240 MPa.
Ces valeurs relativement basses par rapport à l'art antérieur avec un alliage du type 3104 mais à l'état métallurgique H19, sont évidemment favorables à la mise en forme de la « préforme », c'est-à-dire de l'ébauche après étirage, revêtements interne et externe et cuisson, donc tout particulièrement pour l'étape de rétreint ou « necking ». These relatively low values compared to the prior art with a type 3104 alloy but in the metallurgical state H19, are obviously favorable to the shaping of the "preform", that is to say of the blank after drawing, internal and external coatings and baking, so especially for the necking or "necking" stage.
Elles sont le résultat d'un adoucissement lors du traitement thermique de 10 min. à 205°C, c'est-à-dire d'un abaissement notamment de la limite d'élasticité Rp0 2 compris entre 20 et 40 MPa. They are the result of a softening during the heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C, that is to say a lowering in particular of the elastic limit Rp 0 2 between 20 and 40 MPa.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est un indice d'anisotropie, qui traduit l'aptitude du métal à se mettre en forme de façon homogène lors de la fabrication des coupelles et de leur étirage, mesuré par la méthode des godets selon la norme NF EN 1669, compris entre 0.5 et 4.0 %. Another advantage of the invention is an anisotropy index, which reflects the ability of the metal to be shaped homogeneously during the manufacture of the cups and their drawing, measured by the bucket method according to the NF standard. EN 1669, between 0.5 and 4.0%.
Ceci se traduit notamment, après emboutissage des coupelles ou « cups », par le fait que la forme du périmètre développé, connue de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « profil de cornes », présente, à l'issue du test selon la méthode des godets, ou à l'issue de l'emboutissage des coupelles, des cornes à 45° de part et d'autre de la direction de laminage et sensiblement aucune corne à 0 et 180° de ladite direction. Or, il se trouve que ce sont les cornes à 0 et/ou 180° qui sont responsables des défauts connus de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « cornes pincées » qui peuvent provoquer des casses ou défauts lors de l'étirage ultérieur.  This is reflected in particular, after stamping the cups or "cups", by the fact that the shape of the developed perimeter, known to those skilled in the art under the name "horn profile", presents, after the test according to the bucket method, or at the end of the stamping of the cups, horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction and substantially no horn at 0 and 180 ° of said direction. However, it turns out that it is the horns at 0 and / or 180 ° which are responsible for defects known to those skilled in the art under the name of "pinched horns" which can cause breakages or defects during drawing ulterior.
En outre, il est possible d'emboutir le matériau ou tôle selon l'invention sans casse ni pli avec un rapport d'emboutissage de 1.5 à 1.9 dans une première passe et avec un rapport d'emboutissage de 1.3 à 1.6 dans une seconde passe, ce qui correspond à un rapport global d'emboutissage jusqu'à 2.8. Ce mode n'est toutefois pas exclusif, l'emboutissage pouvant être réalisé en plus de deux passes. In addition, it is possible to stamp the material or sheet according to the invention without breakage or crease with a stamping ratio of 1.5 to 1.9 in a first pass and with a stamping ratio of 1.3 to 1.6 in a second pass , which corresponds to an overall stamping ratio of up to 2.8. This mode is however not exclusive, stamping can be achieved in more than two passes.
Enfin, la tôle selon l'invention se caractérise également par le fait qu'à l'issue du laminage à froid jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm, elle présente une microstructure à grains allongés avec un facteur d'élancement, rapport de la taille de grain dans le sens du laminage rapporté à la taille de grain dans le sens de l'épaisseur, mesurées en microscopie optique en lumière polarisée après oxydation anodique, compris entre 2 et 10. Finally, the sheet according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that after the cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, it has a elongated grain microstructure with a slenderness factor, ratio of grain size in the rolling direction to grain size in the thickness direction, measured by polarized light optical microscopy after anodic oxidation, between 2 and 10.
Dans ses détails, l'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des exemples ci-après, qui n'ont toutefois pas de caractère limitatif. In its details, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the following examples, which are however not limiting in nature.
Exemples Examples
Exemple 1 Example 1
On a coulé par coulée continue verticale deux plaques d'alliage du type 3104 dont les compositions sont récapitulées ci-après au tableau 1 en pourcentages pondéraux (Poids %): Two alloy plates of the type 3104 were cast by vertical continuous casting, the compositions of which are summarized below in Table 1 in percentages by weight (Weight%):
Tableau 1 Elles ont toutes deux été scalpées puis homogénéisées à une température d'environ 580°C pendant environ 3 heures avant de subir le laminage à chaud jusqu'à une épaisseur de 2.8 mm. Table 1 They were both scalped and then homogenized at a temperature of about 580 ° C for about 3 hours before undergoing hot rolling to a thickness of 2.8 mm.
L'une d'entre elles (« Référence ») a ensuite été soumise au laminage à froid direct jusqu'à l'épaisseur finale de 0.505 mm soit à l'état métallurgique H19.  One of them ("Reference") was then subjected to direct cold rolling until the final thickness of 0.505 mm or in the metallurgical state H19.
L'autre (« Invention ») a subi un laminage à froid jusqu'à l'épaisseur de 0.65 mm puis un recuit de recristallisation d'une heure à 350°C suivi du laminage à froid final jusqu'à l'épaisseur de 0.505 mm. On obtient ainsi l'état métallurgique H14. The other ("Invention") was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.65 mm followed by a recrystallization annealing for one hour at 350 ° C. followed by final cold rolling to a thickness of 0.505. mm. The metallurgical state H14 is thus obtained.
Des « coupelles » ont été réalisées à partir des deux types de tôles repérées « 3104 H14 » et « 3104 H19 » avec les paramètres suivants :  "Cups" were made from the two types of sheets marked "3104 H14" and "3104 H19" with the following parameters:
Diamètre de flan circulaire : 140 mm Circular blank diameter: 140 mm
Diamètre du poinçon : 88.9 mm Jeu d'emboutissage ((diamètre de la matrice d'emboutissage - diamètre du poinçon - 2 x épaisseur de la tôle) / 2 x épaisseur de la tôle): 30 % Punch diameter: 88.9 mm Stamping set ((diameter of stamping die - punch diameter - 2 x sheet thickness) / 2 x sheet thickness): 30%
Pré-lubrification de l'outillage par « Quakerol 30 LVE » avec une quantité visée de 20 mg/coupelle. Vitesse d'emboutissage : 60 coups/min.  Pre-lubrication of the equipment with "Quakerol 30 LVE" with a target quantity of 20 mg / dish. Stamping speed: 60 strokes / min.
Les « profils » de corne sont récapitulés en figure 1 correspondant à la moyenne pour 10 coupelles de chaque type (« 3104 H14 » selon l'invention et « 3104 H19 » de l'art antérieur).  The "profiles" of horn are summarized in Figure 1 corresponding to the average for 10 cups of each type ("3104 H14" according to the invention and "3104 H19" of the prior art).
On a noté que les coupelles selon l'invention étaient de meilleure qualité que selon l'art antérieur, c'est-à-dire présentant moins de plis et surtout, comme le montre la figure 1, une absence de cornes à 0 et 180° de la direction de laminage, donc sans cornes pincées, ce qui n'est pas le cas des coupelles de l'art antérieur.  It was noted that the cups according to the invention were of better quality than in the prior art, that is to say having less wrinkles and above all, as shown in FIG. 1, an absence of horns at 0 and 180 ° of the rolling direction, so without pinched horns, which is not the case of the cups of the prior art.
Le profil selon l'invention révèle des cornes à 45° de part et d'autre de la direction de laminage, soit 45°, 135°, 225°, et 315°, qui ne présentent pas le risque dit de « cornes pincées », au contraire des cornes à 0 et 180° des coupelles de l'art antérieur.  The profile according to the invention reveals horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction, ie 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, and 315 °, which do not present the risk of "pinched horns" , contrary to the 0 and 180 ° horns of the cups of the prior art.
Exemple 2 Example 2
On a coulé par coulée continue verticale neuf plaques d'alliage du type 3104 dont les compositions sont récapitulées ci-après au tableau 2 en pourcentages pondéraux (Poids %): 9 alloy plates of type 3104 were cast by continuous vertical casting, the compositions of which are summarized below in Table 2 in percentages by weight (Weight%):
Tableau 2 La plaque 1 a subi la même gamme de transformation que la plaque de référence de l'exemple 1, soit sans recuit de recristallisation, et les autres plaques 2 à 9 ont subi la même gamme de transformation, identique à la précédente jusqu'au laminage à froid à savoir : Table 2 The plate 1 underwent the same transformation range as the reference plate of Example 1, without recrystallization annealing, and the other plates 2 to 9 underwent the same transformation range, identical to the previous one up to rolling. cold to know:
Elles ont toutes été scalpées puis homogénéisées à une température d'environ 580°C pendant environ 3 heures avant de subir le laminage à chaud jusqu'à une épaisseur de 2.8 mm.  They were all scalped and then homogenized at a temperature of about 580 ° C for about 3 hours before undergoing hot rolling to a thickness of 2.8 mm.
Elles ont ensuite été soumises au laminage à froid avec différents taux de réduction conformément au tableau 3 ci-après :  They were then subjected to cold rolling with different reduction rates according to Table 3 below:
Tableau 3 Les matériaux 1 et 2 ne sont pas conformes à l'invention du fait respectivement de l'absence de recuit intermédiaire et d'un taux de réduction après recuit au laminage à froid de 37 % pour un maximum selon l'invention de 35 %. On a ensuite mesuré sur des tôles en fin de laminage à froid avant et après traitement de simulation de cuisson des vernis la limite d'élasticité Rp0 2 en MPa et la charge de rupture Rra en MPa après ledit traitement. Table 3 Materials 1 and 2 are not in accordance with the invention because of respectively the absence of intermediate annealing and a reduction ratio after cold rolling annealing of 37% for a maximum according to the invention of 35%. %. Then, on the sheets at the end of the cold rolling, the yield strength Rp 0 2 in MPa and the breaking load Rra in MPa after said treatment were measured on sheets at the end of cold rolling.
Ces valeurs sont reportées au tableau 3 ainsi que la différence ARp0.2 avant et après ledit traitement. These values are reported in Table 3 along with the difference ARp 0 . 2 before and after said treatment.
On notera que la limite d'élasticité ainsi mesurée varie de 193 à 204 MPa, alors qu'elle est supérieure (214 MPa) pour la référence 2 et encore plus nettement pour la référence 1 (233 MPa), ce qui est favorable à la formabilité pour les tôles conformes à l'invention. It should be noted that the elastic limit thus measured varies from 193 to 204 MPa, whereas it is higher (214 MPa) for reference 2 and even more clearly for reference 1 (233 MPa), which is favorable to the formability for the sheets according to the invention.
On notera également que la différence des limites d'élasticité avant et après ledit traitement varient pour les tôles selon l'invention de 20 à 35 MPa, alors qu'elle n'est que de 15 MPa pour la référence 1 de l'art antérieur, avec la même conclusion que précédemment. It will also be noted that the difference in elasticity limits before and after said treatment varies for sheets according to the invention from 20 to 35 MPa, whereas it is only 15 MPa for reference 1 of the prior art. , with the same conclusion as before.
On a également mesuré, après laminage à froid à l'épaisseur de 0.505 mm, par la méthode des godets selon la norme NF EN 1669, l'indice d'anisotropie S45 pour toutes les tôles et S0 pour la tôle selon l'art antérieur à l'état métallurgique H19 (référence 1). It was also measured, after cold rolling to the thickness of 0.505 mm, by the method of buckets according to standard NF EN 1669, the S45 anisotropy index for all sheets and S0 for sheet metal according to the prior art. in the metallurgical state H19 (reference 1).
Les valeurs obtenues sont reportées au tableau 4 ci-après.  The values obtained are shown in Table 4 below.
On note que, dans le cas des tôles selon l'invention, elles sont toutes comprises entre 0.5 et 4.0 %, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les tôles de référence hors invention. Note that, in the case of sheets according to the invention, they are all between 0.5 and 4.0%, which is not the case for the reference sheets outside the invention.
Enfin, la structure granulaire a été caractérisée sur ces mêmes tôles en microscopie optique en lumière polarisée, après oxydation anodique, avec un grossissement de 50. On a mesuré à cette fin le rapport de la taille de grain dans le sens du laminage L à celui de la taille de grain dans le sens de l'épaisseur ou « travers court Te », soit dans un plan (L,Tc), et ce sensiblement à mi-largeur de la tôle initiale. Finally, the granular structure was characterized on these same plates by optical microscopy in polarized light, after anodic oxidation, with a magnification of 50. For this purpose, the ratio of the grain size in the rolling direction L to that measured was measured. the grain size in the direction of the thickness or "short traverse Te", or in a plane (L, Tc), and this substantially half-width of the initial sheet.
Les valeurs rapportées au tableau 4 ci-après correspondent à une moyenne d'environ cinquante mesures pour chaque cas. On note que les tôles selon l'invention présentent toutes un rapport d'élancement compris entre 1 et 10, et en l'occurrence de 3 à 5, alors qu'il atteint la valeur de 30 dans le cas de la tôle selon l'art antérieur à l'état métallurgique H19 (référence 1). The values reported in Table 4 below correspond to an average of about fifty measurements for each case. It should be noted that the plates according to the invention all have a slenderness ratio of between 1 and 10, and in this case from 3 to 5, whereas it reaches the value of 30 in the case of sheet metal according to the invention. prior art in the metallurgical state H19 (reference 1).
Tableau 4 On a alors réalisé à l'aide de flans et coupelles identiques à ceux de l'exemple 1, à partir de tôles des types 1 à 9 conformément au tableau 3, selon une gamme tout à fait conventionnelle, des séries d'essai de fabrication de bouteilles métalliques du type « bottle-can » d'une contenance de 33 cl. Table 4 It was then achieved using blanks and cups identical to those of Example 1, from sheets of types 1 to 9 according to Table 3, according to a range quite conventional, test series. manufacturing of 33-cl bottle-can bottles.
Le rétreint, ou « conification », a consisté en une réduction du diamètre de la préforme de 57 mm à 28 mm sur une hauteur de goulot de 70 mm.  The shrinkage, or "taper", consisted of a reduction of the diameter of the preform from 57 mm to 28 mm over a neck height of 70 mm.
Après « conification », le goulot a été fileté puis ourlé. After "conification", the neck was threaded and hemmed.
Ces essais ont porté sur 3000 à 5000 bouteilles pour chaque matériau 1 à 9. These tests covered 3000 to 5000 bottles for each material 1 to 9.
En cours d'essais, au stade de la préforme vernie et après cuisson, soit exactement avant l'opération de rétreint, des prélèvements ont été effectués pour mesure de la microdureté Vickers des préformes sous une charge de 100 grammes, après découpe, enrobage et polissage. During the tests, at the stage of the varnished preform and after cooking, exactly before the necking operation, samples were taken to measure the microhardness Vickers preforms under a load of 100 grams, after cutting, coating and polishing.
Les résultats sont portés au tableau 3, et la figure 2 représente les valeurs de cette dureté des préformes en fonction de la limite d'élasticité des tôles après traitement thermique de simulation de la cuisson des vernis.  The results are shown in Table 3, and FIG. 2 shows the values of this hardness of the preforms as a function of the elastic limit of the sheets after the thermal treatment of simulation of the firing of the varnishes.
Les losanges noirs correspondent au matériau selon l'invention, et les carrés blancs aux matériaux 1 et 2 non conformes à l'invention.  The black diamonds correspond to the material according to the invention, and the white squares to the materials 1 and 2 not in accordance with the invention.
Cette figure révèle une corrélation linéaire entre ces deux valeurs pour les matériaux élaborés avec un recuit de recristallisation intermédiaire (losanges noirs et carré blanc dont coordonnées : 90 Hv et 214 MPa).  This figure reveals a linear correlation between these two values for the materials elaborated with intermediate recrystallization annealing (black diamonds and white square with coordinates: 90 Hv and 214 MPa).
A l'issue de l'opération de rétreint ou « necking », des contrôles visuels ont été réalisés pour éliminer toutes les pièces présentant des défauts tels que plis sur le col de bouteille, plis sur le pas de vis, ourlet de bouteille présentant des fissures plus ou moins ouvertes, connues sous l'appellation de « split curl », absence de vernis, incrustations, pas de vis écrasé, rayures... At the end of the shrinking or "necking" operation, visual checks were made to eliminate any parts with defects such as folds on the neck of the bottle, folds on the thread, bottle hem with cracks more or less open, known as "split curl", lack of varnish, inlays, no crushed screws, scratches ...
Un classement de A à C a pu être effectué en fonction du nombre de pièces éliminées en %, soit du « taux de rebut ». Ce classement s'établit ainsi :  A classification from A to C could be carried out according to the number of pieces eliminated in%, ie the "scrap rate". This ranking is as follows:
A pour un taux de rebut de 0 à 10 %, B de 10 à 30 % et C au-delà. A for a scrap rate of 0 to 10%, B of 10 to 30% and C beyond.
Les résultats sont reportés au tableau 3 et la figure 3 représente le taux de rebut en %, selon les trois zones prédéfinies de A à C, lors de l'opération de rétreint ou « necking » en fonction de la microdureté Vickers Hv ci-dessus, pour des matériaux conformes à l'invention (losanges noirs) et non conformes (carrés blancs). The results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 3 shows the scrap rate in%, according to the three predefined zones from A to C, during the necking operation or "necking" according to the microhardness Vickers Hv above. , for materials according to the invention (black diamonds) and non-compliant (white squares).
On y relève sans ambiguïté le meilleur comportement des matériaux selon l'invention par rapport aux matériaux non conformes à l'invention et en particulier celui de l'art antérieur présentant le moins bon résultat (rebut le plus élevé). It unambiguously identifies the best behavior of the materials according to the invention with respect to materials not in accordance with the invention and in particular that of the prior art having the worst result (highest scrap).

Claims

Revendications  claims
Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle en alliage d'aluminium pour bouteille métallique ou boîtier d'aérosol, fabriqués par emboutissage-étirage et rétreint encore connu de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « necking », comportant les étapes suivantes : A process for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for a metal bottle or aerosol can, manufactured by drawing-drawing and shrinkage still known to those skilled in the art under the name of "necking", comprising the following steps:
Coulée d'une plaque en alliage d'aluminium de composition (% en poids) : Si : 0.10 - 0.35, Fe : 0.30 - 0.55, Cu : 0.05 - 0.20, Mn : 0.70 - 1.0, Mg : 0.80 - 1.30, Zn : < 0.25, Ti : < 0.10, autres éléments < 0.05 chacun, et < 0.15 au total, reste aluminium,  Casting of a composition aluminum alloy plate (% by weight): Si: 0.10 - 0.35, Fe: 0.30 - 0.55, Cu: 0.05 - 0.20, Mn: 0.70 - 1.0, Mg: 0.80 - 1.30, Zn: <0.25, Ti: <0.10, other elements <0.05 each, and <0.15 in total, remains aluminum,
Scalpage et homogénéisation de la plaque à une température de 550 à 630°C pendant au moins une heure,  Scalping and homogenizing the plate at a temperature of 550 to 630 ° C for at least one hour,
Laminage à chaud, Hot rolling,
Première étape de laminage à froid avec un taux de réduction de 35 à 80%, Recuit de recristallisation,  First cold rolling stage with a reduction rate of 35 to 80%, recrystallization annealing,
Reprise du laminage à froid avec un taux de réduction de 10 à 35 % jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm,  Resumption of cold rolling with a reduction rate of 10 to 35% up to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm,
caractérisé en ce que le recuit de recristallisation est réalisé avec une durée d'au moins une heure à une température de 300 à 400°C. characterized in that the recrystallization annealing is carried out with a duration of at least one hour at a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le recuit de recristallisation est réalisé avec une durée d'au moins une heure à une température de 340 à 360°C. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the recrystallization annealing is carried out with a duration of at least one hour at a temperature of 340 to 360 ° C.
Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium a la composition suivante (% en poids) : Process according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the aluminum alloy has the following composition (% by weight):
Si : 0.20 - 0.30, Fe : 0.35 - 0.50, Cu : 0.05 - 0.15, Mn : 0.80 - 0.90, Mg : 1.15 - 1.25, Zn : < 0.25, Ti : < 0.10, autres éléments < 0.05 chacun, et < 0.15 au total, reste aluminium.  Si: 0.20 - 0.30, Fe: 0.35 - 0.50, Cu: 0.05 - 0.15, Mn: 0.80 - 0.90, Mg: 1.15 - 1.25, Zn: <0.25, Ti: <0.10, other elements <0.05 each, and <0.15 at total, remain aluminum.
Tôle fabriquée par un procédé selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que sa limite d'élasticité après un traitement thermique de 10 min. à 205°C, simulant la cuisson des vernis, est de 170 à 200 MPa et la charge de rupture de 200 à 230 MPa. Sheet manufactured by a process according to claim 3 characterized in that its elastic limit after a heat treatment of 10 min. at 205 ° C, simulating the varnish baking, is from 170 to 200 MPa and the breaking load from 200 to 230 MPa.
Tôle selon la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que la diminution de la limite d'élasticité avant et après traitement thermique simulant la cuisson des vernis est de 20 à 40 MPa. Sheet according to claim 4 characterized in that the reduction of the yield strength before and after heat treatment simulating the firing of varnishes is 20 to 40 MPa.
Tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5 caractérisée en ce que son indice d'anisotropie mesuré après laminage à froid jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm, par la méthode des godets selon la norme NF EN 1669, est de 1 à 4%. Sheet according to one of claims 4 or 5 characterized in that its anisotropy index measured after cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, by the method of buckets according to standard NF EN 1669, is 1 at 4%.
Tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6 caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente à l'issue du test selon la méthode des godets des cornes à 45° de part et d'autre de la direction de laminage et sensiblement aucune corne à 0 et 180° de ladite direction. Sheet according to one of claims 4 to 6 characterized in that it presents at the end of the test according to the buckets method horns at 45 ° on either side of the rolling direction and substantially no horn to 0 and 180 ° of said direction.
Tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7 caractérisée en ce que sa formabilité est telle qu'elle ne révèle aucune fissure ni pli lors d'un emboutissage profond en deux passes, la première avec un rapport d'emboutissage, rapport entre diamètre du flan et diamètre du poinçon, entre 1.5 et 1.9, la deuxième avec un rapport d'emboutissage entre 1.3 et 1.6. Sheet according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that its formability is such that it reveals no cracks or folds during deep drawing in two passes, the first with a drawing ratio, ratio between the diameter of the blank and punch diameter, between 1.5 and 1.9, the second with a stamping ratio between 1.3 and 1.6.
Tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8 caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente, à l'issue du laminage à froid jusqu'à une épaisseur de 0.35 à 1.0 mm, une microstructure à grains allongés avec un facteur d'élancement, rapport de la taille de grain dans le sens du laminage rapporté à la taille de grain dans le sens de l'épaisseur, mesurées après oxydation anodique et en microscopie optique en lumière polarisée, compris entre 2 et 10. Sheet according to one of claims 4 to 8 characterized in that it has, after the cold rolling to a thickness of 0.35 to 1.0 mm, an elongated grain microstructure with a slenderness factor, ratio grain size in the direction of rolling compared to grain size in the thickness direction, measured after anodic oxidation and optical microscopy in polarized light, between 2 and 10.
10. Bouteille métallique, encore connue de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « bottle can » ou « bottle type beverage can », caractérisée en qu'elle est fabriquée à partir d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9. 10. Metal bottle, still known to those skilled in the art under the name of "bottle can" or "bottle type beverage can", characterized in that it is manufactured from a sheet according to one of claims 4 to 9.
1 1. Bouteille métallique dite de forme, c'est-à-dire dont les parois principales ne sont pas strictement cylindriques, caractérisée en qu'elle est fabriquée à partir d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9. 1 1. Shape metal bottle, that is to say whose main walls are not strictly cylindrical, characterized in that it is manufactured from a sheet according to one of claims 4 to 9.
12. Boîtier d'aérosol, encore connu de l'homme de métier sous l'appellation de « bombe d'aérosol » ou encore « distributeur d'aérosol », caractérisé en ce qu'il est fabriqué à partir d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9. 12. Aerosol can, also known to those skilled in the art under the name of "aerosol can" or "aerosol dispenser", characterized in that it is made from a sheet according to one of claims 4 to 9.
13. Boîtier d'aérosol dit de forme, c'est-à-dire dont les parois principales ne sont pas strictement cylindriques, caractérisé en ce qu'il est fabriqué à partir d'une tôle selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9. 13. Aerosol casing said shape, that is to say whose main walls are not strictly cylindrical, characterized in that it is manufactured from a sheet according to one of claims 4 to 9 .
EP14731678.0A 2013-05-17 2014-05-13 Aluminium alloy sheet for metallic bottle or can or aerosol bottle Active EP2997171B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1301143A FR3005664B1 (en) 2013-05-17 2013-05-17 ALLOY ALLOY SHEET FOR METAL BOTTLE OR AEROSOL HOUSING
PCT/FR2014/000104 WO2014184450A1 (en) 2013-05-17 2014-05-13 Aluminium alloy sheet for metallic bottle or aerosol container

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EP2997171A1 true EP2997171A1 (en) 2016-03-23
EP2997171B1 EP2997171B1 (en) 2020-07-08

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EP (1) EP2997171B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105229183B (en)
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FR (1) FR3005664B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2668357C2 (en)
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BR112015028352A2 (en) 2017-07-25
RU2015153850A3 (en) 2018-03-30
CN105229183A (en) 2016-01-06
FR3005664A1 (en) 2014-11-21
RU2015153850A (en) 2017-06-22
US20160083825A1 (en) 2016-03-24
FR3005664B1 (en) 2016-05-27
WO2014184450A1 (en) 2014-11-20
EP2997171B1 (en) 2020-07-08
US10577683B2 (en) 2020-03-03
CN105229183B (en) 2017-05-24
RU2668357C2 (en) 2018-09-28
BR112015028352B1 (en) 2020-05-12

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