EP2979281B1 - Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische isolation verbessernden schicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische isolation verbessernden schicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2979281B1 EP2979281B1 EP14721254.2A EP14721254A EP2979281B1 EP 2979281 B1 EP2979281 B1 EP 2979281B1 EP 14721254 A EP14721254 A EP 14721254A EP 2979281 B1 EP2979281 B1 EP 2979281B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- steel sheet
- tantalum
- titanium
- oxide
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- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
- H01F1/18—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/60—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical sheet with an electrical insulation improving layer.
- Such electrical sheets are used according to the prior art, for example in electric drives in the construction of stators.
- the materials used are regulated by the standard EN 10106 (1995).
- the materials mentioned in this standard provide a wide range of products to meet the needs of different applications.
- the usable materials range from low-alloyed steel with excellent magnetic permeability, good thermal conductivity and punchability to higher-alloyed steels with very low core losses even at higher frequencies.
- the base of the alloy is iron.
- Coatings for electrical sheets can be taken from the standard EN 10342 (from 2005).
- aluminum layers on ferroalloy components may be used to reduce the nitrogen content in the component.
- an intermediate layer of aluminum nitride is formed between the aluminum layer and the component, which also acts as a diffusion barrier layer, so that aluminum can not diffuse into the component.
- aluminum it is also possible to use other metals which are capable of forming nitrides with nitrogen. Examples of such metals include titanium and tantalum.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical sheet which is also suitable for use under severe corrosive conditions.
- the layer of a metal oxide containing mainly titanium oxide or tantalum oxide, and that the electrical steel has a diffusion zone in which the metal of the metal oxide is diffused into the material of the electric sheet and the the layer adjoins. Due to the fact that the oxide layer adjoins a diffusion layer, the adhesion of the oxide layer is advantageously greatly improved.
- the use of metals, titanium or tantalum causes the spontaneously forming on the surface of the electrical sheet oxide layer is very resistant to corrosive media. This also makes use under extreme corrosive conditions such. B. sour gas possible. For example, motor pumps can be operated, which are used for the promotion of natural gas in the subsea area.
- the oxide layer can also be produced by an electrochemical treatment of the surface (more on this in the following).
- the diffusion zone following the oxide layer has two advantages. On the one hand, the diffusion zone improves the adhesion of the oxide layer, since the transition between the oxide layer and the matrix material of the electrical steel, a steel alloy, takes place continuously, which reduces the formation of stresses. In addition, it is advantageously possible that in case of damage to the oxide layer, the material contained in the diffusion layer of titanium or tantalum can be used to passivate the damaged area. For this purpose, the metal in question diffuses to the surface, where a renewed passivation takes place. The corrosion protection is thereby advantageously retained.
- the layer has a thickness of at least 5 and at most 10 microns. These are layer thicknesses of the oxide layer, which allow effective corrosion protection and in their production due to the small thickness advantageously require low production costs and low material usage.
- the diffusion zone within a distance of 2 microns from the interface to the layer has a content of titanium or tantalum of more than 50% by weight.
- These are alloy contents which advantageously permit diffusion-induced transport of titanium or tantalum to damaged areas (as already described).
- contents of up to 100% of titanium or tantalum can also occur directly below the oxide layer.
- the invention relates to a method for treating an electric sheet, in which the electrical sheet is coated with an electrical insulation improving layer.
- the prior art has already been discussed. The task which results from this is to specify a method with which the treatment of electrical steel sheets is possible and which produces products which ensure sufficient corrosion protection even under strongly corrosive influences.
- a diffusion zone is produced on the surface of the electric sheet, wherein as a metal tantalum or titanium diffused into the surface, wherein the first step as a PVD process in an inert gas atmosphere a subsequent heat treatment is performed.
- the metal, tantalum or titanium on the surface is converted into the associated metal oxide, titanium oxide or tantalum oxide, wherein a layer of the metal oxide is formed and remains in the diffusion zone, a residual content of the metal of the metal oxide.
- the residual content remains on the metal of the metal oxide, whereby, as already explained, the adhesion of the oxide layer is improved.
- a depot is formed by the diffusion zone on the corresponding material, which is available in case of injuries of the oxide layer to heal the injury by spontaneous passivation.
- PVD processes are advantageously easy to handle.
- Both titanium and tantalum can be deposited on steel by using suitable target materials.
- titanium is deposited in multiple ways by PVD processes to make tool coatings, usually in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere, to produce titanium nitride. If instead an inert gas atmosphere is selected, pure titanium is deposited. Tantalum can also be easily deposited on steel.
- Such a method is for example in the EP 77 535 A1 described.
- the deposition of titanium for example, by spraying or powder coating done, such as the Derwent Abstract with the Accession Number 1978-43006 A (corresponding to JP 53-50019 A ) can be seen.
- the powder processes are also referred to as packing processes, in which case the diffusion layers are formed by diffusing the tantalum into the workpiece.
- the diffusion layer thus arises immediately, whereas in PVD processes after the coating process, a heat treatment has to take place, which leads to an inward diffusion of the tantalum or titanium into the matrix of the electrical sheet.
- Parameters for such diffusion treatments are well known and can be found, for example, in the Derwent Abstract with the Accession Number 1984-104398 (corresponding to US Pat JP 59-47371 A ) remove.
- electrochemical coatings for example in a salt bath, are also conceivable in principle, or else coating by means of CVD.
- the diffusion zone before the formation of the layer within a distance of 5 microns from the interface to the layer has a content of titanium or tantalum of more than 50% by weight. It goes without saying that the diffusion zone must have a larger area with a high titanium or tantalum concentration before the formation of the layer, since a portion of the previously formed diffusion layer is converted into the oxide layer by oxidation of the titanium or tantalum. In order to still have enough material for a repair of the oxide layer in the matrix of the electrical steel available after this oxidation process, therefore, the proportion of titanium or tantalum must be sufficiently high.
- FIGURE shows an embodiment of the electric sheet metal according to the invention in cross section.
- an electric sheet 11 the top 12 and bottom 13 is provided in each case with a layer 14 of tantalum oxide.
- This layer 14 is followed by a diffusion zone 15, which has a common interface 16 with the layer 12 of tantalum oxide. Behind the interface, the concentration of tantalum in the diffusion zone is well over 50%. This falls to the interior of the electric sheet 11 continues until the concentration is 0% by weight. In itself, therefore, a boundary between the actual electrical sheet 11 and the diffusion zone 15 can not really represent.
- the figure shows the region in which the concentration of tantalum in the microstructure of the electrical sheet 11 is more than 50%.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische Isolation verbessernden Schicht.
- Solche Elektrobleche werden gemäß dem Stand der Technik zum Beispiel bei elektrischen Antrieben beim Aufbau von Statoren verwendet. Die verwendeten Werkstoffe sind durch die Norm EN 10106 (von 1995) reglementiert. Die in dieser Norm genannten Werkstoffe ergeben ein weit gefächertes Produktsortiment, damit die Ansprüche unterschiedlicher Anwendungen befriedigt werden können. Die einsetzbaren Werkstoffe reichen von niedrig legiertem Stahl mit ausgezeichneter magnetischer Permeabilität, guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Stanzbarkeit bis hin zu höher legierten Stählen mit sehr geringen Ummagnetisierungsverlusten auch bei höheren Frequenzen. Die Legierungen der Norm enthalten als Legierungsbestandteile Kupfer (<= 0,02 %) Mangan (<= 1,2 %), Silizium (0,1 - 4,4 %), Aluminium (0,1 - 4,4 %), wobei die aus dem Siliziumgehalt und dem Doppelten des Aluminiumgehaltes gebildete Summe < 5 % ist, Phosphor (<= 0,15 %), Zinn (<= 0,2 %) und Antimon (<= 0,2 %). Die Basis der Legierung bildet Eisen.
- Zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften der Elektrobleche wurden Beschichtungen entwickelt, welche die Isolation zwischen den einzelnen Blechlagen und die Bearbeitbarkeit verbessern. Die spezifischen Eigenschaften des verwendeten Materials müssen Einflussgrößen wie Korrosionsschutz, elektrische Isolation, Einfluss auf die Stanzbarkeit, Hitzebeständigkeit oder Schweißbarkeit berücksichtigen. Beschichtungen für Elektrobleche lassen sich der Norm EN 10342 (von 2005) entnehmen.
- Die in den oben genannten Normen verfügbaren Elektrobleche und deren Beschichtungen sind, wie sich gezeigt hat, jedoch nicht allen Einsatzbereichen gewachsen. Insbesondere, wenn die Elektrobleche stark korrosiven Medien wie z. B. Sauergas (hoher Schwefelwasserstoffgehalt) ausgesetzt werden, sind diese Elektrobleche stark korrosionsgefährdet.
- Gemäß der
GB 852,265 A - Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher darin, ein Elektroblech anzugeben, welches auch für den Einsatz unter starken korrosiven Bedingungen geeignet ist.
- Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem eingangs angegebenen Elektroblech erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Schicht aus einem Metalloxid, enthaltend hauptsächlich Titanoxid oder Tantaloxid, besteht und dass das Elektroblech eine Diffusionszone aufweist, in die das Metall des Metalloxids in den Werkstoff des Elektrobleches eindiffundiert ist und die an die Schicht angrenzt. Dadurch, dass die Oxidschicht an eine Diffusionsschicht angrenzt, wird vorteilhaft die Haftung der Oxidschicht stark verbessert. Die Verwendung der Metalle, Titan oder Tantal führt dazu, dass die spontan an der Oberfläche des Elektroblechs ausbildende Oxidschicht sehr beständig gegen korrosive Medien ist. Dadurch wird auch ein Einsatz unter extremen korrosiven Bedingungen wie z. B. Sauergas möglich. Es können beispielsweise Motorpumpen betrieben werden, welche für die Förderung von Erdgas im Unterseebereich verwendet werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine neue Anwendung der Elektrobleche, die einen Einsatz der elektrischen Maschinen unter vorteilhaft günstigen Wartungsbedingungen erlauben. Falls die sich spontan an Luftsauerstoff ausbildenden Oxidschichten zum wirksamen Korrosionsschutz nicht ausreichen, kann die Oxidschicht auch durch eine elektrochemische Behandlung der Oberfläche hergestellt werden (hierzu im Folgenden mehr).
- Die sich an die Oxidschicht anschließende Diffusionszone hat zwei Vorteile. Zum einen verbessert die Diffusionszone die Haftung der Oxidschicht, da sich der Übergang zwischen der Oxidschicht und dem Matrixmaterial des Elektroblechs, einer Stahllegierung, kontinuierlich vollzieht, was die Ausbildung von Spannungen vermindert. Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft möglich, dass im Falle von Verletzungen der Oxidschicht das in der Diffusionsschicht befindliche Material an Titan oder Tantal zur Passivierung der Schadstelle herangezogen werden kann. Hierzu diffundiert das betreffende Metall an die Oberfläche, wo eine erneute Passivierung stattfindet. Der Korrosionsschutz bleibt dadurch vorteilhaft erhalten.
- Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Schicht eine Dicke von mindestens 5 und höchstens 10 µm aufweist. Hierbei handelt es sich um Schichtdicken der Oxidschicht, die einen wirksamen Korrosionsschutz ermöglichen und in ihrer Herstellung aufgrund der geringen Dicke vorteilhaft einen geringen Fertigungsaufwand und geringen Materialeinsatz erfordern.
- Gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Diffusionszone innerhalb eines Abstandes von 2 µm von der Grenzfläche zur Schicht einen Gehalt an Titan oder Tantal von mehr als 50 Gew-% aufweist. Hierbei handelt es sich um Legierungsgehalte, die einen diffusionsbedingten Transport von Titan bzw. Tantal an Schadstellen (wie bereits beschrieben) vorteilhaft noch ermöglichen. Dabei können direkt unterhalb der Oxidschicht auch Gehalte von bis zu 100 % an Titan oder Tantal auftreten. Mit steigendem Abstand von der Oberfläche des Elektrobleches verringert sich der Gehalt an Titan oder Tantal in der Matrix des Elektrobleches (legierter Stahl) so dass der die Haftung der Oxidschicht verbessernde Effekt ausgenutzt werden kann.
- Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines Elektrobleches, bei dem das Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische Isolation verbessernden Schicht beschichtet wird. Auf den Stand der Technik ist bereits eingegangen worden. Die Aufgabe, die sich davon ausgehend ergibt, liegt darin, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem das Behandeln von Elektroblechen möglich ist und welches Produkte erzeugt, die auch unter stark korrosiven Einflüssen einen genügenden Korrosionsschutz gewährleisten.
- Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem genannten Verfahren erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass in einem ersten Schritt eine Diffusionszone an der Oberfläche des Elektrobleches hergestellt wird, wobei als Metall Tantal oder Titan in die Oberfläche eindiffundiert, wobei der erste Schritt als PVD-Prozess in einer inerten Gasatmosphäre mit einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlung durchgeführt wird. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das Metall, Tantal oder Titan an der Oberfläche in das zugehörige Metalloxid, Titanoxid oder Tantaloxid umgewandelt, wobei eine Schicht aus dem Metalloxid entsteht und in der Diffusionszone ein Restgehalt an dem Metall des Metalloxids verbleibt. Hierdurch entsteht die bereits oben erläuterte Oxidschicht, die einen hervorragenden Widerstand gegen Korrosion aufweist. In der Diffusionszone verbleibt der Restgehalt an dem Metall des Metalloxides, wodurch, wie bereits erläutert, die Haftung der Oxidschicht verbessert wird. Außerdem entsteht durch die Diffusionszone ein Depot an dem entsprechenden Material, welches bei Verletzungen der Oxidschicht zum Ausheilen der Verletzung durch spontanes Passivieren zur Verfügung steht.
- Das genannte Verfahren wird so durchgeführt, dass der erste Schritt als PVD-Prozess mit einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlung durchgeführt wird. PVD-Prozesse sind vorteilhaft leicht zu handhaben. Sowohl Titan als auch Tantal lassen sich durch Verwendung geeigneter Targetmaterialien auf Stahl abscheiden. Titan wird beispielsweise zur Herstellung von Werkzeugbeschichtungen in vielfacher Weise durch PVD-Verfahren abgeschieden, wobei dies normalerweise in einer reaktiven Stickstoffatmoshäre erfolgt, um Titannitrid herstellen zu können. Wird stattdessen eine inerte Gasatmosphäre gewählt, so wird reines Titan abgeschieden. Auch Tantal lässt sich ohne weiteres auf Stahl abscheiden. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise in der
EP 77 535 A1 JP 53-50019 A JP 59-47371 A - Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Diffusionszone vor der Ausbildung der Schicht innerhalb eines Abstandes von 5 µm von der Grenzfläche zur Schicht einen Gehalt an Titan oder Tantal von mehr als 50 Gew-% aufweist. Es ist selbstverständlich, dass die Diffusionszone vor der Ausbildung der Schicht einen größeren Bereich mit einer hohen Titan- oder Tantal-Konzentration aufweisen muss, da durch Oxidation des Titans oder Tantals ein Teil der vorher ausgebildeten Diffusionsschicht in die Oxidschicht umgewandelt wird. Um nach diesem Oxidationsvorgang noch genügend Material für ein Reparieren der Oxidschicht in der Matrix des Elektrobleches zur Verfügung zu haben, muss daher der Anteil an Titan oder Tantal genügend hoch sein.
- Für den Fall, dass eine spontan sich ausbildende Passivierungsschicht auf dem Titan oder dem Tantal für einen wirksamen Korrosionsschutz nicht ausreicht, sondern die Passivierungsschicht elektrochemisch hergestellt werden soll, ist es vorteilhaft, eine sich spontan ausbildende Passivierungsschicht vorher zu entfernen. Auf diese Weise kann vorteilhaft die elektrochemisch unterstützte Ausbildung der Passivierungsschicht ungestört erfolgen. Die Wärmebehandlung findet dann vorteilhaft in einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre statt, wobei bevorzugt der Sauerstoff im Vergleich zur atmosphärischen Bedingungen auch angereichert sein kann, um den Oxidationsvorgang zu beschleunigen.
- Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrobleches im Querschnitt. Zu erkennen ist in der Figur ein Elektroblech 11, dessen Oberseite 12 und Unterseite 13 jeweils mit einer Schicht 14 aus Tantaloxid versehen ist. Dieser Schicht 14 schließt sich eine Diffusionszone 15 an, die eine gemeinsame Grenzfläche 16 mit der Schicht 12 des Tantaloxids aufweist. Hinter der Grenzfläche liegt die Konzentration an Tantal in der Diffusionszone weit über 50 %. Diese fällt zum Inneren des Elektrobleches 11 immer weiter ab, bis die Konzentration 0 Gew-% beträgt. An sich lässt sich daher eine Grenze zwischen dem eigentlichen Elektroblech 11 und der Diffusionszone 15 nicht wirklich darstellen. In der Figur dargestellt ist jedoch derjenige Bereich, in dem die Konzentration an Tantal im Gefüge des Elektrobleches 11 über 50 % liegt.
Claims (7)
- Elektroblech (11) mit einer die elektrische Isolation verbessernden Schicht (14),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schicht (14) aus einem Metalloxid, enthaltend hauptsächlich Titanoxid oder Tantaloxid, besteht und dass das Elektroblech (11) eine Diffusionszone (15) aufweist, in die das Metall des Metalloxids in den Werkstoff des Elektrobleches eindiffundiert ist und die an die Schicht (14) angrenzt. - Elektroblech nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Schicht (14) eine Dicke von mindestens 5 µm und höchstens 10 µm aufweist. - Elektroblech nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Diffusionszone (15) innerhalb eines Abstands von 2 µm von der Grenzfläche zur Schicht (14) einen Gehalt an Titan oder Tantal von mehr als 50 Gew-% aufweist. - Verfahren zum Behandeln eines Elektrobleches, bei dem das Elektroblech (11) mit einer die elektrische Isolation verbessernden Schicht (14) beschichtet wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass- In einem ersten Schritt eine Diffusionszone (15) an der Oberfläche des Elektrobleches (11) hergestellt wird, wobei als Metall Tantal oder Titan in die Oberfläche eindiffundiert, wobei der erste Schritt als PVD-Prozess in einer inerten Gasatmosphäre mit einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlung durchgeführt wird; und- in einem zweiten Schritt das Metall Tantal oder Titan an der Oberfläche in das zugehörige Metalloxid Titanoxid oder Tantaloxid umgewandelt wird, wobei eine Schicht (14) aus dem Metalloxid entsteht und in der Diffusionszone (15) ein Restgehalt an dem Metall des Metalloxids verbleibt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Diffusionszone (15) vor der Ausbildung der Schicht innerhalb eines Abstands von 5 µm von der Grenzfläche zur Schicht (14) einen Gehalt an Titan oder Tantal von mehr als 50 Gew-% aufweist. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass vor der Durchführung des zweiten Schrittes eine spontan ausgebildete Passivierungsschicht entfernt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der zweite Schritt als Wärmebehandlung in einer sauerstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird.
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DE102013208617.2A DE102013208617A1 (de) | 2013-05-10 | 2013-05-10 | Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische Isolation verbessernden Schicht und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
PCT/EP2014/057879 WO2014180646A1 (de) | 2013-05-10 | 2014-04-17 | Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische isolation verbessernden schicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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US (1) | US9959959B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2979281B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105190794B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2014264849B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112015027423A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2911552C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013208617A1 (de) |
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CN116731543B (zh) * | 2023-07-24 | 2024-07-02 | 无锡普天铁心股份有限公司 | 一种环保取向硅钢绝缘涂液及其制备方法和应用 |
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US2591460A (en) * | 1949-08-17 | 1952-04-01 | Gen Electric | Process for providing magnetic sheet steel with an insulative film |
US2691460A (en) | 1950-09-27 | 1954-10-12 | Blaw Knox Co | Gasket sealing and cooling system |
DE1115555B (de) * | 1959-08-28 | 1961-10-19 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von hochhitzebestaendigen Schutzschichten auf Metallgegenstaenden, insbesondere Elektroblechen und -baendern |
GB852265A (en) * | 1958-02-07 | 1960-10-26 | British Iron Steel Research | Improvements in or relating to iron and ferrous alloys |
SE367844B (de) | 1972-10-26 | 1974-06-10 | Asea Ab | |
US3950575A (en) * | 1973-01-23 | 1976-04-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Heat treatment of metals in a controlled surface atmosphere |
DE3141567C2 (de) | 1981-10-20 | 1986-02-06 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von aus Tantal, Wolfram oder Molybdän bestehenden Schichten bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Verwendung dieser Schichten |
SE465128B (sv) | 1984-10-15 | 1991-07-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Kornorienterad staaltunnplaat foer elektriska aendamaal samt foerfarande foer framstaellning av plaaten |
JPS6223984A (ja) * | 1985-07-23 | 1987-01-31 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 一方向性珪素鋼板の磁歪の圧縮応力特性を改善する極薄張力被膜 |
US4762753A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1988-08-09 | Usx Corporation | Insulative coating composition |
EP0555867B1 (de) | 1992-02-13 | 2000-12-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Orientiertes Stahlblech mit geringem Kernverlust und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
JP2861702B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-19 | 1999-02-24 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 加工性および耐熱性に優れた絶縁皮膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
DE19681296C2 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 2003-01-23 | Tocalo Co Ltd | Element mit Verbundbeschichtung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
EP0910101A4 (de) * | 1997-04-03 | 2005-12-28 | Jfe Steel Corp | Unidirektionale siliziumstahlplatte mit aussergewöhnlichem eisenverlust |
DE10130308B4 (de) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-05-12 | Thyssenkrupp Electrical Steel Ebg Gmbh | Kornorientiertes Elektroblech mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Beschichtung |
CN1282719C (zh) * | 2001-10-30 | 2006-11-01 | 关西涂料株式会社 | 用于形成二氧化钛膜的涂层组合物、二氧化钛膜的制备工艺以及涂有二氧化钛膜的金属基材 |
JP2007154269A (ja) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Jfe Steel Kk | セラミック被膜付き方向性電磁鋼板 |
US20070262668A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-15 | General Electric Company | Magnetic Bearings, Armatures for Magnetic Bearings, and Methods for Assembling the Same |
BRPI0810306A2 (pt) * | 2007-06-12 | 2019-02-12 | Du Pont | "composição de revestimento, processo para o revestimento de chapas de aço elétrico, para a preparação de um núcleo da chapa de aço elétrica, chapa de aço elétrico e núcleo de chapa de aço elétrico" |
DE102008039326A1 (de) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | IWT Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik | Verfahren zum elektrischen Isolieren von Elektroblech, elektrisch isoliertes Elektroblech, lamellierter magnetischer Kern mit dem Elektroblech und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines lamellierten magnetischen Kerns |
JP5756825B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | オムロン株式会社 | 電磁継電器 |
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2013
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US9959959B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
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US20160125986A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
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