EP2975622B1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung des verschleisses von elektrischen kontakten eines elektrischen schaltgeräts - Google Patents

Verfahren zur bestimmung des verschleisses von elektrischen kontakten eines elektrischen schaltgeräts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2975622B1
EP2975622B1 EP15175514.7A EP15175514A EP2975622B1 EP 2975622 B1 EP2975622 B1 EP 2975622B1 EP 15175514 A EP15175514 A EP 15175514A EP 2975622 B1 EP2975622 B1 EP 2975622B1
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Prior art keywords
duration
electrical contacts
determining
tref
closure
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2975622A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel SENECHAULT
Cécile VENET
Laurent CARBONE
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the wear of the electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus.
  • a switch-type electrical switch device for example of three-pole type, comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a control coil, a fixed yoke and a movable armature.
  • the apparatus further comprises a movable member set in motion by the actuator and carrying for each pole at least one movable contact adapted to move relative to a fixed contact between an open state and a closed state by means of the actuator. In the closed state, each movable contact is crushed against the corresponding fixed contact by means of a pole spring.
  • the document DE 199 45 058 A1 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a system according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for determining the wear of electrical contacts of a switch electrical apparatus, which is reliable and easy to implement, even on devices already installed.
  • the piezoelectric sensor is fixed on the surface of the housing of the electrical switch device and is for example of the PVDF or PVDF-TrFe type.
  • a switch-type electrical switch device comprises, in known manner, an electromagnetic type actuator 1, one or more poles (for example three poles for a three-pole contactor) with, for each pole, a movable member set in motion by the actuator, one or more movable contacts 21 carried by the movable member and one or more fixed contacts 20.
  • the actuator 1 more particularly comprises a fixed yoke 10 and a movable armature 11 adapted to move relative to the fixed yoke 10 between two positions , an open position ( Figure 1A ) and a closed position ( figure 1C ).
  • the electromagnetic actuator also comprises a control coil 3 controlled by a control current in order to move the mobile armature 11 from its open position to its closed position and a return spring 4 positioned between its fixed yoke 10 and its mobile armature 11 to move the movable armature 11 from its closed position to its open position.
  • the movable member is for example a movable double break bridge carrying two movable contacts 21 movable between two states, an open state and a closed state, according to the position of the movable armature 11 of the actuator 1.
  • the electrical apparatus comprises a pole spring 5 for crushing the movable contacts 21 against the fixed contacts 20 when the movable armature 11 is in the closed position.
  • the invention described below will be able to operate with a simple rupture type mobile member.
  • Figures 1A to 1D show only one pole of the electrical switch device. It should be understood that the invention applies to all the poles of the apparatus.
  • the movable armature 11 is in its closing stroke by injecting a control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
  • the control current must be sufficient to counter the effort provided. by the return spring 4.
  • the movable contacts 21 are brought to the closed state by the actuator 1 but the pole spring 5 is not biased.
  • the movable armature 11 completes its closing stroke and is kept in its closed position relative to the fixed yoke 10 by injecting a sufficient control current into the control coil 3 of the actuator 1.
  • the return spring 4 is compressed to the maximum between the movable armature 11 and the fixed breech 10.
  • the movable contacts 21 are kept in the closed state and are crushed against the fixed contacts 20 by means of the pole spring 5 which is compressed by the actuator 1. The forces are distributed over all the parts of the mechanism of the device, including their envelopes.
  • the pole springs 5 will be more or less compressed and the force provided by the actuator 1 will be more or less important. Indeed, the less the contacts 20, 21 are worn, the more pole springs 5 are compressed and therefore the force provided by the actuator 1 to compress these springs must be important. The deformations experienced by the mechanism and the envelope will also be larger.
  • the principle of the invention consists in using a piezoelectric sensor to detect a duration of closure of the contacts and to deduce the evolution of wear of the contacts over time.
  • the invention consists in particular in using a piezoelectric sensor 6 of the PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or PVDF-TrFe type.
  • This type of sensor is particularly thin and flexible, which allows it to be easily integrated on any type of product, even if the product has no significant surface or free volume.
  • PVDF or PVDF-TrFe sensors can be easily integrated, for example by simply gluing, at the most relevant location, using a volume extremely weak (thickness ⁇ 100um). It is resistant to mechanical aggression and is autonomous in energy: it provides the energy needed to process information by transforming the vibration it receives into an electrical signal. Its geometry can also be modified to adapt to technical constraints, the design of electrodes deposited by printing or PVD being easily modifiable.
  • the metal electrodes are deposited on the piezoelectric material (PVDF film or PVDF-TrFe) by ink deposition (printing, spin coating) or PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) metal deposition. The same pattern is deposited on each side of the PVDF film. These two electrodes make it possible to recover and transmit the voltage generated during the mechanical stressing of the film.
  • the invention thus consists in integrating this sensor 6 on a switch electrical apparatus where significant shocks and mechanical vibrations are present.
  • the sensor can easily detect these shocks and vibrations by sending an electrical signal representing the electrical signature of the device. This signal must then be analyzed by signal processing to be usable.
  • the sensor can be integrated from the manufacture of the product or a posteriori with for example a remote wear diagnostic solution.
  • the sensor 6 can for example be fixed on the housing 7 of the electrical apparatus, outside of it ( Figures 1C and 1D ).
  • the sensor 6 is fixed by gluing on the product casing (non-intrusive integration).
  • the senor 6 is used to determine the degree of wear of the contacts of the electrical switch device.
  • the invention consists in fixing the PVDF PVDF-TrFe piezoelectric sensor on the electrical switch apparatus, preferably on its housing 7, outside thereof.
  • the sensor 6 is connected to a processing unit UC intended to collect the voltages generated at the output of the sensor and to process them to formulate a diagnosis of the electrical switch device analyzed.
  • the processing unit UC can be integrated into the electrical switch device or outside it.
  • a learning step is first implemented by the processing unit UC, using a determination module, to determine a reference duration Tref ( figure 1C ) closing the contacts and, with the aid of a memory module, for storing this reference duration Tref.
  • This reference period Tref is preferably determined when the electrical contacts are new. On the figure 2 , it corresponds to the duration between an initial instant T0 (always identical, for example when the voltage is still zero at the output of the sensor) and an instant corresponding to the peak of the voltage Vref measured by the sensor 6 fixed on the electrical switch device .
  • the processing unit UC stores the reference duration Tref.
  • the processing unit UC switches to normal operating mode.
  • the processing unit UC monitors the displacement of the peak voltage in time, this voltage peak being representative at each cycle of the instant of closure of the electrical contacts and therefore the duration of closure of the contacts electric (compared to T0). Over time, the difference between the closing time Ti determined and the reference duration Tref increases, which means that the wear of the contacts increases.
  • the processing unit comprises a module M1 for determining the instant of closing of the electrical contacts from the peak of the voltage Vi obtained at the output of the sensor 6 (see curve Vi on the figure 2 ). For example, at each cycle or randomly, the closing time Ti of the contacts (determined with respect to T0) is injected into a comparison module M2 of the processing unit UC.
  • This comparison module M2 compares the closing time Ti with the reference duration Tref, for example by calculating the difference.
  • the processing unit UC is then arranged to determine a degree of wear of the electrical contacts 20, 21.
  • the difference or degree determined is compared with a stored threshold value S1. If this threshold value S1 is exceeded, the processing unit UC is arranged to generate an output signal Sout synonymous with the wear of the contacts being pronounced and that the apparatus must then be replaced ( Figure 1 D) .
  • the solution of the invention thus has many advantages. It is easy to implement because the sensor can be simply stuck on the housing of the electrical device. The processing of the voltages obtained at the output is easy and the switching times can be easily detected. Moreover, the sensor has the advantage of being very insensitive to the type of support on which the device is mounted or to the disturbances of its environment. The opening-closing cycles of a neighboring contactor are, for example, not detected and do not disturb the measurements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Verschleißes der elektrischen Kontakte eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts, welches ein Gehäuse (7) aufweist, das einen oder mehrere Leistungspole umschließt, die jeweils mit wenigstens einem beweglichen Kontakt (21) ausgestattet sind, der von einem entsprechenden festen Kontakt (20) trennbar ist und von einem Aktuator (1) zwischen einer offenen Position und einer geschlossenen Position betätigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bestimmen einer Referenzdauer (Tref) des Schließens der elektrischen Kontakte, wenn die elektrischen Kontakte neu sind,
    - Speichern der bestimmten Referenzdauer (Tref),
    - Bestimmen wenigstens einer Schließdauer (Ti) der elektrischen Kontakte,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Referenzdauer (Tref) der Dauer zwischen einem Anfangszeitpunkt und einem Zeitpunkt entspricht, der einer Spannungsspitze entspricht, die mithilfe eines piezoelektrischen Sensors (6) erfasst wird, der an dem elektrischen Schaltgerät befestigt ist,
    - die Schließdauer (Ti) der Dauer zwischen dem Anfangszeitpunkt und einem Zeitpunkt entspricht, der einer Spannungsspitze entspricht, die am Ausgang des piezoelektrischen Sensors (6) erfasst wird, und dadurch, dass
    - das Verfahren einen Schritt des Vergleichens der bestimmten Schließdauer (Ti) mit der Referenzdauer (Tref) zum Bestimmen eines Verschleißgrades der elektrischen Kontakte umfasst.
  2. System zur Bestimmung des Verschleißes der elektrischen Kontakte eines elektrischen Schaltgeräts, welches ein Gehäuse (7) aufweist, das einen oder mehrere Leistungspole umschließt, die jeweils mit wenigstens einem beweglichen Kontakt (21) ausgestattet sind, der von einem entsprechenden festen Kontakt (20) trennbar ist und von einem Aktuator (1) zwischen einer offenen Position und einer geschlossenen Position betätigt wird, wobei das System eine Verarbeitungseinheit umfasst und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    - es einen piezoelektrischen Sensor umfasst, der an dem elektrischen Schaltgerät befestigt ist, und dadurch, dass die Verarbeitungseinheit umfasst:
    - ein Modul zur Bestimmung einer Referenzdauer (Tref) des Schließens der elektrischen Kontakte, wenn die elektrischen Kontakte neu sind,
    - ein Modul zur Speicherung der bestimmten Referenzdauer (Tref),
    - ein Modul zur Bestimmung (M1) wenigstens einer Schließdauer (Ti) der elektrischen Kontakte,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Referenzdauer (Tref) der Dauer zwischen einem Anfangszeitpunkt und einem Zeitpunkt entspricht, der einer Spannungsspitze entspricht, die mithilfe eines piezoelektrischen Sensors (6) erfasst wird, der an dem elektrischen Schaltgerät befestigt ist,
    - die Schließdauer (Ti) der Dauer zwischen dem Anfangszeitpunkt und einem Zeitpunkt entspricht, der einer Spannungsspitze entspricht, die am Ausgang des piezoelektrischen Sensors (6) erfasst wird, und dadurch, dass
    - das System ein Modul zum Vergleichen (M2) der bestimmten Schließdauer (Ti) mit der Referenzdauer (Tref) zum Bestimmen eines Verschleißgrades der elektrischen Kontakte umfasst.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der piezoelektrische Sensor (6) an der Oberfläche des Gehäuse des elektrischen Schaltgeräts befestigt ist.
  4. System nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der piezoelektrische Sensor vom Typ PVDF oder PVDF-TrFe ist.
EP15175514.7A 2014-07-17 2015-07-06 Verfahren zur bestimmung des verschleisses von elektrischen kontakten eines elektrischen schaltgeräts Active EP2975622B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1456888A FR3023963B1 (fr) 2014-07-17 2014-07-17 Procede de determination de l'usure des contacts electriques d'un appareil electrique interrupteur

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EP2975622A1 EP2975622A1 (de) 2016-01-20
EP2975622B1 true EP2975622B1 (de) 2017-06-07

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FR (1) FR3023963B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3060758B1 (fr) 2016-12-16 2021-01-08 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede et dispositif de diagnostic d'usure d'un appareil electrique de coupure, et appareil electrique comportant un tel dispositif
FR3069064B1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2022-02-11 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de commutation electrique et procede de detection d'usure associe
IT201800002759A1 (it) * 2018-02-16 2019-08-16 Faiveley Transport Italia Spa Procedimento per la misurazione di un tempo di risposta di un dispositivo di commutazione.
FR3083915A1 (fr) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-17 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Procede de detection d'une pression de contact insuffisante dans un appareil de coupure, dispositif pour la mise en œuvre d'un tel procede, et appareil de coupure comportant un tel dispositif
CN114019366B (zh) * 2021-11-05 2024-01-16 苏州迪芬德物联网科技有限公司 电器元件触点损耗评估方法

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JPH0690892B2 (ja) * 1988-03-14 1994-11-14 株式会社日立製作所 ガス絶縁開閉機器の通電異常検出装置
DE4427006A1 (de) 1994-07-29 1996-02-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
JPH11354341A (ja) * 1998-06-11 1999-12-24 Toshiba Corp 負荷時タップ切換器の監視装置
DE19945058A1 (de) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-22 Moeller Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer der Schaltkontakte in einem elektrischen Schaltgerät und ein elektrisches Schaltgerät mit einer Auswerteeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10260248B4 (de) * 2002-12-20 2005-07-21 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes und zugehörige Anordnung

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FR3023963A1 (fr) 2016-01-22
FR3023963B1 (fr) 2018-03-09
EP2975622A1 (de) 2016-01-20

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