EP2963994B1 - Améliorations relatives à des fours électriques - Google Patents

Améliorations relatives à des fours électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2963994B1
EP2963994B1 EP15174911.6A EP15174911A EP2963994B1 EP 2963994 B1 EP2963994 B1 EP 2963994B1 EP 15174911 A EP15174911 A EP 15174911A EP 2963994 B1 EP2963994 B1 EP 2963994B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
heating
heating means
thermostat
cavity
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EP15174911.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2963994A1 (fr
Inventor
Patrick Collins
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AGA Rangemaster Ltd
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AGA Rangemaster Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0258—For cooking
    • H05B1/0261—For cooking of food
    • H05B1/0263—Ovens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/046—Ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/08—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24C7/087—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of electric circuits regulating heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in electric ovens, and in particular to range style cookers that incorporate one or more ovens and optionally a hob primarily and which are intended for domestic cooking use.
  • United States Patent number 3358122 discloses a thermostatic control system for an electric oven.
  • heat-storage type cookers Another type of domestic cooker is known as heat-storage type cookers. Perhaps the most well known and loved are the applicant's own Aga and Rayburn Ranges ofheat storage cookers. These cookers differ from the pressed steel type because the oven walls are formed of a thick material with high specific heat capacity so that the walls have a relatively high thermal mass. The cavity does not contain a heating element, and the walls also are not provided with a direct heating element. Instead the one or more ovens are in thermal contact with a system of ducts communicating with a combustion chamber which serves as heat source.
  • the combustion chamber is fed with a solid fuel, or, and more commonly nowadays, with fuels such as kerosene, natural gas or propane.
  • a solid fuel or, and more commonly nowadays, with fuels such as kerosene, natural gas or propane.
  • heat from the store passes underneath the top of the cooker on the way toward heating the oven cavities or on a return path to the heat store.
  • the top of the cooker comprises a hob (sometimes called a stovetop or cooktop in some countries, the three terms being interchangeable) that is provided with, typically, two circular cast iron plates.
  • the heat raises the temperature of the underside of the cast iron plates, making the top of the plates heat up due to conduction.
  • the plates can then be used as heating zones to heat pans.
  • Insulated lids are provided which cover the plates when not used for cooking, retaining most of the heat in the plates but allowing some warmth to escape.
  • One of the plates is closer to the heat source than the other and will heat up to a higher temperature suitable for boiling water in a pan, the other heating up to a lower temperature suitable for simmering water in a pan. They are sometimes called the hotplate and simmer plate for this reason.
  • the cookers are usually left on for extended periods so they are ready to use at meal times. This style of cooking is very different to cooking with a sheet steel cooker, and many people feel that food cooked in a range cooker is preferable.
  • a beneficial side effect of the heat stored in the cast iron of the ovens and heating plates is that a gentle background heat is emitted constantly which gives the room in which it is located a cosy warm feel.
  • the top of the stove may be insulated from the stored heat and a conventional electric hob may be provided, perhaps using ceramic heating elements.
  • a conventional electric hob may be provided, perhaps using ceramic heating elements.
  • An object ofthe present invention is to introduce some ofthe benefits of a heat storage cooker into a non-heat storage cooker, in particular the ability to have the ovens at the cooking temperature in a speedy manner.
  • the invention provides a range cooker according to claim 1.
  • the first heating means may be associated with two thermostats, each with a different switching temperature (the "set point " of the thermostat), the user operable input means permitting a user to select between two different temperature settings, whereby for a given temperature setting the user input means selects a corresponding one of the two thermostats to connect the heating elements to the power source.
  • the second heating means may be associated with two thermostats, each with a different switching temperature and each associated with one of two temperature settings selectable by the user operable input device which causes the associated thermostat to selectively connect the heating elements to the power source.
  • the user operable input device varies the temperature at which the heating elements are isolated from the power source. This allows the oven cavity to be rapidly heated in two stages to the user's choice of two pre-set temperatures.
  • the associated thermostat of the first heating means may have a switching temperature of between 20 and 40 degrees Centigrade below the chosen preset temperature. This reduction should be chosen so that there is relatively little overshoot, or no overshoot in the preset temperature caused by the heat from the first heating means after power has been shut off. With electrical heating elements, heat typically does not stop being emitted the instant that power is cut off, especially so with high power resistive heating elements.
  • the user operable input device may enable the user to select a third temperature setting in which the oven cavity is unheated, and in this setting may cause the first heating means and the second heating means to be isolated from the power supply.
  • the user operable input device may comprise one or more mechanical switches that vary the electrical connection of the heating means to the power sources, and vary which of the thermostats associated with the heating elements of each heating means is used to control the power supplied to the heating elements.
  • the input device may produce one or more control signals that are fed to a control unit, the control unit in turn causing one or more switches to open or close as required to provide the desired configuration of the electrical circuit connecting the heating elements and thermostats to the power supply.
  • the first temperature setting may correspond to a temperature suitable for baking food stuff. It may correspond to a temperature of between 230 and 260 degrees Centigrade.
  • the second temperature setting may correspond to a temperature suitable for roasting foodstuffs. It may for example correspond to a temperature in a range of 170 and 200 degrees Centigrade.
  • the first heating means may be associated with two selectable thermostats with switching temperatures of approximately 150 degrees Centigrade and 190 degrees Centigrade.
  • the former may be in operation when in the roasting setting, the later for the backing setting.
  • the first heating means comprises higher power rated elements than the second heating means, or at least a set of elements that together have a higher power rating than the second set of heating elements. This allows the first heating means, which switches off earlier during heating, to provide a rapid heating effect.
  • the first heating means may comprise one, or preferably two, elements of between 500 and 1000 Watts.
  • the second heating means may comprise one, or preferably two, elements of between 200 and 400 Watts.
  • the heating elements may comprise resistive heating elements. They may comprise at least one resistive heating element that is embedded or fixed to a cast iron support. The use of a cast iron support helps provide radiant heat into the cavity in a manner similar to a traditional cast iron heat storage cooker.
  • the heating elements may be located inside the oven cavity.
  • the or each thermostat may comprise a hydraulic thermostat, by which we mean that the thermostat opens and closes in response to the change in temperature of a volume of liquid or gas contained within the thermostat.
  • the thermostat may be closed providing a path for current relatively unhindered through the thermostat.
  • the switch Above the switching temperature, the switch may open, breaking the path and completely or partially preventing current flow.
  • thermostat as used in this specification to cover any form of control device that opens and closes as a function of temperature around a set point to selectively cause current to flow through a heating element (and hence selectively control the heat output of the element).
  • the thermostat or at least a part of the thermostat that senses the temperature, may be located within the oven cavity.
  • the range cooker may additionally include a second oven cavity, which may also be provided with a heating means that is controlled by the user operable input device.
  • the heating means of the second oven cavity may be controlled by a thermostat, and may be configured when set to a mode where heating is being demanded to be held at a constant temperature.
  • the second oven cavity when heated, may be held at a temperature suitable for simmering water, for instance between 95 and 110 degrees Centrigrade.
  • the range cooker may include a hob having at least one heating zone. This may be covered by a lid, in the manner of a traditional range cooker where an insulated lid would be used to prevent heat loss from the heating zone when not in use to cook foods.
  • the heating zone may be heated by one or more electrical heating elements.
  • the elements may be loaded on or embedded within, a cast iron plate which may form part of a wall of the oven cavity.
  • the heating zone may be selectively set to one oftwo different heating temperatures. This may be controlled by the user operable input device, or a second user operable input device.
  • Having separate user operable input devices for the cavities and the hob may be simpler for the user to operate.
  • the input devices may comprise one or more rotary knobs located towards the front and top of the range cooker.
  • the invention provides a method of operating a range cooker ofthe kind comprising at least one oven cavity which is accessed through a door according to Claim 11.
  • a range cooker for domestic use comprises a body 100, or chassis, which in this example is a relatively slim 60cm wide. Other widths are possible, with a width of 90cm, 110 cm, 140cm or more being commonly chosen to fit with the standard sizes ofunits of a typical fitted kitchen.
  • the body 100 houses two oven cavities 110, 120 (shown in broken line in Figure 1 ), each of which is accessed through a respective door 130, 140 secured to the body along one edge by a pair ofhinges.
  • Each cavity 110, 120 is surrounded by insulating material (not shown) so that heat input to the cavity cannot escape, and the door is also insulated.
  • the oven cavities are arranged one above the other in this embodiment and for convenience will be referred to as the top oven (cavity) 110 and the bottom oven (cavity) 120.
  • first heating means 150 and a second heating means 160 each comprising multiple resistive heating elements.
  • Each one of the elements has a defined heat rating, the higher the rating the more heat is output from the element when it is connected to a power supply.
  • Each element has an input and an output from which leads extend that allow them to be connected together to form an electrical circuit.
  • the top oven includes the following heating elements that together define the first and second heating means:
  • thermostats Associated with the elements of the first heating means 150 are two thermostats. One has a switching temperature or set point (where it changes from closed to open) of 148 degrees Centigrade, the other 192 degrees Centigrade.
  • two further thermostats associated with the two elements of the second heating means 160 are two further thermostats.
  • One has a switching temperature or set point of 246 degrees Centigrade, the other 180 degrees Centigrade.
  • the bottom oven also contains heating elements, in this example one 600 watt and one 300 watt element.
  • heating elements in this example one 600 watt and one 300 watt element.
  • a single thermostat is associated with the bottom oven with a set point of 110 degrees Centigrade.
  • a set of user operable switches Connecting the various heating elements and the thermostats 150, 160, 170 to the power supply are a set of user operable switches.
  • the position of these switches is controlled by a user operable input device in the form of a rotary knob 180 located on the front of the housing.
  • a user operable input device in the form of a rotary knob 180 located on the front of the housing.
  • different combinations of the heating elements and thermostats 150, 160, 170 can be connected to the power supply by selectively opening and closing the switches.
  • a thermostat In each configuration, apart from the OFF position, there is always one thermostat connected in series between a heating element and the power supply (either to the positive or earth side of the power supply). Thus, when that thermostat is closed current flows in the heating element and when open the current is cut off from the heating element.
  • a hotplate (not shown) that is located under an insulated lid 190.
  • a full size pan support (not shown), which extends the working surface so that the user has a more control of the cooking process by moving the pan further or closer to the heat source.
  • the hotplate includes three heating elements: a 2100 W heating element, and two 200W heating elements. These are connected to a power supply through two thermostats, each with a different set point. In this example one has a set point of 180 degrees Centigrade and the other 350 degrees Centigrade. A third thermostat, with a higher 360 degree Centigrade set point, is also provided and functions as an over temperature safety switch.
  • a second user operable input device for controlling the hotplate which includes a set of mechanical switches.
  • the device is in the form of a rotary control knob 180b, and allows the user to select three positions (including off) high power boil plate elements (3) or lower power, simmer plate elements (2).
  • Thermostatic control allows the hotplate to be permanently left on, in either boiling plate mode or simmer plate mode, with either the lid up or down.
  • the hotplate elements, thermostats and user operable control device are also shown in the circuit diagram of Figure 2 of the drawings.
  • the hotplate and oven cavities 110, 120 operate in the manner set out below. This should be read in conjunction with Figures 3 and 4 which show the position of the switches of the circuit corresponding to different settings of the user operable input devices.
  • the user can select one of three settings or modes using the second user operable input device-OFF, Low (simmer) and High (boil).
  • Figure 4 shows the position of the associated switches for each setting.
  • the hotplate thermostat that has the 180 degree Centigrade rating (if simmer selected) or the thermostat that has the 350 degree Centigrade set point (if boiling selected) limits the full power.
  • the thermostat phial cools and full power is again applied to the elements.
  • the hotplate When the plate selector is in an On position, the hotplate is ready for use immediately heat is required, kept up to temperature by the hotplate thermostat control of the current supplied to the heating elements.
  • the temperate that is maintained will vary depending on the setting of the user operable input device/hotplate selector switch.
  • Hotplate Selector switch set to 'Low' Simmer (2300W, 180 degrees Centigrade, maintenance rate 200W)
  • the thermostat B11 - 12 opens, which turns the 2100W plate element off.
  • the low temperature 200W heating element remains under power, keeping the temperature steady at the required 180 degrees Centigrade. This is achieved through careful selection of the rate of heat loss through the lid when closed, which together with other sources of heat loss should balance the heat output from the 200W heating element.
  • the low power 200W heat element cannot maintain temperature of the plate on its own.
  • the plate thermostat B11-12 closes in response to the temperature dropping and this causes power to be applied to the high power 2100W plate on element until 180 degrees Centigrade is reached again. This temperature is maintained by cycling of the thermostat.
  • the 360 degrees Centigrade thermostat provides overheat protection and is positioned in the Neutral.
  • Hotplate Selector switch set to 'High' Boil (2500W, 350 degrees Centigrade, maintenance rate 400W)
  • thermostat contacts B21 - 22 opensturning the 2100W plate element off. 2 ⁇ 200W plate elements maintain temperature.
  • a 360 degrees Centigrade thermostat provides overheat protection and is positioned in the Neutral.
  • the two oven cavities have three cooking mode or temperature settings as follows, each selected by the user opening the input device/oven selector switch.
  • the three modes of operation are:
  • the top cavity can be OFF, at high temperature, or at low temperature.
  • the bottom cavity can be off or set at a simmer temperature.
  • the high temperature, low temperature and simmer temperature are all different set temperatures.
  • the lower cavity has a single function and is a dedicated low temperature simmer oven.
  • the single base mounted heating element is controlled in the traditional way using a basic thermostat.
  • the upper cavity has two selectable functions of High temp or Low temp cooking.
  • the high power elements (2 ⁇ 1.5kW made up of the 600 W and 300 W elements all being switched on) mounted at the top and at the base of the oven, heat both the cavity and raise the cast iron temperature rapidly to a preset temperature.
  • the pre-set thermostat opens, it leaves the 2 ⁇ 300W elements in circuit until the oven the cavity attains its normal set operating temperature, a second thermostat maintains the oven cavity temperature. Should the oven lose heat through leaving the door open, or a large amount of food being placed inside, the large temperature drop will result in maximum power until set temperature are achieved.
  • thermostat contacts B31-32 open turning the 2 ⁇ 600W top elements and the 2 ⁇ 600W base elements off.
  • auxiliary oven thermostat powers the 300W top element and the 300W base element.
  • thermostat B11-12 opens and turns the 2 ⁇ 600W top elements and the 2 ⁇ 600W base elements off.
  • P2 - 4 closes on selector switch, the live is supplied to 1 - 2 on the simmer oven thermostat and powers the 1 ⁇ 600W element and the 1 ⁇ 300W lower base element.
  • thermostat 1-2 Cycling to maintain temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Piano de cuisine en fonte comprenant :
    au moins une cavité de four (110) à laquelle l'accès se fait par une porte (130) ;
    un premier moyen de chauffage (150) comprenant au moins un élément chauffant électrique qui chauffe sélectivement l'intérieur de la cavité (110), le au moins un élément chauffant étant sélectivement raccordé à une alimentation de puissance en série avec au moins un premier thermostat,
    un second moyen de chauffage (160) comprenant au moins un élément chauffant électrique qui chauffe sélectivement l'intérieur de la cavité (110), le au moins un élément chauffant pouvant être sélectivement raccordé à une alimentation de puissance en série avec au moins un second thermostat qui commute à une température plus élevée que le premier thermostat,
    un dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) qui possède au moins deux réglages de température sélectionnables par l'utilisateur pour la cavité du four (110), dont au moins l'un correspond à la cavité (110) qui est chauffée à une température prédéfinie correspondant à la température de commutation du second thermostat,
    dans lequel le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180), lorsqu'il est dans l'au moins un réglage de température, amène les deux moyens de chauffage (150 ; 160) à être raccordés à la source de puissance afin que lors du chauffage initial, les deux moyens de chauffage (150 ; 160) appliquent une chaleur à la cavité (110) jusqu'à ce que la température de commutation du thermostat du premier moyen de chauffage (150) soit atteinte et que le premier moyen de chauffage (150) soit éteint, ensuite le chauffage se poursuivant à l'aide du second moyen de chauffage (160) jusqu'à ce que la température de commutation du second thermostat soit atteinte,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) fait varier la température à laquelle les éléments chauffants sont isolés de la source de puissance en choisissant entre deux thermostats pour chaque moyen de chauffage.
  2. Piano de cuisine selon la revendication 1, ledit premier moyen de chauffage (150) étant associé à deux thermostats, chacun avec une température de commutation différente (le "point de consigne" du thermostat), le moyen d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) permettant à un utilisateur de sélectionner entre deux réglages de température différents, moyennant quoi, pour un réglage de température donné, le moyen d'entrée d'utilisateur (180) sélectionne l'un correspondant des deux thermostats pour raccorder les éléments chauffants à la source de puissance.
  3. Piano de cuisine selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, ledit second moyen de chauffage (160) étant associé à deux thermostats, chacun avec une température de commutation différente et chacun associé à l'un des deux réglages de température sélectionnables par le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) qui amène le thermostat associé à raccorder sélectivement les éléments chauffants à la source de puissance.
  4. Piano de cuisine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, quel que soit le réglage de température choisi, ledit thermostat associé du premier moyen de chauffage (150) possédant une température de commutation comprise entre 20 et 40 degrés centigrades en dessous de la température préalablement réglée choisie.
  5. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente, ledit dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) permettant à l'utilisateur de sélectionner un troisième réglage de température dans lequel la cavité de four (110) n'est pas chauffée, et dans ce réglage amenant le premier moyen de chauffage (150) et le second moyen de chauffage (160) à être isolés de l'alimentation de puissance.
  6. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 2, ledit premier réglage de température correspondant à une température appropriée pour cuire des denrées alimentaires.
  7. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente lorsqu'elle dépend de la revendication 2, ledit deuxième réglage de température correspondant à une température appropriée pour rôtir des denrées alimentaires.
  8. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente, ledit premier moyen de chauffage (150) comprenant des éléments de puissance nominale plus élevée que le second moyen de chauffage (160), ou comprenant un ensemble d'éléments qui, ensemble, possèdent une puissance nominale plus élevée que le second ensemble d'éléments chauffants.
  9. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente, lesdits éléments chauffants comprenant des éléments chauffants résistifs.
  10. Piano de cuisine selon une quelconque revendication précédente, qui comprend également une seconde cavité de four (120), qui peut également être dotée d'un moyen de chauffage (170) qui est commandé par le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180).
  11. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un piano de cuisine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes de :
    fourniture d'un premier moyen de chauffage (150) comprenant au moins un élément chauffant électrique qui chauffe sélectivement l'intérieur de la cavité (110), le au moins un élément chauffant étant sélectivement raccordé à une alimentation de puissance en série avec au moins un premier thermostat,
    fourniture d'un second moyen de chauffage (160) comprenant au moins un élément chauffant électrique qui chauffe sélectivement l'intérieur de la cavité (110), le au moins un élément chauffant pouvant être raccordé sélectivement à une alimentation de puissance en série avec au moins un second thermostat qui commute à une température plus élevée que le premier thermostat,
    fourniture d'un dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) qui possède au moins un réglage de température sélectionnable par l'utilisateur pour la cavité de four (110) qui correspond à la cavité (110) qui est chauffée à une température prédéfinie correspondant à la température de commutation du second thermostat, dans lequel, lors de l'utilisation avec le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) dans l'au moins un réglage de température, amène les deux moyens de chauffage (150 ; 160) à être raccordés à la source de puissance afin que, lors du chauffage initial, les deux moyens de chauffage (150 ; 160) appliquent de la chaleur à la cavité (110) jusqu'à ce que la température de commutation du thermostat du premier moyen de chauffage (150) soit atteinte et que le premier moyen de chauffage (150) soit éteint, ensuite le chauffage se poursuivant à l'aide du second moyen de chauffage (160) jusqu'à ce que la température de commutation du second thermostat soit atteinte,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entrée actionnable par l'utilisateur (180) fait varier la température à laquelle les éléments chauffants sont isolés de la source de puissance en choisissant entre deux thermostats pour chaque moyen de chauffage.
EP15174911.6A 2014-07-01 2015-07-01 Améliorations relatives à des fours électriques Active EP2963994B1 (fr)

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GBGB1411723.8A GB201411723D0 (en) 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 Improvements relating to electric ovens

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EP2963994A1 EP2963994A1 (fr) 2016-01-06
EP2963994B1 true EP2963994B1 (fr) 2021-11-24

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA3093355A1 (fr) 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Louis S. Polster Procedes et systemes de traitement thermique d'un produit alimentaire
CN107536493A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2018-01-05 安徽柏兆记食品股份有限公司 一种麻油蛋糕成型烘烤装置

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GB201511573D0 (en) 2015-08-12
EP2963994A1 (fr) 2016-01-06
GB201411723D0 (en) 2014-08-13
GB2530373B (en) 2017-05-03
GB2530373A (en) 2016-03-23

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