EP2956678B1 - Working cylinder having pressure medium flow transfer - Google Patents

Working cylinder having pressure medium flow transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2956678B1
EP2956678B1 EP14711141.3A EP14711141A EP2956678B1 EP 2956678 B1 EP2956678 B1 EP 2956678B1 EP 14711141 A EP14711141 A EP 14711141A EP 2956678 B1 EP2956678 B1 EP 2956678B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
circular ring
cylinder tube
side plate
seal
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EP14711141.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2956678A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Bueter
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Buemach Engineering International BV
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Buemach Engineering International BV
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F15B15/1452Piston sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/20Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors controlling several interacting or sequentially-operating members
    • F15B11/205Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors controlling several interacting or sequentially-operating members the position of the actuator controlling the fluid flow to the subsequent actuator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/149Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/22Synchronisation of the movement of two or more servomotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-acting hydraulic working cylinder with a pressure medium overflow between the working spaces, preferably in the end positions of the piston.
  • valve systems are arranged for pressure equalization between the working spaces in the end positions in pistons or piston rods of working cylinders, which usually have biased with springs valve body with a plunger.
  • the corresponding valve In the respective end position of the piston, the corresponding valve is opened by the plunger in contact with the inside of a closure part of the cylinder tube opens the valve and the pressure medium flows from one to the other working space.
  • a generic working piston-cylinder unit is from the document DE 30 13 381 C2 out.
  • the working piston in this case two operable by plunger valves are arranged, which are opened in each case shortly before the respective end stop of the piston on a closure part of the cylinder tube to connect the working space with the return port to prevent damage to the components.
  • valve spindles are unequal in length, whereby upon reaching the respective end position of the piston, a two-stage pressure equalization between the working spaces takes place.
  • the publication DE 10 2005 008 070 A1 has a hydraulic cylinder for the object whose piston has a valve arrangement for pressure equalization between the working spaces.
  • the valves are also opened in the vicinity of the end positions of the piston by means of plungers, so that pressure medium can flow over between the working spaces of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Another working cylinder is from the document SE 441 117 B known.
  • All said valve assemblies in the piston of a working cylinder have symmetrically designed valve assemblies that lift with the help of plungers shortly before reaching the respective end position of the piston biased with springs valve body from the seat, a connection between the work spaces is prepared and for pressure equalization, an overflow of the pressure medium takes place.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a structurally favorable solution for a definable pressure medium overflow between the working spaces of a double-acting hydraulic working cylinder in definable positions, in particular in the end positions of the piston.
  • An inventive cylinder according to claim 1 allows a pressure medium flow between the working spaces in both directions.
  • An inventive cylinder according to claim 2 with Druckmediumüberströmung between the working spaces has a cylinder tube with connections for supplying and discharging a pressure medium, a bottom closure part, a guide closure part, two working spaces, a piston rod which is guided in the guide closure part, a piston which is connected to the piston rod connected and guided in the cylinder tube and separates by means of seals two working spaces in the cylinder tube.
  • the working cylinder according to the invention is characterized in that the piston has a first side plate and a second side plate and a central portion between the first and second side plate and a first and a second annular elastic seal, wherein the first Seal on the first side plate is arranged axially in the direction of the second side plate and is supported on one side by the first side plate, while the second seal on the second side plate is arranged axially in the direction of the first side plate and is supported on one side by the second side plate.
  • the annular space enclosed axially between the two seals and radially between the middle section of the piston and the cylinder tube wall is referred to below as the piston center space.
  • Each of the seals is deformed differently depending on the direction of the pressurization and thus has a different sealing behavior depending on the direction of the pressure gradient.
  • the seal When pressurizing in the direction of the central portion, ie at a higher pressure in the working space than in the piston center space, the seal deforms by the pressure-related force application to the axial edge of the elastic annular seal towards the central portion.
  • a gap is formed between the cylinder surface facing the radial surface of the seal and the Zylinderrohrinnenwandung.
  • a cross section is opened, which allows a pressure medium transfer on the working space in the piston central space and thus a pressure compensation.
  • the height of the pressure gradient between the working space and the piston center space, from which a pressure fluid transfer occurs, can be adjusted by the geometry and the material properties of the relevant elastic seal application.
  • Each of the seals thus behaves like a valve, the opening direction and closing direction of both seals being opposite to each other. If, for example, a higher pressure prevails in the first working space than in the second working space, the seal facing the first working space allows pressure medium to pass into the piston center space, while the seal facing the second working space is supported by the second side disk and behaves in a sealing manner and no pressure medium passage between the piston central space and the second working space permits. As a result, there is no pressure medium transfer from the first working space into the second working space.
  • the cylinder tube has a first and a second recess, wherein the first recess is arranged axially so that the first seal is positioned in a first end position of the piston over the first recess and by means of the first recess between the first seal and cylinder tube, a first overflow cross section opens.
  • the second recess is axially arranged so that the second seal is positioned in a second end position of the piston over the second recess and opens a second overflow cross section by means of the second recess between the second seal and cylinder tube.
  • Such an overflow cross section can preferably be provided by an annular groove-like depression of the cylinder tube inner wall or a conical expansion;
  • the cylinder tube inner wall at least in sections springs back so far that the relevant sealing ring and, if appropriate, the side window assigned to this sealing ring no longer bears completely against the cylinder tube inner wall.
  • an overflow position shown on the example of a first end position, so that the sealing of the first seal between the piston central space and the first working space, so the working space with the lower pressure, repealed.
  • the pressure medium can flow from the piston center space via the first overflow cross section into the first working space.
  • the pressure in the piston central space drops to the pressure of the first working chamber.
  • elastic deformation of the second seal toward the center portion occurs; the second seal opens and there is a resulting overflow from the second working space via the gap between the second seal and cylinder tube inner wall in the piston central space and from there via the first overflow cross section in the first working space.
  • the overcurrent can take place until, for example, leakage losses from the pressure medium system assigned to the first working space are compensated for and pressure equalization is again established.
  • the operation in the second end position is corresponding.
  • the end position in the sense of an overflow position can also be understood to be a different position than corresponds to the stroke end position predetermined by the cylinder. This may be the case, for example, when the means driven by the working cylinder do not permit movement of the piston all the way in the cylinder tube or require overflow at another position.
  • the simple design of the piston has a particularly advantageous effect, since it has no additional mechanically moving components which require special machining of the piston and assembly work. It is achieved an overflow in both directions between the working spaces, wherein the overflow direction is determined by the piston position.
  • An alternative inventive working cylinder according to claim 2 allows a pressure medium flow between the work spaces in only one direction.
  • Such a cylinder initially has the same features and the same operation as a working cylinder according to claim 1, so that here is the description to claim 1, wherein the following differences exist.
  • the cylinder tube only has to have a recess. This recess corresponds to the second recess according to claim 1.
  • only one of the two seals must be formed as a first annular elastic seal, which is supported on one side by a first side window. The positioning of the recess defines an overflow position. In the overflow position, the second seal in height of the recess, so that over an overflow cross section corresponding to the second overflow cross section according to claim 1, pressure medium from the piston central space can pass into the separated by the second seal working space, which at the same time takes place a pressure compensation.
  • the overflow layer is preferably positioned in an end position, but can also be positioned in other cases at a different axial location, if on the way of the piston stroke, for example, depending on a particular piston position, an overflow possible, but excluded in an end position.
  • the second seal can be formed without the special features of the elastic deformability in connection with the one-sided support and the valve effect achieved thereby.
  • the pressure medium overflow in an overflow position is limited by at least one additional throttle.
  • the throttle is provided with very simple and interference-insensitive means in that an annular gap with a desired cross-section is provided by a suitable adaptation of the diameter of a side window to the inner diameter of the cylinder tube inner wall of the cylinder tube.
  • the width of the annular gap is dimensioned according to the required overflow of the pressure medium between the work spaces for the particular application.
  • both side windows are formed so that each a throttle is provided.
  • one throttle in each end position becomes active.
  • different throttle values in the two end positions can be defined as a particular advantage in this way.
  • a throttle which is formed by an annular gap between the first side window and the cylinder tube inner wall.
  • the elastic annular seals have a T-shaped cross-section.
  • a double-acting cylinder has a cylinder tube 1 with a first port 2 and second port 3 for supplying and discharging a pressure medium, a bottom closure part 4, a guide closure part 5, a piston rod 6, guided in a bore 7 with seals 8 in the guide closure part 5 and a piston 9, taken from the piston rod 6, which is guided in the cylinder tube 1 and the working spaces in the cylinder tube 1 separates.
  • the piston 9 consists of a first side window 10 and a second side window 11 and a middle section 12.
  • first annular elastic seal 13 Between the central portion 12 and the side windows 10; 11 is a respective first annular elastic seal 13 and a second annular elastic seal 14 is added.
  • the side windows 10; 11 have a diameter that is so far reduced compared to the inner diameter of the cylinder tube 1 that between a cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1 and the circumference of the side windows 10; 11, an annular gap 16 is formed whose width is dimensioned according to the required overflow of the pressure medium for pressure equalization between the working spaces, between the respective pressure-carrying piston chamber 17 or piston rod chamber 18 and the piston rod chamber 18 or the piston chamber 17, for the particular application.
  • the maximum outer diameter of the central portion 12 is at most equal to that of the side windows 10; 11th
  • a first recess 20 and second recess 21, in cooperation with the respective Side window 10; 11, the respective annular elastic seal 13; 14 and the central portion 12 form an overflow cross section for overflow of the pressure medium from the respective pressurized working space in the other working space in the end position of the piston 9.
  • Sectionally sectioned central portion 12 of the piston 9 has parallel to the vertical center axis 22 a circumferential collar 23 with double-sided shoulder 24 and a first annular groove 25 and a second annular groove 26.
  • the annular elastic seals 13; 14 are like in Fig. 3 shown enlarged in section, T-shaped.
  • the first annular elastic seal 13 and between the central portion 12 and the second side window 11, the second annular elastic seal 14 by means of the respective annular collar 19.1; 19.2 on the side windows 10; 11 in cooperation with the respective annular groove 25; 26 held securely at the central portion 12 due to the T-shaped configuration.
  • the pressure medium previously located in the piston chamber 17 previously flowed via the second port 3 into the slave working cylinder. Due to leakage during operation of the system, the slave cylinder is not fully extended, so that pressure fluid must track and pressure equalization must be done.
  • the voltage applied in the piston rod space pressure of the pressure medium deforms the first annular elastic seal 13 in the direction of the facing side of the two-sided shoulder 24 at the central portion 12 so that the first annular elastic seal 13 lifts from the Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 of the cylinder tube 1 and forms a gap, and the pressure medium via the annular gap 16 between the first side window 10 and the cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1, said gap, the piston central space 27 in the region of the central portion 12 and the overflow cross section at the second recess 21 in the piston chamber 17 and further via the second port 3 flows to the slave cylinder and this extends completely.
  • the second annular elastic seal 14 and the second side plate 11 of the piston 9 are located in a position in the region of the second recess 21, so that a free space for overflow of the pressure medium is formed.
  • the pressure equalization between the working chambers of the working cylinder is then carried out by the located in the closed region of the cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1 elastic annular seal 13; 14 is deformed elastically on the circumference by the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressurized working space in the direction of the non-pressurized working space, whereby it is lifted from the inner shell 14 and the pressure medium, as described above, flows over.
  • a working cylinder has a Kochströmungsschwkeit only in one direction on.
  • Such a working cylinder substantially corresponds initially to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, although only the second recess 21 is formed. If the piston is in the end position on the bottom closure part 4, the pressure medium from the piston rod space 18 can deform the first annular elastic seal 13 so that it forms a gap to the cylinder tube inner wall 15, with which the pressure medium can pass into the piston middle space 27. From the piston middle space 27, the pressure medium passes over the overflow cross section between the second seal, which in the FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen doppeltwirkenden hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder mit einer Druckmediumüberströmung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen vorzugsweise in den Endlagen des Kolbens.The invention relates to a double-acting hydraulic working cylinder with a pressure medium overflow between the working spaces, preferably in the end positions of the piston.

Bei bestimmten Einsatzzwecken von Arbeitszylindern, wie Master-Slave-Systemen, hydraulisch betätigten Schaltern oder in Verbindung mit Hydrospeichern ist es erforderlich, in einer Endlage oder beiden Endlagen des Kolbens einen Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen zu ermöglichen, bzw. aus dem einen Druckraum in den anderen Druckraum Druckmittel zu überführen. Damit sollen beispielsweise Leckverluste ausgeglichen werden.In certain applications of working cylinders, such as master-slave systems, hydraulically actuated switches or in conjunction with hydraulic accumulators, it is necessary to allow in one end position or both end positions of the piston pressure equalization between the work spaces, or from one pressure chamber in the other Pressure chamber to transfer pressure medium. This should be compensated, for example, leakage.

Auf diese Weise wird erzielt, dass der Kolben des Arbeitszylinders stets in die Endlage fahren kann und dass dessen Funktion sowie auch die Funktion der angeschlossenen Mittel, wie beispielsweise eines Hydrospeichers sichergestellt ist.In this way it is achieved that the piston of the working cylinder can always go to the end position and that its function and the function of the connected means, such as a hydraulic accumulator is ensured.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind zum Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen in den Endlagen in Kolben oder Kolbenstangen von Arbeitszylindern angeordnete Ventilsysteme bekannt, die zumeist mit Federn vorgespannte Ventilkörper mit einem Stößel aufweisen. In der jeweiligen Endlage des Kolbens wird das entsprechende Ventil geöffnet, indem der Stößel im Kontakt mit der Innenseite eines Verschlussteils des Zylinderrohrs das Ventil öffnet und das Druckmedium vom einen zum anderen Arbeitsraum überströmt.From the prior art valve systems are arranged for pressure equalization between the working spaces in the end positions in pistons or piston rods of working cylinders, which usually have biased with springs valve body with a plunger. In the respective end position of the piston, the corresponding valve is opened by the plunger in contact with the inside of a closure part of the cylinder tube opens the valve and the pressure medium flows from one to the other working space.

Eine gattungsgemäße Arbeitskolben-Zylinder-Einheit geht aus der Druckschrift DE 30 13 381 C2 hervor. Im Arbeitskolben sind hierbei zwei durch Stößel betätigbare Ventile angeordnet, die jeweils kurz vor dem jeweiligen Endanschlag des Kolbens an einem Verschlussteil des Zylinderrohrs zur Verbindung des Arbeitsraums mit dem Rücklaufanschluss aufgesteuert werden, um Beschädigungen der Bauteile zu verhindern.A generic working piston-cylinder unit is from the document DE 30 13 381 C2 out. In the working piston in this case two operable by plunger valves are arranged, which are opened in each case shortly before the respective end stop of the piston on a closure part of the cylinder tube to connect the working space with the return port to prevent damage to the components.

Aus der Druckschrift DE 83 24 442 U1 geht die Anordnung eines Rückschlagventils im Kolben und einer inneren Verbindungsleitung im Kolben und der Kolbenstange einer doppeltwirkenden Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit zum Druckausgleich mit einem Hydrospeicher hervor. Die Hydrospeicherladung und der Druckmittelverlustausgleich zwischen dem Kolben- und Kolbenstangenraum erfolgt in der eingefahrenen Endlage des Kolbens bei Beaufschlagung mit einem Druckmittel über den Hauptanschluss des Arbeitszylinders.From the publication DE 83 24 442 U1 is the arrangement of a check valve in the piston and an inner connecting line in the piston and the piston rod of a double-acting piston-cylinder unit for pressure equalization with a hydraulic accumulator out. The hydraulic accumulator charge and the pressure medium loss compensation between the piston and piston rod chamber takes place in the retracted end position of the piston when subjected to a pressure medium via the main port of the working cylinder.

In der Druckschrift DE 12 79 908 A ist ein doppeltwirkender hydraulischer Hubzylinder mit beidseitig aus dem Kolben hervorstehenden Ventilspindeln bekannt. Die Ventilspindeln sind ungleich lang, wodurch beim Erreichen der jeweiligen Endlage des Kolbens ein zweistufiger Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen erfolgt.In the publication DE 12 79 908 A is a double-acting hydraulic lifting cylinder with both sides of the piston protruding valve spindles known. The valve spindles are unequal in length, whereby upon reaching the respective end position of the piston, a two-stage pressure equalization between the working spaces takes place.

Eine weitere Anordnung eines durch Stößel gesteuerten Ventils im Kolben eines Arbeitszylinders wird in der Druckschrift DE 2 245 129 A offenbart. In der Nähe der Endlagen des Kolbens öffnet der jeweilige Stößel im Kontakt mit der Innenwandung des Verschlussteils das Ventil, beide Arbeitsräume des Arbeitszylinders werden miteinander verbunden, wodurch mit dem Überströmen des Druckmittels der Druckausgleich erfolgt.Another arrangement of a controlled by plunger valve in the piston of a working cylinder is in the document DE 2 245 129 A disclosed. In the vicinity of the end positions of the piston of the respective plunger opens in contact with the inner wall of the closure member, the valve, both working chambers of the working cylinder are interconnected, whereby the overflow of the pressure medium, the pressure equalization takes place.

Die Druckschrift DE 10 2005 008 070 A1 hat einen Hydrozylinder zum Gegenstand, dessen Kolben eine Ventilanordnung zum Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen aufweist. Die Ventile werden in der Nähe der Endlagen des Kolbens ebenfalls mit Hilfe von Stößeln geöffnet, so dass Druckmittel zwischen den Arbeitsräumen des Hydrozylinders überströmen kann.The publication DE 10 2005 008 070 A1 has a hydraulic cylinder for the object whose piston has a valve arrangement for pressure equalization between the working spaces. The valves are also opened in the vicinity of the end positions of the piston by means of plungers, so that pressure medium can flow over between the working spaces of the hydraulic cylinder.

Ein anderer Arbeitszylinder ist aus der Druckschrift SE 441 117 B bekannt.Another working cylinder is from the document SE 441 117 B known.

Alle genannten Ventilanordnungen im Kolben eines Arbeitszylinders weisen symmetrisch ausgeführte Ventilanordnungen auf, die mit Hilfe von Stößeln kurz vor Erreichen der jeweiligen Endlage des Kolbens die mit Federn vorbelasteten Ventilkörper aus deren Sitz abheben, eine Verbindung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen hergestellt wird und zum Druckausgleich ein Überströmen des Druckmediums erfolgt.All said valve assemblies in the piston of a working cylinder have symmetrically designed valve assemblies that lift with the help of plungers shortly before reaching the respective end position of the piston biased with springs valve body from the seat, a connection between the work spaces is prepared and for pressure equalization, an overflow of the pressure medium takes place.

Der konstruktiv bedingte Aufwand und der relativ geringe Querschnitt zum Überströmen des Druckmittels sowie der durch die räumlichen Gegebenheiten im Kolben vorhandene Einbauraum der Ventilbauteile begrenzen den möglichen Einsatzbereich der beschriebenen Lösungen.The design-related effort and the relatively small cross-section to the overflow of the pressure medium as well as existing by the spatial conditions in the piston installation space of the valve components limit the potential application of the solutions described.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine konstruktiv günstige Lösung für eine definierbare Druckmediumüberströmung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen eines doppeltwirkenden hydraulischen Arbeitszylinders in definierbaren Lagen, insbesondere in den Endlagen des Kolbens zu entwickeln.The object of the invention is to develop a structurally favorable solution for a definable pressure medium overflow between the working spaces of a double-acting hydraulic working cylinder in definable positions, in particular in the end positions of the piston.

Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Arbeitszylinder mit den im Patentanspruch 1 aufgeführten Merkmalen sowie alternativ durch einen Arbeitszylinder mit den im Patentanspruch 2 aufgeführten Merkmalen gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by a cylinder with the features listed in claim 1 and, alternatively, by a cylinder with the features listed in claim 2. Preferred developments emerge from the subclaims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 1 ermöglicht eine Druckmediumüberströmung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen in beiden Richtungen.An inventive cylinder according to claim 1 allows a pressure medium flow between the working spaces in both directions.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 2 mit Druckmediumüberströmung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen weist ein Zylinderrohr mit Anschlüssen zum Zu- und Abführen eines Druckmediums, ein Bodenverschlussteil, ein Führungsverschlussteil, zwei Arbeitsräume, eine Kolbenstange, die in dem Führungsverschlussteil geführt ist, einen Kolben, der mit der Kolbenstange verbunden und im Zylinderrohr geführt ist und mittels Dichtungen zwei Arbeitsräume im Zylinderrohr trennt.An inventive cylinder according to claim 2 with Druckmediumüberströmung between the working spaces has a cylinder tube with connections for supplying and discharging a pressure medium, a bottom closure part, a guide closure part, two working spaces, a piston rod which is guided in the guide closure part, a piston which is connected to the piston rod connected and guided in the cylinder tube and separates by means of seals two working spaces in the cylinder tube.

Der erfindungsgemäße Arbeitszylinder ist gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass der Kolben eine erste Seitenscheibe und eine zweite Seitenscheibe sowie einen Mittelabschnitt zwischen erster und zweiter Seitenscheibe sowie eine erste und eine zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung aufweist, wobei die erste Dichtung an der ersten Seitenscheibe axial in Richtung der zweiten Seitenscheibe angeordnet ist und einseitig von der ersten Seitenscheibe gestützt wird, während die zweite Dichtung an der zweiten Seitenscheibe axial in Richtung der ersten Seitenscheibe angeordnet ist und einseitig von der zweiten Seitenscheibe gestützt wird. Der axial zwischen den beiden Dichtungen und radial zwischen dem Mittelabschnitt des Kolbens und der Zylinderrohrwandung eingeschlossene Ringraum wird nachfolgend als Kolbenmittelraum bezeichnet.The working cylinder according to the invention is characterized in that the piston has a first side plate and a second side plate and a central portion between the first and second side plate and a first and a second annular elastic seal, wherein the first Seal on the first side plate is arranged axially in the direction of the second side plate and is supported on one side by the first side plate, while the second seal on the second side plate is arranged axially in the direction of the first side plate and is supported on one side by the second side plate. The annular space enclosed axially between the two seals and radially between the middle section of the piston and the cylinder tube wall is referred to below as the piston center space.

Jede der Dichtungen ist in Abhängigkeit der Richtung der Druckbeaufschlagung unterschiedlich verformbar und weist dadurch je nach Richtung des Druckgefälles ein unterschiedliches Abdichtungsverhalten auf.Each of the seals is deformed differently depending on the direction of the pressurization and thus has a different sealing behavior depending on the direction of the pressure gradient.

Bei einer Druckbeaufschlagung aus Richtung Mittelabschnitt, also wenn in dem Kolbenmittelraum ein höherer Druck des Druckmediums vorliegt als in dem durch die jeweilige Dichtung hiervon abgetrennten Arbeitsraum ist die elastische Verformbarkeit der Dichtung durch die jeweilige Seitenscheibe begrenzt. Die der Seitenscheibe zugewandte axiale Flanke der elastischen ringförmigen Dichtung wird durch die Seitenscheibe gestützt. Die Dichtung verhält sich auch bei hohen Druckgefällen in dieser Richtung abdichtend.When pressure is applied from the middle section, that is, when there is a higher pressure of the pressure medium in the piston middle space than in the working space separated by the respective seal, the elastic deformability of the seal is limited by the respective side window. The side plate facing axial edge of the elastic annular seal is supported by the side window. The seal behaves sealingly even at high pressure drops in this direction.

Bei einer Druckbeaufschlagung in Richtung des Mittelabschnitts, also bei einem höheren Druck in dem Arbeitsraum als in dem Kolbenmittelraum, verformt sich die Dichtung durch den druckbedingten Kraftangriff auf die axiale Flanke der elastischen ringförmigen Dichtung in Richtung Mittelabschnitt. Dabei bildet sich ein Spalt zwischen der dem Zylinderrohr zugewandten radialen Fläche der Dichtung und der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung. Über diesen Spalt ist ein Querschnitt eröffnet, der einen Druckmediumübertritt auf dem Arbeitsraum in den Kolbenmittelraum und somit einen Druckausgleich ermöglicht. Die Höhe des Druckgefälles zwischen Arbeitsraum und Kolbenmittelraum, ab dem ein Druckmediumübertritt eintritt, kann durch die Geometrie und die Materialeigenschaften der betreffenden elastischen Dichtung anwendungsbezogen eingestellt werden.When pressurizing in the direction of the central portion, ie at a higher pressure in the working space than in the piston center space, the seal deforms by the pressure-related force application to the axial edge of the elastic annular seal towards the central portion. In this case, a gap is formed between the cylinder surface facing the radial surface of the seal and the Zylinderrohrinnenwandung. About this gap a cross section is opened, which allows a pressure medium transfer on the working space in the piston central space and thus a pressure compensation. The height of the pressure gradient between the working space and the piston center space, from which a pressure fluid transfer occurs, can be adjusted by the geometry and the material properties of the relevant elastic seal application.

Jede der Dichtungen verhält sich damit wie ein Ventil, wobei Öffnungsrichtung und Verschlussrichtung beider Dichtungen zueinander entgegengesetzt ist. Liegt beispielsweise im ersten Arbeitsraum ein höherer Druck als in dem zweiten Arbeitsraum an, lässt die dem ersten Arbeitsraum zugewandte Dichtung eine Druckmediumübertritt in den Kolbenmittelraum zu, während die dem zweiten Arbeitsraum zugewandte Dichtung durch die zweite Seitenscheibe gestützt wird und sich abdichtend verhält und keinen Druckmediumübertritt zwischen dem Kolbenmittelraum und dem zweiten Arbeitsraum zulässt. Im Ergebnis findet damit kein Druckmediumübertritt von dem ersten Arbeitsraum in den zweiten Arbeitsraum statt.Each of the seals thus behaves like a valve, the opening direction and closing direction of both seals being opposite to each other. If, for example, a higher pressure prevails in the first working space than in the second working space, the seal facing the first working space allows pressure medium to pass into the piston center space, while the seal facing the second working space is supported by the second side disk and behaves in a sealing manner and no pressure medium passage between the piston central space and the second working space permits. As a result, there is no pressure medium transfer from the first working space into the second working space.

Das Zylinderrohr weist eine erste und eine zweite Ausnehmung auf, wobei die erste Ausnehmung axial so angeordnet ist, dass die erste Dichtung in einer ersten Endlage des Kolbens über der ersten Ausnehmung positioniert ist und sich mittels der ersten Ausnehmung zwischen erster Dichtung und Zylinderrohr ein erster Überströmungsquerschnitt öffnet. Analog ist die zweite Ausnehmung axial so angeordnet, dass die zweite Dichtung in einer zweiten Endlage des Kolbens über der zweiten Ausnehmung positioniert ist und sich mittels der zweiten Ausnehmung zwischen zweiter Dichtung und Zylinderrohr ein zweiter Überströmungsquerschnitt öffnet. Ein solcher Überströmungsquerschnitt kann vorzugsweise durch eine ringnutartige Vertiefung der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung oder eine konische Aufweitung bereitgestellt werden; möglich sind jedoch auch andere Formen bei denen die Zylinderrohrinnenwandung zumindest abschnittweise soweit zurückspringt, dass der betreffende Dichtring und gegebenenfalls die diesem Dichtring zugeordnete Seitenscheibe nicht mehr vollständig an der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung anliegt.The cylinder tube has a first and a second recess, wherein the first recess is arranged axially so that the first seal is positioned in a first end position of the piston over the first recess and by means of the first recess between the first seal and cylinder tube, a first overflow cross section opens. Similarly, the second recess is axially arranged so that the second seal is positioned in a second end position of the piston over the second recess and opens a second overflow cross section by means of the second recess between the second seal and cylinder tube. Such an overflow cross section can preferably be provided by an annular groove-like depression of the cylinder tube inner wall or a conical expansion; However, other shapes are also possible in which the cylinder tube inner wall at least in sections springs back so far that the relevant sealing ring and, if appropriate, the side window assigned to this sealing ring no longer bears completely against the cylinder tube inner wall.

In einer Überströmungslage, dargestellt an dem Beispiel einer ersten Endlage, wird damit die Abdichtung der ersten Dichtung zwischen dem Kolbenmittelraum und dem ersten Arbeitsraum, also dem Arbeitsraum mit dem niedrigeren Druck, aufgehoben. Das Druckmedium kann aus dem Kolbenmittelraum über den ersten Überströmungsquerschnitt in den ersten Arbeitsraum überströmen. Damit fällt der Druck im Kolbenmittelraum auf den Druck des ersten Arbeitsraumes ab. In der Folge tritt eine elastische Verformung der zweiten Dichtung in Richtung Mittelabschnitt ein; die zweite Dichtung öffnet und es bildet sich ein resultierender Überstrom aus dem zweiten Arbeitsraum über den Spalt zwischen zweiter Dichtung und Zylinderrohrinnenwandung in den Kolbenmittelraum und von dort über den ersten Überströmungsquerschnitt in den ersten Arbeitsraum aus. Der Überstrom kann solange erfolgen, bis beispielsweise Leckverluste aus dem dem ersten Arbeitsraum zugeordneten Druckmittelsystem ausgeglichen sind und sich wieder ein Druckausgleich einstellt. Die Funktionsweise in der zweiten Endlage ist entsprechend. Als Endlage im Sinne einer Überströmungslage kann auch eine andere Position verstanden werden, als sie der durch den Zylinder vorgegebenen Hubendlage entspricht. Dies kann beispielsweise der Fall sein, wenn die von dem Arbeitszylinder angetriebenen Mittel eine Bewegung des Kolbens nicht über den gesamten Weg in dem Zylinderrohr zulassen oder an einer anderen Position eine Überströmung erfordern.In an overflow position, shown on the example of a first end position, so that the sealing of the first seal between the piston central space and the first working space, so the working space with the lower pressure, repealed. The pressure medium can flow from the piston center space via the first overflow cross section into the first working space. In order to the pressure in the piston central space drops to the pressure of the first working chamber. As a result, elastic deformation of the second seal toward the center portion occurs; the second seal opens and there is a resulting overflow from the second working space via the gap between the second seal and cylinder tube inner wall in the piston central space and from there via the first overflow cross section in the first working space. The overcurrent can take place until, for example, leakage losses from the pressure medium system assigned to the first working space are compensated for and pressure equalization is again established. The operation in the second end position is corresponding. The end position in the sense of an overflow position can also be understood to be a different position than corresponds to the stroke end position predetermined by the cylinder. This may be the case, for example, when the means driven by the working cylinder do not permit movement of the piston all the way in the cylinder tube or require overflow at another position.

Besonders vorteilhaft wirkt sich die einfache Bauweise des Kolbens aus, da dieser keine zusätzlichen mechanisch bewegten Bauteile aufweist, die eine spezielle Bearbeitung des Kolbens und Montagearbeiten erfordern. Es wird eine Überströmung in beiden Richtungen zwischen den Arbeitsräumen erreicht, wobei die Überströmungsrichtung durch die Kolbenlage bestimmt wird.The simple design of the piston has a particularly advantageous effect, since it has no additional mechanically moving components which require special machining of the piston and assembly work. It is achieved an overflow in both directions between the working spaces, wherein the overflow direction is determined by the piston position.

Mit den elastischen kreisringförmigen Dichtungen wird die Funktion des Druckausgleichs zwischen den Arbeitsräumen in einfacher und zuverlässiger Weise realisiert. Zudem kann als besonderer Vorteil ein erfindungsgemäßer Arbeitszylinder störungsunanfällig betrieben und einfach gewartet werden. Ferner kann durch Wahl der Geometrie und der Materialeigenschaften der Dichtungen ein gewünschtes Druckgefälle, ab dem ein Druckmediumübertritt erfolgt, für jede der beiden Überströmungslagen problemlos auch unterschiedlich eingestellt werden.With the elastic annular seals the function of pressure equalization between the work spaces is realized in a simple and reliable manner. In addition, a cylinder according to the invention operated as a particular advantage trouble-prone and easy to maintain. Furthermore, by choosing the geometry and the material properties of the seals, a desired pressure gradient, from which a pressure medium occurs, can also be adjusted without problems for each of the two overflow layers.

Ein alternativer erfindungsgemäßer Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 2 ermöglicht eine Druckmediumüberströmung zwischen den Arbeitsräumen in nur einer Richtung.An alternative inventive working cylinder according to claim 2 allows a pressure medium flow between the work spaces in only one direction.

Ein solcher Arbeitszylinder weist zunächst die gleichen Merkmale und die gleiche Funktionsweise wie ein Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 1 auf, so dass auch hier die Beschreibung zu Anspruch 1 gilt, wobei folgende Abweichungen bestehen. Das Zylinderrohr muss lediglich eine Ausnehmung aufweisen. Diese Ausnehmung entspricht der zweiten Ausnehmung nach Anspruch 1. Ferner muss lediglich eine der beiden Dichtungen als eine erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung, die einseitig von einer ersten Seitenscheibe gestützt wird, ausgebildet sein. Durch die Positionierung der Ausnehmung wird eine Überströmungslage definiert. In der Überströmungslage befindet sich die zweite Dichtung in Höhe der Ausnehmung, so dass über einen Überströmungsquerschnitt, der dem zweiten Überströmungsquerschnitt nach Anspruch 1 entspricht, Druckmedium aus dem Kolbenmittelraum in den durch die zweite Dichtung abgetrennten Arbeitsraum übertreten kann, womit zugleich ein Druckausgleich erfolgt. Dadurch entsteht ein Druckgefälle zwischen dem Arbeitsraum, der durch die erste elastische ringförmige Dichtung von dem Kolbenmittelraum abgetrennt wird und dem Kolbenmittelraum, wodurch die elastische ringförmige Dichtung unter Bildung eines Spaltes verformt wird, und Druckmedium aus diesem Arbeitsraum in den Kolbenmittelraum und von dort über den Überströmungsquerschnitt in den anderen Arbeitsraum übertritt.Such a cylinder initially has the same features and the same operation as a working cylinder according to claim 1, so that here is the description to claim 1, wherein the following differences exist. The cylinder tube only has to have a recess. This recess corresponds to the second recess according to claim 1. Furthermore, only one of the two seals must be formed as a first annular elastic seal, which is supported on one side by a first side window. The positioning of the recess defines an overflow position. In the overflow position, the second seal in height of the recess, so that over an overflow cross section corresponding to the second overflow cross section according to claim 1, pressure medium from the piston central space can pass into the separated by the second seal working space, which at the same time takes place a pressure compensation. This creates a pressure gradient between the working space, which is separated by the first elastic annular seal of the piston central space and the piston central space, whereby the elastic annular seal is deformed to form a gap, and pressure medium from this working space in the piston central space and from there via the overflow cross section into the other workspace.

Die Überströmungslage wird vorzugsweise in einer Endlage positioniert, kann aber auch in besonderen Fällen an einer anderen axialen Stelle positioniert werden, wenn auf dem Weg des Kolbenhubs beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von einer bestimmten Kolbenlage eine Überströmung möglich, in einer Endlage aber ausgeschlossen sein soll.The overflow layer is preferably positioned in an end position, but can also be positioned in other cases at a different axial location, if on the way of the piston stroke, for example, depending on a particular piston position, an overflow possible, but excluded in an end position.

Da eine Überströmung bei der alternativen Lösung nach dem Anspruch 2 lediglich in einer Richtung möglich sein soll, kann die zweite Dichtung ohne die besonderen Merkmale der elastischen Verformbarkeit in Verbindung mit der einseitigen Stützung und die dadurch erreichte Ventilwirkung ausgebildet werden.Since an overflow in the alternative solution according to claim 2 should be possible only in one direction, the second seal can be formed without the special features of the elastic deformability in connection with the one-sided support and the valve effect achieved thereby.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird die Druckmediumüberströmung in einer Überströmungslage durch mindestens eine zusätzliche Drossel begrenzt. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise wird die Drossel mit sehr einfachen und störungsunempfindlichen Mitteln dadurch bereitgestellt, dass durch eine geeignete Anpassung des Durchmessers einer Seitenscheibe an den Innendurchmesser der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung des Zylinderrohrs ein Ringspalt mit einem gewünschten Querschnitt bereitgestellt wird. Die Weite des Ringspalts ist entsprechend der geforderten Überströmmenge des Druckmediums zwischen den Arbeitsräumen für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall dimensioniert. Befindet sich der Kolben in einer Überströmungslage, wird durch den Ringspalt zwischen der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung und der Seitenscheibe, welche nicht über der Ausnehmung positioniert ist, eine Überströmungsbegrenzung auch bei solchen Druckgefällen herbeigeführt, die durch die elastische Verformung der dieser Seitenscheibe zugeordneten elastischen ringförmigen Dichtung zu einem Spalt mit einem größeren Querschnitt und damit zu einem größeren Druckmediumübertritt pro Zeiteinheit führen würde. Neben der Regulierung des Überströmvolumens werden damit als weiterer Vorteil auch die elastischen ringförmigen Dichtungen vor hoher Belastung geschützt.In an advantageous development, the pressure medium overflow in an overflow position is limited by at least one additional throttle. In a particularly advantageous manner, the throttle is provided with very simple and interference-insensitive means in that an annular gap with a desired cross-section is provided by a suitable adaptation of the diameter of a side window to the inner diameter of the cylinder tube inner wall of the cylinder tube. The width of the annular gap is dimensioned according to the required overflow of the pressure medium between the work spaces for the particular application. If the piston is in an overflow position, an overflow limitation is brought about by the annular gap between the cylinder tube inner wall and the side window, which is not positioned above the recess, even at pressure drops caused by the elastic deformation of the elastic annular seal associated with this side disc with a larger cross-section and thus would lead to a larger Druckmediumübertritt per unit time. In addition to the regulation of the overflow volume, as a further advantage, the elastic annular seals are also protected against high loads.

Vorzugsweise sind beide Seitenscheiben so ausgebildet, dass damit jeweils eine Drossel bereitgestellt wird. Damit wird jeweils eine Drossel in einer Endlage aktiv. Es lassen sich als besonderer Vorteil auf diese Weise je nach Anforderung auch unterschiedliche Drosselungswerte in den beiden Endlagen festlegen.Preferably, both side windows are formed so that each a throttle is provided. Thus, one throttle in each end position becomes active. Depending on the requirements, different throttle values in the two end positions can be defined as a particular advantage in this way.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung bezogen auf einen Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 2 mit unidirektionaler Überströmung weist die vorstehend beschriebene Weiterbildung nach Anspruch 3 eine Drossel aus, die durch einen Ringspalt zwischen der ersten Seitenscheibe und der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung gebildet wird.In an advantageous development related to a working cylinder according to claim 2 with unidirectional overflow, the development described above according to claim 3, a throttle, which is formed by an annular gap between the first side window and the cylinder tube inner wall.

Es weist der Mittelabschnitt des Kolbens parallel zu dessen vertikaler Mittelachse zwei voneinander beabstandete Ringnuten auf, zwischen denen in einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ein umlaufender Bund mit beidseitiger Schulter angeordnet ist.It has the central portion of the piston parallel to the vertical center axis of two spaced-apart annular grooves, between which in a advantageous development a circumferential collar is arranged with double-sided shoulder.

Auf diese Weise werden elastischen kreisringförmigen Dichtungen sicher gehalten und Kerbspannungen beim Verformen der Dichtungen zum Druckausgleich wesentlich verringert, wodurch deren hohe Standzeit gewährleistet ist.In this way, elastic annular seals are held securely and significantly reduces notch stresses during deformation of the seals for pressure equalization, whereby their long service life is guaranteed.

Es ist an den Seitenscheiben im äußeren Bereich ein kreisringförmiger Bund angeformt. Dieser Bund ermöglicht eine zuverlässige Aufnahme der kreisringförmigen elastischen Dichtungen, ohne dass zusätzliche Befestigungsmittel hinzugefügt werden müssen.It is integrally formed on the side windows in the outer region of an annular collar. This collar allows reliable reception of the annular elastic seals without the need for additional fasteners.

Es weisen die elastischen kreisringförmigen Dichtungen einen T-förmigen Querschnitt auf.The elastic annular seals have a T-shaped cross-section.

Mit dem T-förmigen Querschnitt der elastischen kreisringförmigen Dichtungen ist eine sichere Aufnahme zwischen den Ringnuten im Mittelabschnitt und dem kreisringförmigem Bund der jeweiligen Seitenscheibe gewährleistet, so dass sich deren Position bei der Verformung und dem Abheben vom Innenmantel des Arbeitszylinders zum Überströmen des Druckmediums während des Druckausgleichs zwischen den Arbeitsräumen nicht ändern kann.With the T-shaped cross-section of the elastic annular seals secure capture between the annular grooves in the central portion and the annular collar of the respective side window is guaranteed, so that their position in the deformation and the lifting of the inner shell of the working cylinder to overflow the pressure medium during pressure equalization between the workspaces can not change.

Bezogen auf einen Arbeitszylinder nach Anspruch 2 mit unidirektionaler Überströmung weist die erste kreisringförmige Dichtung einen T-förmigen Querschnitt mit den oben beschriebenen Vorteilen auf.Relative to a working cylinder according to claim 2 with unidirectional overflow, the first annular seal on a T-shaped cross-section with the advantages described above.

Die Erfindung wird als Ausführungsbeispiel anhand von

Fig. 1
Schnitt eines Arbeitszylinders
Fig. 2
Schnitt eines Mittelabschnitts des Kolbens
Fig. 3
Schnitt einer elastischen kreisringförmigen Dichtung
näher erläutert.The invention will be described as an embodiment with reference to
Fig. 1
Cut a working cylinder
Fig. 2
Section of a middle section of the piston
Fig. 3
Section of an elastic annular seal
explained in more detail.

Nach Fig. 1 weist ein doppeltwirkender Arbeitszylinder ein Zylinderrohr 1 mit einem ersten Anschluss 2 und zweiten Anschluss 3 zum Zu- und Abführen eines Druckmediums, einem Bodenverschlussteil 4, einem Führungsverschlussteil 5, einer Kolbenstange 6, geführt in einer Bohrung 7 mit Dichtungen 8 im Führungsverschlussteil 5 und einem Kolben 9, aufgenommen von der Kolbenstange 6, der im Zylinderrohr 1 geführt ist und die Arbeitsräume im Zylinderrohr 1 trennt.To Fig. 1 a double-acting cylinder has a cylinder tube 1 with a first port 2 and second port 3 for supplying and discharging a pressure medium, a bottom closure part 4, a guide closure part 5, a piston rod 6, guided in a bore 7 with seals 8 in the guide closure part 5 and a piston 9, taken from the piston rod 6, which is guided in the cylinder tube 1 and the working spaces in the cylinder tube 1 separates.

Der Kolben 9 besteht aus einer ersten Seitenscheibe 10 sowie einer zweiten Seitenscheibe 11 und einem Mittelabschnitt 12.The piston 9 consists of a first side window 10 and a second side window 11 and a middle section 12.

Zwischen dem Mittelabschnitt 12 und den Seitenscheiben 10; 11 ist jeweils eine erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 13 und eine zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 14 aufgenommen.Between the central portion 12 and the side windows 10; 11 is a respective first annular elastic seal 13 and a second annular elastic seal 14 is added.

Die Seitenscheiben 10; 11 weisen einen Durchmesser auf, der gegenüber dem Innendurchmesser des Zylinderrohrs 1 so weit verringert ist, dass zwischen einer Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 des Zylinderrohrs 1 und dem Umfang der Seitenscheiben 10; 11 ein Ringspalt 16 ausgebildet ist, dessen Weite entsprechend der geforderten Überströmmenge des Druckmittels zum Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen, zwischen dem jeweils druckführenden Kolbenraum 17 oder Kolbenstangenraum 18 und dem Kolbenstangenraum 18 oder dem Kolbenraum 17, für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall dimensioniert ist.The side windows 10; 11 have a diameter that is so far reduced compared to the inner diameter of the cylinder tube 1 that between a cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1 and the circumference of the side windows 10; 11, an annular gap 16 is formed whose width is dimensioned according to the required overflow of the pressure medium for pressure equalization between the working spaces, between the respective pressure-carrying piston chamber 17 or piston rod chamber 18 and the piston rod chamber 18 or the piston chamber 17, for the particular application.

Der maximale Außendurchmesser des Mittelabschnitts 12 ist höchstens gleich dem der Seitenscheiben 10; 11.The maximum outer diameter of the central portion 12 is at most equal to that of the side windows 10; 11th

An den Seitenscheiben 10; 11 ist im äußeren Bereich ein kreisringförmiger Bund 19.1; 19.2 angeformt.On the side windows 10; 11 is an annular collar 19.1 in the outer region; 19.2 molded.

Im Zylinderrohr 1 sind im Bereich der Endlagen des Kolbens 9 eine erste Ausnehmung 20 und zweite Ausnehmung 21, die im Zusammenwirken mit der jeweiligen Seitenscheibe 10; 11, der jeweiligen kreisringförmigen elastischen Dichtung 13; 14 und dem Mittelabschnitt 12 einen Überströmungsquerschnitt zum Überströmen des Druckmittels vom jeweils druckführenden Arbeitsraum in den anderen Arbeitsraum in der Endlage des Kolbens 9 ausbilden.In the cylinder tube 1 are in the region of the end positions of the piston 9, a first recess 20 and second recess 21, in cooperation with the respective Side window 10; 11, the respective annular elastic seal 13; 14 and the central portion 12 form an overflow cross section for overflow of the pressure medium from the respective pressurized working space in the other working space in the end position of the piston 9.

Der in Fig. 2 im Schnitt dargestellte Mittelabschnitt 12 des Kolbens 9 weist parallel zu dessen vertikaler Mittelachse 22 einen umlaufenden Bund 23 mit beidseitiger Schulter 24 sowie eine erste Ringnut 25 und eine zweite Ringnut 26 auf. Die kreisringförmigen elastischen Dichtungen 13; 14 sind wie in Fig. 3 im Schnitt größer dargestellt, T-förmig ausgebildet.The in Fig. 2 Sectionally sectioned central portion 12 of the piston 9 has parallel to the vertical center axis 22 a circumferential collar 23 with double-sided shoulder 24 and a first annular groove 25 and a second annular groove 26. The annular elastic seals 13; 14 are like in Fig. 3 shown enlarged in section, T-shaped.

Zwischen der ersten Seitenscheibe 10 und dem Mittelabschnitt 12 wird die erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 13 sowie zwischen dem Mittelabschnitt 12 und der zweiten Seitenscheibe 11 die zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 14 mit Hilfe des jeweiligen kreisringförmigen Bunds 19.1; 19.2 an den Seitenscheiben 10; 11 im Zusammenwirken mit der jeweiligen Ringnut 25; 26 am Mittelabschnitt 12 auf Grund der T-förmigen Ausbildung sicher gehalten.Between the first side window 10 and the central portion 12, the first annular elastic seal 13 and between the central portion 12 and the second side window 11, the second annular elastic seal 14 by means of the respective annular collar 19.1; 19.2 on the side windows 10; 11 in cooperation with the respective annular groove 25; 26 held securely at the central portion 12 due to the T-shaped configuration.

Beim Verformen der kreisringförmigen elastischen Dichtungen 13; 14 zum Druckausgleich auftretende Kerbspannungen im Bereich des Mittelabschnitts 12 werden mittels der jeweils zugeordneten Seite der beidseitigen Schulter 24 wesentlich verringert, so dass deren hohe Standzeit gewährleistet ist.When deforming the annular elastic seals 13; 14 notch stresses occurring in the region of the middle section 12 for pressure compensation are substantially reduced by means of the respective associated side of the shoulder 24 on both sides, so that their long service life is ensured.

Bei Druckbeaufschlagung des Kolbenstangenraums 18 mit dem Druckmittel soll der Kolben 1 die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Endlage, wie der eines Master-Arbeitszylinders in einem Master-Slave-System, erreichen.When pressurizing the piston rod chamber 18 with the pressure medium of the piston 1 in the Fig. 1 shown end position, such as that of a master cylinder in a master-slave system reach.

Das sich zuvor im Kolbenraum 17 befindliche Druckmittel strömte dabei zuvor über den zweiten Anschluss 3 in den Slave-Arbeitszylinder ab. Auf Grund von Leckverlusten beim Betrieb des Systems sei der Slave-Arbeitszylinder nicht vollständig ausgefahren, so dass Druckmittel nachgeführt und ein Druckausgleich erfolgen muss.The pressure medium previously located in the piston chamber 17 previously flowed via the second port 3 into the slave working cylinder. Due to leakage during operation of the system, the slave cylinder is not fully extended, so that pressure fluid must track and pressure equalization must be done.

Der im Kolbenstangenraum anliegende Druck des Druckmittels verformt hierbei die erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 13 in Richtung der zugewandten Seite der beidseitigen Schulter 24 an dem Mittelabschnitt 12, so dass die erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 13 von der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 des Zylinderrohrs 1 abhebt und einen Spalt bildet, und das Druckmittel über den Ringspalt 16 zwischen der ersten Seitenscheibe 10 und der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 des Zylinderrohrs 1, den genannten Spalt, den Kolbenmittelraum 27 im Bereich des Mittelabschnitts 12 und den Überströmungsquerschnitt an der zweite Ausnehmung 21 in den Kolbenraum 17 und weiter über den zweiten Anschluss 3 zum Slave-Arbeitszylinder strömt und diesen vollständig ausfährt.The voltage applied in the piston rod space pressure of the pressure medium deforms the first annular elastic seal 13 in the direction of the facing side of the two-sided shoulder 24 at the central portion 12 so that the first annular elastic seal 13 lifts from the Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 of the cylinder tube 1 and forms a gap, and the pressure medium via the annular gap 16 between the first side window 10 and the cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1, said gap, the piston central space 27 in the region of the central portion 12 and the overflow cross section at the second recess 21 in the piston chamber 17 and further via the second port 3 flows to the slave cylinder and this extends completely.

Die zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 14 und die zweite Seitenscheibe 11 des Kolbens 9 befinden sich dabei in einer Position im Bereich der zweiten Ausnehmung 21, sodass ein Freiraum zum Überströmen des Druckmittels ausgebildet ist.The second annular elastic seal 14 and the second side plate 11 of the piston 9 are located in a position in the region of the second recess 21, so that a free space for overflow of the pressure medium is formed.

Eine analoge Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung zum Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen des Arbeitszylinders liegt auch bei Druckbeaufschlagung des Kolbenraums 17 vor.An analogous operation of the device for pressure equalization between the working chambers of the working cylinder is also in pressurization of the piston chamber 17 before.

In der Endlage des Kolbens 9 befindet sich die jeweils in Bewegungsrichtung vorlaufende elastische kreisringförmige Dichtung 13; 14 im Bereich der Ausnehmung 20; 21 im Zylinderrohr 1, wodurch in diesem Bereich ein freier Durchgang vorliegt.In the end position of the piston 9 is each leading in the direction of movement elastic annular seal 13; 14 in the region of the recess 20; 21 in the cylinder tube 1, whereby there is a free passage in this area.

Der Druckausgleich zwischen den Arbeitsräumen des Arbeitszylinders erfolgt dann, indem die sich im geschlossenen Bereich der Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 des Zylinderrohrs 1 befindliche elastische kreisringförmige Dichtung 13; 14 am Umfang durch den Druck des Druckmediums im druckbeaufschlagten Arbeitsraum in Richtung des nicht druckführenden Arbeitsraums elastisch verformt wird, wodurch diese vom Innenmantel 14 abgehoben wird und das Druckmittel, wie zuvor beschrieben, überströmt.The pressure equalization between the working chambers of the working cylinder is then carried out by the located in the closed region of the cylinder tube inner wall 15 of the cylinder tube 1 elastic annular seal 13; 14 is deformed elastically on the circumference by the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressurized working space in the direction of the non-pressurized working space, whereby it is lifted from the inner shell 14 and the pressure medium, as described above, flows over.

In einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel, wie es dem Anspruch 2 entspricht, weist ein Arbeitszylinder eine Überströmungsmöglichkeit lediglich in einer Richtung auf. Ein solcher Arbeitszylinder entspricht im Wesentlichen zunächst dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei allerdings ausschließlich die zweite Ausnehmung 21 ausgebildet ist. Befindet sich der Kolben in der Endlage am Bodenverschlussteil 4, kann das Druckmedium aus dem Kolbenstangenraum 18 die erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 13 verformen, so dass diese einen Spalt zur Zylinderrohrinnenwandung 15 bildet, womit das Druckmedium in den Kolbenmittelraum 27 übertreten kann. Aus dem Kolbenmittelraum 27 tritt das Druckmedium über den Überströmungsquerschnitt zwischen der zweiten Dichtung, welche in der Figur 1 als die zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtung 14 dargestellt ist, abweichend von der Darstellung jedoch auch als normale Dichtung ohne spezielle Verformungseigenschaften ausgebildet sein kann, und dem Zylinderrohr 1 im Bereich der zweiten Ausnehmung 21 in den Kolbenraum 17 über. In umgekehrter Richtung, also von dem Kolbenraum 17 in den Kolbenstangenraum 18 kann kein Druckmediumübertritt erfolgen.In another embodiment, as it corresponds to claim 2, a working cylinder has a Überströmungsmöglichkeit only in one direction on. Such a working cylinder substantially corresponds initially to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, although only the second recess 21 is formed. If the piston is in the end position on the bottom closure part 4, the pressure medium from the piston rod space 18 can deform the first annular elastic seal 13 so that it forms a gap to the cylinder tube inner wall 15, with which the pressure medium can pass into the piston middle space 27. From the piston middle space 27, the pressure medium passes over the overflow cross section between the second seal, which in the FIG. 1 as the second annular elastic seal 14 is shown, but deviating from the illustration may also be formed as a normal seal without special deformation properties, and the cylinder tube 1 in the region of the second recess 21 in the piston chamber 17 via. In the opposite direction, ie from the piston chamber 17 into the piston rod chamber 18, no pressure medium can occur.

Verwendete BezugszeichenUsed reference signs

11
Zylinderrohrcylinder tube
22
erster Anschlussfirst connection
33
zweiter Anschlusssecond connection
44
BodenverschlussteilBottom seal section
55
FührungsverschlussteilGuide closure part
66
Kolbenstangepiston rod
77
Bohrungdrilling
88th
Dichtungenseals
99
Kolbenpiston
1010
erste Seitenscheibefirst side window
1111
zweite Seitenscheibesecond side window
1212
Mittelabschnittmidsection
1313
erste kreisringförmige elastische Dichtungfirst annular elastic seal
1414
zweite kreisringförmige elastische Dichtungsecond annular elastic seal
1515
ZylinderrohrinnenwandungZylinderrohrinnenwandung
1616
Ringspaltannular gap
1717
Kolbenraumpiston chamber
1818
KolbenstangenraumPiston rod space
1919
kreisringförmiger Bund (19.1; 19.2)circular collar (19.1; 19.2)
2020
erste Ausnehmungfirst recess
2121
zweite Ausnehmungsecond recess
2222
vertikale Mittelachsevertical center axis
2323
umlaufender Bundcircumferential collar
2424
beidseitige Schulterdouble-sided shoulder
2525
erste Ringnutfirst ring groove
2626
zweite Ringnutsecond annular groove
2727
KolbenmittelraumPiston means space

Claims (5)

  1. A working cylinder, comprising a cylinder tube (1) with connections for leading in and out a pressurising medium, a bottom-closure element (4), a guide-closure element (5), two working chambers, a piston rod (6) being guided in the guide-closure element (5), a piston (9) with seals which is connected to the piston rod (6) and guided in the cylinder tube (1) and separates the working chambers in the cylinder tube (1), characterized in that the piston (9) comprises a first side plate (10) and a second side plate (11), each of them being provided with a circular ring-shaped collar (19.1; 19.2) integrally formed in their outer section,(12), as well as a centre section (12) arranged between the first and second side plates (10; 11), as well as a first and a second circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13, 14), wherein the centre section (12) of the piston (9) has a first annular groove (25) and a second annular groove (26) provided parallel to the vertical axis (22) of the piston (9), wherein the circular ring-shaped elastic seals (13; 14) have a T-shaped cross section, wherein the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13) at the first side plate (10) is arranged axially towards the second side plate (11) and is held by the circular ring-shaped collar (19.1) of the first side plate (10) and the first annular groove (25) of the centre section (12) due to the T-shaped design and is unilaterally supported by the second side plate (11), wherein each of the circular ring-shaped elastic seals (13; 14) can be elastically deformed with formation of a gap to the inner cylinder tube wall (15) if pressure is applied towards the centre section (12), and wherein the elastic deformability of the circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14) is limited by the corresponding side plate (10; 11) if pressure is applied towards the opposite direction and the circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14) is sealing,
    that the cylinder tube (1) comprises a first and a second recess (20; 21), wherein the first recess (20) is axially arranged such that exclusively the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13) is positioned above the first recess (20) in a first end position of the piston (9) and a first overflow cross section opens by the first recess (20) between the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13) and the cylinder tube (1), wherein the second recess (21) is axially arranged such that exclusively the second circular ring-shaped elastic seal (14) is positioned above the second recess (21) in a second end position of the piston (9) and a second overflow cross section opens by means of the second recess (21) between the second circular ring-shaped elastic seal (14) and the cylinder tube (1).
  2. A working cylinder, comprising a cylinder tube (1) with connections for leading in and out a pressurising medium, a bottom-closure element (4), a guide-closure element (5), two working chambers, a piston rod (6) being guided in the guide-closure element (5), a piston (9) with seals which is connected to the piston rod (6) and guided in the cylinder tube (1) and separates the working chambers in the cylinder tube (1), characterized in that the piston (9) comprises a first side plate (10), which has a circular ring-shaped collar (19.1) in the outer section, and a first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14), a centre section (12) and a second seal, wherein the centre section (12) of the piston (9) has a first annular groove (25) parallel to the vertical centre axis (22) of the piston (9), wherein the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13) has a T-shaped cross section, wherein the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13) is arranged at the first side plate (10) axially towards the second seal and is supported by the circular ring-shaped collar (19.1) of the first side plate (10) and the annular groove (25) of the centre section (12) due to the T-shaped design and unilaterally by the first side plate (10), and wherein the centre section is arranged between the first side plate and the second seal, and wherein the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14) can be elastically deformed with formation of a gap to the inner cylinder tube wall (15) if pressure is applied towards the centre section (12), and wherein the elastic deformability of the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14) is limited by the first side plate (10; 11) if pressure is applied towards the opposite direction, and the first circular ring-shaped elastic seal (13; 14) is sealing,
    that the cylinder tube (1) has a recess (21), wherein the recess (21) is axially arranged such that exclusively the second seal is positioned above the recess (21) in an overflow position of the piston (9) and an overflow cross section opens by the recess (21) between the second seal and the cylinder tube (1).
  3. The working cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (9) comprises at least one pressurising medium restrictor, wherein the pressurising medium restrictor is formed by an annular gap (16) between the inner cylinder tube wall (15) of the cylinder tube (1) and the circumference of one of the side plates (10; 11).
  4. The working cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the piston (9) comprises a pressurising medium restrictor, wherein the pressurising medium restrictor is formed by an annular gap (16) between the inner cylinder tube wall (15) of the cylinder tube (1) and the circumference of the first side plate (10).
  5. The working cylinder according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that a circumferential collar (23) with shoulder on both sides (24) is arranged at the centre section (12) of the piston (9) parallel to its vertical centre axis (22) between the two annular grooves (25; 26) spaced apart from each other.
EP14711141.3A 2013-02-12 2014-02-11 Working cylinder having pressure medium flow transfer Active EP2956678B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202013001260.9U DE202013001260U1 (en) 2013-02-12 2013-02-12 Working cylinder with pressure medium overflow
PCT/DE2014/000050 WO2014124624A1 (en) 2013-02-12 2014-02-11 Working cylinder having pressure medium flow transfer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2956678A1 EP2956678A1 (en) 2015-12-23
EP2956678B1 true EP2956678B1 (en) 2019-08-21

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EP (1) EP2956678B1 (en)
DE (2) DE202013001260U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014124624A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR112017024354B1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2022-07-26 Kongsberg Automotive As PNEUMATICALLY ACTIVATED CONTROL CYLINDER
CN105221512B (en) * 2015-10-28 2017-03-15 南京工程学院 A kind of hydraulic cylinder new type sealing device
CN112324743B (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-02-22 北京航空航天大学 Lightweight piston
CN114321086B (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-08-09 广州晶品智能压塑科技股份有限公司 Embedded oil cylinder structure
WO2023147797A1 (en) * 2022-02-04 2023-08-10 Bümach Engineering International B. V. Working cylinder with pressure medium overflow

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DE1232912B (en) * 1965-08-05 1967-01-26 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Hydraulic return device for face conveyor
US3311026A (en) 1965-12-27 1967-03-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co Bypass valve for hydraulic jacks
DE2245129A1 (en) 1972-09-14 1974-03-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert WORK CYLINDER
DE3013381C2 (en) 1980-04-05 1986-07-17 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen Working piston-cylinder unit
SE441117C (en) * 1982-08-20 1987-12-21 Stark Crister DEVICE FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF CYLINDER PISTON
DE8324442U1 (en) 1983-08-25 1989-09-07 Bueter, Josef
DE4221459A1 (en) * 1992-06-30 1994-01-05 Teves Gmbh Alfred Hydraulic servo steering with overload protection - has direct connection between pressure-charged working chamber and pressure connection of other working chamber
FR2746889B1 (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-06-05 Asco Joucomatic Sa SEAL, PARTICULARLY FOR PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
DE102005035633A1 (en) * 2004-07-31 2006-03-23 Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh Servo motor for auxiliary power steering has at least one bypass line and/or recesses in inner wall of cylinder at both ends of cylinder
DE102005008070A1 (en) 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Bosch Rexroth Ag Hydraulic cylinder, e.g. for transporting system, has no-return valve fitted in region of piston or piston rod axis, and to closing bodies stressed against valve seat
SE530030C2 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-02-12 Vaederstad Verken Ab Device on a hydraulic cylinder

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DE202013001260U1 (en) 2014-05-14
DE112014000781A5 (en) 2015-10-22
EP2956678A1 (en) 2015-12-23
WO2014124624A1 (en) 2014-08-21

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