EP2936630B1 - Spark gap arrangement and method for securing a spark gap arrangement - Google Patents
Spark gap arrangement and method for securing a spark gap arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2936630B1 EP2936630B1 EP13802685.1A EP13802685A EP2936630B1 EP 2936630 B1 EP2936630 B1 EP 2936630B1 EP 13802685 A EP13802685 A EP 13802685A EP 2936630 B1 EP2936630 B1 EP 2936630B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact connection
- spark gap
- gap arrangement
- electrode tip
- discharge chamber
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/24—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having movable electrodes
- H01T13/26—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having movable electrodes for adjusting spark gap otherwise than by bending of electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/02—Details
- H01T13/08—Mounting, fixing or sealing of sparking plugs, e.g. in combustion chamber
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/02—Details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark gap arrangement which is protected against manipulation.
- a trigger spark gap usually has at least two main electrodes and a trigger electrode.
- the electrodes are arranged in a gas-filled space.
- a spark gap between the trigger electrode and one of the main electrodes is ignited.
- an ionized path is created in the gas-filled space through which a current flows between the trigger electrode and the one main electrode.
- the ignition by means of the trigger electrode is then achieved that forms another conductive channel between the two main electrodes, which allows a current flow between the main electrodes.
- Such triggerable spark gaps can be used for example as a surge arrester.
- Another application is, for example, in the targeted switching of high voltage.
- the FR 2479587 and WO 2007/150048 show spark gaps.
- the FR 2479587 describes a triggerable spark gap, in which the electrode head can be moved hydraulically or pneumatically.
- the switching between the main electrodes becomes instantaneous triggered by applying the trigger pulse to the trigger electrode.
- a typical delay time, also referred to by the English term “delay time”, for a gas-filled trigger spark gap may be in the range of less than 1 ⁇ s.
- the delay time depends on the magnitude of the generator voltage at the main electrodes in relation to their self-breakdown voltage, SBV for short. The lower the generator voltage, the longer the delay time. It is also dependent on the level of the trigger voltage. The lower the trigger voltage, the greater the delay time. By tuning the above variables, the delay time can be adjusted to some extent.
- a large delay time is desired.
- a typical value is a delay time greater than 15 ⁇ s. It should be noted that gas-filled trigger spark gaps with a current of greater than 500 A and a delay time of less than or equal to 15 ⁇ s may be subject to restrictions as regards their use and export.
- the delay time can be influenced as outlined above, it is not possible to achieve an ignition delay for a gas-filled trigger spark gap, which statistically reliably exceeds a high limit value, such as 15 ⁇ s. Rather, the values of the delay time are very high and there is still a fraction in a batch with a delay time of less than 15 ⁇ s.
- an ignition delay circuit may be provided in the trigger spark gap, which causes the predetermined time delay between the trigger pulse and the breakdown is maintained.
- the delay time is above the typical limit of 15 ⁇ s.
- a spark gap arrangement having the features of patent claim 1, namely a spark gap having a discharge chamber, an electrode head and a contact terminal arranged outside the discharge chamber, wherein the electrode head is electrically conductively connected to the contact terminal and is mechanically coupled in such a way that, upon removal of the spark plug Contact terminal from its position or upon reaching the contact terminal a predetermined position, the electrically conductive connection is interrupted and the electrode head is mechanically decoupled from the contact terminal, so that the electrode head is movable in the direction of the discharge chamber and / or within the discharge chamber.
- the discharge chamber is a gas-filled, for example, air-filled, space in which the discharge or spark gap formation between electrodes can take place. He can be completed.
- the discharge chamber may be delimited by insulator and / or electrode walls.
- the electrode head is an electrically conductive part, at which a transition of the current supplied through the terminal contact can be made in the gaseous medium in the discharge chamber.
- the electrode head may include the trigger electrode in a trigger gap. It can terminate with an insulating wall of the discharge chamber or at least partially or completely protrude into the charge chamber interior.
- the control and supply of the electrode head takes place via the contact connection.
- an ignition delay circuit is connected to the contact terminal.
- Such a compound is usually difficult or impossible to solve.
- the electrode head to both be electrically decoupled, which prevents the application of a voltage and in particular a trigger pulse, as well as mechanically decoupled, so that the electrode head is movable from its position and can fall into the discharge chamber interior due to gravity or by spring force.
- An electrode head already positioned inside is no longer held in position and is movable in the discharge chamber. In both cases, the electrode head, for example, by vibration, to move away from its position relative to the main electrodes, which affects the function of the spark gap assembly.
- An detached electrode head located in the charge chamber interior can no longer be coupled to the contact connection, so that the functionality of the spark gap arrangement is permanently disturbed. Thus, not only an ignition delay below the predetermined value, but the operation of the entire spark gap arrangement is suppressed.
- the spark gap arrangement which is a trigger spark gap
- its function is ensured by the fact that the electrode head of the trigger electrode maintains its normal position relative to the main electrode and the electrical connection to the contact terminal and thus the Zündverzögerungsscrien exists.
- the spark gap assembly includes a coupling mechanism having a first coupling part that includes the contact terminal and a second coupling part that includes the electrode head.
- the first coupling part is movable relative to the second coupling part.
- the permanent mechanical decoupling does not necessarily have to take place even with the slightest movement of the contact connection, as can occur, for example, during rough operation, but can also take place as soon as the contact connection has reached a predetermined position.
- the predetermined position is the minimum change in position of the contact terminal, in which the first coupling part and the second Coupling have such a distance from each other that the mechanical decoupling is permanent, or irreversible.
- the separation of the electrical connection and the permanent separation of the mechanical connection need not necessarily coincide. Already at low deflection of the contact terminal can interrupt the electrical connection, but the mechanical decoupling is not permanent.
- the permanent decoupling can be done after the electrical, as soon as the contact terminal has reached a predetermined position.
- the decoupled electrode head which is movable in the direction of the discharge chamber space or within the discharge chamber, can leave its original position after decoupling and move within the discharge chamber driven by gravity and movement changes of the spark gap arrangement. This is one way to achieve permanent decoupling. Movements during operation or gravity may be sufficient for the decoupled electrode head to slip out of its positional support.
- the electrode head is coupled to the contact terminal via a magnetic connection.
- the first or the second coupling part may comprise this magnet.
- the magnet is provided in the first coupling part and holds the electrode head in position by the magnetic material properties. As soon as the first coupling part is moved relative to the second coupling part when the contact connection is removed from its position or into a predetermined position, the magnet is also moved away from the electrode head. In this case, the magnetic force of attraction to the electrode head is no longer sufficient to hold it in place.
- the magnetization decreases to such an extent that the electrode head can no longer be held fast. Even at high accelerations of the spark gap arrangement, the magnetic connection can solve.
- the spark gap arrangement comprises an ejection mechanism which is triggered when the contact terminal is removed from its position or when the contact terminal of a predetermined position is reached.
- This ejection mechanism is suitable for moving the electrode head in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and / or within the discharge chamber.
- This ejection mechanism allows the movement of the electrode head from its original position also against gravity or regardless of its position to gravity. A movement with gravity, ie in a vertical position, is assisted by the ejection mechanism, which enables the safe and permanent decoupling of the electrode head by pushing the electrode head into the discharge chamber interior.
- the previously flawless function of the spark gap arrangement is interrupted and can not be restored by manipulation in the back room of the switch. The spark gap arrangement becomes unusable.
- this spark gap arrangement is due to both mechanical and magnetic properties a Force exerted on the electrode head, by means of which the electrode head is moved from its original position. This overrides the function of the spark gap arrangement if an attempt is made to manipulate the contact pad, for example by removing the delay time electronics from the trigger gap.
- the ejection mechanism includes a spring member that is retained by a catch in a preloaded condition. Upon release of the ejection mechanism, the lock releases the spring element and the spring force acting on the electrode head pushes it out of position.
- a spring element is a component which yields under load and, after discharge from the prestressed state, returns to the original shape, that is to say it behaves elastically restoring.
- tension or compression springs are used, which experience a change in length under load. Examples of this are helical compression coil springs or leaf springs.
- the first or the second coupling part comprises a guide bush in which the spring element is positioned.
- a guide bushing keeps the spring element in the pretensioned state in its position and, after unlocking, allows the targeted guidance of the restoring spring in the direction of the electrode head.
- a guide bush for example, pot-shaped or sleeve-shaped.
- the spring element is a helical compression spring whose length is reduced in the prestressed state. It can be positioned adjacent to the inner walls of the guide bush and also offers in the center Space for other components of the coupling mechanism, such as the magnet.
- the lock can be moved from a position blocking the return of the spring element to a position in which it releases the return of the spring element.
- the barrier is positioned to obstruct the return of the expanding spring.
- the first and the second coupling part are coupled in such a way that the movement of the barrier is initially blocked and, on removal of the contact connection from its position or upon reaching the contact connection in a predetermined position, is made possible.
- a movable ejector may be provided, which is arranged between the spring element and the electrode head.
- the lock engages in this ejector, so that its movement is blocked and the spring element is held in its biased state.
- the spring element moves back to its original shape and thereby moves the ejector in the direction of the electrode head, so that it is pushed out of its original position and pushes the electrode head into the discharge chamber interior.
- a barrier as described above may comprise a ball or a pin, that is a cylindrical element. These are positioned in a recess of the guide bushing.
- a retaining means blocks the movement of the ball or the pin in the position in which the provision of the spring element is released, so at Removal of the contact terminal from its position or on reaching the contact terminal of a predetermined position, the ball or the pin away from the retaining means in the position in which the provision of the spring element is released, are moved.
- a retaining means may be a wall, a pot or a sleeve, which prevent the ball or the pin during normal operation of the movement with which the spring element is released.
- the corresponding method for securing a spark gap arrangement, as described above, against manipulation comprises removing the contact connection from its position, interrupting the electrically conductive connection, mechanically decoupling the electrode head from the contact connection and the electrode head in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and / or inside the discharge chamber is moved and when removing the contact terminal from its position or when reaching the contact terminal in a predetermined position of the electrode head is permanently decoupled from the contact terminal mechanically.
- the single FIGURE shows a cross-sectional detail of an essential part of an embodiment of a spark gap arrangement.
- the spark gap arrangement in this case a trigger spark gap, comprises a discharge chamber 6, which is shown in sections, with two main electrodes (not shown), which may be arranged, for example, in the discharge chamber 6 at the end. Further, a trigger head 3 serving as an electrode is provided between the main electrodes, which is driven via a contact terminal 9 by an ignition delay circuit (not shown).
- the contact terminal 9 and the Zündverzögerungsscnies are advantageously at least difficult to detachably connected to each other.
- the contact terminal 9 may also be an integral part of the Zündverzögerungsscnies.
- the section of the spark gap arrangement shows the coupling mechanism with a first coupling part 1 and a second coupling part 2.
- the second coupling part 2 comprises the trigger head 3 with an electrode head 4 and a magnetic connecting piece 5 which is connected to the electrode head 4.
- the materials of the electrode head 4 and connector 5 may differ, allowing material optimization with respect to their respective function.
- the trigger head 3 may be integrally formed of metal, which may be held by a magnet or is itself a magnetic metal (not shown).
- the electrode head 4 is in a recess in the electrically insulating wall 20 of the discharge chamber 6 positioned so that its bottom is flush. This recess serves as a frame for the electrode head receptacle and position holder.
- Alternative embodiments comprise an electrode head 4 projecting into the discharge chamber 6, an electrode head 4 positioned inside the discharge chamber or recessed with respect to the wall 20 (not shown).
- the first coupling part 1 comprises a contact terminal 9, which merges into a cylindrical connecting piece 10.
- the terminal 9 and the connector 10 may be made in two parts.
- a recess is provided, in which a, in this embodiment, cylindrical, magnet 11 is located.
- the connecting piece 10 and the magnet 11 can also be made in one piece. Other shapes are conceivable.
- the first coupling part 1 also has a cup-shaped guide bushing 8, protruding from the bottom of the terminal contact 9.
- the side walls of the guide bush 8 are spaced around the connector 10.
- the Guide bushing 8 and the connecting part 10 and the contact terminal 9 are connected to each other.
- a spring element 13 in this case a helical compression spring is provided.
- a sleeve-shaped ejector 14 is provided, which is positioned around the connecting piece 10 continuously between the spring element 13 and the trigger head 3.
- the ejector sleeve 14 has at its the spring element 13 facing edge a flange 15. The spring element 13 is clamped between the bottom of the guide bushing 8 and the flange 13, so that it is in a prestressed state.
- the region of the guide bush 8 facing the trigger head 3 is positioned in a pot 18 running around the outside through whose bottom the lower region of the connecting piece 10 extends to the trigger head 3.
- the side walls of the guide bush 8 extend completely or partially into the pot 18 inside.
- a sleeve or wall is conceivable.
- the pot 18 is connected to the recess 20 for the electrode head 4 forming walls, so that both the guide bushing 8 and the decoupled electrode head 4 are movable to the pot 18.
- recesses 17 are provided in the trigger head 3 facing region of the guide bush 8, which is positioned in the pot 18.
- locks can be performed below the flange 15 to the ejector 14.
- balls 16 provided.
- two opposing balls 16 may be provided which are in the recesses between the inner wall of the pot and the outer side of the ejection sleeve. More than two balls are also possible. Already one ball can be enough.
- the size of the balls 16 is chosen so that they protrude over the inner wall of the guide bush 8 when lying against the inner wall of the pot and prevent it from moving in the direction of the electrode head 4 below the flange 15. As a result, both the ejector sleeve 14 and the prestressed spring element 13 are held in position.
- the spring element 13 is enclosed in the guide bush 8 and impeded by the ball lock in its power development, as long as the balls 16 are held by the pot 18 in position.
- the first coupling part 1 can be held in its position in the spark gap system during normal operation by holding means 19, for example hooks, springs or snap connections, which for example attach to the guide bush 8.
- holding means 19 permit a movement of the guide bush 8, which leads to the decoupling of the electrode head 4, even at slight manipulations at the contact connection 9, for example the attempted removal of the delay circuit attached thereto (not shown).
- a coupling mechanism such as described above, allows in the normal operating mode of the spark gap arrangement their proper functioning in that the electrode head 4 maintains its position relative to the main electrode and also the electrically conductive connection to the contact terminal 9 is maintained. This will achieved in that the electrode head 4 is coupled via the magnetic connection 12 to the contact terminal 9.
- About this contact terminal 9 can be done from a back room serving as a switch spark gap arrangement on the delay time circuit, the supply of trigger voltage and current.
- the magnetic connection 12 is first interrupted to the electrode head 4, since both the guide bush 8 and the contact terminal 9 and the connecting element 10 with the inside Magnets 11 are moved away from the electrode head 4.
- the balls 16, the flange 15 acts on the spring force, escape to the outside and release the spring-loaded ejector sleeve 14.
- the ejector sleeve 14 will push the electrode head 4 of the trigger electrode, also against gravity, into the main discharge gap 7 or into the discharge chamber interior. This causes a permanent mechanical decoupling and prevents the function of the spark gap arrangement.
- the interruption of the electrical and mechanical contact with the electrode head 4 takes place in the event that the contact terminal 9 and thus the supply to the delay circuit manipulated or the delay circuit is to be removed.
- the magnetic attraction force to the electrode head 4 is no longer sufficient to hold this.
- the spring force acts, so that the electrode head 4 in the Discharge chamber 6 is moved. The function of the spark gap arrangement is thereby permanently prevented.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkenstreckenanordnung, die gegen Manipulationen geschützt ist.The invention relates to a spark gap arrangement which is protected against manipulation.
Funkenstreckenanordnungen werden vielfältig eingesetzt. Eine Ausführung ist eine triggerbare Funkenstrecke, welche auch als Triggerfunkenstrecke bezeichnet wird. Eine Triggerfunkenstrecke weist üblicherweise wenigstens zwei Hauptelektroden und eine Triggerelektrode auf. Beispielsweise sind die Elektroden in einem gasgefüllten Raum angeordnet. Durch Anlegen einer entsprechenden Triggerspannung an die Triggerelektrode wird eine Funkenstrecke zwischen der Triggerelektrode und einer der Hauptelektroden gezündet. Beispielsweise entsteht dabei in dem gasgefüllten Raum eine ionisierte Strecke, über die ein Strom zwischen der Triggerelektrode und der einen Hauptelektrode fließt. Durch die Zündung mittels der Triggerelektrode wird dann erreicht, dass sich ein weiterer leitender Kanal zwischen den beiden Hauptelektroden ausbildet, der einen Stromfluss zwischen den Hauptelektroden ermöglicht.Spark gap arrangements are used in many ways. One embodiment is a triggerable spark gap, which is also referred to as a trigger spark gap. A trigger spark gap usually has at least two main electrodes and a trigger electrode. For example, the electrodes are arranged in a gas-filled space. By applying a corresponding trigger voltage to the trigger electrode, a spark gap between the trigger electrode and one of the main electrodes is ignited. For example, an ionized path is created in the gas-filled space through which a current flows between the trigger electrode and the one main electrode. By the ignition by means of the trigger electrode is then achieved that forms another conductive channel between the two main electrodes, which allows a current flow between the main electrodes.
Solche triggerbaren Funkenstrecken können beispielsweise als Überspannungsableiter verwendet werden. Eine andere Anwendungsmöglichkeit besteht beispielsweise in der gezielten Durchschaltung von Hochspannung.Such triggerable spark gaps can be used for example as a surge arrester. Another application is, for example, in the targeted switching of high voltage.
Die
Die
Bei herkömmlichen triggerbaren Funkenstrecken wird das Durchschalten zwischen den Hauptelektroden unmittelbar mittels des Anlegens des Triggerimpulses an die Triggerelektrode ausgelöst.In conventional triggerable spark gaps, the switching between the main electrodes becomes instantaneous triggered by applying the trigger pulse to the trigger electrode.
Eine typische Verzögerungszeit, auch mit dem englischen Begriff "delay time" bezeichnet, für eine gasgefüllte Triggerfunkenstrecke kann im Bereich von weniger als 1 µs liegen. Die Verzögerungszeit ist hierbei abhängig von der Höhe der Generatorspannung an den Hauptelektroden im Verhältnis zu ihrer Selbstdurchbruchspannung, kurz SBV. Je geringer die Generatorspannung ist, desto größer wird die Verzögerungszeit. Sie ist darüber hinaus auch abhängig von der Höhe der Triggerspannung. Je niedriger die Triggerspannung ist, desto größer ist die Verzögerungszeit. Durch Abstimmung der oben genannten Variablen kann die Verzögerungszeit bis zu einem gewissen Grad eingestellt werden.A typical delay time, also referred to by the English term "delay time", for a gas-filled trigger spark gap may be in the range of less than 1 μs. The delay time depends on the magnitude of the generator voltage at the main electrodes in relation to their self-breakdown voltage, SBV for short. The lower the generator voltage, the longer the delay time. It is also dependent on the level of the trigger voltage. The lower the trigger voltage, the greater the delay time. By tuning the above variables, the delay time can be adjusted to some extent.
In manchen Anwendungen ist eine große Verzögerungszeit gewünscht. Ein typischer Wert ist eine Verzögerungszeit, die größer als 15 µs sein soll. Hierzu sei bemerkt, dass gasgefüllte Triggerfunkenstrecken mit einem Strom von größer als 500 A und einer Verzögerungszeit kleiner oder gleich 15 µs Restriktionen hinsichtlich ihrer Nutzung und Ausfuhr unterliegen können.In some applications, a large delay time is desired. A typical value is a delay time greater than 15 μs. It should be noted that gas-filled trigger spark gaps with a current of greater than 500 A and a delay time of less than or equal to 15 μs may be subject to restrictions as regards their use and export.
Obgleich die Verzögerungszeit wie oben skizziert beeinflussbar ist, ist es jedoch nicht möglich, eine Zündverzögerung für eine gasgefüllte Triggerfunkenstrecke zu erreichen, die statistisch zuverlässig einen hohen Grenzwert, wie 15 µs, überschreitet. Vielmehr ist es so, dass die Werte der Verzögerungszeit stark streuen und in einer Charge immer noch einen Anteil mit einer Verzögerungszeit von weniger als 15 µs vorhanden ist.Although the delay time can be influenced as outlined above, it is not possible to achieve an ignition delay for a gas-filled trigger spark gap, which statistically reliably exceeds a high limit value, such as 15 μs. Rather, the values of the delay time are very high and there is still a fraction in a batch with a delay time of less than 15 μs.
Um diese Anforderungen zu erfüllen, kann deshalb in der Triggerfunkenstrecke eine Zündverzögerungsschaltung vorgesehen sein, die bewirkt, dass die vorgegebene Zeitverzögerung zwischen dem Triggerimpuls und dem Durchschlag eingehalten wird. So kann die Bedingung erfüllt werden, dass die Verzögerungszeit über dem typischen Grenzwert von 15 µs liegt.To meet these requirements, therefore, an ignition delay circuit may be provided in the trigger spark gap, which causes the predetermined time delay between the trigger pulse and the breakdown is maintained. Thus, the condition can be satisfied that the delay time is above the typical limit of 15 μs.
Angesichts der angestrebten unbedingten Einhaltung der gewünschten minimalen Verzögerungszeit soll eine solche Funkenstrecke gegen Manipulationen der Verzögerungszeit geschützt werden. Insbesondere soll verhindert werden, die Zündverzögerungsschaltung außer Kraft zu setzen.Given the desired unconditional compliance with the desired minimum delay time, such a spark gap should be protected against manipulation of the delay time. In particular, to prevent the ignition delay circuit to be disabled.
Dieses Problem wird gelöst durch eine Funkenstreckenanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1, nämlich eine Funkenstrecke mit einer Entladungskammer, einem Elektrodenkopf und einem außerhalb der Entladungskammer angeordneten Kontaktanschluss, wobei der Elektrodenkopf mit dem Kontaktanschluss elektrisch leitend verbunden und mechanisch derart gekoppelt ist, dass bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses einer vorgegebene Position die elektrisch leitende Verbindung unterbrochen wird und der Elektrodenkopf vom Kontaktanschluss mechanisch entkoppelt wird, sodass der Elektrodenkopf in Richtung des Entladungskammerinneren und/oder innerhalb der Entladungskammer beweglich ist.This problem is solved by a spark gap arrangement having the features of patent claim 1, namely a spark gap having a discharge chamber, an electrode head and a contact terminal arranged outside the discharge chamber, wherein the electrode head is electrically conductively connected to the contact terminal and is mechanically coupled in such a way that, upon removal of the spark plug Contact terminal from its position or upon reaching the contact terminal a predetermined position, the electrically conductive connection is interrupted and the electrode head is mechanically decoupled from the contact terminal, so that the electrode head is movable in the direction of the discharge chamber and / or within the discharge chamber.
Die Entladungskammer ist ein gasgefüllter, beispielsweise luftgefüllter, Raum, in dem die Entladung beziehungsweise Funkenstreckenbildung zwischen Elektroden erfolgen kann. Er kann abgeschlossen sein. Die Entladungskammer kann von Isolatoren- und/oder Elektrodenwänden begrenzt sein.The discharge chamber is a gas-filled, for example, air-filled, space in which the discharge or spark gap formation between electrodes can take place. He can be completed. The discharge chamber may be delimited by insulator and / or electrode walls.
Der Elektrodenkopf ist ein elektrisch leitendes Teil, an dem ein Übergang des durch den Anschlusskontakt zugeführten Stroms in das gasförmige Medium in der Entladungskammer erfolgen kann. Der Elektrodenkopf kann beispielsweise die Triggerelektrode in einer Triggerfunkenstrecke umfassen. Er kann mit einer isolierenden Wand der Entladungskammer abschließen oder zumindest teilweise oder ganz in das Ladungskammerinnere hineinragen.The electrode head is an electrically conductive part, at which a transition of the current supplied through the terminal contact can be made in the gaseous medium in the discharge chamber. For example, the electrode head may include the trigger electrode in a trigger gap. It can terminate with an insulating wall of the discharge chamber or at least partially or completely protrude into the charge chamber interior.
Über den Kontaktanschluss erfolgt die Ansteuerung und Versorgung des Elektrodenkopfes. Beispielsweise ist eine Zündverzögerungsschaltung mit dem Kontaktanschluss verbunden. Eine solche Verbindung ist üblicherweise nicht oder nur schwer lösbar. Dadurch führt bereits der Versuch der Entfernung oder Manipulation der Zündverzögerungsschaltung zu einer Bewegung des Kontaktanschlusses aus seiner ursprünglichen Position. Dies bewirkt, dass der Elektrodenkopf sowohl elektrisch entkoppelt wird, was das Anlegen einer Spannung und insbesondere eines Triggerimpulses verhindert, als auch mechanisch entkoppelt wird, sodass der Elektrodenkopf aus seiner Position bewegbar ist und auf Grund der Schwerkraft oder durch Federkraft ins Entladungskammerinnere fallen kann. Ein bereits zuvor im Inneren positionierter Elektrodenkopf wird nicht mehr in seiner Position gehalten und ist in der Entladungskammer beweglich. In beiden Fällen kann der Elektrodenkopf, beispielsweise durch Erschütterung, sich von seiner Position gegenüber den Hauptelektroden entfernen, was die Funktion der Funkenstreckenanordnung beeinträchtigt.The control and supply of the electrode head takes place via the contact connection. For example, an ignition delay circuit is connected to the contact terminal. Such a compound is usually difficult or impossible to solve. Thus, even attempting to remove or manipulate the ignition delay circuit results in movement of the contact terminal from its original position. This causes the electrode head to both be electrically decoupled, which prevents the application of a voltage and in particular a trigger pulse, as well as mechanically decoupled, so that the electrode head is movable from its position and can fall into the discharge chamber interior due to gravity or by spring force. An electrode head already positioned inside is no longer held in position and is movable in the discharge chamber. In both cases, the electrode head, for example, by vibration, to move away from its position relative to the main electrodes, which affects the function of the spark gap assembly.
Ein sich im Ladungskammerinneren befindlicher abgelöster Elektrodenkopf kann nicht mehr an den Kontaktanschluss gekoppelt werden, sodass die Funktionsfähigkeit der Funkenstreckenanordnung dauerhaft gestört ist. Somit wird nicht nur eine Zündverzögerung unterhalb des vorgegebenen Werts, sondern der Betrieb der gesamten Funkenstreckenanordnung unterbunden.An detached electrode head located in the charge chamber interior can no longer be coupled to the contact connection, so that the functionality of the spark gap arrangement is permanently disturbed. Thus, not only an ignition delay below the predetermined value, but the operation of the entire spark gap arrangement is suppressed.
Im normalen Betriebszustand der Funkenstreckenanordnung, die eine Triggerfunkenstrecke ist, ist deren Funktion dadurch gewährleistet, dass der Elektrodenkopf der Triggerelektrode seinen normalen Sitz relativ zur Hauptelektrode beibehält und die elektrische Verbindung zum Kontaktanschluss und damit zur Zündverzögerungsschaltung besteht.In the normal operating state of the spark gap arrangement, which is a trigger spark gap, its function is ensured by the fact that the electrode head of the trigger electrode maintains its normal position relative to the main electrode and the electrical connection to the contact terminal and thus the Zündverzögerungsschaltung exists.
Die Funkenstreckenanordnung umfasst einen Kopplungsmechanismus mit einem ersten Kopplungsteil, das den Kontaktanschluss umfasst, und einem zweiten Kopplungsteil, das den Elektrodenkopf umfasst. Das erste Kopplungsteil ist relativ zum zweiten Kopplungsteil beweglich. Bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses einer vorgegebenen Position wird der Elektrodenkopf vom Kontaktanschluss dauerhaft mechanisch entkoppelt.The spark gap assembly includes a coupling mechanism having a first coupling part that includes the contact terminal and a second coupling part that includes the electrode head. The first coupling part is movable relative to the second coupling part. When the contact connection is removed from its position or when the contact connection reaches a predetermined position, the electrode head is permanently mechanically decoupled from the contact connection.
Die dauerhafte mechanische Entkopplung muss nicht unbedingt bereits bei geringster Bewegung des Kontaktanschlusses, wie sie beispielsweise im rauen Betrieb auftreten kann, erfolgen, sondern kann auch erfolgen, sobald der Kontaktanschluss eine vorgegebene Position erreicht hat. Die vorgegebene Position ist die minimale Positionsänderung des Kontaktanschlusses, bei der sich das erste Kopplungsteil und das zweite Kopplungsteil derart voneinander entfernt haben, dass die mechanische Entkoppelung dauerhaft, oder irreversibel, ist.The permanent mechanical decoupling does not necessarily have to take place even with the slightest movement of the contact connection, as can occur, for example, during rough operation, but can also take place as soon as the contact connection has reached a predetermined position. The predetermined position is the minimum change in position of the contact terminal, in which the first coupling part and the second Coupling have such a distance from each other that the mechanical decoupling is permanent, or irreversible.
Es sei bemerkt, dass die Trennung der elektrischen Verbindung und die dauerhafte Trennung der mechanischen Verbindung nicht unbedingt zusammenfallen müssen. Bereits bei geringer Auslenkung des Kontaktanschlusses kann eine Unterbrechung der elektrischen Verbindung erfolgen, aber die mechanische Entkopplung erfolgt noch nicht dauerhaft. Die dauerhafte Entkopplung kann nach der elektrischen erfolgen, sobald der Kontaktanschluss eine vorgegebene Position erreicht hat.It should be noted that the separation of the electrical connection and the permanent separation of the mechanical connection need not necessarily coincide. Already at low deflection of the contact terminal can interrupt the electrical connection, but the mechanical decoupling is not permanent. The permanent decoupling can be done after the electrical, as soon as the contact terminal has reached a predetermined position.
Der entkoppelte Elektrodenkopf, welcher in Richtung des Entladungskammerraums oder innerhalb der Entladungskammer beweglich ist, kann nach der Entkopplung seine ursprüngliche Position verlassen und sich innerhalb der Entladungskammer von Schwerkraft und Bewegungsänderungen der Funkenstreckenanordnung getrieben bewegen. Dies ist eine Möglichkeit die dauerhafte Entkopplung zu erreichen. Bewegungen während des Betriebes oder die Schwerkraft können ausreichen, dass der entkoppelte Elektrodenkopf aus seiner Positionshalterung rutscht.The decoupled electrode head, which is movable in the direction of the discharge chamber space or within the discharge chamber, can leave its original position after decoupling and move within the discharge chamber driven by gravity and movement changes of the spark gap arrangement. This is one way to achieve permanent decoupling. Movements during operation or gravity may be sufficient for the decoupled electrode head to slip out of its positional support.
In einer Ausführung ist der Elektrodenkopf über eine Magnetverbindung mit dem Kontaktanschluss gekoppelt. Das erste oder das zweite Kopplungsteil kann diesen Magneten umfassen. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Magnet im ersten Kopplungsteil vorgesehen und hält den Elektrodenkopf durch die magnetischen Materialeigenschaften in seiner Position. Sobald bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses aus seiner Position oder in eine vorgegebene Position das erste Kopplungsteil relativ zum zweiten Kopplungsteil bewegt wird, wird auch der Magnet vom Elektrodenkopf wegbewegt. In diesem Fall reicht die magnetische Anziehungskraft zum Elektrodenkopf nicht mehr aus, um diesen an seiner Position festzuhalten.In one embodiment, the electrode head is coupled to the contact terminal via a magnetic connection. The first or the second coupling part may comprise this magnet. Advantageously, the magnet is provided in the first coupling part and holds the electrode head in position by the magnetic material properties. As soon as the first coupling part is moved relative to the second coupling part when the contact connection is removed from its position or into a predetermined position, the magnet is also moved away from the electrode head. In this In this case, the magnetic force of attraction to the electrode head is no longer sufficient to hold it in place.
Falls die Funkenstreckenanordnung hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt ist, verringert sich die Magnetisierung soweit, dass der Elektrodenkopf nicht mehr festgehalten werden kann. Auch bei hohen Beschleunigungen der Funkenstreckenanordnung kann sich die Magnetverbindung lösen.If the spark gap arrangement is exposed to high temperatures, the magnetization decreases to such an extent that the electrode head can no longer be held fast. Even at high accelerations of the spark gap arrangement, the magnetic connection can solve.
In einer Ausgestaltung umfasst die Funkenstreckenanordnung einen Auswurfmechanismus, der bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses einer vorgegebenen Position ausgelöst wird. Dieser Auswurfmechanismus ist geeignet, den Elektrodenkopf in Richtung des Entladungskammerinneren und/oder innerhalb der Entladungskammer zu bewegen.In one embodiment, the spark gap arrangement comprises an ejection mechanism which is triggered when the contact terminal is removed from its position or when the contact terminal of a predetermined position is reached. This ejection mechanism is suitable for moving the electrode head in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and / or within the discharge chamber.
Dieser Auswurfmechanismus ermöglicht die Bewegung des Elektrodenkopfes aus seiner ursprünglichen Position auch entgegen der Erdanziehung oder unabhängig von seiner Stellung zur Erdanziehung. Eine Bewegung mit der Erdanziehung, also in senkrechter Stellung, wird durch den Auswurfmechanismus unterstützt, der die sichere und dauerhafte Entkopplung des Elektrodenkopfes ermöglicht, indem der Elektrodenkopf in das Entladungskammerinnere gestoßen wird. Die vorher einwandfreie Funktion der Funkenstreckenanordnung wird so unterbrochen und lässt sich auch nicht wiederherstellen durch Manipulationen im Hinterraum des Schalters. Die Funkenstreckenanordnung wird unbrauchbar.This ejection mechanism allows the movement of the electrode head from its original position also against gravity or regardless of its position to gravity. A movement with gravity, ie in a vertical position, is assisted by the ejection mechanism, which enables the safe and permanent decoupling of the electrode head by pushing the electrode head into the discharge chamber interior. The previously flawless function of the spark gap arrangement is interrupted and can not be restored by manipulation in the back room of the switch. The spark gap arrangement becomes unusable.
Mittels dieser Funkenstreckenanordnung wird sowohl auf Grund von mechanischen als auch magnetischen Eigenschaften eine Kraftwirkung auf den Elektrodenkopf ausgeübt, mittels dieser der Elektrodenkopf aus seiner ursprünglichen Position bewegt wird. Dadurch wird die Funktion der Funkenstreckenanordnung außer Kraft gesetzt, falls versucht wird den Kontaktanschluss zu manipulieren, beispielsweise indem die Verzögerungszeitelektronik aus der Triggerfunkenstrecke entfernt wird.By means of this spark gap arrangement is due to both mechanical and magnetic properties a Force exerted on the electrode head, by means of which the electrode head is moved from its original position. This overrides the function of the spark gap arrangement if an attempt is made to manipulate the contact pad, for example by removing the delay time electronics from the trigger gap.
In einer Ausgestaltung umfasst der Auswurfmechanismus ein Federelement, das von einer Sperre in einem vorgespannten Zustand behalten wird. Bei Auslösen des Auswurfmechanismus gibt die Sperre das Federelement frei und durch die Federkraft, welche auf den Elektrodenkopf wirkt, wird dieser aus seiner Position gestoßen. Ein Federelement ist ein Bauteil, das unter Belastung nachgibt und nach Entlastung aus dem vorgespannten Zustand in die ursprüngliche Gestalt zurückkehrt, sich also elastisch rückstellend verhält. Vorteilhafterweise werden Zug- oder Druckfedern eingesetzt, die bei Belastung eine Längenänderung erfahren. Beispiele hierfür sind helixförmige Schraubendruckfedern oder Blattfedern.In one embodiment, the ejection mechanism includes a spring member that is retained by a catch in a preloaded condition. Upon release of the ejection mechanism, the lock releases the spring element and the spring force acting on the electrode head pushes it out of position. A spring element is a component which yields under load and, after discharge from the prestressed state, returns to the original shape, that is to say it behaves elastically restoring. Advantageously, tension or compression springs are used, which experience a change in length under load. Examples of this are helical compression coil springs or leaf springs.
Vorteilhafterweise umfasst das erste oder das zweite Kopplungsteil eine Führungsbuchse, in der das Federelement positioniert ist. Eine solche Führungsbuchse hält das Federelement im vorgespannten Zustand in seiner Position und erlaubt nach Entsperrung die gezielte Führung der sich rückstellenden Feder in Richtung des Elektrodenkopfes. Eine Führungsbuchse kann beispielsweise topf- oder hülsenförmig sein. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Federelement eine Schraubendruckfeder, deren Länge im vorgespannten Zustand reduziert ist. Sie kann benachbart zu den Innenwänden der Führungsbuchse positioniert sein und bietet im Zentrum auch Raum für weitere Komponenten des Kopplungsmechanismus, beispielsweise den Magneten.Advantageously, the first or the second coupling part comprises a guide bush in which the spring element is positioned. Such a guide bushing keeps the spring element in the pretensioned state in its position and, after unlocking, allows the targeted guidance of the restoring spring in the direction of the electrode head. A guide bush, for example, pot-shaped or sleeve-shaped. Advantageously, the spring element is a helical compression spring whose length is reduced in the prestressed state. It can be positioned adjacent to the inner walls of the guide bush and also offers in the center Space for other components of the coupling mechanism, such as the magnet.
Die Sperre kann von einer Position, in der sie die Rückstellung des Federelements blockiert, in eine Position, in der sie die Rückstellung des Federelements freigibt, bewegt werden. Mit anderen Worten, die Sperre ist derart positioniert, dass sie der Rückstellung der sich ausdehnenden Feder im Wege ist. Hierbei sind das erste und das zweite Kopplungsteil derart gekoppelt, dass die Bewegung der Sperre zunächst blockiert ist und bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses in einer vorgegebenen Position erst ermöglicht wird.The lock can be moved from a position blocking the return of the spring element to a position in which it releases the return of the spring element. In other words, the barrier is positioned to obstruct the return of the expanding spring. In this case, the first and the second coupling part are coupled in such a way that the movement of the barrier is initially blocked and, on removal of the contact connection from its position or upon reaching the contact connection in a predetermined position, is made possible.
Ferner kann ein beweglicher Auswerfer vorgesehen sein, der zwischen dem Federelement und dem Elektrodenkopf angeordnet ist. Die Sperre greift in diesen Auswerfer ein, sodass dessen Bewegung blockiert ist und das Federelement in seinem vorgespannten Zustand gehalten wird. Bei Entspannung des Federelements nach Lösen der Sperre bewegt sich das Federelement in seine ursprüngliche Form zurück und bewegt dadurch den Auswerfer in Richtung des Elektrodenkopfes, sodass dieser aus seiner ursprünglichen Position geschoben wird und den Elektrodenkopf in das Entladungskammerinnere stößt.Furthermore, a movable ejector may be provided, which is arranged between the spring element and the electrode head. The lock engages in this ejector, so that its movement is blocked and the spring element is held in its biased state. Upon relaxation of the spring element after releasing the lock, the spring element moves back to its original shape and thereby moves the ejector in the direction of the electrode head, so that it is pushed out of its original position and pushes the electrode head into the discharge chamber interior.
Eine Sperre, wie oben beschrieben, kann eine Kugel oder einen Stift, das heißt ein zylinderförmiges Element, umfassen. Diese sind in einer Aussparung der Führungsbuchse positioniert. Ein Rückhaltemittel blockiert die Bewegung der Kugel oder des Stifts in die Position, in der die Rückstellung des Federelements freigegeben ist, sodass bei Entfernung des Kontaktsanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktsanschlusses einer vorgegebenen Position die Kugel oder der Stift vom Rückhaltemittel weg in die Position, in der die Rückstellung des Federelements freigegeben ist, bewegt werden. Ein solches Rückhaltemittel kann eine Wand, ein Topf oder eine Hülse sein, die die Kugel oder den Stift im normalen Betrieb an der Bewegung hindern, mit der das Federelement freigegeben wird. Erst bei der Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses einer vorgegebenen Position verlassen die Kugeln oder Stifte zusammen mit der Führungsbuchse ihre ursprüngliche Position. Sobald sie vom Rückhaltemittel, die sie in ihre Position drücken, wegbewegt werden, drückt die Federkraft sie beiseite, sodass das Federelement entspannen kann.A barrier as described above may comprise a ball or a pin, that is a cylindrical element. These are positioned in a recess of the guide bushing. A retaining means blocks the movement of the ball or the pin in the position in which the provision of the spring element is released, so at Removal of the contact terminal from its position or on reaching the contact terminal of a predetermined position, the ball or the pin away from the retaining means in the position in which the provision of the spring element is released, are moved. Such a retaining means may be a wall, a pot or a sleeve, which prevent the ball or the pin during normal operation of the movement with which the spring element is released. Only when removing the contact terminal from its position or when reaching the contact terminal of a predetermined position leave the balls or pins together with the guide bush their original position. As soon as they are moved away from the retaining means, which they push into their position, the spring force pushes them aside so that the spring element can relax.
Das korrespondierende Verfahren zur Sicherung einer Funkenstreckenanordnung, wie oben beschrieben, gegen Manipulation umfasst, dass der Kontaktanschluss von seiner Position entfernt wird, die elektrisch leitende Verbindung unterbrochen wird, der Elektrodenkopf vom Kontaktanschluss mechanisch entkoppelt wird und der Elektrodenkopf in Richtung des Entladungskammerinneren und/oder innerhalb der Entladungskammer bewegt wird und bei Entfernung des Kontaktanschlusses von seiner Position oder bei Erreichen des Kontaktanschlusses in einer vorgegebenen Position der Elektrodenkopf dauerhaft vom Kontaktanschluss mechanisch entkoppelt wird.The corresponding method for securing a spark gap arrangement, as described above, against manipulation comprises removing the contact connection from its position, interrupting the electrically conductive connection, mechanically decoupling the electrode head from the contact connection and the electrode head in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and / or inside the discharge chamber is moved and when removing the contact terminal from its position or when reaching the contact terminal in a predetermined position of the electrode head is permanently decoupled from the contact terminal mechanically.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstände von Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments are objects of subclaims.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erklärt.The invention will be explained below with reference to the drawing with reference to an embodiment.
Die einzige Figur zeigt als Querschnittsausschnitt einen wesentlichen Teil eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Funkenstreckenanordnung.The single FIGURE shows a cross-sectional detail of an essential part of an embodiment of a spark gap arrangement.
Die Funkenstreckenanordnung, in diesem Fall eine Triggerfunkenstrecke, umfasst eine Entladungskammer 6, welche ausschnittsweise dargestellt ist, mit zwei Hauptelektroden (nicht dargestellt), die beispielsweise endseitig in der Entladungskammer 6 angeordnet sein können. Ferner ist zwischen den Hauptelektroden ein als Elektrode dienender Triggerkopf 3 vorgesehen, der über einen Kontaktanschluss 9 durch eine Zündverzögerungsschaltung (nicht dargestellt) angesteuert wird. Der Kontaktanschluss 9 und die Zündverzögerungsschaltung sind vorteilhafterweise zumindest schwer lösbar miteinander verbunden. Der Kontaktanschluss 9 kann auch integraler Bestandteil der Zündverzögerungsschaltung sein.The spark gap arrangement, in this case a trigger spark gap, comprises a
Der Ausschnitt aus der Funkenstreckenanordnung zeigt den Kopplungsmechanismus mit einem ersten Kopplungsteil 1 und einem zweiten Kopplungsteil 2. Das zweite Kopplungsteil 2 umfasst den Triggerkopf 3 mit einem Elektrodenkopf 4 und einem magnetischen Verbindungsstück 5, das mit dem Elektrodenkopf 4 verbunden ist. Die Materialen von Elektrodenkopf 4 und Verbindungsstück 5 können sich unterscheiden, was eine Materialoptimierung hinsichtlich ihrer jeweiligen Funktion ermöglicht. Alternativ kann der Triggerkopf 3 einstückig aus Metall ausgebildet sein, das durch einen Magneten gehalten werden kann oder selbst ein magnetisches Metall ist (nicht dargestellt).The section of the spark gap arrangement shows the coupling mechanism with a first coupling part 1 and a second coupling part 2. The second coupling part 2 comprises the
Der Elektrodenkopf 4 ist in einer Aussparung in der elektrisch isolierenden Wand 20 der Entladungskammer 6 positioniert, sodass seine Unterseite bündig abschließt. Diese Aussparung dient als Rahmen zur Elektrodenkopfaufnahme und Positionshalterung. Alternative Ausführungsbeispiele weisen einen in die Entladungskammer 6 hineinragenden Elektrodenkopf 4, einen innerhalb der Entladungskammer positionierten oder einen gegenüber der Wand 20 zurückgesetzten Elektrodenkopf 4 auf (nicht dargestellt).The electrode head 4 is in a recess in the electrically insulating
Unterhalb dieses Elektrodenkopfes 4 befindet sich der Hauptentladungsspalt 7, entlang dessen die Entladung verlaufen kann.Below this electrode head 4 is the main discharge gap 7, along which the discharge can proceed.
Das erste Kopplungsteil 1 umfasst einen Kontaktanschluss 9, der in ein zylinderförmiges Verbindungsstück 10 übergeht. Alternativ können der Anschlusskontakt 9 und das Verbindungsstück 10 auch zweiteilig gefertigt sein. Innerhalb des Verbindungsstückes 10 ist eine Aussparung vorgesehen, in der sich ein, in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel zylinderförmiger, Magnet 11 befindet. Zwischen dem Magneten 11 und dem Triggerkopf 3 besteht eine magnetische Verbindung 12, sodass sowohl der Magnet 11 als auch das Verbindungsstück 10, oder nur eine dieser Komponenten, den Triggerkopf 3 berühren. Über das Verbindungsstück 10, welches wie der Anschlusskontakt 9 leitendes Material umfasst, besteht eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem Elektrodenkopf 4 und dem Anschlusskontakt 9. Alternativ können das Verbindungsstück 10 und der Magnet 11 auch einstückig gefertigt sein. Andere Formgebungen sind denkbar.The first coupling part 1 comprises a contact terminal 9, which merges into a cylindrical connecting piece 10. Alternatively, the terminal 9 and the connector 10 may be made in two parts. Within the connecting piece 10, a recess is provided, in which a, in this embodiment, cylindrical, magnet 11 is located. There is a
Das erste Kopplungsteil 1 weist ferner eine topfförmige Führungsbuchse 8 auf, aus dessen Boden der Anschlusskontakt 9 herausragt. Die Seitenwände der Führungsbuchse 8 laufen beabstandet um das Verbindungsstück 10 herum. Die Führungsbuchse 8 und das Verbindungsteil 10 beziehungsweise der Kontaktanschluss 9 sind miteinander verbunden. Alternativ können das Verbindungsstück 10, mit oder ohne Anschlusskontakt 9, und die Führungsbuchse 8 als ein Stück, das heißt einstückig, gefertigt sein.The first coupling part 1 also has a cup-shaped guide bushing 8, protruding from the bottom of the terminal contact 9. The side walls of the guide bush 8 are spaced around the connector 10. The Guide bushing 8 and the connecting part 10 and the contact terminal 9 are connected to each other. Alternatively, the connector 10, with or without terminal 9, and the guide bushing 8 as a piece, that is, in one piece, be made.
Zwischen dem Verbindungsstück 10 und den Innenwänden der Führungsbuchse 8 ist ein Federelement 13, in diesem Fall eine Schraubendruckfeder, vorgesehen. Unterhalb des Federelements 13 ist ein hülsenförmiger Auswerfer 14 vorgesehen, der um das Verbindungsstück 10 laufend zwischen dem Federelement 13 und dem Triggerkopf 3 positioniert ist. Die Auswerferhülse 14 hat an ihrem dem Federelement 13 zugewandten Rand einen Flansch 15. Das Federelement 13 ist zwischen dem Boden der Führungsbuchse 8 und dem Flansch 13 eingeklemmt, sodass es sich in einem vorgespannten Zustand befindet.Between the connecting piece 10 and the inner walls of the guide bush 8, a
Der dem Triggerkopf 3 zugewandte Bereich der Führungsbuchse 8 ist in einem um den Außenseite laufenden Topf 18 positioniert, durch dessen Boden der untere Bereich des Verbindungsstücks 10 zum Triggerkopf 3 verläuft. Die Seitenwände der Führungsbuchse 8 reichen ganz oder teilweise in den Topf 18 hinein. Alternativ ist auch eine Hülse oder Wand denkbar. Der Topf 18 ist mit den die Aussparung für den Elektrodenkopf 4 bildenden Wänden 20 verbunden, sodass sowohl die Führungsbuchse 8 als auch der entkoppelte Elektrodenkopf 4 bewegbar zum Topf 18 sind.The region of the guide bush 8 facing the
Im dem Triggerkopf 3 zugewandten Bereich der Führungsbuchse 8, der im Topf 18 positioniert ist, sind Aussparungen 17 vorgesehen. Durch die Aussparungen 17 können Sperren unterhalb des Flansches 15 zur Auswerferhülse 14 geführt werden. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind als Sperren Kugeln 16 vorgesehen. Beispielsweise können zwei gegenüberliegende Kugeln 16 vorgesehen sein, die in den Aussparungen zwischen Topfinnenwand und Auswurfhülsenaußenwand sind. Mehr als zwei Kugeln sind auch möglich. Bereits eine Kugel kann ausreichend sein. Die Größe der Kugeln 16 ist so gewählt, dass sie, wenn sie an der Topfinnenwand anliegen, über die Innenwand der Führungsbuchse 8 hinausragen und unterhalb des Flanschs 15 liegend dessen Bewegung in Richtung des Elektrodenkopfes 4 verhindern. Dadurch wird sowohl die Auswerferhülse 14 als auch das vorgespannte Federelement 13 in Position gehalten.In the
Das Federelement 13 ist in der Führungsbuchse 8 eingeschlossen und über die Kugelsperrung in seiner Kraftentfaltung behindert, solange die Kugeln 16 durch den Topf 18 in ihrer Position gehalten werden.The
Der erste Kopplungsteil 1 kann durch Haltemittel 19, beispielsweise Haken, Federn oder Schnappverbindungen, die beispielsweise an der Führungsbuchse 8 ansetzen, in der Funkenstreckenanlage während des normalen Betriebs in seiner Position gehalten werden. Diese Haltemittel 19 erlauben bereits bei geringen Manipulationen am Kontaktanschluss 9, beispielsweise dem versuchten Abziehen der daran befestigten Verzögerungsschaltung (nicht dargestellt), eine Bewegung der Führungsbuchse 8, die zur Entkopplung des Elektrodenkopfes 4 führt.The first coupling part 1 can be held in its position in the spark gap system during normal operation by holding
Ein Kopplungsmechanismus, wie beispielsweise oben beschrieben, ermöglicht im normalen Betriebsmodus der Funkenstreckenanordnung deren einwandfreie Funktionsweise dadurch, dass der Elektrodenkopf 4 seine Position relativ zur Hauptelektrode beibehält und auch die elektrisch leitende Verbindung zum Kontaktanschluss 9 erhalten bleibt. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Elektrodenkopf 4 über die Magnetverbindung 12 mit dem Kontaktanschluss 9 gekoppelt ist. Über diesen Kontaktanschluss 9 kann aus einem Hinterraum der als Schalter dienenden Funkenstreckenanordnung über die Verzögerungszeitschaltung die Versorgung mit Triggerspannung und -strom erfolgen.A coupling mechanism, such as described above, allows in the normal operating mode of the spark gap arrangement their proper functioning in that the electrode head 4 maintains its position relative to the main electrode and also the electrically conductive connection to the contact terminal 9 is maintained. this will achieved in that the electrode head 4 is coupled via the
Wird die Führungsbuchse 8 wie auch das Verbindungsstück 10, beispielsweise bei einem Manipulationsversuch, vom Elektrodenkopf 4 weg bewegt, so wird zunächst die Magnetverbindung 12 zum Elektrodenkopf 4 unterbrochen, da sowohl die Führungsbuchse 8 als auch der Kontaktanschluss 9 und das Verbindungselement 10 mit dem innen liegenden Magneten 11 vom Elektrodenkopf 4 weg bewegt werden. Beim weiteren Herausziehen der Führungsbuchse 8 aus dem Topf 18 werden die Kugeln 16 dem Flansch 15, auf den die Federkraft wirkt, nach außen ausweichen und die federbelastete Auswerferhülse 14 freigeben. Die Auswerferhülse 14 wird den Elektrodenkopf 4 der Triggerelektrode, auch entgegen der Schwerkraft, in den Hauptentladungsspalt 7 beziehungsweise ins Entladungskammerinnere stoßen. Dies bewirkt eine dauerhafte mechanische Entkopplung und unterbindet die Funktion der Funkenstreckenanordnung.If the guide bush 8 as well as the connecting piece 10, for example in a manipulation attempt, moved away from the electrode head 4, the
Die Unterbrechung des elektrischen und mechanischen Kontakts zum Elektrodenkopf 4 erfolgt im Fall, dass der Kontaktanschluss 9 und damit die Zuführung zur Verzögerungsschaltung manipuliert oder die Verzögerungsschaltung entnommen werden soll. Die magnetische Anziehungskraft zum Elektrodenkopf 4 reicht nicht mehr aus, um diesen festzuhalten. Darüber hinaus wirkt zusätzlich die Federkraft, sodass der Elektrodenkopf 4 in die Entladungskammer 6 bewegt wird. Die Funktion der Funkenstreckenanordnung wird dadurch dauerhaft unterbunden.The interruption of the electrical and mechanical contact with the electrode head 4 takes place in the event that the contact terminal 9 and thus the supply to the delay circuit manipulated or the delay circuit is to be removed. The magnetic attraction force to the electrode head 4 is no longer sufficient to hold this. In addition, in addition, the spring force acts, so that the electrode head 4 in the
Es sei bemerkt, dass die Merkmale der beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen und Ausführungsbeispiele kombiniert werden können.It should be understood that the features of the described embodiments and embodiments may be combined.
- 11
- erstes Kopplungsteilfirst coupling part
- 22
- zweites Kopplungsteilsecond coupling part
- 33
- Triggerkopftrigger head
- 44
- Elektrodenkopfelectrode head
- 55
- Haltebereichholding area
- 66
- Entladungskammerdischarge chamber
- 77
- HauptentladungsspaltMain discharge gap
- 88th
- Führungsbuchseguide bush
- 99
- KontaktanschlussContact Termination
- 1010
- Verbindungsteilconnecting part
- 1111
- Magnetmagnet
- 1212
- Magnetverbindungmagnetic connection
- 1313
- Federelementspring element
- 1414
- Auswerferhülseejector
- 1515
- Flanschflange
- 1616
- KugelBullet
- 1717
- Aussparungrecess
- 1818
- Topfpot
- 1919
- Halteelementretaining element
- 2020
- Wandwall
Claims (12)
- Spark gap arrangement comprising a discharge chamber (6), an electrode tip (4) and a contact connection (9) which is arranged outside the discharge chamber (6), a coupling mechanism comprising a first coupling part (1), which comprises the contact connection (9), and a second coupling part (2), which comprises the electrode tip (4), wherein the electrode tip (4) is electrically conductively connected and mechanically coupled to the contact connection (9) in such a way that, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection (9) reaches a preset position, the electrically conductive connection is interrupted and the electrode tip (4) is mechanically decoupled from the contact connection (9) so that the electrode tip (4) is movable in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and/or within the discharge chamber (6)) wherein the first coupling part (1) is movable relative to the second coupling part (2) and, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection (9) reaches a preset position, the electrode tip (4) is mechanically decoupled permanently from the contact connection (9) .
- Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 1,
wherein the electrode tip (4) is coupled to the contact connection (9) via a magnetic connection (12) . - Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 2,
wherein the first and/or the second coupling part (1, 2) comprises a magnet (11). - Spark gap arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
comprising an ejection mechanism (8, 13, 14, 16), which is triggered when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection reaches a preset position, and which is suitable for moving the electrode tip (4) in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and/or within the discharge chamber (6). - Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 4,
wherein the ejection mechanism (8, 13, 14, 16) comprises a spring element (13), which is held in a pretensioned state by a detent. - Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 4,
wherein the first or the second coupling part (1, 2) comprises a guide bush (8), in which the spring element (13) is positioned. - Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 5 or 6,
wherein the spring element (13) is a helical compression spring. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of Claims 5 to 7,
wherein the detent is movable out of a position in which it blocks the restoring of the spring element (13) into a position in which it enables the restoring of the spring element (13), and wherein the first and the second coupling part (1, 2) are coupled in such a way that the movement of the detent is blocked and, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection (9) reaches a preset position, unblocking is enabled. - Spark gap arrangement according to one of Claims 5 to 8, comprising a movable ejector (14), arranged between the spring element (13) and the electrode tip (4), wherein the detent engages in the ejector (14) so that movement of said ejector is blocked.
- Spark gap arrangement according to one of Claims 6 to 9,
wherein the detent comprises a sphere (16) or a pin, which are positioned in a cutout (17) in the guide bush (8). - Spark gap arrangement according to Claim 10, comprising a retaining means (18), which blocks the movement of the sphere (16) or the pin into the position in which the restoring of the spring element (13) is enabled so that, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection (9) reaches a preset position, the sphere (16) and the pin are moved away from the retaining means (18) into the position in which the restoring of the spring element (13) is enabled.
- Method for securing a spark gap arrangement comprising an electrode tip (4), a discharge chamber (6) and a contact connection (9) arranged outside the discharge chamber (6) to prevent manipulation, wherein the electrode tip (4) is electrically conductively connected and mechanically coupled to the contact connection (9), and wherein the method comprises that, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position, the electrically conductive connection is interrupted, the electrode tip (4) is mechanically decoupled from the contact connection (9), and the electrode tip (4) is moved in the direction of the discharge chamber interior and/or within the discharge chamber (6) and, when the contact connection (9) is removed from its position or when the contact connection (9) reaches a preset position, the electrode tip (4) is mechanically decoupled permanently from the contact connection (9).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19150582.5A EP3490085B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap assembly and method for securing a spark gap assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012112543.0A DE102012112543A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2012-12-18 | Spark gap arrangement and method for securing a spark gap arrangement |
PCT/EP2013/076410 WO2014095579A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap arrangement and method for securing a spark gap arrangement |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19150582.5A Division EP3490085B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap assembly and method for securing a spark gap assembly |
EP19150582.5A Division-Into EP3490085B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap assembly and method for securing a spark gap assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2936630A1 EP2936630A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2936630B1 true EP2936630B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19150582.5A Active EP3490085B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap assembly and method for securing a spark gap assembly |
EP13802685.1A Active EP2936630B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap arrangement and method for securing a spark gap arrangement |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19150582.5A Active EP3490085B1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-12 | Spark gap assembly and method for securing a spark gap assembly |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9444227B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3490085B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6050899B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012112543A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014095579A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112736884B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-05-26 | 西安交通大学 | Surge protector with active field impact across voltage protection gap |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2479587A1 (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | High power arc starting electrode - uses rod driven by double acting hydraulic cylinder to draw arc and blow air over arc to assist transfer to main electrode |
US6522679B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2003-02-18 | Tuilaser | Gas laser discharge unit |
FR2877155B1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2008-09-26 | Soule Prot Surtensions Sa | IMPROVED DISCONNECTION OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE AND CORRESPONDING METHOD |
US20070297479A1 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-27 | Bio-Rad Laboratories | Triggered spark gap |
US7545842B2 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2009-06-09 | Coherent, Inc. | Pre-ionizer for pulsed gas-discharge laser |
DE102012101558A1 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-08-29 | Epcos Ag | The spark gap arrangement |
-
2012
- 2012-12-18 DE DE102012112543.0A patent/DE102012112543A1/en active Granted
-
2013
- 2013-12-12 JP JP2015548376A patent/JP6050899B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-12 WO PCT/EP2013/076410 patent/WO2014095579A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-12 EP EP19150582.5A patent/EP3490085B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-12 US US14/646,248 patent/US9444227B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-12 EP EP13802685.1A patent/EP2936630B1/en active Active
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Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2936630A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
JP2016506045A (en) | 2016-02-25 |
EP3490085B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
US9444227B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
JP6050899B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
US20150333488A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
WO2014095579A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP3490085A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
DE102012112543A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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