EP2934815A1 - Process for machining cross pins on lathes - Google Patents

Process for machining cross pins on lathes

Info

Publication number
EP2934815A1
EP2934815A1 EP13807978.5A EP13807978A EP2934815A1 EP 2934815 A1 EP2934815 A1 EP 2934815A1 EP 13807978 A EP13807978 A EP 13807978A EP 2934815 A1 EP2934815 A1 EP 2934815A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
clamping
pins
rotation
centering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13807978.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Leo Schreiber
Albrecht HANNIG
Werner Mühlich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Original Assignee
MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen filed Critical MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Publication of EP2934815A1 publication Critical patent/EP2934815A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/16Turret lathes for turning individually-chucked workpieces
    • B23B3/167Turret lathes for turning individually-chucked workpieces lathe with two or more toolslides carrying turrets
    • B23B3/168Arrangements for performing other machining operations, e.g. milling, drilling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/16Turret lathes for turning individually-chucked workpieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
    • B23B49/04Devices for boring or drilling centre holes in workpieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/021Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like
    • B23Q39/025Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder
    • B23Q39/026Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder simultaneous working of toolheads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/04Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • F16D3/405Apparatus for assembling or dismantling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/11Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q2039/008Machines of the lathe type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing method and a machine suitable for the manufacture of journal crosses and similar workpieces, which have rotationally symmetric areas whose axes of rotation at an angle, in particular at right angles to each other.
  • journal crosses the end regions must be machined with respect to the lateral surface and the end surface, while the central region often remains raw, as emerges from the primary molding process (casting or forging).
  • the workpiece is clamped in its central region of the usually still unprocessed surfaces, in such a way that in this clamping two mutually aligned rotationally symmetric sections, ie with the two mutually parallel end faces, can be edited.
  • This usually includes the processing of the end faces, that is, the machining of the workpiece to length from one to the other end face, and the introduction of centering holes in these end faces.
  • the workpiece is pivoted about a pivot axis which is perpendicular to the connecting line between the already created centering holes and perpendicular to the still to be created centering holes of the other two rotationally symmetric sections, and in this pivoted position turn the two other mutually aligned rotationally symmetric sections such as described above edited by editing the end faces, so editing the workpiece to length from one to the other end face, and the introduction of centering holes in these end faces.
  • the workpiece is preferably parallel to or on the axis of rotation of the lathe used with the axis of rotation of the rotationally symmetric sections to be machined in this step. Subsequently, the workpiece is tensioned between two centering points, which engage in the previously made centering holes, and the tension in its central region is solved on the usually still unprocessed surfaces. The workpiece is additionally driven in rotation and on the rotating workpiece, the lateral surfaces of the first pair of pins are processed near the machined end faces or directly adjacent thereto.
  • the workpiece Before the lateral surfaces of the second pair of pins can be processed in the same way, the workpiece must be pivoted back about the pivot axis, for which it is again stretched in its central region on the rule still unprocessed surfaces and - after releasing the voltage between Tips - is pivoted back about this pivot axis, so that the first pair of pins on the axis of rotation and can be stretched between peaks.
  • the lateral surfaces can be processed by means of rotary milling or by turning.
  • the workpiece For clamping the workpiece in the central region of the usually unprocessed surfaces, the workpiece is placed on a support surface which is parallel to the plane of the intersecting axes of rotation of the rotationally symmetrical workpiece surfaces.
  • At least two, possibly also four radially in the inner corners between the rotationally symmetric areas inwardly directed clamping jaws are moved against the inner corners of the workpiece and the workpiece thereby stressed.
  • This procedure can be implemented with a machine which, in addition to the usual components of a lathe, ie a bed, one or two tool units which can be moved in the Z and X directions, and a headstock and an opposite tailstock or counterhead have an additional clamping device with a bearing surface , which runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine has.
  • a lathe ie a bed
  • one or two tool units which can be moved in the Z and X directions
  • a headstock and an opposite tailstock or counterhead have an additional clamping device with a bearing surface , which runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine has.
  • this additional clamping device including the support surface about a perpendicular to the receiving surface standing- pivot axis should be pivoted, be pivoted by 90 ° usually ,
  • the additional clamping device can also be moved to a deactivated position outside the working range of the lathe, be it in the X direction or in the Y direction.
  • this additional clamping device has an even number, for example two or four, of the support surface upwardly projecting Clamping jaws, which are acted upon radially inwardly with respect to the pivot axis of the support surface with force and thereby tension a loaded between the clamping jaws workpiece on the inner corners.
  • at least one tool unit must comprise a rotationally drivable tool, for example a center drill, with which the centering holes can be produced and a peripheral cutter, with which the workpiece is machined to length .
  • the headstock and possibly also the counter-headstock should preferably equipped with a clamping device be, in the center of which is a centering, as well as a driving device for the workpiece in the direction of rotation, for example, a Stirnmit commentary.
  • FIGS. 1a-c different operating states of the lathe
  • Fig. 2a-d different processing states of the journal cross.
  • the goal is to machine the pin 2 on the face side and on its lateral surfaces in a cross member having a central part 3, from which a pin 2 protrudes in one plane in four directions separated by 90 ° while the middle part 3 of the steel or cast iron part produced by primary molding (casting or forging) as a rule remains unprocessed.
  • the two mutually opposite and aligned pairs of two pins can also be arranged with another intermediate angle to each other.
  • a specially equipped lathe is used, as shown in FIGS. 1a to c:
  • This lathe has on the one hand the usual components: On a bed 11 sits a headstock 12, from which a tensioning device 13 protrudes for clamping and rotationally driving a workpiece clamped therein about the axis of rotation 10, which defines for the purposes of the present invention as a Z-axis becomes. Opposite the headstock 12 is a counter-spindle stock 14, which likewise carries a tensioning device 13.
  • two tool units 20 are arranged, which are preferably constructed identically and each consist of a Z-slide 16 and along Z-guides 15th can be moved in the Z direction.
  • movable X-carriage 17 are arranged in the X direction, each carrying a tool turret 6 on their facing front sides on which both rotationally driven tools, such as center drill or side milling cutter can be arranged, as well as non-rotating Tools, such as turning tools.
  • a clamping device 19 is arranged for a workpiece 1 in or immediately below the work area, consisting inter alia of a lying in the preferably ZY plane bearing surface 18 for placing the pin cross 1 with its main plane and from this bearing surface 18 upwardly projecting jaws 9, which are movable against the center of the spider 1 and the middle part 3 can clamp between them, as best seen in Figures 2a to d.
  • the support surface 18 is the upper side of an upper table 23, which is pivotable relative to an underlying and supporting lower table 24 about a preferably extending in the X direction normal 21, in particular clocked by, for example, 90 ° can be pivoted.
  • the entire tensioning device 19, preferably including upper table 23 and lower table 24, is movable in the X-direction along X-guides 25 into the working area and, preferably downwards, or both upwards and downwards, out of this.
  • the X-guides 25 are so far extended for the clamping device 19 that a trunnion 1 resting on it over the work area, so the aligned position with the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, is moved upwards to there easier processing of the workpiece by powered tools of the tool units 20 to allow.
  • the jaws 9 are moved radially inward until they rest against the respective inner corners 5 of the middle part 3 and the spider 1 fixed span between them.
  • the jaws 9 are moved radially inward until they rest against the respective inner corners 5 of the middle part 3 and the spider 1 fixed span between them.
  • the pair of pins 2, whose axis of rotation 10a is parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, can first be machined to length by the end sides 4 of these pins 2 by means of e.g. Disk mill 7 are milled to size.
  • the side milling cutter either sits on one of the tool turrets 6 or represents a separate tool unit on the lathe. Subsequently, the two tool turrets 6 are rotated so that the centering bores 26 thereon are aligned with the axis of rotation 10a of this pair of pins 2 ( Fig. 1 b) and the centering drill 26 are moved so far in the Z direction in the end face 4 in that they produce there each a center hole 8.
  • the upper table 23 is rotated together with the spider 1 to the normal 21 relative to the lower table 24 in this case 90 ° so that now the unprocessed pair of pins with its axis of rotation 10b parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe and according to the Figure 2c processed with the same procedure as previously described now this second pair of pins.
  • the tensioning device 19 is moved downwards together with the spider 1 stretched on it, that this axis of rotation 10a of the end side already machined pin 2 is aligned with the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, and the centering points 22 of the jigs 13 engage in the centering holes 8 and tension so that the spider 1 between these spikes 22nd
  • the clamping device 19 is released by the clamping jaws 9 retracting radially outward and releasing the spider 1, and the entire clamping device 19 moves downwards along the X-guides 25 (FIG. 1 c) Spider 1 around the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe of the headstock 12 and counter spindle 14 can be driven to rotate.
  • Spider 1 apart from the centering tips 22 on the journal cross 1, there are usually an end driver or other elements transmitting a torque about the axis of rotation 10 to the workpiece.
  • the tensioning device 19 moves up until the spider 1 is seated again on its upper bearing surface 18, and the clamping jaws 9 are moved radially inwards and tension the spider 1 back into the inner corners 5.
  • centering tips 22 are moved back from the centering holes 8 and (Fig. 2b) of the upper table 23 together with the spider 1 to the normal 21 relative to the lower table 24 in this case rotated 90 °, preferably turned back, so now the on the lateral surfaces still unprocessed pair of pins with its axis of rotation 10b parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe.
  • the first pair of pins aligned or parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe, first held by the additional clamping device 19 and then held directly between tips 22 ready to finish, and only after rotation of the workpiece by 90 ° by means of the additional clamping device 19 to edit the second pin pair in the same way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

Instead of receiving, as hitherto, cross pins (1) in a special chuck of a lathe and machining in each case one pin (2) and subsequently advancing the workpiece cyclically through 90°, according to the invention a supporting surface (18) having a clamping device (19) is provided in the working area, it being possible to place the unmachined part on said supporting surface (18) and to clamp said unmachined part such that, in this first setup, two mutually opposite end faces can already be machined, including centring holes, clamping between locating centres (22) subsequently taking place at said end faces for the machining of the adjoining lateral surfaces. After only one cyclic advance through 90° on this supporting surface (18), the same operation takes place for the second pair of pins, wherein it is even possible for the mutually aligned pins (2) to be machined simultaneously, given appropriate machinery.

Description

Bearbeitungsprozess von Zapfenkreuzen auf  Machining process of journal crosses on
Drehmaschinen lathes
I. Anwendungsgebiet I. Field of application
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Herstellverfahren und eine dafür geeignete Maschine zum Herstellen von Zapfenkreuzen und ähnlichen Werkstücken, welche rotationssymmetrische Bereiche aufweisen, deren Rotationsachsen im Winkel, insbesondere im rechten Winkel, zueinander stehen. The invention relates to a manufacturing method and a machine suitable for the manufacture of journal crosses and similar workpieces, which have rotationally symmetric areas whose axes of rotation at an angle, in particular at right angles to each other.
II. Technischer Hintergrund II. Technical background
Für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ausschließlich der Begriff „Zapfen kreuze" für solche Werkstücke verwendet. For the purposes of the present invention, only the term "spigot crosses" is used for such workpieces.
Bei derartigen Zapfenkreuzen müssen die Endbereiche hinsichtlich Mantelfläche und Stirnfläche bearbeitet werden, während der mittlere Bereich häufig roh bleibt, wie er aus dem Urformvorgang (Gießen oder Schmieden) hervor- geht. In such journal crosses, the end regions must be machined with respect to the lateral surface and the end surface, while the central region often remains raw, as emerges from the primary molding process (casting or forging).
In der Vergangenheit wurden derartige Zapfenkreuze auf Drehmaschinen bearbeitet, indem sie in einem Spezialfutter so gespannt wurden, dass jeweils nur ein Zapfen des Zapfenkreuzes aus dem Futter hervorragte und bei rotierend um die Drehachse angetriebenem Werkstück bearbeitet werden konnte. Anschließend konnte das Zapfenkreuz in dem Spezialfutter um eine Taktachse, die quer zur Drehachse steht, um 90° weitergetaktet und der nächste Zapfen drehend bearbeitet werden. Der Nachteil dieser Vorgehensweise war die lange Bearbeitungsdauer, da die vier Zapfen hintereinander bearbeitet werden mussten. In the past, such spiked crosses were machined on lathes by being tensioned in a special chuck so that only one spigot of the trunnion cross protruded out of the chuck and could be machined with the workpiece driven in rotation about the axis of rotation. Subsequently, the spider in the special chuck could be clocked by 90 ° about a clock axis, which is transverse to the axis of rotation, and the next spigot could be machined in rotation. The disadvantage of this procedure was the long processing time, since the four pins had to be processed one behind the other.
Ein weiterer Nachteil war das benötigte aufwendige Spezialfutter, welches nicht nur teuer, sondern auch groß und voluminös ist und mit zunehmender Größe der Zapfenkreuze überproportional an Gewicht und Größe zunimmt, wodurch die rotierend angetriebene Masse sehr gross wurde und abhängig von den Abmessungen der verwendeten Maschine nur relativ kleine Zapfenkreuze bearbeitet werden konnten. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, dass durch das jeweilige Weitertakten um 90° bzgl. jedes einzelnen Zapfens eine Takt-Ungenauigkeit auftreten konnte. Another disadvantage was the required complex special food, which is not only expensive, but also large and voluminous and increases disproportionately with increasing size of the spigot on weight and size, whereby the rotationally driven mass was very large and depending on the dimensions of the machine used only relatively small cone crosses could be edited. Another disadvantage is that due to the respective indexing by 90 ° with respect to each individual pin, a clock inaccuracy could occur.
III. Darstellung der Erfindung a) Technische Aufgabe III. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION a) Technical Problem
Es ist daher die Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung, ein Bearbeitungsverfahren für Zapfenkreuze und ähnliche Werkstücke zu schaffen, welches eine gerin- gere Bearbeitungszeit und weniger komplizierte Hilfsvorrichtungen benötigt und in der gleichen Maschine die Bearbeitung größerer Zapfenkreuze zu- lässt. Die hierfür benötigte Maschine oder Vorrichtung soll einfacher und kostengünstiger aufgebaut sein. b) Lösung der Aufgabe It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a machining method for journal crosses and similar workpieces, which requires less machining time and less complicated auxiliary devices and permits the machining of larger journal crosses in the same machine. The machine or device required for this purpose should be simpler and less expensive. b) Solution of the task
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 7. Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.
Die Lösung hinsichtlich der Vorgehensweise besteht darin, durch eine andere Aufspannung am Rohteil jeweils ein fluchtendes Paar von rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitten am Werkstück in einer Aufspannung bearbeiten zu können, wodurch zum einen die Bearbeitungszeiten reduziert werden und zum anderen auch die Fehler durch erneute Spannung minimiert werden: The solution in terms of the procedure is to be able to edit in each case an aligned pair of rotationally symmetric sections on the workpiece in one clamping by a different clamping on the workpiece, which on the one hand the processing times are reduced and on the other hand, the errors are minimized by re-tension:
Denn beim ersten Aufspannen wird das Werkstück in seinem mittleren Bereich an den in der Regel noch unbearbeiteten Flächen gespannt, und zwar so, dass in dieser Aufspannung zwei zueinander fluchtende rotationssym- metrische Abschnitte, also mit den beiden parallel zueinander liegenden Stirnflächen, bearbeitet werden können. Dies umfasst in aller Regel das Bearbeiten der Stirnflächen, also das Bearbeiten des Werkstückes auf Länge von der einen zur anderen Stirnfläche, sowie das Einbringen von Zentrierbohrungen in diese Stirnflächen. For during the first clamping the workpiece is clamped in its central region of the usually still unprocessed surfaces, in such a way that in this clamping two mutually aligned rotationally symmetric sections, ie with the two mutually parallel end faces, can be edited. This usually includes the processing of the end faces, that is, the machining of the workpiece to length from one to the other end face, and the introduction of centering holes in these end faces.
Anschließend wird das Werkstück um eine Schwenkachse verschwenkt, die senkrecht zu der Verbindungslinie zwischen den bereits erstellten Zentrierbohrungen steht und auch senkrecht zu den noch zu erstellenden Zentrierbohrungen der beiden anderen rotationssymmetrischen Abtschnitte steht, und in dieser verschwenkten Lage wiederum die beiden anderen zueinander fluchtenden rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitte wie oben beschrieben bearbeitet durch das Bearbeiten der Stirnflächen, also das Bearbeiten des Werkstückes auf Länge von der einen zur anderen Stirnfläche, sowie das Einbringen von Zentrierbohrungen in diese Stirnflächen. Subsequently, the workpiece is pivoted about a pivot axis which is perpendicular to the connecting line between the already created centering holes and perpendicular to the still to be created centering holes of the other two rotationally symmetric sections, and in this pivoted position turn the two other mutually aligned rotationally symmetric sections such as described above edited by editing the end faces, so editing the workpiece to length from one to the other end face, and the introduction of centering holes in these end faces.
Dieser Vorgang kann auch später durchgeführt werden, nämlich nachdem das erste Zapfenpaar fertig bearbeitet wurde. In dieser Aufspannung liegt das Werkstück vorzugsweise mit der Rotationsachse der in diesem Schritt zu bearbeitenden rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitte parallel zu oder auf der Drehachse der benutzten Drehmaschine. Anschließend wird das Werkstück zwischen zwei Zentrierspitzen gespannt, die in die vorher angefertigten Zentrierbohrungen eingreifen, und die Spannung in seinem mittleren Bereich an den in der Regel noch unbearbeiteten Flächen gelöst. Das Werkstück wird zusätzlich drehend angetrieben und am rotierenden Werkstück werden die Mantelflächen des ersten Zapfenpaares nahe der bearbeiteten Stirnflächen oder direkt angrenzend an diese bearbeitet. This process can also be carried out later, namely after the first pair of pins has been finished. In this setup, the workpiece is preferably parallel to or on the axis of rotation of the lathe used with the axis of rotation of the rotationally symmetric sections to be machined in this step. Subsequently, the workpiece is tensioned between two centering points, which engage in the previously made centering holes, and the tension in its central region is solved on the usually still unprocessed surfaces. The workpiece is additionally driven in rotation and on the rotating workpiece, the lateral surfaces of the first pair of pins are processed near the machined end faces or directly adjacent thereto.
Bevor auch die Mantelflächen des zweiten Zapfenpaares auf die gleiche Art und Weise bearbeitet werden können, muss das Werkstück um die Schwenkachse zurück verschwenkt werden, wofür es wieder in seinem mittleren Bereich an den der Regel noch unbearbeiteten Flächen gespannt wird und - nach Lösen der Spannung zwischen Spitzen - um diese Schwenkachse zurückgeschwenkt wird, so dass das erste Zapfenpaar auf der Drehachse liegt und zwischen Spitzen gespannt werden kann. Before the lateral surfaces of the second pair of pins can be processed in the same way, the workpiece must be pivoted back about the pivot axis, for which it is again stretched in its central region on the rule still unprocessed surfaces and - after releasing the voltage between Tips - is pivoted back about this pivot axis, so that the first pair of pins on the axis of rotation and can be stretched between peaks.
Auf diese Art und Weise sind bereits zwei der rotatiossymmetrischen Abschnitte fertig bearbeitet. In this way, two of the rotationally symmetric sections are already finished.
Anschließend erfolgt der gleiche Ablauf wie vorstehend beschrieben noch- mals für das zweite Paar von zueinander fluchtenden rotationssymmetrischen Abschnitten. Subsequently, the same sequence as described above takes place again for the second pair of mutually aligned rotationally symmetric sections.
Bei dem beschriebenen Ablauf können die Mantelflächen mittels Drehfräsen oder mittels Drehen bearbeitet werden. In the described procedure, the lateral surfaces can be processed by means of rotary milling or by turning.
Ferner können die Bearbeitungen der einander gegenüberliegenden, parallel zueinander angeordneten Stirnflächen sowie der darin einzubringenden Zentnerbohrungen gleichzeitig erfolgen, wenn zwei getrennte Werkzeugeinheiten hierfür vorhanden sind. Furthermore, the machining operations of the mutually opposite end faces arranged parallel to one another and of the parts to be introduced therein Center bores occur simultaneously if two separate tool units are available for this purpose.
Zum Spannen des Werkstückes im mittleren Bereich an den in der Regel unbearbeiteten Flächen wird das Werkstück auf eine Auflagefläche aufgelegt, die parallel zur Ebene der sich kreuzenden Rotationsachsen der rotationssymmetrischen Werkstückflächen liegt. For clamping the workpiece in the central region of the usually unprocessed surfaces, the workpiece is placed on a support surface which is parallel to the plane of the intersecting axes of rotation of the rotationally symmetrical workpiece surfaces.
Vorzugsweise werden dabei mindestens zwei, gegebenenfalls auch vier ra- dial in den Innenecken zwischen den rotationssymmetrischen Bereichen nach innen gerichteten Klemmbacken gegen die Innenecken des Werkstückes vorgefahren und das Werkstück dadurch gespannt. Preferably, at least two, possibly also four radially in the inner corners between the rotationally symmetric areas inwardly directed clamping jaws are moved against the inner corners of the workpiece and the workpiece thereby stressed.
Diese Vorgehensweise ist umsetzbar mit einer Maschine, die außer den üb- liehen Komponenten einer Drehmaschine, also einem Bett, ein oder zwei in Z- und in X- Richtung verfahrbaren Werkzeugeinheiten sowie einem Spindelstock und einem gegenüberliegenden Reitstock oder Gegenspindelstock eine zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung mit einer Auflagefläche, die parallel zur Drehachse der Maschine verläuft, aufweist. This procedure can be implemented with a machine which, in addition to the usual components of a lathe, ie a bed, one or two tool units which can be moved in the Z and X directions, and a headstock and an opposite tailstock or counterhead have an additional clamping device with a bearing surface , which runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine has.
Auf diese Auflagefläche der zusätzlichen Spannvorrichtung wird das Rohteil aufgelegt und festgespannt, und für die Bearbeitung des zweiten Paares von rotationssymetrischen Flächen muss diese zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung einschließlich der Auflagefläche um eine lotrecht zur Aufnahmefläche ste- hende Schwenkachse verschwenkbar sein, in der Regel um 90° verschwenkbar sein. On this bearing surface of the additional clamping device, the blank is placed and tightened, and for the processing of the second pair of rotationally symmetric surfaces, this additional clamping device including the support surface about a perpendicular to the receiving surface standing- pivot axis should be pivoted, be pivoted by 90 ° usually ,
Von dieser aktivierten Position aus kann die zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung auch in eine deaktivierte Position außerhalb des Arbeitsbereiches der Dreh- maschine verfahren werden, sei es in X-Richtung oder in Y-Richtung. From this activated position, the additional clamping device can also be moved to a deactivated position outside the working range of the lathe, be it in the X direction or in the Y direction.
Vorzugsweise weist diese zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung eine gerade Anzahl, zum Beispiel zwei oder vier, von der Auflagefläche nach oben ragende Spannbacken auf, die bezüglich der Schwenkachse der Auflagefläche radial nach innen mit Kraft beaufschlagbar sind und dadurch ein zwischen die Spannbacken eingelegtes Werkstück an dessen Innenecken spannen. Zusätzlich muss wenigstens eine Werkzeugeinheit ein drehend antreibbares Werkzeug umfassen, beispielsweise einen Zentrierbohrer, mit dem die Zentrierbohrungen herstellbar sind und einen Umfangsfräser, mit dem das Werkstück auf Länge bearbeitet wird.. Der Spindelstock und eventuell auch der Gegen-Spindelstock sollten vorzugsweise mit einer Spannvorrichtung ausgestattet sein, in deren Zentrum sich eine Zentrierspitze befindet, sowie eine Mitnahmevorrichtung für das Werkstück in Drehrichtung, beispielsweise einen Stirnmitnehmer. Preferably, this additional clamping device has an even number, for example two or four, of the support surface upwardly projecting Clamping jaws, which are acted upon radially inwardly with respect to the pivot axis of the support surface with force and thereby tension a loaded between the clamping jaws workpiece on the inner corners. In addition, at least one tool unit must comprise a rotationally drivable tool, for example a center drill, with which the centering holes can be produced and a peripheral cutter, with which the workpiece is machined to length .. The headstock and possibly also the counter-headstock should preferably equipped with a clamping device be, in the center of which is a centering, as well as a driving device for the workpiece in the direction of rotation, for example, a Stirnmitnehmer.
c) Ausführungsbeispiele c) embodiments
Ausführungsformen gemäß der Erfindung sind im Folgenden beispielhaft näher beschrieben. Es zeigen: Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:
Fig. 1a - c: unterschiedliche Betriebszustände der Drehmaschine, und Fig. 2a - d: unterschiedliche Bearbeitungszustände des Zapfenkreuzes. Wie die Figuren 2a bis d zeigen, besteht das Ziel darin, bei einem Zapfenkreuz mit einem Mittelteil 3, von dem in einer Ebene in vier um jeweils 90° getrennte Richtungen ein Zapfen 2 abragt, die Zapfen 2 stirnseitig und an seinen Mantelflächen spanend zu bearbeiten, während das Mittelteil 3 des durch Urformen (Gießen oder Schmieden) hergestellten Stahl- oder Gusstei- les in der Regel unbearbeitet verbleibt. Die beiden jeweils einander gegenüber liegenden und fluchtenden Paare von zwei Zapfen können auch mit einem anderen Zwischenwinkel zueinander angeordnet sein. Um diese Bearbeitung effizient durchzuführen, wird eine speziell ausgestattete Drehmaschine verwendet, wie sie in den Figuren 1a bis c dargestellt ist: 1a-c: different operating states of the lathe, and Fig. 2a-d: different processing states of the journal cross. As shown in FIGS. 2 a to d, the goal is to machine the pin 2 on the face side and on its lateral surfaces in a cross member having a central part 3, from which a pin 2 protrudes in one plane in four directions separated by 90 ° while the middle part 3 of the steel or cast iron part produced by primary molding (casting or forging) as a rule remains unprocessed. The two mutually opposite and aligned pairs of two pins can also be arranged with another intermediate angle to each other. In order to carry out this processing efficiently, a specially equipped lathe is used, as shown in FIGS. 1a to c:
Diese Drehmaschine besitzt zum einen die üblichen Komponenten: Auf einem Bett 11 sitzt ein Spindelstock 12, aus dem eine Spannvorrichtung 13 vorsteht zum Spannen und drehend Antreiben eines darin gespannten Werkstückes um die Drehachse 10, die für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung als Z-Achse definiert wird. Dem Spindelstock 12 gegenüberliegend befindet sich ein Gegen-Spindel- stock 14, der ebenfalls eine Spannvorrichtung 13 trägt. This lathe has on the one hand the usual components: On a bed 11 sits a headstock 12, from which a tensioning device 13 protrudes for clamping and rotationally driving a workpiece clamped therein about the axis of rotation 10, which defines for the purposes of the present invention as a Z-axis becomes. Opposite the headstock 12 is a counter-spindle stock 14, which likewise carries a tensioning device 13.
An dem Bett 11 sind - in diesem Fall oberhalb von Spindelstock 12 und Ge- gen-Spindelstock 14 - zwei Werkzeugeinheiten 20 angeordnet, die vorzugs- weise identisch aufgebaut sind und jeweils aus einem Z-Schlitten 16 bestehen und die entlang von Z-Führungen 15 in Z-Richtung verfahrbar sind. On the bed 11 - in this case above the headstock 12 and opposite headstock 14 - two tool units 20 are arranged, which are preferably constructed identically and each consist of a Z-slide 16 and along Z-guides 15th can be moved in the Z direction.
Auf den Z-Schlitten 16 sind in X-Richtung verfahrbare X-Schlitten 17 angeordnet, die auf ihren einander zugewandten Vorderseiten jeweils einen Werkzeugrevolver 6 tragen, auf dem sowohl drehend angetriebene Werkzeuge, wie etwa Zentrierbohrer oder Scheibenfräser angeordnet sein können, als auch nicht rotierende Werkzeuge, wie etwa Drehwerkzeuge. On the Z-carriage 16 movable X-carriage 17 are arranged in the X direction, each carrying a tool turret 6 on their facing front sides on which both rotationally driven tools, such as center drill or side milling cutter can be arranged, as well as non-rotating Tools, such as turning tools.
Mit all diesen Werkzeugen können diese Werkzeugeinheiten 20 - ggf. auch gleichzeitig - an einem Werkstück du Altig was Tante 1 arbeiten, welches sich im Arbeitsbereich, insbesondere zwischen den Spindelstöcken 12, 14 befindet. Das besondere dieser Drehmaschine besteht erfindungsgemäß darin, dass zusätzlich eine Spannvorrichtung 19 für ein Werkstück 1 im oder unmittelbar unter dem Arbeitsbereich angeordnet ist, bestehend u.a. aus einer in der vorzugsweise Z-Y-Ebene liegenden Auflagefläche 18 zum Auflegen des Zap- fenkreuzes 1 mit seiner Hauptebene und von dieser Auflagefläche 18 nach oben abstehenden Klemmbacken 9, die gegen das Zentrum des Zapfenkreuzes 1 verfahrbar sind und dessen Mittelteil 3 zwischen sich festspannen können, wie am besten in den Figuren 2a bis d zu erkennen. Die Auflagefläche 18 ist die Oberseite eines Obertisches 23, der gegenüber einem darunter liegenden und abstützenden Untertisch 24 um eine vorzugsweise in X-Richtung verlaufende Normale 21 verschwenkbar ist, insbesondere getaktet um beispielsweise 90° verschwenkbar ist. Die gesamte Spannvorrichtung 19, vorzugsweise einschließlich Obertisch 23 und Untertisch 24, ist in X-Richtung entlang von X-Führungen 25 in den Arbeitsbereich hinein und, vorzugsweise nach unten, oder sowohl nach oben und unten, aus diesem heraus verfahrbar. Gegebenenfalls sind die X-Führungen 25 für die Spannvorrichtung 19 soweit nach oben verlängert, dass ein darauf aufliegendes Zapfenkreuz 1 über den Arbeitsbereich, also die fluchtende Lage mit der Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine, nach oben hinaus verfahrbar ist, um dort eine leichtere Bearbeitung des Werkstückes durch angetriebene Werkzeuge der Werkzeugeinheiten 20 zu ermöglichen. With all these tools, these tool units 20 - possibly also at the same time - work on a workpiece du Altig what Aunt 1, which is located in the work area, in particular between the headstocks 12, 14. The special feature of this lathe according to the invention is that in addition a clamping device 19 is arranged for a workpiece 1 in or immediately below the work area, consisting inter alia of a lying in the preferably ZY plane bearing surface 18 for placing the pin cross 1 with its main plane and from this bearing surface 18 upwardly projecting jaws 9, which are movable against the center of the spider 1 and the middle part 3 can clamp between them, as best seen in Figures 2a to d. The support surface 18 is the upper side of an upper table 23, which is pivotable relative to an underlying and supporting lower table 24 about a preferably extending in the X direction normal 21, in particular clocked by, for example, 90 ° can be pivoted. The entire tensioning device 19, preferably including upper table 23 and lower table 24, is movable in the X-direction along X-guides 25 into the working area and, preferably downwards, or both upwards and downwards, out of this. Optionally, the X-guides 25 are so far extended for the clamping device 19 that a trunnion 1 resting on it over the work area, so the aligned position with the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, is moved upwards to there easier processing of the workpiece by powered tools of the tool units 20 to allow.
Mit einer solchen Maschine ist eine Vorgehensweise zum Bearbeiten der Zapfen 2 des Zapfenkreuzes 1 möglich, die wie folgt abläuft: Zunächst wird (Fig. 2a) das Zapfenkreuz 1 mit seiner Unterseite auf der Auflagefläche 18 der Spannvorrichtung 19 zentrisch zwischen den zurückgezogenen, also radial nach außen verfahrenen, Spannbacken 9 eingelegt, so- dass die sich kreuzenden Rotationsachsen 10a, b der beiden Paare von Zapfen 2 parallel zu Auflagefläche 18 verlaufen. With such a machine, a procedure for machining the pin 2 of the spider 1 is possible, which proceeds as follows: First, (Fig. 2a) the spider 1 with its underside on the support surface 18 of the clamping device 19 centric between the retracted, ie radially to moved outside, clamping jaws 9 inserted, so- in that the intersecting axes of rotation 10a, b of the two pairs of pins 2 run parallel to the bearing surface 18.
Nun werden die Klemmbacken 9 radial nach innen verfahren, bis sie an den jeweiligen Innenecken 5 des Mittelteiles 3 anliegen und das Zapfenkreuz 1 fest zentrisch zwischen sich spannen. Vorzugsweise sind die KlemmbackenNow, the jaws 9 are moved radially inward until they rest against the respective inner corners 5 of the middle part 3 and the spider 1 fixed span between them. Preferably, the jaws
9 hydraulisch so miteinander verbunden, dass sie jeweils den gleichen Spanndruck aufbringen. Das so gespannte Zapfenkreuz 1 ist bereits oder wird nun mittels der Spannvorrichtung 19 nach oben gefahren bis auf Höhe mindestens der Drehachse9 hydraulically connected so that they each apply the same clamping pressure. The spider 1 thus tensioned is already or is now moved upwards by means of the tensioning device 19 up to the level of at least the axis of rotation
10 der Drehmaschine, ggf. noch darüber hinaus, sodass das Paar von Zapfen 2, dessen Rotationsachse 10a parallel zur Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine liegt, zunächst auf Länge bearbeitet werden kann, indem die Stirnsei- ten 4 dieser Zapfen 2 mittels eines z.B. Scheibenfräsers 7 auf Maß abgefräst werden. Der Scheibenfräser sitzt entweder auf jeweils einem der Werkzeug- Revolver 6 oder stellt eine separate Werkzeugeinheit an der Drehmaschine dar. Anschließend werden die beiden Werkzeug-Revolver 6 so gedreht, dass die darauf vorhandenen Zentrierbohrer 26 mit der Rotationsachse 10a dieses Paares von Zapfen 2 fluchten (Fig. 1 b) und die Zentrierbohrer 26 werden soweit in Z-Richtung in die Stirnfläche 4 hinein verfahren, dass sie dort jeweils eine Zentrierbohrung 8 erzeugen. 10 of the lathe, and possibly beyond, so that the pair of pins 2, whose axis of rotation 10a is parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, can first be machined to length by the end sides 4 of these pins 2 by means of e.g. Disk mill 7 are milled to size. The side milling cutter either sits on one of the tool turrets 6 or represents a separate tool unit on the lathe. Subsequently, the two tool turrets 6 are rotated so that the centering bores 26 thereon are aligned with the axis of rotation 10a of this pair of pins 2 ( Fig. 1 b) and the centering drill 26 are moved so far in the Z direction in the end face 4 in that they produce there each a center hole 8.
Sobald dies erfolgt ist, wird der Obertisch 23 zusammen mit dem Zapfenkreuz 1 um die Normale 21 relativ zum Untertisch 24 um in diesem Fall 90° gedreht, sodass nun das noch unbearbeitete Zapfenpaar mit seiner Rotationsachse 10b parallel zur Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine liegt und gemäß der Figur 2c mit dem gleichen Ablauf wie zuvor beschrieben nunmehr dieses zweite Zapfenpaar bearbeitet. Nunmehr wird die Spannvorrichtung 19 zusammen mit dem darauf gespannten Zapfenkreuz 1 soweit nach unten verfahren, dass diese Rotationsachse 10a der stirnseitig bereits bearbeiteten Zapfen 2 mit der Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine fluchtet, und die Zentrierspitzen 22 der Spannvorrichtungen 13 greifen in die Zentrierbohrungen 8 ein und spannen damit das Zapfenkreuz 1 zwischen diesen Zentrierspitzen 22. Once this is done, the upper table 23 is rotated together with the spider 1 to the normal 21 relative to the lower table 24 in this case 90 ° so that now the unprocessed pair of pins with its axis of rotation 10b parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe and according to the Figure 2c processed with the same procedure as previously described now this second pair of pins. Now, the tensioning device 19 is moved downwards together with the spider 1 stretched on it, that this axis of rotation 10a of the end side already machined pin 2 is aligned with the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe, and the centering points 22 of the jigs 13 engage in the centering holes 8 and tension so that the spider 1 between these spikes 22nd
Sobald dies erfolgt ist, wird die Spannvorrichtung 19 gelöst, indem die Klemmbacken 9 radial nach außen zurückfahren und das Zapfenkreuz 1 frei- geben, und die gesamte Spannvorrichtung 19 entlang der X-Führungen 25 soweit nach unten verfahren (Fig. 1c), dass das Zapfenkreuz 1 um die Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine von Spindelstock 12 und Gegenspindelstock 14 rotierend angetrieben werden kann. Hierzu liegen in der Regel außer den Zentrierspitzen 22 am Zapfenkreuz 1 Stirnmitnehmer oder andere ein Dreh- moment um die Drehachse 10 auf das Werkstück übertragende Elemente an. As soon as this has taken place, the clamping device 19 is released by the clamping jaws 9 retracting radially outward and releasing the spider 1, and the entire clamping device 19 moves downwards along the X-guides 25 (FIG. 1 c) Spider 1 around the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe of the headstock 12 and counter spindle 14 can be driven to rotate. For this purpose, apart from the centering tips 22 on the journal cross 1, there are usually an end driver or other elements transmitting a torque about the axis of rotation 10 to the workpiece.
In diesem Zustand werden die rotierenden Mantelflächen der Zapfen 2, die durch die Zentrierspitzen 22 gehalten werden, mittels Drehwerkzeugen 27 des Werkzeug-Revolvers 6 mittels Drehen bearbeitet. In this state, the rotating lateral surfaces of the pins 2, which are held by the centering tips 22, machined by means of turning tools 27 of the tool turret 6 by means of turning.
Anschließend fährt die Spannvorrichtung 19 hoch, bis das Zapfenkreuz 1 wieder auf seiner oberen Auflagefläche 18 aufsitzt, und die Klemmbacken 9 werden radial nach innen vorwärts gefahren und spannen das Zapfenkreuz 1 wieder in den Innenecken 5. Subsequently, the tensioning device 19 moves up until the spider 1 is seated again on its upper bearing surface 18, and the clamping jaws 9 are moved radially inwards and tension the spider 1 back into the inner corners 5.
Sobald dies erfolgt ist, werden die Zentrierspitzen 22 aus den Zentrierbohrungen 8 zurückgefahren und (Fig. 2b) der Obertisch 23 zusammen mit dem Zapfenkreuz 1 um die Normale 21 relativ zum Untertisch 24 um in diesem Fall 90° gedreht, vorzugsweise zurückgedreht, sodass nun das an den Mantelflächen noch unbearbeitete Zapfenpaar mit seiner Rotationsachse 10b parallel zur Drehachse 10 der Drehmaschine liegt. Die Zentnerspitzen 22 der Spannvorrichtungen 13 greifen nun in die Zentrierbohrungen 8 ein und spannen damit das Zapfenkreuz 1 zwischen diesen Zentrierspitzen 22., sodaß nun gemäß der Figur 2d mit dem gleichen Ablauf wie zuvor beschrieben nunmehr dieses zweite Zapfenpaar bearbeitet wird, nämlich die rotierenden Mantelflächen der Zapfen 2, die durch die Zentrierspitzen 22 gehalten werden, mittels Drehwerkzeugen 27 des Werkzeug- Revolvers 6 mittels Drehen bearbeitet werden. Once this is done, the centering tips 22 are moved back from the centering holes 8 and (Fig. 2b) of the upper table 23 together with the spider 1 to the normal 21 relative to the lower table 24 in this case rotated 90 °, preferably turned back, so now the on the lateral surfaces still unprocessed pair of pins with its axis of rotation 10b parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the lathe. The Zentnerspitzen 22 of the tensioning devices 13 now engage in the centering holes 8 and thus tension the spider 1 between these spikes 22, so now according to the figure 2d with the same procedure as previously described now this second pair of pins is processed, namely the rotating lateral surfaces of Pins 2, which are held by the centering tips 22, are machined by means of turning tools 27 of the tool turret 6 by means of turning.
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, das erste Zapfenpaar, fluchtend oder parallel zur Drehachse der Drehmaschine, zunächst gehalten durch die zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung 19 und direkt anschließend gehalten zwischen Spitzen 22 fertig zu bearbeiten, und erst dann nach Drehung des Werkstückes um 90° mittels der zusätzlichen Spannvorrichtung 19 das zweite Zapfenpaar auf die gleiche Weise zu bearbeiten. Alternatively, it is also possible, the first pair of pins, aligned or parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe, first held by the additional clamping device 19 and then held directly between tips 22 ready to finish, and only after rotation of the workpiece by 90 ° by means of the additional clamping device 19 to edit the second pin pair in the same way.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Zapfen kreuz, Werkstück1 pin cross, workpiece
2 Zapfen2 cones
3 Mittelteil3 middle part
4 Stirnseite4 front side
5 Innenecke5 inside corner
6 Werkzeug-Revolver6 tool turret
7 Fräser, Scheibenfräser7 milling cutters, side milling cutters
8 Zentrierbohrung 8 center hole
9 Klemmbacke  9 jaw
10 Drehachse, Z-Richtung 10 axis of rotation, Z direction
10a,b Rotationsachse 10a, b rotation axis
1 1 Bett  1 1 bed
12 Spindelstock  12 headstock
13 Spannfutter  13 chucks
14 Gegen-Spindelstock 14 counter-headstock
15 Z-Führung 15 Z-lead
16 Z-Schlitten  16 Z-sleds
17 X-Sch litten  17 X-Sch suffered
18 Auflagefläche  18 contact surface
19 Spannvorrichtung 19 clamping device
20 Werkzeug-Einheit20 tool unit
21 Normale21 normal
22 Zentrierspitze 22 center point
23 Obertisch 23 upper table
24 Untertisch 24 undercounter
25 X-Führung  25 X-guide
26 Zentrierbohrer  26 center drill
27 Drehwerkzeug  27 turning tool

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 . Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken (1 ), insbesondere Zapfen- kreuzen (1 ), mit zwei Paaren von rotationssymmetrischen Zapfen (2), von denen je zwei Zapfen (2) miteinander fluchten und die Rotationsachsen (10a, b) der beiden Paare einen Zwischen-Winkel einschließen, mit folgenden Schritten: 1 . Method for machining workpieces (1), in particular pin crosses (1), with two pairs of rotationally symmetrical pins (2), of which two pins (2) are aligned with each other and the axes of rotation (10a, b) of the two pairs an intermediate Including angles, with the following steps:
a) Spannen des Werkstückes (1 ) im mittleren Bereich und Bearbeiten der parallel zueinander liegenden Stirnflächen des ersten Paares von Zapfen mittels rotierenden Werkzeugen, insbesondere mittels Fräsen (7) einschließlich Einbringen von Zentrierbohrungen (8) in diese Stirnflächen, a) clamping the workpiece (1) in the central region and machining the mutually parallel end faces of the first pair of pins by means of rotating tools, in particular by means of milling (7) including introducing centering holes (8) in these end faces,
b) Drehen des Werkstückes (1 ) um eine zur Verbindungslinie zwischen den vorhandenen Zentrierbohrungen (8) senkrecht stehende Normaleb) rotating the workpiece (1) about a perpendicular to the line connecting the existing centering holes (8) normal
(21 ) um den Zwischen-Winkel, insbesondere um 90°, (21) by the intermediate angle, in particular by 90 °,
c) Bearbeiten der zueinander parallel liegenden Stirnflächen, des zweiten Paares von Zapfen mittels rotierenden Werkzeugen, insbesondere Fräsern, einschließlich Einbringen von Zentrierbohrungen (8), c) machining of mutually parallel end faces of the second pair of pins by means of rotating tools, in particular milling cutters, including introduction of centering holes (8),
d) Lösen der bisherigen Spannung und statt dessen Spannen an den beiden zuletzt hergestellten Zentrierbohrungen (8) zwischen Zentrierspitzen (22) sowie drehendes Antreiben des Werkstückes (1 ), d) releasing the previous tension and instead clamping on the two last-made centering holes (8) between centering tips (22) and rotationally driving the workpiece (1),
e) Bearbeiten der Mantelflächen der Zapfen (2) des zweiten Paares bei rotierendem Werkstück (1 ), e) working the lateral surfaces of the pins (2) of the second pair with a rotating workpiece (1),
f) Spannen des Werkstückes (1a) am Mittelteil (3) und Lösen der Spannung zwischen Zentrierspitzen (22), f) clamping the workpiece (1a) on the middle part (3) and releasing the tension between centering tips (22),
g) Drehen, vorzugsweise zurückdrehen, des Werkstückes (1 ) um eine zur Verbindungslinie zwischen den vorhandenen Zentrierbohrungen (8) senkrecht stehende Normale (21 ) um den Zwischen-Winkel, insbeson- dere um 90°, g) turning, preferably turning back, the workpiece (1) about a normal to the connecting line between the existing centering holes (8) normal (21) by the intermediate angle, in particular by 90 °,
h) Spannen des Werkstückes zwischen Zentrierspitzen (22) in den zuletzt hergestellten Zentrierbohrungen und Lösen der bisherigen Spannung, i) Bearbeiten der Mantelflächen der Zapfen (2) des ersten Paares bei rotierendem Werkstück, h) clamping the workpiece between centering tips (22) in the centering bores produced last and releasing the previous tension, i) working the lateral surfaces of the pins (2) of the first pair with a rotating workpiece,
wobei alternativ zu der zuvor beschriebenen Reihenfolge die Schritte b) und c) erst anstelle des Schrittes g) durchgeführt werden können. wherein, alternatively to the sequence described above, steps b) and c) can be performed only in place of step g).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
in den Schritten a) und c) die Bearbeitung der parallel zueinander liegenden Stirnflächen gleichzeitig erfolgt. in steps a) and c) the processing of the mutually parallel end faces takes place simultaneously.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
In den Schritten e) und i) die Bearbeitung der Mantelflächen mittels Drehen erfolgt.  In steps e) and i), the machining of the lateral surfaces by means of rotation takes place.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
In den Schritten e) und i) die Bearbeitung der Mantelflächen gleichzeitig erfolgt.  In steps e) and i) the processing of the lateral surfaces takes place simultaneously.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
zum Spannen am Mittelteil (3) das Werkstück (1) auf einer Auflagefläche (18) aufgelegt wird, die parallel zur Ebene der sich kreuzenden Rotationsachsen (10a, b) der rotationssymmetrischen Zapfen (2) liegt. for clamping on the central part (3), the workpiece (1) is placed on a support surface (18) which is parallel to the plane of the intersecting axes of rotation (10a, b) of the rotationally symmetrical pin (2).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
zum Spannen am Mittelteil (3) das Werkstück (1) in der Hauptebene form- schlüssig gehalten wird durch mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise vier radial gegen das Mittelteil (3) des Werkstückes (1) gerichteten Klemmbacken (9), die insbesondere in den Innenecken des Mittelteils (3) des Werkstückes (1) angreifen. for clamping on the middle part (3), the workpiece (1) is held positively in the main plane by at least two, preferably four clamping jaws (9) directed radially against the middle part (3) of the workpiece (1), in particular in the inner corners of the Center part (3) of the workpiece (1) attack.
7. Drehmaschine zum Bearbeiten von Werkstücken (1), insbesondere Zapfenkreuzen (1), mit zwei Paaren von rotationssymmetrischen Zapfen (2), von denen je zwei Zapfen (2) miteinander fluchten und die Rotationsachsen (10a, b) der beiden Paare einen Zwischen-Winkel einschließen, mit a) einem Bett (11), 7. Lathe for machining workpieces (1), in particular journal crosses (1), with two pairs of rotationally symmetrical pin (2), of which two pins (2) are aligned with each other and the axes of rotation (10a, b) of the two pairs an intermediate Angle, with a) a bed (11),
b) wenigstens einer, insbesondere wenigstens zwei, darauf mindestens in Z- und X-Richtung verfahrbaren Werkzeugeinheiten (20), b) at least one, in particular at least two, tool units (20) movable thereon at least in the Z and X directions,
c) einem Spindelstock (12) und einem gegenüberliegenden Reitstock oder einem Gegen-Spindelstock (14), c) a headstock (12) and an opposite tailstock or a counter-headstock (14),
d) wobei die wenigstens eine Werkzeugeinheit (20) auch wenigstens ein drehend antreibbares Werkzeug umfasst, d) wherein the at least one tool unit (20) also comprises at least one rotationally drivable tool,
gekennzeichnet durch marked by
e) eine zusätzliche Spannvorrichtung (19) zum Spannen eines Werkstü- ckes mit einer Auflagefläche (18) für das Werkstück (1), die schwenkbar um die Normale (21) zur Auflagefläche (18) ist und deren Auflagefläche (18) parallel zur Drehachse (10) liegt. e) an additional clamping device (19) for clamping a workpiece with a bearing surface (18) for the workpiece (1), which is pivotable about the normal (21) to the support surface (18) and the support surface (18) parallel to the axis of rotation (10) lies.
8. Drehmaschine nach Anspruch 7, 8. Lathe according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Spannvorrichtung (19) in den Arbeitsbereich der Drehmaschine und aus diesem heraus verfahrbar ist. the tensioning device (19) can be moved into and out of the working range of the lathe.
9. Drehmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 9. Lathe according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Spannvorrichtung (19) gegeneinander gerichtete Klemmbacken (9) in gerader Anzahl aufweist. the clamping device (19) against each other facing jaws (9) in an even number.
10. Drehmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 10. Lathe according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Spindelstock (12) und/oder der Gegen-Spindelstock (14) je eine Spannvorrichtung (13) mit einer zentralen Zentrierspitze (22) aufweisen. the headstock (12) and / or the counter-headstock (14) each have a clamping device (13) with a central centering tip (22).
EP13807978.5A 2012-12-21 2013-12-13 Process for machining cross pins on lathes Withdrawn EP2934815A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012113022.1A DE102012113022B3 (en) 2012-12-21 2012-12-21 Machining process of journal crosses on lathes
PCT/EP2013/076554 WO2014095638A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2013-12-13 Process for machining cross pins on lathes

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EP2934815A1 true EP2934815A1 (en) 2015-10-28

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US (1) US20160001372A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2934815A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2016505395A (en)
KR (1) KR20150097468A (en)
CN (1) CN104781037A (en)
BR (1) BR112015011899A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102012113022B3 (en)
MX (1) MX2015005480A (en)
RU (1) RU2015128014A (en)
WO (1) WO2014095638A1 (en)

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CN107336018B (en) * 2017-06-29 2024-02-13 深圳市粤中窿科技有限公司 Universal turning and milling composite device
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US20160001372A1 (en) 2016-01-07
CN104781037A (en) 2015-07-15
BR112015011899A2 (en) 2017-07-11
DE102012113022B3 (en) 2014-05-15
RU2015128014A (en) 2017-01-27
KR20150097468A (en) 2015-08-26
JP2016505395A (en) 2016-02-25
WO2014095638A1 (en) 2014-06-26
MX2015005480A (en) 2015-07-23

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