EP2979139A2 - Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie - Google Patents
Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerieInfo
- Publication number
- EP2979139A2 EP2979139A2 EP14710311.3A EP14710311A EP2979139A2 EP 2979139 A2 EP2979139 A2 EP 2979139A2 EP 14710311 A EP14710311 A EP 14710311A EP 2979139 A2 EP2979139 A2 EP 2979139A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- piece
- monobloc
- pivot axis
- field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002907 paramagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005292 diamagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002889 diamagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G04B13/026—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
- G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
- G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
- G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
- G04C3/042—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using mechanical coupling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mobile rotating watch-making shaft, said shaft being made in one or more aligned parts.
- the invention also relates to a rotating clock watch comprising such a shaft.
- the invention also relates to a clockwork mechanism comprising such a shaft and / or such a mobile, including an escape mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a shaft and / or such a mobile and / or such a mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a shaft and / or such a mobile, and / or such a mechanism, and / or such a movement.
- the invention relates to the field of watch mechanisms, in particular the field of regulating members, in particular for mechanical watches.
- the regulating organ of a mechanical watch is constituted by a harmonic oscillator, the sprung balance, whose oscillation natural frequency depends mainly on the inertia of the balance and the elastic rigidity of the spiral.
- the oscillations of the sprung balance, otherwise damped, are maintained by the pulses provided by an escapement generally composed of one or two pivoting mobiles.
- these pivoting mobiles are the anchor and the escape wheel.
- the march of the watch is determined by the frequency of the sprung balance and by the disturbance generated by the impulse of the escapement, which generally slows down the natural oscillation of the sprung balance and thus causes a delay in running.
- the march of the watch is therefore disturbed by all the phenomena that can alter the natural frequency of the sprung balance and / or the time dependence of the impulse provided by the escapement.
- gait defects related to the residual effect of the field
- the origin of these defects is the permanent magnetization of the fixed ferromagnetic components of the movement or the cladding and the permanent or transient magnetization of the moving magnetic components forming part of the regulating organ (sprung balance) and / or the exhaust .
- magnetically or magnetically permeable mobile components (balance, hairspring, exhaust) are subjected to magnetostatic torque and / or magnetostatic forces.
- these interactions modify the apparent rigidity of the sprung balance, the dynamics of the escape mobiles and the friction. These modifications produce a fault that can range from a few tens to a few hundred seconds a day.
- the interaction of the watch movement with the external field, during the exhibition, can also lead to the stop of the movement.
- the arrest in the field and the residual run-out are not correlated, because the arrest in field depends on the transient magnetization, sub-field, of the components (and therefore of the permeability and the saturation field). components), while the residual run fault depends on the residual magnetization (and therefore, mainly, the coercive field of the components) which can be low even in the presence of a significant magnetic permeability.
- the anchor body and the escape wheel can be made of very low paramagnetic materials, without their mechanical performance being affected.
- the shafts of the mobiles require very good mechanical performances (good tribology, low fatigue) to allow an optimal and constant pivoting in the time, and it is therefore preferable to manufacture them in hardened steel (typically carbon steel type 20AP or the like).
- hardened steel typically carbon steel type 20AP or the like.
- such steels are materials that are sensitive to magnetic fields because they have a high saturation field combined with a high coercive field.
- the balance, anchor and escape wheel shafts are currently the most critical components in the face of the magnetic disturbances of the watch.
- D1 WO 2004/008258 A2 DETARPATEK PHILIPPE discloses a rotor-stator system consisting of a wheel consisting of a permanent magnet pre-magnetized in a fixed diametral direction, as well as a maintenance solution of an oscillator.
- This document discloses a production shaft of an electromagnetic torque on which are mounted a rotor and a second pinion, which are not parts of the shaft but are mounted on the shaft, this shaft being a standard shaft without any property specific magnetic.
- parts mounted on the balance shaft are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of monel, silver, nickel, copper, a beryllium alloy, and a copper-manganese alloy or a nickel alloy.
- the anchor and the escape wheel are formed of a material selected from the group consisting of silver, nickel, a copper-beryllium alloy, and a nickel alloy. or manganese-copper.
- the balance shaft comprises journals, and, with the exception of the bearing pins, is integrally formed from a material having a magnetic permeability ⁇ less than 1.01.
- the assembly of the balance shaft is formed of a material having a magnetic permeability ⁇ less than or equal to 1.01.
- the balance shaft may, again, be made of a hardenable bronze.
- the document D3 CH 705 655 A2 ROLEX describes the minimization of the residual effect, that is to say, the difference in the progress of a watch subjected to variations in external magnetic fields. This minimization is correlated as a surprising effect, with the geometry of the axis of the balance.
- this document describes an oscillator comprising a spiral made of paramagnetic or diamagnetic material, and an assembled balance wheel comprising a shaft on which are mounted a balance, a plate, a shell integral with the spiral, and where, or the maximum diameter of the shaft is less than 3.5 / 2.5 / 2.0 times the minimum diameter of the shaft on which one of the other elements is mounted, or the maximum diameter of the shaft is less than 1, 6 / 1, 3 times the maximum diameter of the shaft on which is mounted one of the other elements.
- This document discloses a tree having homogeneous intrinsic magnetic properties, in this case a strongly ferromagnetic tree. However, the plateau is not an integral part of the tree.
- the invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on the shafts of a watch mechanism, within a movement incorporated into a timepiece, in particular a watch.
- the invention relates to a mobile rotating watchmaking tree, said shaft being made in one or more aligned parts, characterized in that said shaft is magnetically inhomogeneous.
- said shaft is magnetically inhomogeneous with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of said shaft radially with respect to said pivot axis.
- said shaft is magnetically inhomogeneous with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of said shaft radially with a symmetry of revolution with respect to said pivot axis.
- the invention also relates to a rotating clock watch comprising such a shaft.
- the invention also relates to a clockwork mechanism comprising such a shaft and / or such a mobile, including an escape mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such a shaft and / or such a mobile and / or such a mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a shaft and / or such a mobile, and / or such a mechanism, and / or such a movement.
- FIG. 1 represents, in the form of a three-dimensional diagram, a first variant of a mobile tree according to the invention, comprising a central zone of intrinsic magnetic properties different from those of the peripheral zone which surrounds this central zone centered on the pivoting axis of the mobile;
- FIG. 2 shows schematically in sectional view and with a gray color all the more intense as the remnant field is high, a homogeneous tree of the prior art after exposure to a magnetic field;
- FIG. 3 shows, schematically and similar to Figure 2, the tree of Figure 1, with a remnant field concentrated on its central and axial zone;
- FIG. 4 illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic couples exerted on these two models of balance shafts of FIG. 2 and of FIG. 3, the graph G2 corresponding to the homogeneous tree of FIG. 2 is shown in broken lines, and the graph G3 corresponding to the inhomogeneous tree according to the invention is shown in solid lines.
- On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm;
- FIG. 5 illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic torques exerted on these two models of balance shafts of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, compared with the pair of return of the spring and the torque applied to the spring. rocker by the anchor.
- the graph G2 corresponding to the homogeneous tree of FIG. 2 is represented in broken lines, and the graph G3 corresponding to the inhomogeneous tree according to the invention is represented in solid lines.
- the interrupted mixed line G4 represents the return torque exerted by the spiral.
- the couple of maintenance, applied to the pendulum by the anchor is represented in the form of a horizontal G5 dashed line.
- FIG. 6 represents, in a manner similar to FIG. 1, a second variant of a mobile shaft according to the invention, comprising a median part of intrinsic magnetic properties different from those of two end zones which surround this median part; on either side in the direction of the pivot axis of the mobile;
- FIG. 7 represents, in a similar manner to FIG. 3, the distribution of the remanent field on the tree of FIG. 6, with a remanent field concentrated on its two axial end zones;
- FIG. 8 shows, in block diagram form, a timepiece, comprising a movement comprising a mechanism comprising a mobile equipped with a shaft according to the invention.
- the object of the invention is to protect an oscillator from any magnetic disturbance.
- the invention aims in particular at limiting the magnetic interaction on the shafts 1 of the moving parts 10 of a watch mechanism 20, within a movement 30 incorporated in a timepiece 40, in particular a watch, and in particular for the maintenance (exhaust) and control (sprung balance) components which constitute a preferred application on the balance wheel, anchor and escape wheel shafts.
- the invention can allow watches with spiral, anchor body and nonmagnetic escape wheel to withstand, without stopping, magnetic fields of the order of a Tesla, and without the mechanical performance (chronometry and mobile aging) are affected.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce the residual effect of watches with spiral, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel to less than one second per day.
- the geometry of the shaft of a pendulum is generally more complex than the geometry of the anchor rod, and that of the shaft of the escape wheel.
- Two alternative variants, non-limiting, using the same principle are illustrated for the case of a balance shaft.
- Their generalization in the case of the anchor rod and the escape wheel, or other mobiles, will be obvious to the skilled person.
- axis refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and “shaft” to a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts.
- a pair of pivots 2A and 2B aligned and reported on either side of a median portion 6 of a mobile 10, to guide it in pivoting is also called “tree”.
- magnetically permeable materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for balance shafts for example. or around 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10000.
- Magnetic materials for example in the case of polar masses, are termed “materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field of between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the" Neodymium Iron Boron ". a magnetic energy density Em close to 512 kJ / m 3 and giving a residual field of 0.5 to 1 3 Tesla. A lower residual field level, towards the lower part of the range can be used when combining, in a magnetization couple, such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable antagonist component of high permeability, closer to 10000, in the range of 100 to 10,000.
- Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1 0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonist component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass.
- Low paramagnetic materials having magnetic permeability of between 1.01 and 2, can be used for the implementation of the invention.
- Materials such as CoCr20Ni16 Mo7, known especially under the name "Phynox®” or nickel-phosphorus NiP (either with a concentration of 12% phosphorus but hardened, or with a concentration of phosphorus of less than 12%) are weakly paramagnetic, therefore usable for the implementation of the invention.
- non-magnetic materials magnet permeability less than 1 .01
- magnetic permeability less than 1 .01
- these materials are either difficult to machine or mechanically unsuited to the requested functions (and therefore require a coating or a hardening procedure making them ferromagnetic) which explains why the first watch resistant to 15 ⁇ 00 Gauss was presented only in 2013.
- non-magnetic materials are: aluminum, gold, brass or similar.
- Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 "5 ), such as graphite or graphene.
- soft magnetic materials not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials with high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the best possible the field, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields.
- These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
- Non-magnetic Materials which are qualified as “non-magnetic” have a relative magnetic permeability very slightly greater than 1, and less than 1.0001, as typically silicon, diamond, palladium and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA” process.
- the one-piece shaft 1 of a rotating mobile watch 10 is made of one or more parts 2, which are then aligned on a pivot axis D.
- this shaft 1 is a pivoting axial element, which serves as a support for other components: plate, flange, collar, balance, but which is not constituted by these other components, which are driven, glued, welded, brazed , or supported on the tree, or maintained by other methods.
- the characteristics presented below concern this single tree 1.
- this one-piece shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous.
- the tree 1 according to the invention has intrinsic magnetic properties (permeability, saturation field, coercive field, Curie temperature, dependent hysteresis curve) which are non-uniform in its volume.
- magnetization is not part of these intrinsic magnetic properties.
- the magnetization profile of such a tree after magnetization does not depend solely on the intrinsic magnetic properties, but depends in particular on the magnetic field source that magnetized it and the shape and size of said tree.
- the tree may have non-uniform magnetization even if the intrinsic magnetic properties are uniform
- a component can not become, for example, ferromagnetic after being subjected to a magnetic field: a material is either ferromagnetic, or paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic or diamagnetic.
- the temperature can modify this characteristic but it can not be modified by an external field. It is important to differentiate the magnetization from the intrinsic magnetic properties of the material.
- the invention proposes, in a particular case, to use, in a case where the tree is bi-material, either paramagnetic materials or ferromagnetic materials having well-defined intrinsic properties.
- this one-piece shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous, with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of this one-piece shaft 1, either in the axial direction of the pivot axis D of the one-piece shaft 1, or radially with a symmetry of revolution relative to this pivot axis D, both in the axial direction of the pivot axis D and radially with a symmetry of revolution relative to this pivot axis D.
- the one-piece shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties radially with respect to the pivot axis D.
- this variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of the one-piece shaft 1 is made radially with a symmetry of revolution with respect to the pivot axis D.
- inhomogeneous tree in the radial direction is meant here that the magnetic properties of the shaft vary in the radial direction from the center of the shaft to the periphery (while the shaft may or may not be magnetically homogeneous in the axial direction).
- central zone 3 Only the material located in the heart of the tree, in a zone hereinafter called central zone 3, that is to say in the vicinity of the pivot axis D, has a high saturation field (Bs> 1 T ), a magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ maximum greater than 50, and a coercive field Hc greater than 3 kA / m (all these properties are typical of 20AP steel preferably used for pivoting shafts because of good mechanical performance). Naturally, if other materials are used, these threshold values must be adapted by routine tests.
- peripheral zone 4 While the material at the periphery of the shaft, in a zone hereinafter referred to as the peripheral zone 4, is either weakly paramagnetic or ferromagnetic with a low saturation field (Bs ⁇ 0.5 T), a low maximum magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 10, and a weak coercive field.
- FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of the first variant.
- the one-piece balance shaft 1 is composed of a strongly ferromagnetic central zone 3 (grayed out) and a paramagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic peripheral zone 4 (in white).
- the strongly ferromagnetic region in the central zone 3 at the heart of the monobloc shaft 1 is preferably contained in a cylinder of radius less than 100 micrometers (and centered on the pivot axis D) to achieve the desired performance.
- the magnetic inhomogeneity described here can be obtained by combining two different materials (by brazing, welding or depositing one material on the other), or, in the case where an alloy is used (for example, steel carbon), by heat treatment or under electric or magnetic field of all or part of the finished component. More particularly, thermal and electromagnetic treatments are well suited for a well-defined treatment in space.
- FIG. 2 shows the prior art, in the form of a monobloc shaft 1 of a conventional, homogeneous, steel beam AP.
- This figure illustrates the remanent field, after magnetization at 0.2 T.
- this shaft is subjected to an external field of 0.2 T oriented in the direction orthogonal to the pivot axis, the shaft is magnetized in all its volume, its remanent field being between 0.3 T and 0.6 T, as shown in Figure 2 which shows:
- the magnetization is greater in correspondence of the maximum radius of the tree.
- FIG. 3 shows the remanent field of a radially inhomogeneous balance monoblock shaft 1 according to the first variant of the invention.
- This one-piece shaft 1 has the same geometry as that of FIG. 2, but only the core, in central zone 3, is of steel 20 AP, while its periphery, in peripheral zone
- the shaft is subjected to an external field of 0.2 T oriented in the direction orthogonal to the pivot axis D.
- the remanent field is about 0.4 T and concentrated in the core in central zone 3.
- the magnetic shaft of the balance is subjected to a magnetic torque which tends to orient it in the direction of the external field.
- the moment of this pair may be high enough to stop the movement of this balance-spring.
- the one-piece shaft 1 comprises a remanent field field on a very small radius, whereas in the prior art the areas of high remanent field are precisely in the areas of larger radius.
- Stopping movement occurs if the torque acting on the shaft is greater than the restoring moment exerted by the hairspring for angles lower than the lifting angle, and the maintenance torque applied by the anchor to the balance.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the comparison of the magnetic torques exerted on these two models of balance shafts: the graph G2 corresponding to the homogeneous shaft of FIG. 2 is shown in broken lines, and the graph G3 corresponding to the monobloc shaft 1 inhomogeneous according to the invention (first variant of Figure 3, or second variant of Figure 7 shown below) is shown in solid lines.
- On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm. In both cases, the torque varies sinusoidally with the rotation angle of the balance spring (here zero is fixed arbitrarily).
- the homogeneous shaft of Figure 2 is subjected to a magnetic torque significantly greater than the pair of the spiral and the maintenance torque. In this case, the sprung balance will be stopped for a field smaller than 0.2 T.
- the inhomogeneous monobloc shaft 1 according to the first variant of the invention is subjected to a torque less than the torque exerted by the spiral in the angle of lift ( ⁇ 30 °) and the maintenance torque. In this case, the sprung balance will not be stopped under a field of 0.2 T.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the comparison of the magnetic couples on a balance shaft, homogeneous according to the prior art, and inhomogeneous according to the invention (first variant, or second variant exposed later), imposed by an external field of 0.2 T , compared to the return torque of the hairspring and the torque applied to the balance by the anchor.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the comparison, on a small angular amplitude, of the magnetic couples exerted on these two models of balance shafts: the graph G2 corresponding to the homogeneous tree is shown in broken lines. , and the graph G3 corresponding to the inhomogeneous tree is represented in continuous line.
- the interrupted mixed line G4 represents the return torque exerted by the spiral.
- the maintenance torque, applied to the balance by the anchor is represented in the form of a horizontal G5 dotted line.
- the one-piece shaft 1 of the balance 10 is immersed in the magnetic field created by the fixed ferromagnetic components of the movement 30, or / and the timepiece 40, of which it is part.
- the one-piece shaft 1 is then subjected to a torque similar to that shown in Figure 4, but of a lower moment.
- This disturbance torque is responsible for the residual running error.
- a movement equipped with an inhomogeneous monobloc shaft 1 according to the first variant of the invention is therefore affected by a walking defect which is between 3 and 10 times less than that which affects a movement equipped with a traditional homogeneous tree.
- the second variant of the invention relates to a shaft which is inhomogeneous in the axial direction, parallel to the axis of pivoting of the shaft.
- the inhomogeneity of the magnetic properties is this time realized in the axial direction.
- the ends 2 of the monobloc shaft 1, constituted by the pivots 2A and 2B, which must have optimum mechanical properties, are generally made of magnetic materials, while the middle part 6 of the monobloc shaft 1 is made of weakly paramagnetic material.
- the length (in the axial direction) accumulated of the magnetic parts of the one-piece shaft 1 is advantageously less than one third of the total length of the one-piece shaft 1.
- the difference in length between the magnetic parts is advantageously kept below 10%.
- This second variant is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6, in which preferably only the pivots 2A and 2B are made of ferromagnetic material.
- the one-piece shaft 1 of FIG. 6 comprises, in the direction of the pivot axis D, a median portion 6 surrounded on both sides by two end zones 8. And only these end zones 8, preferably made of pivoted steel, have a high saturation field of Bs greater than 1 T, a maximum magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ greater than 50, and a coercive field Hc greater than 3 kA / m. While the material in the middle part 6 is either weakly paramagnetic or ferromagnetic with a low saturation field Bs less than 0.5 T, a low magnetic permeability ⁇ less than 10, and a low coercive field.
- X 6 m (Cech + ke 1 ) / (b o B s H e 1 ) (1)
- the coefficient b is a factor, of the order of one unit if the other quantities are expressed in the international system, and which depends on the geometric shape of the X-tree is typically between 0.1 mm 3 and 1 mm 3 .
- the remanent field is smaller (and more localized) than in the case of a homogeneous tree according to FIG. 2, as shown in FIG.
- This FIG. 7 represents the remanent field, after magnetization at 0.2 T, of a one-piece integral shaft 1 of inhomogeneous balance according to the second variant of the invention.
- the pivots are made of 20 AP steel.
- the middle part 6 is weakly paramagnetic.
- the torque acting on the one-piece shaft 1 in this case is equivalent to that obtained for the first variant ( Figure 4 and Figure 5).
- the desired magnetic inhomogeneity can be obtained by combining two different materials (by brazing, welding or depositing one material on the other) or, in the case where an alloy is used (by carbon steel), by heat treatment or under electric or magnetic field of all or part of the finished component.
- the monobloc shaft 1 is then magnetically inhomogeneous with a variation of its intrinsic magnetic properties both in the axial direction of the pivot axis D and radially relative to to this pivot axis D.
- the invention is easy to implement and inexpensive, since, in practice, a simple two-material embodiment makes it possible to obtain the desired result.
- a balance rod constituting the peripheral zone 4 which is produced, according to the desired inertia, of aluminum, gold, brass or the like, while the central zone 3 is made in the form of a 20AP steel bar or similar: a low inertia beam is obtained with a light alloy serge, in particular of aluminum, easy to machine and to drill through, and a core of drawn or drawn steel, or cleavage, with a diameter less than 100 micrometers.
- a rocker according to the second variant and with very low inertia has a machined middle portion 6 of aluminum alloy and having at its axial ends two housings for driving pivots 2A and 2B pivoted steel.
- the shaft 1 comprises at least one projecting part of larger radius about its pivot axis D, and at least said projecting part is delimited, on either side of said pivot axis D, by two surfaces symmetrical with respect to said pivot axis D and which define, in projection on a plane perpendicular to said pivot axis D, a profile inscribed in a rectangle whose ratio of the length to the width defines a shape ratio which is greater than or equal to at 2, the direction of said length defining a main axis DP.
- the invention also relates to a pivoting watchmaking wheel 10 comprising a one-piece shaft 1 according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a watchmaking mechanism comprising such a monobloc shaft 1 and / or such a mobile 10, in particular an escape mechanism.
- this clockwork mechanism 20 comprises such a mobile 10 oscillating around a rest position defined by a rest plane passing through a pivot axis D, said mobile 10 being biased towards a rest position by elastic return means.
- this mobile 10 comprises such a shaft 1 which comprises at least one such particular projecting part, this shaft 1 being made of steel, and said main axis DP of said shaft 1, in the plane orthogonal to said shaft, occupies a determined angular position relative to said plane of rest in said rest position of said mobile 10, said mechanism 20 having a preferred magnetization direction DA which is substantially orthogonal to said main axis DP of said shaft 1 in said rest position.
- the invention also relates to a horological movement comprising such a monobloc shaft 1 and / or such a mobile 10 and / or such a mechanism 20.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece 40, in particular a watch, comprising such a one-piece shaft 1 and / or such a mobile 10, and / or such a mechanism 20, and / or such a movement 30.
- the invention requires no pre-magnetized permanent magnet or magnetic wheel, but only magnetically passive (paramagnetic or ferromagnetic) shafts.
- the object of the invention is not to provide a maintenance solution of the oscillator, but to protect the oscillator from any magnetic disturbance.
- the invention in one or the other of its variants, has important advantages:
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Electric Clocks (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14710311.3A EP2979139B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13161124.6A EP2784601B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
EP14710311.3A EP2979139B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
PCT/EP2014/055267 WO2014154510A2 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2979139A2 true EP2979139A2 (fr) | 2016-02-03 |
EP2979139B1 EP2979139B1 (fr) | 2018-05-09 |
Family
ID=47915605
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13161124.6A Active EP2784601B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
EP14710311.3A Active EP2979139B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13161124.6A Active EP2784601B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9915923B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP2784601B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6315727B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105103057B (fr) |
CH (1) | CH707790B1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1217776A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014154510A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023036928A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-16 | Rolex Sa | Élément inertiel pour mouvement horloger |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3208664B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-19 | 2023-08-16 | Omega SA | Mecanisme horloger ou horloge sans signature magnetique |
EP3273303A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-24 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
JP6915602B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-08-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 時計部品および時計 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1830032A (en) * | 1924-01-08 | 1931-11-03 | John H Kohler | Staff for rotating apparatus |
US2131797A (en) * | 1934-04-16 | 1938-10-04 | Dreyfus Jean | Transmission means for control members |
FR1145049A (fr) * | 1955-07-19 | 1957-10-21 | Complications Sa | Moteur à impulsions |
CH343303A (de) * | 1956-01-24 | 1959-12-15 | Straumann Inst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Welle mit bruchfesten Lagerzapfen für Uhrwerke und feinmechanische Apparate und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Welle mit bruchfesten Lagerzapfen |
FR1475005A (fr) * | 1966-02-18 | 1967-03-31 | Procédé de fabrication de fils métalliques et fils métalliques obtenus selon ce procédé | |
CH1246668A4 (fr) * | 1968-08-19 | 1972-11-30 | ||
CH1393168A4 (fr) * | 1968-09-15 | 1970-08-14 | ||
CH1675373A4 (fr) * | 1973-11-29 | 1976-11-15 | ||
JPH04124246A (ja) * | 1990-09-13 | 1992-04-24 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | 時計の文字盤 |
JP3370636B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-01-27 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | キャリア箔付金属箔及びその製造方法 |
CN1244029C (zh) | 2000-04-11 | 2006-03-01 | 迪特拉有限公司 | 钟表件的擒纵装置 |
EP1522001B1 (fr) | 2002-07-11 | 2006-08-09 | Detra SA | Dispositif d'echappement |
US20070249762A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2007-10-25 | Ram Technologies Group, Inc. | Rubber modified asphalt cement compositions and methods |
GB0324439D0 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2003-11-19 | Levingston Gideon R | Minimal thermal variation and temperature compensating non-magnetic balance wheels and methods of production of these and their associated balance springs |
EP1986059A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-10-29 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Dispositif de pivotement d'un arbre dans une pièce d'horlogerie |
JP6231986B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-24 | 2017-11-15 | ロレックス・ソシエテ・アノニムRolex Sa | 時計ムーブメントの振動体 |
EP2757424B1 (fr) * | 2013-01-17 | 2018-05-16 | Omega SA | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
EP2757423B1 (fr) * | 2013-01-17 | 2018-07-11 | Omega SA | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
EP2784602B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-26 | 2018-12-05 | Montres Breguet SA | Arbre de mobile à géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique |
-
2013
- 2013-03-26 CH CH00664/13A patent/CH707790B1/fr unknown
- 2013-03-26 EP EP13161124.6A patent/EP2784601B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-03-17 JP JP2016504560A patent/JP6315727B2/ja active Active
- 2014-03-17 WO PCT/EP2014/055267 patent/WO2014154510A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-03-17 CN CN201480018533.0A patent/CN105103057B/zh active Active
- 2014-03-17 EP EP14710311.3A patent/EP2979139B1/fr active Active
- 2014-03-17 US US14/779,773 patent/US9915923B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-05-23 HK HK16105845.8A patent/HK1217776A1/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014154510A2 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023036928A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-16 | Rolex Sa | Élément inertiel pour mouvement horloger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH707790B1 (fr) | 2017-12-15 |
WO2014154510A3 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
CH707790A2 (fr) | 2014-09-30 |
US9915923B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
EP2979139B1 (fr) | 2018-05-09 |
EP2784601A1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 |
JP6315727B2 (ja) | 2018-04-25 |
JP2016514834A (ja) | 2016-05-23 |
CN105103057B (zh) | 2018-04-13 |
US20160085213A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
WO2014154510A2 (fr) | 2014-10-02 |
WO2014154510A9 (fr) | 2015-03-05 |
CN105103057A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2784601B1 (fr) | 2017-09-13 |
WO2014154510A4 (fr) | 2015-01-29 |
HK1217776A1 (zh) | 2017-01-20 |
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