EP2939807A1 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2939807A1
EP2939807A1 EP14001545.4A EP14001545A EP2939807A1 EP 2939807 A1 EP2939807 A1 EP 2939807A1 EP 14001545 A EP14001545 A EP 14001545A EP 2939807 A1 EP2939807 A1 EP 2939807A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
fibers
foreign
wood
gluing device
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EP14001545.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2939807B1 (en
Inventor
Hendrik Hecht
Axel Siebert
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Swiss Krono Tec AG
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Kronotec AG
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Priority to PL14001545T priority Critical patent/PL2939807T3/en
Priority to ES14001545.4T priority patent/ES2623824T3/en
Priority to EP14001545.4A priority patent/EP2939807B1/en
Priority to PT140015454T priority patent/PT2939807T/en
Publication of EP2939807A1 publication Critical patent/EP2939807A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a plant for producing a wood fiber board.
  • the chips are boiled or steamed in a cooker in order to soften the cell structure, in particular the lignin, and thus allow a gentle separation of the fiber fabric into individual elements.
  • the pre-bake temperature is about 180 ° C and the treatment time is about three minutes. Due to the thermal effect, low molecular weight carbohydrates and lignins go to a small extent in solution. From the acetyl groups of the wood are formed acetic acids and small amounts of acetic anhydride.
  • the chips are fed to a refiner (disc refiner). In the refiner then the defibration takes place. Due to the high pressure of up to 8 bar and more in the refiner this is left by the fibers at high speed.
  • the fibers pass into the gluing device in a stream of superheated steam, a blow line in which the gluing of the fibers takes place.
  • the glueing of the wet fibers takes place.
  • the fiber stream is fed into a dryer and the glued fibers are dried there.
  • the glued fibers are spotted and then scattered by means of a spreader to the fiber cake. This scattered fiber cake is then pressed in a hot press (Konti press) to a fiberboard of desired thickness.
  • the method of wet gluing is also called “blowline” gluing method.
  • the adhesive is in the delivery pipe or blowpipe (Blowline) sprayed in the fiber transport from the refiner to the dryer.
  • blowpipe blowpipe
  • the EP 1 623 807 B1 describes a method for producing a wooden material body, in which wood material is cut into wood chips and in which filamentary fiber material is first comminuted into individual fibers. These fibers are then interspersed in the wood chips and then at least on the wood chips, a binder (glue) is applied. The fibers can also be collected first and then mixed with the wood chips. With this method, it may be possible to introduce fibers specifically for influencing the mechanical properties, but complete distribution and good mixing of fibers and wood chips in a continuous production process is only possible with unacceptably high outlay.
  • the fiber cutting and Beleimvorraumen proposed for this purpose are structurally very complex, therefore expensive and complicated to handle.
  • a method for producing a fiberboard is to be specified, with which it is possible to improve the mechanical properties of the wood-based panel in a simple manner and / or to influence specifically. Furthermore, a suitable for carrying out the process plant should be specified.
  • the method according to the invention differs in that foreign fibers are glued and these glued foreign fibers are introduced into the production process. These foreign fibers glued with a glue surplus are referred to below as a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion.
  • This emulsion serves to glue the conventionally prepared wood fibers in the gluing device. The gluing of the fibers is thus not as in the known MDF production process only with an adhesive, but with the foreign-fiber adhesive mixture, the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion.
  • the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in the gluing device is preferably sprayed onto the wood fibers in motion.
  • the spraying of the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion onto the wood fibers can take place at a pressure of between 4 bar and 20 bar, preferably 12 bar.
  • the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion and the wood fibers in the gluing device are mixed to form a homogeneous fiber mixture.
  • the fiber mixture can consist of 10% to 70% wood fibers.
  • the extraneous-fiber adhesive emulsion preferably consists of 10% to 70%, particularly preferably 50%, of adhesive.
  • natural or artificial fibers can be used.
  • plant fibers in particular cotton fibers or fabric fibers, or glass fibers, mineral fibers or synthetic fibers or a mixture of various fibers are suitable.
  • the wood fibers are transported from the refiner, preferably by means of superheated steam, into the gluing device and conveyed in the gluing device as a wood fiber-steam stream.
  • the mixer may be a static mixer or a stator-rotor mixer.
  • the gluing device has a plurality of nozzles arranged one behind the other.
  • Such Beleimvoriques is per se, for example, from EP 2 481 144 A1 known.
  • At least one pump for conveying the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion to the nozzles, at least one pump, in particular a high-pressure pump, is preferably provided.
  • a high-pressure pump for conveying the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion to the nozzles.
  • roundwood 1 is first crushed in a chipper 2 to Holzhackschnitzeln HS and washed in an adjoining cooker 3 and cooked.
  • the thus prepared chips HS are then transferred to the refiner 4, where they are digested to wood fibers HF.
  • a bunker 5 foreign fibers FF are provided, which are mixed in a mixer 7 with a supplied from a container 6 adhesive KL to a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion.
  • the wood fibers HF are conveyed from the refiner 4 into the pipe section R.
  • This tube section R forms the gluing device 8, which is a blow line (blowline).
  • the Blowline ( FIG. 2 ) is a plurality of gluing nozzles D 1 , D 2 , ..., D i , ... D L arranged in a ring around the tube R.
  • the pipe cross-section d viewed in the flow direction, widens by up to 30%, even before the first gluing nozzle D 1 .
  • the speed of the wood fiber stream is thereby reduced and the residence time in the gluing zone BZ is increased.
  • the expanded tube cross-section is again reduced behind the last gluing nozzle D L, as viewed in the flow direction S.
  • the fiber mixture FG is sprinkled on a not shown here in detail revolving conveyor belt to a fiber cake.
  • This fiber cake is passed over the conveyor belt through a pre-press 14 and then fed to the hot press 15, in which it is pressed under high pressure and high temperature to a wood fiber plate of desired thickness.
  • the adhesive melts on KL and combines wood fibers HF and foreign fibers FF together.
  • the glueing device 8 can also be designed with a constant line cross-section. However, it must be ensured that a sputtering energy is present, which allows a homogeneous distribution of the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion on the wood fibers, so that a homogeneous fiber mixture FG can form.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte mit folgenden Schritten:
a) Zerfasern von Holzhackschnitzeln (HS) in einem Refiner (4) zu Holzfasern (HF),
b) Transportieren der im Refiner (4) erzeugten Holzfasern (HF) in eine Beleimvorrichtung (8),
c) Mischen von Fremdfasern (FF) mit einem Klebstoff (KL) zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in einem Mischer (7),
d) Transportieren der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in die Beleimvorrichtung (8),
e) Mischen der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion mit den Holzfasern (HF) zu einem Fasergemisch (FG) in der Beleimvorrichtung (8),
f) Transportieren des Fasergemisches (FG) aus der Beleimvorrichtung (8) in einen Trockner (9),
g) Trocknen des Fasergemisches (FG) im Trockner (9),
h) Transportieren des getrockneten Fasergemisches (FG) aus dem Trockner (9) in eine Streuvorrichtung (13),
i) Streuen des Fasergemisches (FG) zu einem Faserkuchen,
j) Verpressen des Faserkuchens zu einer Holzfaserplatte gewünschter Dicke in einer Heißpresse (15).

Figure imgaf001
The invention relates to a method for producing a fiberboard with the following steps:
a) defibration of wood chips (HS) in a refiner (4) into wood fibers (HF),
b) transporting the wood fibers (HF) produced in the refiner (4) into a gluing device (8),
c) mixing foreign fibers (FF) with an adhesive (KL) into a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in a mixer (7),
d) transporting the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion into the gluing device (8),
e) mixing the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion with the wood fibers (HF) into a fiber mixture (FG) in the gluing device (8),
f) transporting the fiber mixture (FG) from the gluing device (8) into a dryer (9),
g) drying the fiber mixture (FG) in the dryer (9),
h) transporting the dried fiber mixture (FG) from the dryer (9) into a spreading device (13),
i) spreading the fiber mixture (FG) into a fiber cake,
j) pressing the fiber cake into a fibreboard of desired thickness in a hot press (15).
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte.The invention relates to a method and a plant for producing a wood fiber board.

Faserplatten werden im Wesentlichen durch folgende Arbeitsschritte hergestellt:

  1. 1. Aufbereitung des Rohmaterials (Rundholz, Holzhackschnitzel),
  2. 2. Erzeugung des Faserstoffs,
  3. 3. Beleimung und Hydrophobierung,
  4. 4. eventuell Trocknung,
  5. 5. Formung eines Faserkuchens (Faservlies),
  6. 6. Verpressung des Faserkuchens zu einer Platte gewünschter Dicke.
Fiberboard is mainly produced by the following steps:
  1. 1. Preparation of the raw material (roundwood, wood chips),
  2. 2. generation of the pulp,
  3. 3. gluing and waterproofing,
  4. 4. possibly drying,
  5. 5. forming a fiber cake (non-woven fabric),
  6. 6. pressing the fiber cake to a plate of desired thickness.

Die verschiedenen Herstellungsverfahren unterscheiden sich vor allem in der Art der Bildung des Kuchens und der Verpressung. Je nachdem, ob Fasertransport und Kuchenbildung in Wasser oder Luft erfolgen, spricht man von Nass- oder Trockenverfahren. Beim Halbtrockenverfahren dient Luft zur Formung der Fasermatte, die Heißpressung des feuchten Faserstoffes erfolgt jedoch in ähnlicher Weise wie beim Nassverfahren. Verarbeitet werden vor allem Nadelhölzer, in zunehmendem Maße auch Laubhölzer. Soweit das Holz nicht bereits in kleinstückiger Form vorliegt, wird es zu Hackschnitzeln zerkleinert. Das Hackgut wird dann sortiert, mittels Magneten von Eisenteilen befreit, gewaschen und schließlich in Vorratsbunkern zwischengelagert. Ein Feuchtegehalt der Hackschnitzel/Späne von 50% bis 60% hat sich für die weitere Verarbeitung als günstig erwiesen.The different production methods differ mainly in the type of cake formation and pressing. Depending on whether fiber transport and cake formation take place in water or air, it is called wet or dry process. In the semi-dry process, air is used to form the fiber mat, but the hot pressing of the wet pulp is similar to the wet process. Above all, softwoods are being processed, and increasingly also hardwoods. As far as the wood is not already present in small pieces, it is shredded into chips. The wood chips are then sorted, freed of iron parts by means of magnets, washed and finally stored in storage bunkers. A moisture content the chips / shavings from 50% to 60% has proved favorable for further processing.

Vor der Zerfaserung werden die Hackschnitzel in einem Kocher gekocht bzw. gedämpft, um das Zellgefüge, insbesondere das Lignin, zu erweichen und damit eine schonende Auftrennung des Fasergewebes in einzelne Elemente zu ermöglichen. Die Vordämpftemperatur liegt bei etwa 180°C und die Behandlungszeit beträgt etwa drei Minuten. Aufgrund der thermischen Einwirkung gehen niedermolekulare Kohlenhydrate und Lignine in geringem Umfang in Lösung. Aus den Acetylgruppen des Holzes bilden sich Essigsäuren sowie in geringen Mengen Acetan-hydrid. Nach der Dämpfung werden die Hackschnitzel einem Refiner (Scheibenrefiner) zugeführt. Im Refiner erfolgt dann die Zerfaserung. Aufgrund des hohen Druckes von bis zu 8 bar und auch mehr im Refiner wird dieser von den Fasern mit hoher Geschwindigkeit verlassen. Die Fasern gelangen in einem Heißdampfstrom in die Beleimvorrichtung, eine Blasleitung (Blowline), in der die Beleimung der Fasern stattfindet. In der Blasleitung erfolgt die Beleimung der feuchten Fasern. Nach der Beleimung wird der Faserstrom in einen Trockner geführt und die beleimten Fasern dort getrocknet. Nach dem Trocknen werden die beleimten Fasern gesichtet und dann mittels einer Streuvorrichtung zum Faserkuchen gestreut. Dieser gestreute Faserkuchen wird dann in einer Heißpresse (Konti-Presse) zu einer Holzfaserplatte gewünschter Dicke verpresst.Before defibration, the chips are boiled or steamed in a cooker in order to soften the cell structure, in particular the lignin, and thus allow a gentle separation of the fiber fabric into individual elements. The pre-bake temperature is about 180 ° C and the treatment time is about three minutes. Due to the thermal effect, low molecular weight carbohydrates and lignins go to a small extent in solution. From the acetyl groups of the wood are formed acetic acids and small amounts of acetic anhydride. After damping, the chips are fed to a refiner (disc refiner). In the refiner then the defibration takes place. Due to the high pressure of up to 8 bar and more in the refiner this is left by the fibers at high speed. The fibers pass into the gluing device in a stream of superheated steam, a blow line in which the gluing of the fibers takes place. In the blowing line, the glueing of the wet fibers takes place. After gluing, the fiber stream is fed into a dryer and the glued fibers are dried there. After drying, the glued fibers are spotted and then scattered by means of a spreader to the fiber cake. This scattered fiber cake is then pressed in a hot press (Konti press) to a fiberboard of desired thickness.

Als Klebstoffe werden hauptsächlich Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harze (UF) verwendet. Alternativ dazu können diese Harze auch Melamin und/oder Phenol verstärkt ausgeführt sein (MUF, MUPF). Für Holzwerkstoffplatten für besondere Anwendungen werden auch Methylendiphynyldiisozianate (MDI) als Klebstoff vorgesehen.As adhesives mainly urea-formaldehyde resins (UF) are used. Alternatively, these resins can be made reinforced melamine and / or phenol (MUF, MUPF). For wood-based panels for special applications also Methylendiphynyldiisozianate (MDI) are provided as an adhesive.

Das Verfahren zur Nassbeleimung wird auch "Blowline"-Beleimungsverfahren genannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Klebstoff in das Förderrohr oder Blasrohr (Blowline) gesprüht, in dem der Fasertransport vom Refiner zum Trockner erfolgt. In " Deppe/Ernst, MDF-Mitteldichte Faserplatten", DRW-Verlag, ISBN 3-87181-329-X wird die Nassbeleimung auf Seiten 81 bis 84 ausführlich beschrieben. Das Prinzip besteht darin, dass der Klebstoff (Leim) in einen Faserstrom gedüst wird, der sich mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 150 m/s bis 500 m/s bewegt.The method of wet gluing is also called "blowline" gluing method. In this method, the adhesive is in the delivery pipe or blowpipe (Blowline) sprayed in the fiber transport from the refiner to the dryer. In " Deppe / Ernst, MDF medium density fiberboard ", DRW-Verlag, ISBN 3-87181-329-X, the wet gluing on pages 81-84 described in detail. The principle is that the adhesive (glue) is sprayed into a fiber stream that moves at a speed of 150 m / s to 500 m / s.

Um die mechanischen Festigkeiten von Holzwerkstoffplatten zu erhöhen, ist es bekannt, in die Deckschichten Gewebefasern einzustreuen. Eine solche Holzwerkstoffplatte ist beispielsweise in der EP 1 754 583 A1 offenbart.In order to increase the mechanical strengths of wood-based panels, it is known to scatter tissue fibers into the cover layers. Such a wood-based panel is for example in the EP 1 754 583 A1 disclosed.

Aus der US 3,231,458 A ist es bekannt, zunächst Holzpartikel und FremdFasern zu mischen, diese zu beleimen und anschließend zu verpressen. Da nicht alle Fasern gleich gut mischbar sind, ist dieses Verfahren nicht gut geeignet.From the US 3,231,458 A It is known to first mix wood particles and foreign fibers, to glue them and then to press. Since not all fibers are equally miscible, this method is not well suited.

Die EP 1 623 807 B1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Holzwerkstoffkörpers, bei dem Holzmaterial zu Holzspänen zerspant wird und bei dem fadenförmiges Fasermaterial zunächst zu einzelnen Fasern zerkleinert wird. Diese Fasern werden dann in die Holzspäne eingestreut und anschließend wird zumindest auf die Holzspäne ein Bindemittel (Leim) aufgebracht wird. Dabei können die Fasern auch zunächst gesammelt und anschließend mit den Holzspänen vermischt werden. Mit diesem Verfahren lassen sich möglicherweise Fasern gezielt zur Beeinflussung der mechanischen Eigenschaften einbringen, eine vollständige Verteilung und gute Vermischung von Fasern und Holzspäne in einem kontinuierlichen Herstellungsverfahren ist aber nur mit unvertretbar hohem Aufwand möglich. Die hierzu vorgeschlagenen Faserschneid- und Beleimvorrichtungen sind konstruktiv sehr aufwendig aufgebaut, deshalb teuer und in ihrer Handhabung kompliziert.The EP 1 623 807 B1 describes a method for producing a wooden material body, in which wood material is cut into wood chips and in which filamentary fiber material is first comminuted into individual fibers. These fibers are then interspersed in the wood chips and then at least on the wood chips, a binder (glue) is applied. The fibers can also be collected first and then mixed with the wood chips. With this method, it may be possible to introduce fibers specifically for influencing the mechanical properties, but complete distribution and good mixing of fibers and wood chips in a continuous production process is only possible with unacceptably high outlay. The fiber cutting and Beleimvorrichtungen proposed for this purpose are structurally very complex, therefore expensive and complicated to handle.

Aus dem Magazin "European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2011, 69: Seiten 199 bis 206 " ist es bekannt, in den Faserkuchen Netze einzulegen, die zuvor selbst in Klebstoff eingebettet wurden. Diese Netze sind jedoch nur in einer horizontalen Ebene der MDF-Platte vorgesehen, sodass nur bestimmte mechanische Eigenschaften beeinflussbar sind.From the Magazine "European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2011, 69: Pages 199 to 206 "It is known to lay in the fiber cake nets that were previously embedded themselves in adhesive, but these networks are provided only in a horizontal plane of the MDF board, so that only certain mechanical properties can be influenced.

Von dieser Problemstellung ausgehend soll ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte angegeben werden, mit dem es möglich ist, auf einfache Art und Weise die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Holzwerkstoffplatte zu verbessern und/oder gezielt zu beeinflussen. Ferner soll eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Anlage angegeben werden.Starting from this problem, a method for producing a fiberboard is to be specified, with which it is possible to improve the mechanical properties of the wood-based panel in a simple manner and / or to influence specifically. Furthermore, a suitable for carrying out the process plant should be specified.

Zur Problemlösung zeichnet sich ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Holzwerkstoffplatte durch folgende Schritte aus:

  1. a) Zerfasern von Holzschnitzeln in einem Refiner,
  2. b) Transportieren der im Refiner erzeugten Holzfasern in eine Beleimvorrichtung,
  3. c) Mischen von Fremdfasern mit einem Klebstoff zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in einem Mischer,
  4. d) Transportieren der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in die Beleimvorrichtung,
  5. e) Mischen der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion mit den Holzfasern zu einem Fasergemisch in der Beleimvorrichtung,
  6. f) Transportieren des Fasergemisches aus der Beleimvorrichtung in einen Trockner,
  7. g) Trocknen des Fasergemisches im Tockner,
  8. h) Transportieren des getrockneten Fasergemisches aus dem Trockner in eine Streuvorrichtung,
  9. i) Streuen des Fasergemisches zu einem Faserkuchen,
  10. j) Verpressen des Faserkuchens zu einer Holzfaserplatte gewünschter Dicke in einer Heißpresse.
To solve the problem, a method for producing a wood-based panel characterized by the following steps:
  1. a) defibration of wood chips in a refiner,
  2. b) transporting the wood fibers produced in the refiner into a gluing device,
  3. c) mixing foreign fibers with an adhesive into a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in a mixer,
  4. d) transporting the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion into the gluing device,
  5. e) mixing the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion with the wood fibers to form a fiber mixture in the gluing device,
  6. f) transporting the fiber mixture from the gluing device into a dryer,
  7. g) drying the fiber mixture in Tockner,
  8. h) transporting the dried fiber mixture from the dryer into a spreading device,
  9. i) spreading the fiber mixture into a fiber cake,
  10. j) pressing the fiber cake into a fibreboard of desired thickness in a hot press.

Von einem herkömmlichen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer MDF-Platte unterscheidet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dadurch, dass Fremdfasern beleimt werden und diese beleimten Fremdfasern in den Herstellungsprozess eingeschleust werden. Diese mit einem Leimüberschuss beleimten Fremdfasern werden im Folgenden Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion genannt. Diese Emulsion dient dazu, die herkömmlich aufbereiteten Holzfasern in der Beleimvorrichtung zu beleimen. Die Beleimung der Fasern erfolgt also nicht wie im bekannten MDF-Herstellungsverfahren nur mit einem Klebstoff, sondern mit dem Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Gemisch, der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion.From a conventional method for producing an MDF board, the method according to the invention differs in that foreign fibers are glued and these glued foreign fibers are introduced into the production process. These foreign fibers glued with a glue surplus are referred to below as a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion. This emulsion serves to glue the conventionally prepared wood fibers in the gluing device. The gluing of the fibers is thus not as in the known MDF production process only with an adhesive, but with the foreign-fiber adhesive mixture, the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion.

Hierzu wird die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in der Beleimvorrichtung vorzugsweise auf die in Bewegung befindlichen Holzfasern aufgesprüht. Dabei kann das Aufsprühen der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion auf die Holzfasern mit einem Druck zwischen 4 bar und 20 bar, vorzugsweise 12 bar, erfolgen.For this purpose, the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in the gluing device is preferably sprayed onto the wood fibers in motion. In this case, the spraying of the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion onto the wood fibers can take place at a pressure of between 4 bar and 20 bar, preferably 12 bar.

Es ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion und die Holzfasern in der Beleimvorrichtung zu einem homogenen Fasergemisch gemischt werden. Das Fasergemisch kann aus 10% bis 70% Holzfasern bestehen. Die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion besteht vorzugsweise aus 10% bis 70%, insbesondere vorzugsweise aus 50%, Klebstoff.It is preferably provided that the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion and the wood fibers in the gluing device are mixed to form a homogeneous fiber mixture. The fiber mixture can consist of 10% to 70% wood fibers. The extraneous-fiber adhesive emulsion preferably consists of 10% to 70%, particularly preferably 50%, of adhesive.

Als Fremdfasern können natürliche oder künstliche Fasern verwendet werden. Insbesondere sind Pflanzenfasern, insbesondere Baumwollfasern oder Stofffasern, bzw. Glasfasern, Mineralfasern oder Kunststofffasern oder ein Gemisch aus diversen Fasern geeignet.As foreign fibers, natural or artificial fibers can be used. In particular, plant fibers, in particular cotton fibers or fabric fibers, or glass fibers, mineral fibers or synthetic fibers or a mixture of various fibers are suitable.

Die Holzfasern werden aus dem Refiner vorzugsweise mittels Heißdampfs in die Beleimvorrichtung transportiert und in der Beleimvorrichtung als Holzfaser-Dampf-Strom gefördert.The wood fibers are transported from the refiner, preferably by means of superheated steam, into the gluing device and conveyed in the gluing device as a wood fiber-steam stream.

Eine Anlage zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zeichnet sich durch folgende Merkmale aus:

  • einen Refiner zum Aufschließen von Holzhackschnitzeln zu Holzfasern,
  • einem Mischer zum Mischen von Fremdfasern mit einem Klebstoff zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion,
  • einer Beleimvorrichtung zum Vermischen der Holzfasern mit der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion zu einem Fasergemisch,
  • einem Trockner zum Trocknen des Fasergemisches,
  • einer Streuvorrichtung zum Streuen des Fasergemisches zu einem Faserkuchen,
  • eine Heißpresse zum Verpressen des Faserkuchens zu einer Holzfaserplatte.
A plant for producing a wood fiber board according to the method of the invention is characterized by the following features:
  • a refiner for breaking woodchips into wood fibers,
  • a mixer for mixing foreign fibers with an adhesive into a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion,
  • a gluing device for mixing the wood fibers with the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion into a fiber mixture,
  • a dryer for drying the fiber mixture,
  • a spreader for spreading the fiber mixture into a fiber cake,
  • a hot press for pressing the fiber cake to a fiberboard.

Der Mischer kann ein Statikmischer oder auch ein Stator-Rotor-Mischer sein.The mixer may be a static mixer or a stator-rotor mixer.

Vorzugsweise weist die Beleimvorrichtung eine Mehrzahl hintereinander angeordneter Düsen auf. Eine solche Beleimvorrichtung ist an sich beispielsweise aus der EP 2 481 144 A1 bekannt.Preferably, the gluing device has a plurality of nozzles arranged one behind the other. Such Beleimvorrichtung is per se, for example, from EP 2 481 144 A1 known.

Zum Fördern der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion zu den Düsen ist vorzugsweise mindestens eine Pumpe, insbesondere eine Hochdruckpumpe, vorgesehen. Mit Hilfe einer Zeichnung soll ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung nachfolgend näher erläutert werden.For conveying the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion to the nozzles, at least one pump, in particular a high-pressure pump, is preferably provided. With the aid of a drawing, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1 -
ein Prozessschema zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte,
Figur 2 -
den mit "R" in Figur 1 bezeichneten Rohrabschnitt, der die Beleimvorrichtung bildet.
Show it:
FIG. 1 -
a process scheme for making a fiberboard,
FIG. 2 -
the one with "R" in FIG. 1 designated pipe section which forms the Beleimvorrichtung.

Anhand von Figur 1 soll das erfindungsgemäße Herstellverfahren erläutert werden. Bereitgestelltes Rundholz 1 wird zunächst in einem Zerspaner 2 zu Holzhackschnitzeln HS zerkleinert und in einem sich daran anschließenden Kocher 3 gewaschen und gekocht. Die so vorbereiteten Hackschnitzel HS werden dann in den Refiner 4 überführt, in dem sie zu Holzfasern HF aufgeschlossen werden. In einem Bunker 5 werden Fremdfasern FF zur Verfügung gestellt, die in einem Mischer 7 mit einem aus einem Behälter 6 zugeführten Klebstoff KL zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion vermischt werden. In einem Heißdampfstrom werden die Holzfasern HF aus dem Refiner 4 in den Rohrabschnitt R gefördert. Dieser Rohrabschnitt R bildet die Beleimvorrichtung 8 aus, die eine Blasleitung (Blowline) ist.Based on FIG. 1 If the manufacturing method according to the invention is to be explained. Provided roundwood 1 is first crushed in a chipper 2 to Holzhackschnitzeln HS and washed in an adjoining cooker 3 and cooked. The thus prepared chips HS are then transferred to the refiner 4, where they are digested to wood fibers HF. In a bunker 5 foreign fibers FF are provided, which are mixed in a mixer 7 with a supplied from a container 6 adhesive KL to a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion. In a superheated steam stream, the wood fibers HF are conveyed from the refiner 4 into the pipe section R. This tube section R forms the gluing device 8, which is a blow line (blowline).

In der Blowline (Figur 2) ist eine Mehrzahl von Beleimungsdüsen D1, D2, ..., Di, ... DL ringförmig um das Rohr R angeordnet. Am Anfang A der Beleimungszone BZ erweitert sich der Rohrquerschnitt d - betrachtet in Strömungsrichtungs-noch vor der ersten Beleimungsdüse D1 um bis zu 30%. Die Geschwindigkeit des Holzfaserstromes wird dadurch reduziert und die Verweildauer in der Beleimzone BZ erhöht. Am Ende E der Beleimungszone BZ wird - in Strömungsrichtung S betrachtet - hinter der letzten Beleimungsdüse DL der erweiterte Rohrquerschnitt wieder reduziert. Über die Düsen D1, D2, ..., DL wird die aus dem Mischer 7 geförderte Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion auf die Holzfasern HF aufgesprüht, sodass sich eine homogene Vermischung von Holzfasern und Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion zu einem Fasergemisch FG einstellt. Dieses Fasergemisch wird dann aus der Beleimvorrichtung 8 in den Trockner 9 überführt, in dem in einem Vortrockner 10 und einem Nachtrockner 11 der Wasserdampf, in dem das Fasergemisch gefördert wurde, und dem Holz Feuchte entzogen und der Klebstoff KL getrocknet wird. Nach dem Trockner 9 wird das Fasergemisch FG zur Klassierung in den Sichter 12 transportiert, von dem aus es dann in die Streuvorrichtung 13 gelangt. Über die Streuvorrichtung 13 wird das Fasergemisch FG auf ein hier nicht näher dargestelltes umlaufendes Transportband zu einem Faserkuchen gestreut. Dieser Faserkuchen wird über das Transportband durch eine Vorpresse 14 geführt und dann der Heißpresse 15 zugeleitet, in der er unter hohem Druck und hoher Temperatur zu einer Holzfaserplatte gewünschter Dicke verpresst wird. Hierbei schmilzt der Klebstoff KL auf und verbindet Holzfasern HF und Fremdfasern FF miteinander.In the Blowline ( FIG. 2 ) is a plurality of gluing nozzles D 1 , D 2 , ..., D i , ... D L arranged in a ring around the tube R. At the beginning A of the gluing zone BZ, the pipe cross-section d, viewed in the flow direction, widens by up to 30%, even before the first gluing nozzle D 1 . The speed of the wood fiber stream is thereby reduced and the residence time in the gluing zone BZ is increased. At the end E of the gluing zone BZ, the expanded tube cross-section is again reduced behind the last gluing nozzle D L, as viewed in the flow direction S. About the nozzles D 1 , D 2 , ..., D L funded from the mixer 7 foreign fiber adhesive emulsion on the wood fibers HF sprayed so that a homogeneous mixing of wood fibers and foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion sets to a fiber mixture FG. This fiber mixture is then transferred from the glueing device 8 in the dryer 9, in which in a pre-dryer 10 and a after-dryer 11, the water vapor in which the fiber mixture was promoted, and the moisture removed wood and the adhesive KL is dried. After the dryer 9, the fiber mixture FG is transported for classification in the classifier 12, from which it then enters the scattering device 13. About the scattering device 13, the fiber mixture FG is sprinkled on a not shown here in detail revolving conveyor belt to a fiber cake. This fiber cake is passed over the conveyor belt through a pre-press 14 and then fed to the hot press 15, in which it is pressed under high pressure and high temperature to a wood fiber plate of desired thickness. In this case, the adhesive melts on KL and combines wood fibers HF and foreign fibers FF together.

Als Fremdfasern FF kommt jede Art von Fasern in Frage, die mit einem geeigneten Klebstoff KL beleimt werden kann. Kunstfasern, wie Glasfasern, Kunststofffaser oder dünne zu Fasern gezogene Drähte können ebenso verwendet werden, wie Pflanzenfasern, insbesondere Bumwollfasern, oder Stofffasern. Die Auswahl geeigneter Fremdfasern FF bestimmt die mechanischen Eigenschaften der fertigen Holzfaserplatte. Wenn das Plattengewicht gegenüber einer herkömmlichen MDF-Platte reduziert werden soll, bietet es sich an, hier Fremdfasern FF eines Materials mit niedrigerer Dichte als die verwendeten Holzfasern HF zu verwenden. Soll die Biegefestigkeit gegenüber eine herkömmlich gefertigten MDF-Platte erhöht werden, bietet es sich beispielsweise an, als Fremdfasern FF Glasfasern zu verwenden. Als Klebstoff KL werden die bei der MDF-Plattenherstellung üblichen Klebstoffe, wie Harnstoff-Formaldehydharze (UF), die auch Melamin und/oder Phenol verstärkt ausgeführt sein können (MUF, MUPF) oder auch Methylendiphenyldiisozianate (MDI) eingesetzt werden.As foreign fibers FF is any kind of fibers in question, which can be glued with a suitable adhesive KL. Synthetic fibers such as glass fibers, plastic fibers, or thin wires drawn into fibers may also be used, such as vegetable fibers, especially bum wool fibers, or cloth fibers. The selection of suitable foreign fibers FF determines the mechanical properties of the finished fiberboard. If the plate weight is to be reduced compared to a conventional MDF plate, it is advisable to use here foreign fibers FF of a material of lower density than the wood fibers HF used. If the bending strength is to be increased compared with a conventionally produced MDF board, it is suitable, for example, to use glass fibers as foreign fibers. The adhesives KL used are the adhesives customary in MDF board production, such as urea-formaldehyde resins (UF), which may also be melamine-reinforced and / or phenol-reinforced (MUF, MUPF) or also methylenediphenyl diisocianates (MDI).

Die Beleimvorrichtung 8 kann auch mit einem konstanten Leitungsquerschnitt ausgeführt sein. Es muss aber sichergestellt sein, dass eine Zerstäubungsenergie vorhanden ist, die eine homogene Verteilung der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion auf den Holzfasern ermöglicht, sodass sich ein homogenes Fasergemisch FG ausbilden kann.The glueing device 8 can also be designed with a constant line cross-section. However, it must be ensured that a sputtering energy is present, which allows a homogeneous distribution of the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion on the wood fibers, so that a homogeneous fiber mixture FG can form.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Rundholzspar
22
Zerspanerchipper
33
KocherStove
44
Refinerrefiner
55
Bunkerbunker
66
Behältercontainer
77
Mischermixer
88th
Beleimvorrichtung / BlowlineGluing device / Blowline
99
Trocknerdryer
1010
Vortrocknerpre-dryer
1111
Nachtrocknerafter-dryer
1212
Sichtersifter
1313
Streuvorrichtungspreader
1414
Vorpressepre-press
1515
Heißpressehot press
AA
AnfangBeginning
BZBZ
BeleimzoneBeleimzone
Di D i
Düsejet
dd
Durchmesserdiameter
Ee
EndeThe End
FFFF
Fremdfaserforeign fiber
FGFG
Fasergemischfiber mixture
HFHF
Holzfaserwood fiber
HSHS
Hackschnitzelwood chips
PP
Pumpepump
RR
Rohrabschnittpipe section
SS
Strömungsrichtungflow direction

Claims (14)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Holzfaserplatte mit folgenden Schritten: a) Zerfasern von Holzhackschnitzeln (HS) in einem Refiner (4) zu Holzfasern (HF), b) Transportieren der im Refiner (4) erzeugten Holzfasern (HF) in eine Beleimvorrichtung (8), c) Mischen von Fremdfasern (FF) mit einem Klebstoff (KL) zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in einem Mischer (7), d) Transportieren der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in die Beleimvorrichtung (8), e) Mischen der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion mit den Holzfasern (HF) zu einem Fasergemisch (FG) in der Beleimvorrichtung (8), f) Transportieren des Fasergemisches (FG) aus der Beleimvorrichtung (8) in einen Trockner (9), g) Trocknen des Fasergemisches (FG) im Trockner (9), h) Transportieren des getrockneten Fasergemisches (FG) aus dem Trockner (9) in eine Streuvorrichtung (13), i) Streuen des Fasergemisches (FG) zu einem Faserkuchen, j) Verpressen des Faserkuchens zu einer Holzfaserplatte gewünschter Dicke in einer Heißpresse (15). Method for producing a fiberboard with the following steps: a) defibration of wood chips (HS) in a refiner (4) into wood fibers (HF), b) transporting the wood fibers (HF) produced in the refiner (4) into a gluing device (8), c) mixing foreign fibers (FF) with an adhesive (KL) into a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in a mixer (7), d) transporting the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion into the gluing device (8), e) mixing the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion with the wood fibers (HF) into a fiber mixture (FG) in the gluing device (8), f) transporting the fiber mixture (FG) from the gluing device (8) into a dryer (9), g) drying the fiber mixture (FG) in the dryer (9), h) transporting the dried fiber mixture (FG) from the dryer (9) into a spreading device (13), i) spreading the fiber mixture (FG) into a fiber cake, j) pressing the fiber cake into a fibreboard of desired thickness in a hot press (15). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion in der Beleimvorrichtung (8) auf die in Bewegung befindlichen Holfasern (HF) aufgesprüht wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion in the gluing device (8) is sprayed onto the moving hollow fibers (HF). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufsprühen der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion auf die Holzfasern (HF) mit einem Druck zwischen 4 bar und 20 bar, vorzugsweise 12 bar, erfolgt.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the spraying of the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion onto the wood fibers (HF) takes place at a pressure between 4 bar and 20 bar, preferably 12 bar. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion und die Holzfasern (HF) in der Beleimvorrichtung (8) zu einem homogenen Fasergemisch (FG) gemischt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion and the wood fibers (HF) in the gluing device (8) are mixed to form a homogeneous fiber mixture (FG). Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fasergemisch (FG) aus 10% bis 70% Holzfasern (HF) besteht.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber mixture (FG) consists of 10% to 70% wood fibers (HF). Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion aus 10% bis 70%, vorzugsweise 50%, Klebstoff (KL) besteht.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion consists of 10% to 70%, preferably 50%, adhesive (KL). Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fremdfasern (FF) natürliche oder künstliche Fasern sind.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foreign fibers (FF) are natural or artificial fibers. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fremdfasern Pflanzenfasern, insbesondere Bauwollfasern, oder Stofffasern oder Glasfasern, Mineralfasern, Kunststofffasern oder ein Gemisch aus diesen Fasern sind.A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the foreign fibers are plant fibers, especially cotton fibers, or fabric fibers or glass fibers, mineral fibers, plastic fibers or a mixture of these fibers. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzfasern (HF) aus dem Refiner (4) mittels Heißdampfs in die Beleimvorrichtung (8) transportiert werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wood fibers (HF) from the refiner (4) are transported by means of superheated steam into the gluing device (8). Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzfasern (HF) als Holzfaser-Dampf-Strom durch die Beleimvorrichtung (8) transportiert werden.A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the wood fibers (HF) are transported as wood fiber-steam flow through the glueing device (8). Anlage zur Herstellung der Holzwerkstoffplatte nach dem Verfahren gemäß mindestens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche mit: - einem Refiner (4) zum Aufschließen von Holzhackschnitzeln (HS) zu Holzfasern (HF), - einem Mischer (7) zum Mischen von Fremdfasern (FF) mit einem Klebstoff (KL) zu einer Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion, - einer Beleimvorrichtung (8) zum Vermischen der Holzfasern (HF) mit der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion zu einem Fasergemisch (FG), - einem Trockner (9) zum Trocknen des Fasergemisches (FG), - einer Streuvorrichtung (13) zum Streuen des Fasergemisches (FG) zu einem Faserkuchen, - einer Heißpresse (15) zum Verpressen des Faserkuchens zu einer Holzwerkstoffplatte gewünschter Dicke. Plant for producing the wood-based panel according to the method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising: a refiner (4) for breaking up wood chips (HS) into wood fibers (HF), a mixer (7) for mixing foreign fibers (FF) with an adhesive (KL) into a foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion, a gluing device (8) for mixing the wood fibers (HF) with the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion to form a fiber mixture (FG), a dryer (9) for drying the fiber mixture (FG), a spreading device (13) for spreading the fiber mixture (FG) into a fiber cake, - A hot press (15) for pressing the fiber cake to a wood-based panel of desired thickness. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beleimvorrichtung (8) eine Mehrzahl hintereinander angeordneter Düsen (D1, D2, ..., Di, ... DL) aufweist.A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the gluing device (8) has a plurality of nozzles (D 1 , D 2 , ..., D i , ... D L ) arranged one behind the other. Anlage nach Anspruch 12, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine Pumpe (P) zum Fördern der Fremdfaser-Klebstoff-Emulsion zu den Düsen (D1, D2, ..., Di, ..., DL).Installation according to claim 12, characterized by at least one pump (P) for conveying the foreign-fiber adhesive emulsion to the nozzles (D 1 , D 2 , ..., D i , ..., D L ). Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischer (7) ein Statikmischer oder ein Stator/Rotor-Mischer ist.Installation according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the mixer (7) is a static mixer or a stator / rotor mixer.
EP14001545.4A 2014-05-02 2014-05-02 Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard Active EP2939807B1 (en)

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PL14001545T PL2939807T3 (en) 2014-05-02 2014-05-02 Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard
ES14001545.4T ES2623824T3 (en) 2014-05-02 2014-05-02 Procedure and installation to manufacture a wood fiber panel
EP14001545.4A EP2939807B1 (en) 2014-05-02 2014-05-02 Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard
PT140015454T PT2939807T (en) 2014-05-02 2014-05-02 Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wood fibreboard

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EP1754583A1 (en) 2005-08-17 2007-02-21 Kronotec Ag Wood based panel and method for the production thereof
EP1623807B1 (en) 2004-08-06 2009-03-11 Fritz Egger GmbH & Co Method and device for producing a wood-based object
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DE10330756A1 (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-02-17 Jupiter Gmbh Fiberous material production for subsequent use with binder for pressing into panels involves mixing wood based fibers and particles with plastic fibers and particles recovered from recycled material
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