EP2992526A1 - Bildschirm und verfahren zur sicheren darstellung von informationen - Google Patents
Bildschirm und verfahren zur sicheren darstellung von informationenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2992526A1 EP2992526A1 EP14715020.5A EP14715020A EP2992526A1 EP 2992526 A1 EP2992526 A1 EP 2992526A1 EP 14715020 A EP14715020 A EP 14715020A EP 2992526 A1 EP2992526 A1 EP 2992526A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- background
- foreground
- light
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133374—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods for displaying permanent signs or marks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/02—Composition of display devices
- G09G2300/023—Display panel composed of stacked panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/068—Adjustment of display parameters for control of viewing angle adjustment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2358/00—Arrangements for display data security
Definitions
- the invention relates to a screen comprising a background grid comprising a first type of background light emitting radiating elements and a second type of light radiating or opaque background gratings, wherein the light emitted by the second type of background gratings differs in at least one property from that of the first type Background raster elements radiated differs, includes, as well as a foreground grid with fully translucent and light-attenuating foreground grid elements.
- the foreground grid precedes the background grid from the direction of a viewer. It is arranged at a predetermined distance from the background grid and in particular aligned in a predetermined lateral position perpendicular to the distance on the background grid. If the plane perpendicular to this distance is called the x-y plane, the orientation is in the x and y directions.
- the characteristic in which the light emitted by the first and second types of background raster elements differs for example the color or the brightness, or else the polarization can be used , Also, several properties may be different at the same time.
- the invention also relates to a method for the reliable representation of information on such a screen, in which light is emitted by a background grid with a first type of background emitting elements radiating light and a second type of light or opaque background elements. The light then impinges on a foreground grid in the viewing direction in front of the background grid with completely translucent and light-weakening foreground grid elements.
- grid is arranged at a predetermined distance from the background grid, and is aligned in a predetermined lateral position perpendicular to the distance to the background grid.
- the term "light-emitting" with respect to the background raster elements is to be understood as meaning, for example, those elements which are self-luminous or even those which reflect or transmit the light.
- OLED Organic LED
- FED field emission
- SED surface conduction electron emitter
- VFD vacuum fluorescent displays
- FED field emission
- SED surface conduction electron emitter
- VFD vacuum fluorescent displays
- screens printed on a transparent foil wherein the material used for the background grid may also be made opaque when ambient light is used for the illumination
- Background grid elements can b
- printed dots may be of any color; a light-emitting background rasterizer is typically a pixel or subpixel of a flat panel display of any of the above types.
- the completely translucent foreground grid elements let the light coming from behind pass through almost unhindered, so are completely transparent to the wavelengths used, but including a light attenuation of up to 10% or - material-related - something more by scattering or absorption of material contamination are included.
- the foreground grid element is called light-weakening.
- the attenuation can be done for example by scattering, ie undirected deflection, or absorption, but also by targeted deflection such as reflection or diffraction.
- the foreground grid elements can also be color-selective, ie transparent for only a small wavelength range.
- LCD liquid crystal displays
- applications for mobile devices such as tablet PCs or mobile phones and laptops are also available, with which banking transactions can be done, or other, personal information or sensitive data are displayed. insofar For example, users of such devices need to control the viewing angle, for example, to prevent sensitive data from being perceived by any third parties in the viewing angle area.
- US Pat. No. 6,765,550 describes an improved micro-lamella-based privacy screen.
- the micro-blades are switchable here.
- here is the handling of the filter, each mechanically, i. must be grown or removed by hand, disadvantageous.
- the light loss in the protected mode is very high, so that this privacy in high brightness environments can hardly be used.
- No. 6,211,131,330 describes the use of a second LC screen with privacy screen for cash dispensers.
- the backlighting, the backlight is thereby col- lected so that only by switching off an intermediate diffuser light goes through this arrangement.
- the technical complexity and the associated costs are high.
- the switchover between free and limited vision is generated by means of the activation of liquid crystals between so-called "chromonic" layers., Similar to the previously described films, however, the loss of light is very high and the technical realization is rather complicated.
- WO 2009/050505 describes a mask structure permanently blocking light in a pattern, in which the switchover between a public and a non-public mode takes place via the use of different pixel groups for the two operating modes, but the brightness is not one with a mask structure permanently reduced screen and is associated with a loss of resolution in public mode.
- JP 2005-134678 a screen is described in which can be switched by means of the control of liquid crystals between a public and a non-public mode.
- this solution is costly, also occurs, as with the other approaches already mentioned, a large loss of brightness.
- WO 2013/049088 describes a switchover between such operating modes, which is based on the use of a material whose scattering properties can be controlled so that switching between a scattering and a non-scattering state can take place.
- the material is in structured channels.
- this approach is technically very complex and also reduces the brightness of the screen.
- the provision of the possibility of switching between a private, protected mode with very narrow viewing angle range and a public, unprotected operating mode with a wide viewing angle range usually leads to the fact that the brightness of the basic screen is significantly reduced and / or the resolution in the unprotected operating mode is greatly reduced.
- most of the production is technically complicated and therefore costly, in some cases, a further active optical element for switching between the two modes of operation is needed, which is also associated with higher costs.
- the object of the invention is therefore to develop a screen and a method for the reliable display of information, the arrangement and the method with simple means and should be inexpensive to implement.
- a partial or complete switching between the safe operating mode and an unprotected operating mode should advantageously be possible, wherein the resolution should be as high as possible in the unprotected operating mode.
- the brightness should be reduced as little as possible.
- This object is achieved for a screen of the type described above in that in at least one foreground area of the foreground grid the completely translucent and the light attenuating foreground grid elements are stochastically distributed in a ratio of about 50:50. This distribution serves as the key to coding the background grid.
- basic encoding is defined as an inverted distribution of the translucent and light attenuating foreground raster elements in at least one background region corresponding to the foreground region, such that light attenuating foreground raster elements are the first type of light radiating background raster elements and fully translucent foreground raster elements are the second type of light radiating or opaque background.
- tergroundraster imageryn correspond.
- the distribution of the second type of background-screening elements radiating or opaque to light and radiating the first type of light is at least partially inverted as coding the information relative to the basic coding.
- the lateral dimensions of the foreground grid elements, the distance and the lateral position of the foreground grid with respect to the background grid are coordinated so that a viewer looking at the foreground grid displays the coded information due to a contrast and / or color difference with respect to those areas of the background grid that are ground-coded, only from a line of sight or a viewing angle range of some Degrees up to about ⁇ 50 degrees around the line of sight perceives encrypted.
- a maximum viewing angle range of about 100 °. With this range, even those viewer positions can be considered, in which the viewer looks only a few inches from the screen surface on the screen.
- the first type of light-emitting or the second type of light-emitting or opaque background raster elements in this context are generally self-luminous, reflective, transmissive or other pixels or sub-pixels of an LC screen, of OLEDs, of printed image contents, of transmissive image contents SED screens, VFD screens, just to name a few examples of flat screens.
- An opaque background grid may also be a printed dot on a film of any color that is opaque to the light of the wavelength used.
- a light-emitting background raster element of the first or second type can be both active, i. itself light emitting, as well as passive, i. e. Emitting light in the sense that it is transmissive and transmits light coming from behind forward, i.
- the completely translucent elements of the foreground grid allow the light to pass through largely unhindered, ie they are designed to be non-absorbing for light of the wavelengths used.
- scattering and other interfering processes can also lead to a low attenuation of light, which is below 10%, but can never be ruled out technically.
- the light-attenuating foreground grid elements absorb or scatter light or distract it to a greater degree.
- the invention also relates to a method for the reliable display of information on a screen, as described above and in the following, in which light emitted by a background grid with a first type of light emitting and a second type of light emitting or opaque background grid elements and the light strikes a foreground grid with fully translucent and light attenuating foreground grid elements, the foreground grid being at a predetermined distance from the background grid, and being aligned in a predetermined lateral position perpendicular to the distance to the background grid.
- the basic coding can be made either from the foreground grid or from the background grid. It is not necessary to use the entire raster, but it is sufficient to use one section, one section of the background raster and correspondingly one section of the foreground raster, while the rest of the foreground raster and background raster remains uncoded.
- the size of the individual opaque or light-emitting background raster elements of the first type or of the individual light-emitting background raster elements of the second type is preferably the same in each case.
- the result is a uniformly colored surface, which is usually gray if the raster elements are, for example, monochrome subpixels, but can also be monochrome in one of the primary colors or another color, depending on the features
- This basic coding of the at least one background area is then used to define a key in at least one foreground area of the foreground grid corresponding to the at least one background area, that of the inverted distribution of the light-emitting background raster elements of the first type and the light-emitting or opaque background raster elements of the second kind, such that light-attenuating foreground raster elements correspond to light-emitting background raster elements of the first type and completely light-transmissive foreground raster elements correspond to light-emitting or
- the key can also be defined first, i. the stochastic distribution of the translucent and the light-attenuating foreground grid elements of the foreground grid are determined, from the inversion of which the basic coding of the background grid is then formed.
- the background grid is used to display information. This is therefore preferably designed as a first LC panel, the background grid elements are preferably full-color or monochrome pixels or subpixels of a color of the first LC panel. With a control unit, the background grid elements can be controlled and changed in their transparency and / or color. In this way, different information can be displayed one after the other with the same coding.
- An information corresponds to one or more selected areas in the at least one background area or in a plurality of background areas.
- This at least one area which has at least the size of a background grid element, but usually a contiguous area of a plurality of background grid elements, defines the information, for example, by its outer contour, which may correspond to a digit or a letter, for example.
- the coding of the information is accomplished by at least partially inverting the distribution of the first-type light-emitting background raster elements and the second-type light-radiating or opaque background raster elements in this area relative to the basic code.
- this inverted part of the background raster elements thus exhibits the same behavior as the corresponding, upstream foreground raster elements, that is, light-emitting or opaque background raster elements of the second type correspond to the at least attenuating and / or deflecting foreground raster elements and light-emitting background raster elements of the first type to completely light-transmitting foreground raster elements ,
- this selected area defining the information due to the alignment and alignment of the screens and their elements, acts within a narrow viewing angle of preferably less than ⁇ 30 °, covering a total of 60 ° overall, preferably less than ⁇ 15 ° around the viewing direction, brighter than the surrounding, non-selected area or as the non-selected areas where the screen appears dark or almost black or in a different monochrome color.
- the foreground grid viewing viewer perceives the coded information due to a contrast and / or color difference with respect to those areas of the background grid, which are ground-coded, only from a viewing direction or a viewing angle range of a few degrees around their own position. If the distribution of the first type of light-emitting background raster elements and the second type of opaque or light-emitting background raster elements in the information-bearing area is completely inverted, the contrast difference is highest. However, a partial inversion is sufficient if, for example, the contrast differences should not be too high. From the side, that is, outside the viewing angle cone, also the area bearing the information is to be recognized only as indistinct, gray or monochrome area which does not differ in color from the areas which are not selected.
- the foreground grid statically, preferably as an exposed or developed film or as a cured polymer.
- the foreground grid can then be generated for example directly with the help of the background grid by appropriate exposure.
- the basic encoding may vary between two screens for maximum security. In this way, a variety of screens with different basic coding can be produced.
- the foreground grid is formed statically, it is preferably mounted on a transparent foreground substrate for stabilization. For the most compact possible construction, it is advantageous if the foreground substrate is formed by a cover glass of the first LC panel, which forms the background grid, so that in the end both grids are mounted on a carrier substrate.
- the foreground grid is not static, but designed as a second LC panel or as a transparent OLED display (Organic Light Emitting Diode Display).
- the foreground grid elements are then also full-color or monochrome pixels or sub-pixels of a color of the second LC panel.
- the second LC panel is also connected to a drive unit for controlling the foreground grid elements to change their transparency and / or colors, then it is possible to change the basic coding and the key from time to time in order to further increase safety ,
- basic code and key may be at least partially inverted prior to any operation in which at least one area defining information is at least partially inverted in the at least one area defining information, or in predetermined or randomly selected locations.
- the two LC panels regardless of their position - front or back - to use each as a foreground or background grid. It may be advantageous to exchange the mode of action in each case alternately in time as a front or background grid.
- This at least one area in the background area is expediently variably selectable by a control unit, so that such an area appears to the viewer in the corresponding viewing angle range, for example, as a numeral or letter.
- sub-areas are stochastically defined in the at least one area in at least one background area, and inversion occurs only in the sub-areas. By properly selecting the size and spacing of the small area percentages within the area, the resulting contrast ratio becomes controllable as the information is displayed.
- the encoded information may represent a PIN input device, which includes a touch-sensitive display for entering the PIN.
- the unencrypted, freely visible information can then be additional information, such as the time or an indication of what is to be entered, or the definition of other switching elements.
- the screen comprises means for generating a relative movement between the foreground grid and the background grid, or the image contents displayed on at least one of these grids.
- the means for generating a relative movement between the two grids can comprise, for example, a controllable axial servo motor for varying the distance between the background grid and the foreground grid.
- the means for generating the relative movement additionally or alternatively comprise one or two controllable Lateralstellmotoren for relative displacement of the foreground grid against the background grid in a lateral plane parallel to planes in which the foreground grid and the background grid lie.
- the latitudinal adjusting motors are preferably coupled via a control with a tracking device, which detects the viewing direction of the observer.
- This detection of the viewing direction of the observer takes place according to the method according to the invention via the determination of the position of his eyes, which is detected and monitored.
- the foreground grid and background grid become lateral to each other shifted, whereby the viewing direction of the position of the eyes is tracked.
- the coded information is essentially perceptible only from the actual viewing direction of the observer or user, whose eyes the system responds to, or in a viewing angle area around the viewing direction of the observer. In this way, for example, make sure at an ATM that only the user always the encoded information, such as in a PIN input device sees unencrypted, even if he moves his head, while no one else can recognize the pin input field.
- the rasters are preferably not physically shifted from one another, but the at least one selected area in the at least one background area is shifted pixel-by-pixel or sub-pixel-wise.
- the viewing angle range should preferably be restricted to an angle whose diameter in the area of the eyes of the observer is only slightly larger than the distance between the eyes.
- the arrangement of the light-emitting background raster elements of the first type and the light-radiating or opaque background raster elements of the second type is stochastic in the manner of a digital Frequency modulation, that is, the positions of the opaque or light-emitting background raster elements of the second type and the light-emitting background raster elements of the first type are arranged stochastically in the grid, but all raster elements have the same size. It is therefore a stochastic digital frequency modulation (FM), which is also referred to as delay code or Miller code.
- FM stochastic digital frequency modulation
- This digital modulation provides a discrete-time digital bit sequence, for example, when light-emitting or opaque second-order background rasters correspond to the value "zero" and light-emitting background rasters of the first type correspond to the value "one", or vice versa.
- the foreground grid is also an LC panel, then it is digitally frequency-modulated, but with the inverse representation. With such a screen, although optionally white-colored, two-dimensional contents can be displayed, but under the disturbing impression of the then still visible because light-weakening or monochrome, columnar aligned foreground grid elements are affected. At the same time, they also reduce the image brightness of the presentation.
- each individual foreground grid element from a plurality of sub-grid regularly arranged sub-grid elements of different sizes and / or shapes, which is usually the easiest in static, passive To realize filters, which can be produced, for example, photographically. Since the individual sub-raster elements vary in size and / or shape, the sub-raster is not a digitally frequency-modulated pattern but an amplitude-modulated raster (AM raster).
- AM raster amplitude-modulated raster
- the sub-raster elements attenuate the passage of light, for example by diffraction, refraction, partial absorption, reflection or scattering, in particular if they are formed from cured polymers, which preferably form the optical structure of this sub-grid, or if more generally the foreground grid is formed statically.
- the light-attenuating foreground grid elements are composed of sub-grid elements
- the translucent foreground grid elements do not have to be composed of such sub-grid elements, however, if brightness and / or perceivable light-weakening foreground grid elements are concerned Color differences are generated.
- the sub-raster elements should be significantly smaller, at least by a factor of 4 or 5, than the foreground grid elements.
- This amplitude-modulated sub-grid is superimposed on the ground pattern, which is digitally frequency-modulated in the foreground, which defines the basic size of the individual foreground grid elements, so that each light-attenuating - including a deflection of the light, as described above - foreground grid element is formed from a plurality of sub-grid elements becomes.
- the grating on which the background grid and the foreground grid are based and, on the other hand, the grating on which the subgrid is based are preferably not identical.
- the grid structures underlying the background and foreground grid generally each span a grid with two grid axes arranged at right angles to one another, since this is the predominant grid structure in the case of LC panels.
- the grid structure of the sub-grid since this is produced for example by means of a photographic mask and / or by curing of a polymer, one has more freedom.
- a subraster structure on which the subraster is based can also be an affine one Span grids, wherein the angle between the two axes spanning the affine grid deviates from 90 ° and is preferably 60 °.
- the grids of the foreground and the background grid on the one hand and the grid of the sub-grid on the other hand have common grid axes.
- This contributes significantly to the reduction of artifacts: namely, line and angle moire phenomena are avoided, which could disturb the overlay image of the background and foreground grid.
- the structure of the foreground raster elements of the much smaller amplitude modulated raster elements randomly results in other, irregular edges on the digitally frequency-modulated foreground raster elements.
- the sub-raster elements are approximately circular, wherein production-related deviations from the circular shape are possible and are also desirable for avoiding artefacts.
- the sub-raster elements can thus also be irregularly rectangular, triangular-shaped with polygonal and / or in particular also with an irregular outline.
- the sub-raster elements are approximately circular, but formed with an irregular outline. Then can the sub-raster elements also assign a mean diameter, this is preferably 6 ⁇ , but may also be above or below depending on the application.
- the mean diameter of all sub-raster elements is 6 ⁇ together, the diameters of the individual sub-raster elements per se are distributed in a Gaussian distribution with a half-value width of 1 ⁇ corresponding to this mean diameter of 6 ⁇ .
- the half-width can also be larger or smaller, and for example between 0.5 ⁇ and 3 ⁇ lie.
- the average diameter of the sub-raster elements can also be between 5 and 7 ⁇ .
- the distance between each two sub-raster elements to each other along one of the grating axes is in each of the two affine directions preferably between 13 ⁇ and 15 ⁇ , whereby these values may vary depending on the application.
- neither of the two grid axes of the affine grid coincides with one of the two rectangular grid axes of the foreground grid and the background grid, this is particularly effective for avoiding artifacts.
- Fig. 9 is a foreground grid with a subgrid
- Fig. 10 is a collection of dot matrix elements in magnification ßerter representation.
- a screen is described, which is suitable for security-relevant applications, since the sensitive information to be displayed can only be perceived decrypted from a viewing angle range of up to ⁇ 50 ° around a line of sight and otherwise appear encrypted, ie not identifiable.
- the screen is based on the superimposition of two raster images, whereby "image" in this context means that information is displayed there, which, however, need not be directly accessible to the human brain, ie can be encrypted
- This background grid 1 comprises light-emitting background raster elements of a first type and light-emitting or opaque background raster elements of a second type.
- the white boxes correspond to light-emitting background raster elements of the first type 2
- the black boxes correspond to light-emitting or opaque background raster elements of the second type 3, which are here designed for easier understanding as opaque or non-radiating background raster elements, in at least one background region of the background raster ters 1 - which here corresponds to the entire grid shown, but is usually part of a larger screen - are the light-emittingSCHras- terimplantation the first type 2 and here configured as opaque background grid elements background grid elements of the second type 3 stochastic in a ratio of about
- the at least one background area comprises as many light-emitting background raster elements of the first type 2 as light-emitting or background-raster elements of the second type 3, wherein Deviations of up to 5% within tolerance are possible without significantly impairing the desired encryption.
- the light-emitting background grid elements 2 need not be active light emitting, they may also passively light radiating formed, that is, for example, transmissive with a lighting source that illuminates the background grid elements 2, 3, for example, from the back.
- the background grid 1 may be, for example, an LC panel.
- the distribution of the background grid elements is not necessarily static, but can be changed so that a light-emitting background grid element of the first type 2 can be switched to a light-emitting or opaque background grid element of the second type 3, and vice versa. A static distribution is also possible if only the same information is to be displayed.
- a foreground grid 4 which is shown by way of example in FIG. 1 b, is arranged in front of the background grid 1 in the direction of a viewer.
- This comprises completely translucent foreground grid elements 5 and light-attenuating foreground grid elements 6.
- the light-attenuating foreground grid elements 6 are here drawn in black, ie opaque, this is not mandatory, but provides the best contrast. Even a light attenuation of, for example, only 50% compared to the original brightness, which perceives a viewer, is conceivable as a design.
- the light attenuation can be achieved for example by scattering, diffraction, other deflection or partial absorption.
- the completely translucent foreground grid elements 5 also absorb or scatter the light to a minimum, for example caused by impurities or deposits in the transparent material which is used for the foreground grid elements. This unwanted, but unavoidable light attenuation thus has natural causes and affects the light transmittance only insignificantly.
- the foreground grid 4 is arranged at a predetermined distance from the background grid 1 and aligned in a predetermined lateral position perpendicular to the distance on the background grid 1.
- a key is defined therein as an inverted distribution of the light-emitting background grid elements 2 and the opaque background grid elements 3 so that light-attenuating foreground grid elements 6 become background-scanning elements 2 radiating light and completely translucent foreground grid elements 5 opaque to light Background grid elements 3 correspond.
- a stochastic distribution in the ratio of 50:50 of the completely translucent foreground grid elements 5 and the light-attenuating foreground grid elements 6 in the at least one foreground area can also be determined first and this distribution can be used as a key for the coding of the background grid.
- the background area here corresponds to the illustrated background grid 1.
- an area 7, which defines or defines information is selected in the at least one background area.
- This area is outlined by dashed lines in FIGS. 2a-2c and shown here in a square for illustrative purposes.
- such areas 7 have the outlines of numbers, letters or symbols, the information is then the respective number, the letter or the symbol, ie the contours of the selected area ultimately define the information to be displayed.
- the background grid 1 comprises a plurality of such areas 7, which may preferably also vary in time, depending on the information to be displayed.
- the information represents this information is now encoded by the distribution of the light-emitting background grid elements of the first type 2 and the light-emitting or opaque background grid elements of the second type 3 there is at least partially inverted from the basic coding.
- the distribution of the background raster elements in relation to the basic coding is completely or partially inverted.
- FIG. 2b There is in the selected area 7 of the background grid 1, the distribution of the light-emitting background grid elements of the first type 2 and the light-emitting or opaque background grid elements of the second type 3 inverted, while in the non-selected area au ßerraum is not inverted.
- a light-emitting background raster element of the first Type 2 is therefore arranged in the direction of the observer, a completely translucent foreground grid element 5.
- the additive superimposition of the two rasters thus continues to provide the stochastic distribution of the raster elements, which leads to only fifty percent blackening or coloring, whereas the coloring or blackening outside the selected area is complete. The result is thus a recognizable contrast between the at least one selected area 7 and the non-selected environment - but only in the direction of the viewer and not outside the predetermined viewing angle range.
- the distance and the lateral position of the foreground grid 4 with respect to the background grid 1 are coordinated so that a viewer looking at the foreground grid 4 interchanges the coded information - And / or color difference with respect to those areas of the background grid 1, which are only ground-coded, perceives decrypted only from a line of sight or a viewing angle in the range of a few degrees around the line of sight.
- this viewing angle range for example, only slightly larger than the distance of the eyes in the face of the observer, depending on the distance to the screen must be, and preferably is less than ⁇ 30 °, more preferably less than ⁇ 15 ° around the viewing direction, the foreground grid elements 5 and 6 and the background grid elements 2 and 3 are not more congruently on top of each other, so that the defined assignment is lost, and a viewer outside this viewing angle range still only perceives a gray or homogeneously colored surface.
- FIGS. 3a-3c show the same elements as FIGS. 2a-2c with the difference that the selected area 7 is the border area, so that in the superimposition of background grid 1 and foreground grid 4 shown in FIG. 3c the center is blackened or darkened ,
- the at least one area 7 in the background area can be variably selected by a control unit. Contrast and / or color difference can alternatively also be generated vice versa, i. the basic coding can be made on the foreground grid 4.
- the key is formed by the distribution of the light-emitting background raster elements of the first type 2 and by the light-radiating or opaque background raster elements of the second type 3. This embodiment is considered equivalent.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show the construction of a first exemplary screen which has the function of such a security display, ie only a single person whose eyes are located directly in front of this screen (the viewing direction is indicated by the white arrow from the right). and whose eyes are at least almost perpendicular to the screen surface and center to the screen, can see the information becoming visible through the additive superposition of background grid 1 and foreground grid 4.
- a screen may also comprise means for generating a relative movement between foreground grid and background grid, for example a controllable axial movement.
- the Lateralstellmotoren and / or the Axialstellmotor are coupled to a tracking device which detects the line of sight of the viewer. This can be done by determining the position of the eyes of the observer, who is monitored accordingly. When the position of the eyes is changed, foreground grid 4 and background grid 1 are displaced laterally and / or axially relative to one another in such a way that the viewing direction displaced thereby follows the position of the eyes.
- FIGs 4a and 4b the basic structure of such a screen is shown in sections.
- An illumination source 8 illuminates the background grid 1, which is applied here on a background substrate 9.
- the foreground grid 4 which in turn is applied to a foreground substrate 10, is arranged in front of the background grid 1 at a predefined distance.
- the basic coding is determined by the foreground grid 4, and information to be displayed are also set on the foreground grid 4 in selected areas 7, while the background grid 1 forms the key and is formed statically.
- An observer looks from the right onto the foreground substrate 10, as indicated by the thick arrow.
- the observer sees in the viewing direction only a blackened surface, the light which is emitted from the illumination source 8 is blocked in a straight direction to the viewer to either already by the opaque background grid elements 3 or at the latest by the light attenuating foreground grid elements 6, as by the dashed Arrows indicated.
- the light can pass through, as indicated by the solid arrows, but this viewing direction is already outside the defined viewing angle range.
- the viewing angle range can be set using the distance between foreground grid 4 and background grid 1. The closer the two grids are to each other, the larger the viewing angle range.
- FIG. 4b shows the situation which results for a selected area 7 which completely comprises the section of the screen shown here.
- the light is transmitted in the direction of the viewer, ie in a straight direction and, since the distribution of opaque or light-attenuating grid elements to translucent grid elements 50:50 amounts to 50%, except for other losses by reflection, diffraction, deflection or scattering.
- the viewer who is directly in front of the arrangement, perceives the light passing through, but lateral viewing directions are blocked, at least for the selected area.
- the situation shown in FIG. 4a continues to be shown.
- both grids are arranged on a separate substrate, for example, in each case one transparent glass.
- Both rasters can also be mounted on the respective other sides of the substrates, that is to say on the mutually remote sides of background substrate 9 and foreground substrate 10, but this limits the setting possibilities with respect to the distance.
- a thin, transparent raster substrate 1 1 carries the background raster 1 on one side and the foreground raster 4 on the other side.
- the structure is otherwise analogous to the screen shown in FIG.
- the distance between the foreground grid 4 and background grid 1, however, is predetermined by the thickness of the substrate in this embodiment and can not be freely adjusted.
- Another embodiment of a screen is shown in FIG.
- the background grid 1 is designed here as a first LC panel.
- the background raster elements 2 and 3 are either full-color or monochrome pixels or sub-pixels of a color of this first LC panel, different hatching marks different colors.
- the background grid 1 in FIG. 6 is applied to a background substrate 9, which may be, for example, the cover glass of the LC panel.
- the foreground grid 4 is applied to a foreground substrate 10 but at the same time connected to the background substrate 9.
- a transparent material such as glass or plastic - such as a PET film - are used, it is only the fixation and protection of the foreground grid 4 and can be made very thin, the representation in the figures is not to scale.
- the foreground grid 4 may be formed, for example, as an exposed and developed film or as a cured polymer.
- the lateral dimensions of background grid elements 2, 3 and foreground grid elements 5, 6 are of the same order of magnitude.
- the foreground grid 4 is arranged directly in front of the background substrate 9, it can be displaced axially, that is to say along the viewing direction which is indicated by the large arrow.
- a raster substrate 11 can be used, on which both foreground grid 4 and background grid 1 are applied.
- a foreground substrate 10 is not necessary in this case unless it is for protection because the foreground substrate 10 is formed by the cover glass of the LC panel which serves as the background substrate 9 at the same time.
- the foreground grid 4 is configured as a second LC panel or as a transparent OLED display.
- the foreground raster elements 5, 6 are full color or monochrome pixels or subpixels of a color of a second LC panel.
- the distance between the background substrate 9 and the foreground grid 4 can be varied.
- both LC panels are identical. This embodiment offers the great advantage that the foreground grid 4 can be switched on and off as required, on the one hand to ensure an undisturbed viewing of all accessible content on the other hand, as well as the protected representation of confidential information for only a single viewer.
- the foreground grid elements 5, 6 can be controlled in this embodiment to change their transparency and / or color by the driving unit, which is not shown here, but can be realized by means of conventional processors, comparable to the background grid elements. Also, the reverse way, that the background grid elements are static and the foreground grid elements in their state by driving variable, is possible. With an appropriate design of the control, it is then possible to display normal contents in the form of colorful pictures or picture sequences on such a screen as far as possible undisturbed.
- the use of a second LC panel further enhances security, as it allows the basic code and key to be at least partially distributed before each operation, in which at least one area distributes light-emitting background screen elements 2 and opaque background screen elements 3 to be redefined.
- Key and basic coding can also be defined in predefined or randomly selected intervals, ie after a certain number of operations.
- subchannels may be stochastically defined in the at least one selected region 7 in the at least one background region, the inversion then taking place only in these subregions.
- FIG. 8a a background grid 1 with background-raster elements of the first type 2 and light-emitting or opaque background raster elements of the second type 3 is shown, wherein the light-radiating or opaque background raster elements of the second type 3 are here in the opaque Alternative are designed.
- FIG. 8b shows the foreground grid 4 with the completely translucent foreground grid elements 5 and the light-attenuating foreground grid elements 6.
- This foreground grid 4 represents the key for the coding of the background grid 1. It can be formed statically or switched with the aid of an LC panel.
- FIG. 8c again shows the background grid 1.
- a selected area 7 representing information is shown.
- the selected region 7 is here approximately elliptical and marked by a thick, dashed line.
- this selected area 7 stochastisch sub-areas are now determined, in which an inversion is to take place.
- Figure 8d where some areas of background raster elements are bordered by dashed, straight lines. Only within these stochastically selected subregions does an inversion, i. a switch between light emitting background grid elements of the first type 2 and light emitting or opaque background grid elements of the second type 3. This is shown in Figure 8e.
- FIG. 8f shows the superimposition of the background raster shown in FIG.
- each individual light-attenuating foreground grid element 6 is composed of a plurality of sub-grid elements 13 of different sizes and / or shapes arranged regularly in a sub-grid. This is shown in FIG.
- a sub-grid structure underlying the sub-grid spans an affine grid, as indicated by the two drawn arrows, on each of which a number of sub-grid elements 13 are arranged.
- the angle between the two that The axes spanning the affine grid preferably deviates from 90 °, since it is an affine grid, and is particularly preferably 60 °. Neither of the two grid axes of the affine grid coincides with one of the rectangular grid axes of the foreground grid 4 and the background grid 1, respectively.
- the sub-raster elements 13 are approximately circular in shape, but deviate more or less in detail from this circular shape, as shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows a section of a light-attenuating foreground grid element 6 in high magnification, so that the sub-grid elements 13 are clearly visible.
- the coordinate axes of the foreground grid 4 are shown in dashed lines, those of the affine grid spanning the sub-grid are drawn with solid arrows.
- the mean diameter d of all sub-raster elements is about 6 ⁇ .
- the average diameters of the approximately circular sub-raster elements 13 are correspondingly distributed in accordance with a Gaussian distribution having a half-width of approximately 1 to 3 ⁇ .
- the grating period of the sub-raster elements 13 is in each of the two affine directions between 13 ⁇ and 15 ⁇ .
- the sub-raster elements 5 can be applied to a foreground substrate 10, which is designed as a photographic film and is exposed by a corresponding mask structure.
- a foreground substrate 10 is designed as a photographic film and is exposed by a corresponding mask structure.
- Another possibility is to coat the foreground substrate 10 with a UV-curable adhesive layer, to carry out exposure to UV light only in areas of the sub-raster elements 13, for example with a corresponding mask structure, and to wash out the uncured areas.
- the light-attenuating sub-raster elements 13 can then be designed as hump-like or as a sink-like structures.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102013007948 | 2013-04-30 | ||
PCT/EP2014/056804 WO2014177342A1 (de) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-04-04 | Bildschirm und verfahren zur sicheren darstellung von informationen |
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EP (1) | EP2992526A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE202014011385U1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI571843B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014177342A1 (de) |
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US9928371B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2018-03-27 | Papal, Inc. | Systems and methods for protecting information displayed on a user interface of a device |
DE102014018227A1 (de) | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-09 | Sioptica Gmbh | Anordnung und Verfahren zur sicheren Darstellung von Informationen |
US9886598B2 (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2018-02-06 | Paypal, Inc. | Automatic adjustment of a display to obscure data |
DE102015000556A1 (de) | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-21 | Sioptica Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Eingabe von lnformationen durch einen Nutzer in eine Touch-Eingabe-Einheit |
DE102015008043A1 (de) | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-08 | Sioptica Gmbh | Verfahren zum Überprüfen optischer Eigenschaften eines Substrates |
DE102015011933B3 (de) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-02-02 | Sioptica Gmbh | Verfahren und Verwendung eines Bildschirms zur sicheren Darstellung von Information |
US9928372B2 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-03-27 | Paypal, Inc. | Selective screen privacy |
CN105280111B (zh) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | 透明显示器 |
EP3636478B1 (de) | 2018-10-08 | 2021-01-13 | Audi Ag | Anzeigevorrichtung und fahrzeug mit der anzeigevorrichtung |
WO2024073769A1 (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Screen Skinz, Inc. | A privacy screen protector having an image and a method of making thereof |
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WO1995035515A2 (en) | 1994-06-21 | 1995-12-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | A composite used for light control or privacy |
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JP2005134678A (ja) | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-26 | Sharp Corp | 液晶構造体 |
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- 2014-04-04 WO PCT/EP2014/056804 patent/WO2014177342A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-04-04 EP EP14715020.5A patent/EP2992526A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-04 DE DE202014011385.8U patent/DE202014011385U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-04-29 TW TW103115309A patent/TWI571843B/zh active
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US20160071448A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
US9898951B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
TWI571843B (zh) | 2017-02-21 |
WO2014177342A1 (de) | 2014-11-06 |
DE202014011385U1 (de) | 2019-12-12 |
TW201506878A (zh) | 2015-02-16 |
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