EP2981691A1 - Oil sump and oil sump arrangement - Google Patents

Oil sump and oil sump arrangement

Info

Publication number
EP2981691A1
EP2981691A1 EP14715035.3A EP14715035A EP2981691A1 EP 2981691 A1 EP2981691 A1 EP 2981691A1 EP 14715035 A EP14715035 A EP 14715035A EP 2981691 A1 EP2981691 A1 EP 2981691A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil sump
partition wall
thickness
oil
weld
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14715035.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2981691B1 (en
Inventor
Federico BRIGHI
Odorico Contento
Massimo CATTARINUSSI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Wartsila Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila Finland Oy filed Critical Wartsila Finland Oy
Publication of EP2981691A1 publication Critical patent/EP2981691A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2981691B1 publication Critical patent/EP2981691B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0037—Oilsumps with different oil compartments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0037—Oilsumps with different oil compartments
    • F01M2011/0041—Oilsumps with different oil compartments for accommodating movement or position of engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oil sump for a piston engine in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 .
  • the invention also concerns an oil sump ar- rangement according to the preamble of the other independent claim.
  • Oil sumps of internal combustion engines can be either wet sumps or dry sumps.
  • the main function of a wet sump is to be an oil reservoir for the engine.
  • dry sump designs the engine is provided with a separate oil reservoir, into which the oil is introduced from the oil sump.
  • the oil sump is in many engines an important part of the whole engine structure. Cracks and other problems in the oil sump are very difficult to detect while the engine is in use, and therefore the design must be robust.
  • oil sumps are attached to the engine blocks by means of support beams, which are arranged on the upper surfaces of the side walls of the oil sumps.
  • the support beams are welded together with transversal partition walls, which divide the oil sump into compartments.
  • the weld seams between the partition walls and the support beams are subjected to very high fatigue stress, which is mainly a result of the vibrations and displacements of the engine block. Therefore, a very high quality of the weld seams is required. Also some additional treatment of the weld seams may be needed in order to ensure sufficient resistance against failures. All this increases the costs of the construction.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved oil sump for a piston engine.
  • the characterizing features of the oil sump according to the inven- tion are given in the characterizing part of claim 1 .
  • Characterizing features of the oil sump arrangement are given in the characterizing part of the other independent claim.
  • An oil sump according to the invention comprises a bottom plate, side walls and end walls encircling the bottom plate, and at least one partition wall, which partition wall is arranged between the side walls of the oil sump for dividing the oil sump into compartments. Both ends of the partition wall are provided with a curvilinear cutting opening towards the longitudinal center line of the oil sump.
  • An oil sump arrangement comprises an oil sump defined above.
  • the arrangement is provided on both sides of the oil sump with a support beam for fastening the oil sump to an engine block, which support beam is arranged above the partition wall and fastened to the partition wall by a weld.
  • each end of the partition wall is provided with a protrusion extending away from the bottom plate, and the cut- tings are arranged in the protrusions.
  • at least part of the cutting is a segment or a sector of a circle, of which radius is 1 .5-2.5 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • the radius is 1 .8-2.2 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • the height of the weld in the oil sump arrangement is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • the height of the weld is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • the support beam extends over the weld towards the center line of the oil sump a distance, which is 0.5- 1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • the distance is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall.
  • Fig. 1 shows an oil sump according to the invention in connection with an en- gine block
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the oil sump of figure 1
  • Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of a detail of the oil sump
  • Fig. 4 shows dimensioning of the detail of figure 3.
  • an oil sump 1 according to an embodiment of the invention in connection with the engine block 1 1 of an internal combustion engine 10.
  • the engine 10 is a large piston engine, which could be used, for instance, as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or at a power plant for producing electrici- ty.
  • the cylinders 12 of the engine 10 are arranged in a V-configu ration, but also other cylinder configurations could be used.
  • the oil sump 1 is a wet sump 1 .
  • the crankcase 13 of the engine 10 is used as a reservoir for oil.
  • the invention is also applicable to dry sump constructions, in which external oil reservoirs are used.
  • FIG 2 is shown a cross-sectional view of the oil sump 1 of figure 1 .
  • the oil sump 1 is a trough-shaped part, which can accommodate a relatively large amount of oil.
  • the oil sump 1 comprises a bottom plate 2, which is encircled by a first and a second side wall 3a, 3b and a first and a second end wall 4a, 4b.
  • the bottom plate 2 comprises a straight middle section 2a and inclined side sections 2b, 2c.
  • the side sections 2b, 2c are further divided into two sections so that the outer of the two sections is inclined more than the inner section in relation to the horizontal plane.
  • the bottom plate 2 is thus bent and rises towards the sides of the oil sump 1 , which helps to col- lect the oil towards the middle of the oil sump 1 .
  • the bottom plate 2 can be made of one or several pieces.
  • the side walls 3a, 3b are integrated into the same part as the bottom plate 2 or part of it.
  • the side walls 3a, 3b are inclined slightly outwards. However, they could also be straight, i.e. at right angle relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the oil sump 1 is provided with partition walls 5, which divide the oil sump 1 into compartments 7.
  • Each partition wall 5 extends from the first side wall 3a to the second side wall 3b.
  • the height of the partition wall 5 increases slightly towards the sides of the oil sump 1 .
  • the upper edges of the partition walls 5 are inclined in relation to the horizontal plane.
  • the sidewall ends of the partition walls 5 are further provided with protrusions 5b, which extend away from the horizontal plane. The protrusions 5b thus increase the height of the partition wall 5 at the ends at the partition wall 5.
  • the partition walls 5 are provided with openings 9 for allowing oil flow between compartments 7 and for accommodating pipes that are arranged in the oil sump 1 for different purposes.
  • the partition wall 5 can be made of a single piece of material, or it can be composed of several parts.
  • the partition walls 5 could also be integral parts of an oil sump casting.
  • the oil sump 1 is fastened to the engine block 1 1 by means of support beams 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, which are arranged between the oil sump 1 and the engine block 1 1 .
  • Each end and side of the engine 10 is provided with a support beam 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d.
  • the support beams 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d are fastened to the oil sump 1 by welding.
  • welds 12 are arranged between the support beams 6a, 6b and the protrusions 5b of the partition walls 5.
  • each partition wall 5 is provided with a curvilinear cutting 5a at both ends of the partition wall 5.
  • the cutting 5a is arranged in the protrusion 5b and opens towards the longitudinal center line 8 of the oil sump 1 .
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the cutting 5a.
  • the cutting 5a is a segment of a circle.
  • the radius R of the circle is 1 .5-2.5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5, preferably approximately two times, for instance 1 .8-2.2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5.
  • the distance of the bottom i.e.
  • the outermost part of the cutting 5a is at least 1 .5 times the radius R of the circle from the end of the partition wall 5.
  • the width of the support beam 6a is greater than the width of the protrusion 5b of the partition wall 5 and the length of the weld 12 between the support beam 6a and the partition wall 5.
  • the length of the weld 12 is approximately the same as the width of the protrusion 5b.
  • the support beam 6a extends a distance X over the inner edge of the protrusion 5b.
  • the weld 12 extends to the same dis- tance X from the inner edge of the support beam 6a.
  • the distance X is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5.
  • the distance X is approximately the same as thickness of the partition wall 5, for instance 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5.
  • the height H of the weld 12 is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5.
  • the height H is approxi- mately the same as thickness of the partition wall 5, for instance 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The oil sump (1) for a piston engine (10) comprises a bottom plate (2), side walls (3a, 3b) and end walls (4a, 4b) encircling the bottom plate (2), and at least one partition wall (5), which arranged between the side walls (3a, 3b) for dividing the oil sump (1) into compartments (7). Both ends of the partition wall (5) are provided with a curvilinear cutting (5a) opening towards the longitudinal center line (8) of the oil sump (1). The invention also concerns an oil sump arrangement.

Description

Oil sump and oil sump arrangement Technical field of the invention
The present invention relates to an oil sump for a piston engine in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 . The invention also concerns an oil sump ar- rangement according to the preamble of the other independent claim.
Background of the invention
Oil sumps of internal combustion engines can be either wet sumps or dry sumps. The main function of a wet sump is to be an oil reservoir for the engine. In dry sump designs, the engine is provided with a separate oil reservoir, into which the oil is introduced from the oil sump. In addition to the main function of the oil sump as an oil collector and reservoir, the oil sump is in many engines an important part of the whole engine structure. Cracks and other problems in the oil sump are very difficult to detect while the engine is in use, and therefore the design must be robust. In many large internal combustion engines, such as in ship or power plant engines, oil sumps are attached to the engine blocks by means of support beams, which are arranged on the upper surfaces of the side walls of the oil sumps. On the sides of the oil sumps, the support beams are welded together with transversal partition walls, which divide the oil sump into compartments. The weld seams between the partition walls and the support beams are subjected to very high fatigue stress, which is mainly a result of the vibrations and displacements of the engine block. Therefore, a very high quality of the weld seams is required. Also some additional treatment of the weld seams may be needed in order to ensure sufficient resistance against failures. All this increases the costs of the construction.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved oil sump for a piston engine. The characterizing features of the oil sump according to the inven- tion are given in the characterizing part of claim 1 . Characterizing features of the oil sump arrangement are given in the characterizing part of the other independent claim.
An oil sump according to the invention comprises a bottom plate, side walls and end walls encircling the bottom plate, and at least one partition wall, which partition wall is arranged between the side walls of the oil sump for dividing the oil sump into compartments. Both ends of the partition wall are provided with a curvilinear cutting opening towards the longitudinal center line of the oil sump.
An oil sump arrangement according to the invention comprises an oil sump defined above. The arrangement is provided on both sides of the oil sump with a support beam for fastening the oil sump to an engine block, which support beam is arranged above the partition wall and fastened to the partition wall by a weld.
Because of the curvilinear cuttings of the partition walls, stresses in the welds that are used for fastening the oil sump to the engine block can be reduced. Lower quality of the welds is thus required and no additional treatments are needed for increasing the strength of the welds. This helps to reduce manufacturing costs.
According to an embodiment of the invention, each end of the partition wall is provided with a protrusion extending away from the bottom plate, and the cut- tings are arranged in the protrusions. According to another embodiment of the invention, at least part of the cutting is a segment or a sector of a circle, of which radius is 1 .5-2.5 times the thickness of the partition wall. Preferably the radius is 1 .8-2.2 times the thickness of the partition wall.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the height of the weld in the oil sump arrangement is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall. Preferably, the height of the weld is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall. According to another embodiment of the invention, the support beam extends over the weld towards the center line of the oil sump a distance, which is 0.5- 1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall. Preferably the distance is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall. Brief description of the drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows an oil sump according to the invention in connection with an en- gine block,
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the oil sump of figure 1 , Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of a detail of the oil sump, and Fig. 4 shows dimensioning of the detail of figure 3.
Description of embodiments of the invention
In figure 1 is shown an oil sump 1 according to an embodiment of the invention in connection with the engine block 1 1 of an internal combustion engine 10. The engine 10 is a large piston engine, which could be used, for instance, as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or at a power plant for producing electrici- ty. In the example of the figures, the cylinders 12 of the engine 10 are arranged in a V-configu ration, but also other cylinder configurations could be used. In the embodiment of the figures, the oil sump 1 is a wet sump 1 . In a wet sump design, the crankcase 13 of the engine 10 is used as a reservoir for oil. However, the invention is also applicable to dry sump constructions, in which external oil reservoirs are used.
In figure 2 is shown a cross-sectional view of the oil sump 1 of figure 1 . The oil sump 1 is a trough-shaped part, which can accommodate a relatively large amount of oil. The oil sump 1 comprises a bottom plate 2, which is encircled by a first and a second side wall 3a, 3b and a first and a second end wall 4a, 4b. In the embodiment of the figures, the bottom plate 2 comprises a straight middle section 2a and inclined side sections 2b, 2c. The side sections 2b, 2c are further divided into two sections so that the outer of the two sections is inclined more than the inner section in relation to the horizontal plane. The bottom plate 2 is thus bent and rises towards the sides of the oil sump 1 , which helps to col- lect the oil towards the middle of the oil sump 1 . The bottom plate 2 can be made of one or several pieces. It is also possible that the side walls 3a, 3b are integrated into the same part as the bottom plate 2 or part of it. In the embodiment of the figures, the side walls 3a, 3b are inclined slightly outwards. However, they could also be straight, i.e. at right angle relative to the horizontal plane. For restricting oil flow inside the oil sump 1 in the longitudinal direction of the oil sump 1 , the oil sump 1 is provided with partition walls 5, which divide the oil sump 1 into compartments 7. Each partition wall 5 extends from the first side wall 3a to the second side wall 3b. The height of the partition wall 5 increases slightly towards the sides of the oil sump 1 . Because of the varying height of the partition walls 5 and the inclined side sections 2b, 2c of the bot- tom plate 2, the upper edges of the partition walls 5 are inclined in relation to the horizontal plane. The sidewall ends of the partition walls 5 are further provided with protrusions 5b, which extend away from the horizontal plane. The protrusions 5b thus increase the height of the partition wall 5 at the ends at the partition wall 5. The partition walls 5 are provided with openings 9 for allowing oil flow between compartments 7 and for accommodating pipes that are arranged in the oil sump 1 for different purposes. The partition wall 5 can be made of a single piece of material, or it can be composed of several parts. The partition walls 5 could also be integral parts of an oil sump casting.
The oil sump 1 is fastened to the engine block 1 1 by means of support beams 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, which are arranged between the oil sump 1 and the engine block 1 1 . Each end and side of the engine 10 is provided with a support beam 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d. The support beams 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d are fastened to the oil sump 1 by welding. On the sides of the oil sump 1 , welds 12 are arranged between the support beams 6a, 6b and the protrusions 5b of the partition walls 5. To decrease the stress, which is caused by vibrations and engine block displacements acting on the welds 12 between each partition wall 5 and the support beam 6a, 6b, each partition wall 5 is provided with a curvilinear cutting 5a at both ends of the partition wall 5. The cutting 5a is arranged in the protrusion 5b and opens towards the longitudinal center line 8 of the oil sump 1 . Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the cutting 5a. The cutting 5a is a segment of a circle. The radius R of the circle is 1 .5-2.5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5, preferably approximately two times, for instance 1 .8-2.2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5. Preferably the distance of the bottom, i.e. the outermost part of the cutting 5a, is at least 1 .5 times the radius R of the circle from the end of the partition wall 5. As can be seen in figure 4, the width of the support beam 6a is greater than the width of the protrusion 5b of the partition wall 5 and the length of the weld 12 between the support beam 6a and the partition wall 5. The length of the weld 12 is approximately the same as the width of the protrusion 5b. The support beam 6a extends a distance X over the inner edge of the protrusion 5b. Correspondingly, the weld 12 extends to the same dis- tance X from the inner edge of the support beam 6a. The distance X is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5. Preferably the distance X is approximately the same as thickness of the partition wall 5, for instance 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5. The height H of the weld 12 is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall 5. Preferably the height H is approxi- mately the same as thickness of the partition wall 5, for instance 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall 5. The design of the partition wall 5 and the construction of the oil sump assembly help to reduce the stress of the weld seam. Because of this, the required quality of the welds 12 is lower than in prior art constructions, and the welding can be carried out by a less skilled weld- er. In addition, costly additional treatments for increasing the strength of the welds 12 are not needed.
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

Claims
1 . An oil sump (1 ) for a piston engine (10), which oil sump (1 ) comprises a bottom plate (2), side walls (3a, 3b) and end walls (4a, 4b) encircling the bottom plate (2), and at least one partition wall (5), which partition wall (5) is ar- ranged between the side walls (3a, 3b) of the oil sump (1 ) for dividing the oil sump (1 ) into compartments (7), characterized in that both ends of the partition wall (5) are provided with a curvilinear cutting (5a) opening towards the longitudinal center line (8) of the oil sump (1 ).
2. An oil sump (1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in each end of the partition wall (5) is provided with a protrusion (5b) extending away from the bottom plate (2), and that the cuttings (5a) are arranged in the protrusions (5b).
3. An oil sump (1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least part of the cutting (5a) is a segment or a sector of a circle, of which radius (R) is 1 .5-2.5 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
4. An oil sump (1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the radius (R) is 1 .8-2.2 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
5. An oil sump arrangement comprising an oil sump (1 ) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement is provided on both sides of the oil sump (1 ) with a support beam (6a, 6b) for fastening the oil sump (1 ) to an engine block (1 1 ), which support beam (6a, 6b) is arranged above the partition wall (5) and fastened to the partition wall (5) by a weld (12).
6. An oil sump arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the height of the weld (12) is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
7. An oil sump arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the height of the weld (12) is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
8. An oil sump arrangement according to any of claims 5-7, characterized in that the support beam (6a, 6b) extends over the weld (12) towards the center line (8) of the oil sump (1 ) a distance (X), which is 0.5-1 .5 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
9. An oil sump arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the distance (X) is 0.8-1 .2 times the thickness of the partition wall (5).
EP14715035.3A 2013-04-05 2014-03-13 Oil sump and oil sump arrangement Active EP2981691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20135329A FI126116B (en) 2013-04-05 2013-04-05 Oil sump and oil sump arrangement
PCT/FI2014/050183 WO2014162047A1 (en) 2013-04-05 2014-03-13 Oil sump and oil sump arrangement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2981691A1 true EP2981691A1 (en) 2016-02-10
EP2981691B1 EP2981691B1 (en) 2018-05-02

Family

ID=50434217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14715035.3A Active EP2981691B1 (en) 2013-04-05 2014-03-13 Oil sump and oil sump arrangement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2981691B1 (en)
KR (1) KR102134499B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105378239B (en)
FI (1) FI126116B (en)
WO (1) WO2014162047A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4033076A1 (en) 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 Liebherr-Components Colmar SAS Sealing arrangement
EP4033075A1 (en) 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 Liebherr-Components Colmar SAS Oil pan assembly

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6021514U (en) * 1983-07-21 1985-02-14 防衛庁技術研究本部長 Oil pan
JPS6216711U (en) * 1985-07-16 1987-01-31
JP4288719B2 (en) * 1998-06-19 2009-07-01 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Molded body having a flange portion
JP2002349226A (en) * 2001-05-25 2002-12-04 Isuzu Motors Ltd Oil pan and its manufacturing method
JP2005178447A (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-07-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Hull structure
JP4438624B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2010-03-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Oil pan structure
US8069834B2 (en) * 2008-08-08 2011-12-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Engine oil level management system and method of assembling engines in vehicles
JP5281910B2 (en) * 2009-01-27 2013-09-04 ダイキョーニシカワ株式会社 Oil pan

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2014162047A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105378239A (en) 2016-03-02
KR20150140731A (en) 2015-12-16
FI126116B (en) 2016-06-30
WO2014162047A1 (en) 2014-10-09
KR102134499B1 (en) 2020-07-16
EP2981691B1 (en) 2018-05-02
FI20135329A (en) 2014-10-06
CN105378239B (en) 2018-01-30

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