EP2926951A1 - Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances - Google Patents

Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2926951A1
EP2926951A1 EP14163007.9A EP14163007A EP2926951A1 EP 2926951 A1 EP2926951 A1 EP 2926951A1 EP 14163007 A EP14163007 A EP 14163007A EP 2926951 A1 EP2926951 A1 EP 2926951A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
nozzle
substance
compressed air
dioxide snow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14163007.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2926951B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Ludwig Prof. Dr.-Ing. Geiß
Juliane Elsäßer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern
Original Assignee
Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern filed Critical Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern
Priority to EP14163007.9A priority Critical patent/EP2926951B1/en
Publication of EP2926951A1 publication Critical patent/EP2926951A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2926951B1 publication Critical patent/EP2926951B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents

Definitions

  • adhesion-promoting substances is of great importance for the bonding and coating of components.
  • the removal of interfering surface layers and / or contaminations and the use of adhesion promoters contribute significantly to the improvement of the long-term stability of bonds and coatings under damaging environmental effects.
  • Known methods for cleaning and / or activating component surfaces are, for example, grinding [ EP 1239017 B1 ] or compressed air blasting [ DE3802043 C1 ], chemical etching (pickling) [ DE3427543A1 ], chemical conversion methods [ US 3907609 . DE19654642C2 ], electrochemical conversion processes (eg anodizing) [ US 4473446 ] and / or the application of adhesion-promoting and adhesion-improving coatings [ WO / 1997/005077 . WO 2000039356 A1 ].
  • the patents US 5814137 and US 6037060 relate to surface treatment methods for producing sol-gel films which adhere to the surfaces by means of covalent bonds and can be used to produce long-lasting adhesive bonds between metals and organic adhesives.
  • DE 3802043 C1 describes a method for blasting metal surfaces, in which a blasting agent modified with silicon-containing compounds is used in combination with a subsequent application of silane-based adhesion promoters.
  • US 3364056 is the admixture of halogen compounds to the fuel gas for the flame treatment of Polyolefinober lake known.
  • the DE 102006045951 A1 relates to a process for the chemical modification and / or activation of component surfaces, in which the supply of the halogen-containing compounds with simultaneous addition of organosilicon compounds is carried out by using at least one carrier medium which serves to supply energy to the surface and feeds the surface to one or more halogen-containing compounds Compounds or silanes or organometallic compounds or silicon hybrids or metal hybrids in the carrier medium takes place.
  • EP 2 151 300 B1 WO 03/022525 A1 and WO 2004/033154 A1 describes how the jet power can be increased by adding abrasive substances, additives and liquids, but the combination with adhesion-promoting substances is not described there.
  • the EP 2 008 770 A1 describes a process for cleaning molds for plastic molding in which dry ice is blasted onto a surface to be cleaned together with a release agent. The dry ice is conveyed by means of compressed air through a compressed air line, which has a nozzle ring. Through the nozzles of the nozzle ring, the release agent is supplied to the stream of compressed air and dry ice.
  • the release agent is either integrated into the dry ice and / or attached to the dry ice or mixed with the liquid carbon dioxide or with solid dry ice and then used for surface treatment.
  • the release agent is already supplied to the compressed air before mixing with liquid or solid carbon dioxide.
  • the solid surface should be provided with a release layer. No adhesion-promoting effect for bonding or coating is sought.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for the simultaneous cleaning and activation of component surfaces by a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesion-promoting substances.
  • the surface of a component is thereby pretreated for subsequent technical applications, in particular gluing or coating, and the long-term stability of bonds and coatings under damaging environmental influences is thereby improved.
  • the invention is based on the fact that an adhesion-promoting substance is applied to the surface by the carbon dioxide snow blasting process.
  • carbon dioxide is passed in the liquid state in an agglomeration chamber upstream of the nozzle and by the relaxation in the chamber formed carbon dioxide snow particles.
  • These carbon dioxide snow particles are bundled by a jet of super-fast compressed air and accelerated in the direction of the surface to be treated.
  • the super-fast compressed air is supplied before flowing into the agglomeration chamber an adhesion-promoting substance, which is applied with the carbon dioxide snow particles on the surface to be treated.
  • the adhesion-promoting substance used in the context of the invention has, in particular, adhesion-promoting, anti-corrosive or hydrophobizing properties and can be adapted to subsequent adhesive or coating processes.
  • Such substances which can be applied in thin layers are familiar to the person skilled in the field of surface pretreatment and, depending on the respective requirements for the adhesion-promoting effect, in particular taking into account subsequent further processing operations, selects or mixes a suitable substance from existing ones New components.
  • the adhesion-promoting substance is supplied to the stream of compressed air and swirled in this jet.
  • the multi-substance mixture produced from the carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance is accelerated by the compressed air flow in the nozzle and the carbon dioxide snow particles clean when impinging on the surface of a component of this contaminants in a known manner. Since the carbon dioxide snow particles change directly from the solid state of aggregation to the gaseous state under atmospheric pressure, only the adhesion-promoting substance remains on the blasted or cleaned surface. Upon impact of the mixture creates a balance between the cleaning of the surface and the application of the substance used. Excess or not adhering to the surface substance is due to the cleaning effect of the carbon dioxide snow particles removed again, so that the application of thin layers (in the nanometer range) of the substance is possible.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide is metered into the compressed air stream and the surface-activating or functionalizing substance in a relaxation space, the so-called agglomeration chamber.
  • This design of the method allows a uniform distribution of carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance, since it comes through the turbulence in the agglomeration chamber to a mixing of the media to a multi-substance mixture.
  • the feeding of the substance into the compressed air stream avoids a freezing of the delivery line of the liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the use of liquid carbon dioxide is advantageous in that the costly storage of dry ice is eliminated and the carbon dioxide snow particles are generated directly during the blasting process.
  • the substance is supplied to the compressed air immediately before entering the nozzle.
  • a container stockpiling the substance can, for example, in the immediate Are placed near the nozzle or the device for steeling, which is why transport-related damage to the substance can be avoided and the energy to convey the substance is relatively low.
  • the substance is preferably supplied to the compressed air using a metering pump.
  • the supply of the substance can be carried out in a constant volume flow or under constant pressure.
  • the compressed air is supplied as a substance, an adhesion promoter or a mixture of adhesion promoter and solvent.
  • the nozzle is followed by an air nozzle.
  • a hot air stream is discharged from the air nozzle.
  • the locally acting on the surface of the workpiece warm air flow promotes the attachment of the substance to the surface, which is dry after the treatment and can be subjected to further processing.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the above-described blasting method comprises a supply of liquid carbon dioxide, which is connected via a line with at least one agglomeration chamber of a nozzle body of a nozzle.
  • the agglomeration chamber of the nozzle body is preceded by an access which is connected via a supply line with compressed air and a container for a surface-activating and / or heatnfunktional expectde substance in flow communication.
  • the carbon dioxide snow particles may form and mix with the substance introduced into the stream of compressed air to be applied together through the nozzle to the surface to be processed.
  • the jet of super-fast compressed air as the substance for example, a bonding agent, preferably silane, or a mixture of silane and solvent supplied. Accordingly, impurities are removed from the surface to be processed without time delays and at the same time the adhesion-promoting substance is applied to the surface.
  • the feed line is preferably connected to a metering pump for the substance.
  • the metering pump with respect to their volume and / or pressure control is adjustable.
  • a controllable handling device is required for the automated guidance of the nozzle.
  • an air nozzle is provided in an embodiment whose effective direction corresponds to the discharge of the nozzle.
  • the air nozzle may be coupled to the nozzle or its nozzle body and be tracked with the same handling device of the nozzle, so that first cleaning and simultaneous application of the adhesion-promoting substance and the subsequent drying of the surface takes place.
  • the air nozzle is preferably in communication with a hot air generator. Furthermore, the warm air promotes the connection and networking of the substance on the surface.
  • a plurality of nozzles and air nozzles are provided for the simultaneous machining of a surface of a workpiece.
  • the plurality of nozzles or air nozzles can be performed with a common or multiple handling devices computer controlled over the surface to be processed.
  • the invention enables the environmentally friendly cleaning and application of adhesion-promoting substances on component surfaces in one process step.
  • the process can easily be used automated and allows the damage-free processing of a wide range of materials. Due to the small size of the carbon dioxide snow particles, it is possible to clean finely structured surfaces or even small pores and to provide them with the substance used.
  • any number of nozzles can be integrated. Depending on the process, the nozzles can be controlled either together or separately, so that a local treatment with different substances, or substances with different degrees of concentration for different applications in one process step.
  • This invention is applicable in connection with various available types of carbon dioxide snow blasting machines.
  • the carbon dioxide is available almost everywhere in the appropriate quality.
  • An automated application enables the achievement of short cycle times.
  • one or more metering systems for the supply of the substances used possibly a hot air generator, and a system control for automated application is required.
  • a supply of carbon dioxide in liquid or solid form, a compressed air supply and the provision of the adhesion-promoting substance are necessary for the operation.
  • the carbon dioxide used is a recycled product and is not additionally generated, so that this blasting process can be classified as environmentally friendly depending on the used substance used.
  • the operating costs are low. After the treatment, the surface is dry, so that further treatment steps are eliminated and the workpiece can be further processed immediately.
  • the device comprises a supply of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, which is connected via a line 1 to a nozzle body 3 of a nozzle 4.
  • the nozzle body 3 has, in addition to an inlet for liquid carbon dioxide, an inlet for compressed air 2 and a feed line 7 which is in flow connection with a container for an adhesion-promoting substance.
  • an agglomeration chamber 5 is formed in the nozzle body 3.
  • the nozzle body 3 is provided with an access 7, which via a supply line with a container 8 for an adhesion-promoting substance is in flow communication.
  • a metering pump 12 is arranged between the supply line 7 and the container 8 having the substance.
  • the nozzle 4 may be assigned to dry the machined surface 9 a coupled to a hot air generator 10 air nozzle 11, as indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the substance is admixed with the carbon dioxide in the agglomeration chamber 5 and fluidized by the compressed air in the jet to a mixture of carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance.
  • the mixture is accelerated by the compressed air flow in the direction of the surface to be processed 9 and the carbon dioxide snow particles clean when impinging on the surface 9 of the same of impurities and on the cleaned surface 9 adheres to the adhesion-promoting substance, with excess or not on the surface 9th adhering substance is removed by the cleaning effect of the carbon dioxide snow particles again.
  • the blasting method the application of thin layers of the substance on the surface 9 is possible.

Abstract

Bei einem Strahlverfahren unter Verwendung von aus einer Düse (4) ausgetragenen Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln zur Reinigung einer Oberfläche (9), werden Kohlendioxid in flüssigem Zustand in eine der Düse (4) vorgeordnete Agglomerationskammer (5) geleitet und die durch Entspannung entstehenden Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel durch einen Strahl aus überschneller Druckluft gebündelt und in Richtung der zu behandelnden Oberfläche (9) beschleunigt. Der überschnellen Druckluft wird vor dem Einströmen in die Agglomerationskammer (5) eine haftvermittelnde Substanz zugeführt, die mit den Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche (9) aufgetragen wird.In a blasting process using carbon dioxide snow particles discharged from a nozzle (4) to clean a surface (9), carbon dioxide in a liquid state is passed into an agglomeration chamber (5) upstream of the nozzle (4) and the carbon dioxide snow particles formed by relaxation bundled by a jet of super-fast compressed air and accelerated in the direction of the surface to be treated (9). The super-fast compressed air is supplied before flowing into the agglomeration chamber (5) an adhesion-promoting substance which is applied with the carbon dioxide snow particles on the surface to be treated (9).

Description

Die Reinigung und Applikation von haftvermittelnden Substanzen ist für das Kleben und Beschichten von Bauteilen von großer Bedeutung. Das Entfernen störender Oberflächenschichten und/oder Kontaminationen und der Einsatz von Haftvermittlern tragen wesentlich zur Verbesserung der Langzeitbeständigkeit von Klebungen und Beschichtungen unter schädigenden Umwelteinwirkungen bei.The cleaning and application of adhesion-promoting substances is of great importance for the bonding and coating of components. The removal of interfering surface layers and / or contaminations and the use of adhesion promoters contribute significantly to the improvement of the long-term stability of bonds and coatings under damaging environmental effects.

Bekannte Verfahren zur sequentiellen Reinigung und Applikation von Haftvermittlern erfordern komplexe mehrstufige Prozesse, die sich nur mit einem erheblichen Aufwand automatisieren lassen.Known methods for the sequential cleaning and application of adhesion promoters require complex multi-stage processes that can be automated only with considerable effort.

Bekannte Verfahren zur Reinigung und/oder Aktivierung von Bauteiloberflächen sind beispielsweise das Schleifen [ EP 1239017 B1 ] oder Druckluftstrahlen [ DE3802043 C1 ], chemisches Ätzen (Beizen) [ DE3427543A1 ], chemische Konversionsverfahren [ US 3907609 , DE19654642C2 ], elektrochemische Konversionsverfahren (z.B. Anodisieren) [ US 4473446 ] und/oder das Aufbringen von haftvermittelnden und haftungsverbessernden Beschichtungen [ WO/1997/005077 , WO 2000039356 A1 ]. Die Patentschriften US 5814137 und US 6037060 betreffen Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren zum Erzeugen von Sol-Gel-Filmen, die mittels kovalenten Bindungen an den Oberflächen haften und zum Erzeugen langlebiger Klebverbindung zwischen Metallen und organischen Klebstoffen eingesetzt werden können. In DE 3802043 C1 wird ein Verfahren zum Strahlen von Metalloberflächen beschrieben, bei dem ein mit siliziumhaltigen Verbindungen modifiziertes Strahlmittel in Kombination mit einer anschließenden Applikation von silanbasierten Haftvermittlern eingesetzt wird.Known methods for cleaning and / or activating component surfaces are, for example, grinding [ EP 1239017 B1 ] or compressed air blasting [ DE3802043 C1 ], chemical etching (pickling) [ DE3427543A1 ], chemical conversion methods [ US 3907609 . DE19654642C2 ], electrochemical conversion processes (eg anodizing) [ US 4473446 ] and / or the application of adhesion-promoting and adhesion-improving coatings [ WO / 1997/005077 . WO 2000039356 A1 ]. The patents US 5814137 and US 6037060 relate to surface treatment methods for producing sol-gel films which adhere to the surfaces by means of covalent bonds and can be used to produce long-lasting adhesive bonds between metals and organic adhesives. In DE 3802043 C1 describes a method for blasting metal surfaces, in which a blasting agent modified with silicon-containing compounds is used in combination with a subsequent application of silane-based adhesion promoters.

Aus US 3364056 ist die Zumischung von Halogenverbindungen zum Brenngas für die Beflammung von Polyolefinoberflächen bekannt. Die DE 102006045951 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren zur chemischen Modifizierung und/oder Aktivierung von Bauteiloberflächen, bei welchem unter Verwendung von mindestens einem Trägermedium, das der Energiezufuhr in die Oberfläche hinein dient und der Oberfläche eine oder mehrere halogenhaltige Verbindungen zuführt, die Zuführung der halogenhaltigen Verbindungen unter gleichzeitigem Zusatz von siliziumorganischen Verbindungen oder Silanen oder metallorganischen Verbindungen oder Siliziumhybriden oder Metallhybriden in das Trägermedium erfolgt. Physikalische Verfahren zur Oberflächenmodifikation durch siliziumhaltige Verbindungen finden sich beispielsweise in den Erfindungen zur Erzeugung von Plasmapolymer-Oberflächenschichten als haftvermittelnde Schichten oder zum Korrosionsschutz [ WO1997001656 A1 , EP 0617143A1 , US 4981713 , JP 5-295563 (A ), US 5230929 ]Out US 3364056 is the admixture of halogen compounds to the fuel gas for the flame treatment of Polyolefinoberflächen known. The DE 102006045951 A1 relates to a process for the chemical modification and / or activation of component surfaces, in which the supply of the halogen-containing compounds with simultaneous addition of organosilicon compounds is carried out by using at least one carrier medium which serves to supply energy to the surface and feeds the surface to one or more halogen-containing compounds Compounds or silanes or organometallic compounds or silicon hybrids or metal hybrids in the carrier medium takes place. Physical methods for surface modification by silicon-containing Compounds are found, for example, in the inventions for the production of plasma polymer surface layers as adhesion-promoting layers or for corrosion protection [ WO1997001656 A1 . EP 0617143A1 . US 4981713 . JP 5-295563 (A ) US 5230929 ]

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Strahlen mit Kohlendioxidschneepartikeln zeigen gute Reinigungswirkungen. In EP 2 151 300 B1 , WO 03/022525 A1 und WO 2004/033154 A1 ist beschrieben, wie sich die Strahlleistung durch Zugabe von abrasiven Substanzen, Additiven und Flüssigkeiten erhöhen lässt, die Kombination mit haftvermittelnden Substanzen ist dort jedoch nicht beschrieben. Die EP 2 008 770 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Formen zur Kunststoffformgebung, bei welchem Trockeneis zusammen mit einem Trennmittel auf eine zu reinigende Oberfläche gestrahlt wird. Das Trockeneis wird mittels Pressluft durch eine Pressluftleitung gefördert, die einen Düsenring aufweist. Durch die Düsen des Düsenrings wird das Trennmittel dem Strom aus Pressluft und Trockeneis zugeführt. In alternativen Ausgestaltungen wird das Trennmittel entweder in das Trockeneis integriert und/oder am Trockeneis angelagert oder mit dem flüssigen Kohlendioxid oder mit festem Trockeneis gemischt und dann zur Oberflächenbehandlung eingesetzt. Der Beschreibung dieser Verfahren ist jedoch nicht zu entnehmen, ob das Trennmittel der Pressluft bereits vor dem Vermischen mit flüssigem oder festem Kohlendioxid zugeführt wird. Durch diese Verfahren soll die Festkörperoberfläche mit einer Trennschicht versehen werden. Es wird keine haftvermittelnde Wirkung zum Kleben oder Beschichten angestrebt.Methods and apparatus for blasting with carbon dioxide snow particles show good cleaning effects. In EP 2 151 300 B1 . WO 03/022525 A1 and WO 2004/033154 A1 describes how the jet power can be increased by adding abrasive substances, additives and liquids, but the combination with adhesion-promoting substances is not described there. The EP 2 008 770 A1 describes a process for cleaning molds for plastic molding in which dry ice is blasted onto a surface to be cleaned together with a release agent. The dry ice is conveyed by means of compressed air through a compressed air line, which has a nozzle ring. Through the nozzles of the nozzle ring, the release agent is supplied to the stream of compressed air and dry ice. In alternative embodiments, the release agent is either integrated into the dry ice and / or attached to the dry ice or mixed with the liquid carbon dioxide or with solid dry ice and then used for surface treatment. However, it can not be inferred from the description of these methods whether the release agent is already supplied to the compressed air before mixing with liquid or solid carbon dioxide. By these methods, the solid surface should be provided with a release layer. No adhesion-promoting effect for bonding or coating is sought.

Die Erfindung betrifft daher ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Reinigung und Aktivierung von Bauteiloberflächen durch eine Kombination aus Kohlendioxidschneestrahlen und dem Auftrag von haftvermittelnden Substanzen. Die Oberfläche eines Bauteils wird dadurch für nachfolgende technische Anwendungen, insbesondere dem Kleben oder Beschichten, vorbehandelt und die Langzeitbeständigkeit von Klebungen und Beschichtungen unter schädigenden Umwelteinwirkungen wird dadurch verbessert.The invention therefore relates to a method for the simultaneous cleaning and activation of component surfaces by a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesion-promoting substances. The surface of a component is thereby pretreated for subsequent technical applications, in particular gluing or coating, and the long-term stability of bonds and coatings under damaging environmental influences is thereby improved.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.According to the invention the object is solved by the features of the independent claims.

Die Unteransprüche stellen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung dar.The subclaims represent advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Die Erfindung beruht darauf, dass eine haftvermittelnde Substanz durch den Kohlendioxidschneestrahl-Prozess auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wird. Bei einer Reinigung mit aus einer Düse ausgetragenen Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln, wird Kohlendioxid in flüssigem Zustand in eine der Düse vorgeordneten Agglomerationskammer geleitet und durch die Entspannung in der Kammer entstehen Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel. Diese Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel werden durch einen Strahl aus überschneller Druckluft gebündelt und in Richtung der zu behandelnden Oberfläche beschleunigt. Der überschnellen Druckluft wird vor dem Einströmen in die Agglomerationskammer eine haftvermittelnde Substanz zugeführt, die mit den Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche aufgetragen wird.The invention is based on the fact that an adhesion-promoting substance is applied to the surface by the carbon dioxide snow blasting process. When cleaning with discharged from a nozzle carbon dioxide snow particles, carbon dioxide is passed in the liquid state in an agglomeration chamber upstream of the nozzle and by the relaxation in the chamber formed carbon dioxide snow particles. These carbon dioxide snow particles are bundled by a jet of super-fast compressed air and accelerated in the direction of the surface to be treated. The super-fast compressed air is supplied before flowing into the agglomeration chamber an adhesion-promoting substance, which is applied with the carbon dioxide snow particles on the surface to be treated.

Die im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzte haftvermittelnde Substanz weist insbesondere adhäsionsfördernde, korrosionsschützende oder hydrophobisierende Eigenschaften auf und kann auf nachfolgende Kleb- oder Beschichtungsvorgänge abgestimmt sein. Solche Substanzen, die in dünnen Schichten auftragbar sind, sind dem Fachmann in dem Gebiet der Oberflächenvorbehandlung geläufig und er wählt in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Anforderungen an die haftvermittelnde Wirkung, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung nachfolgender Weiterverarbeitungsvorgänge, eine geeignete Substanz aus, bzw. mischt diese aus vorhandenen Bestandteilen neu.The adhesion-promoting substance used in the context of the invention has, in particular, adhesion-promoting, anti-corrosive or hydrophobizing properties and can be adapted to subsequent adhesive or coating processes. Such substances which can be applied in thin layers are familiar to the person skilled in the field of surface pretreatment and, depending on the respective requirements for the adhesion-promoting effect, in particular taking into account subsequent further processing operations, selects or mixes a suitable substance from existing ones New components.

Die haftvermittelnde Substanz wird dem Strom aus Druckluft zugeführt und in diesem Strahl verwirbelt. Das aus den Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln und der Substanz erzeugte Mehrstoffgemisch wird durch die Druckluftströmung in der Düse beschleunigt und die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel reinigen beim Auftreffen auf der Oberfläche eines Bauteils dieses von Verunreinigungen in bekannter Art und Weise. Da die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel unter Atmosphärendruck unmittelbar vom festen Aggregatszustand in den gasförmigen übergehen, bleibt auf der gestrahlten bzw. gereinigten Oberfläche nur die haftvermittelnde Substanz zurück. Beim Auftreffen des Gemisches entsteht ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Reinigen der Oberfläche und dem Aufbringen der verwendeten Substanz. Überschüssige bzw. nicht an der Oberfläche anhaftende Substanz wird durch den Reinigungseffekt der Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel wieder abgetragen, so dass das Auftragen von dünnen Schichten (im Nanometerbereich) der Substanz möglich ist.The adhesion-promoting substance is supplied to the stream of compressed air and swirled in this jet. The multi-substance mixture produced from the carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance is accelerated by the compressed air flow in the nozzle and the carbon dioxide snow particles clean when impinging on the surface of a component of this contaminants in a known manner. Since the carbon dioxide snow particles change directly from the solid state of aggregation to the gaseous state under atmospheric pressure, only the adhesion-promoting substance remains on the blasted or cleaned surface. Upon impact of the mixture creates a balance between the cleaning of the surface and the application of the substance used. Excess or not adhering to the surface substance is due to the cleaning effect of the carbon dioxide snow particles removed again, so that the application of thin layers (in the nanometer range) of the substance is possible.

Das flüssige Kohlendioxid wird dem Druckluftstrom und der oberflächenaktivierenden bzw. funktionalisierenden Substanz in einem Entspannungsraum, der so genannten Agglomerationskammer, zu dosiert. Diese Gestaltung des Verfahrens ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Verteilung aus Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln und der Substanz, da es durch die Verwirbelung in der Agglomerationskammer zu einer Vermischung der Medien zu einem Mehrstoffgemisch kommt. Das Zuführen der Substanz in den Druckluftstrom vermeidet ein Zufrieren der Förderleitung des flüssigen Kohlendioxids. Die Verwendung von flüssigem Kohlendioxid ist insofern vorteilhaft, als die aufwendige Lagerung von Trockeneis entfällt und die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel unmittelbar während des Strahlverfahrens erzeugt werden.The liquid carbon dioxide is metered into the compressed air stream and the surface-activating or functionalizing substance in a relaxation space, the so-called agglomeration chamber. This design of the method allows a uniform distribution of carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance, since it comes through the turbulence in the agglomeration chamber to a mixing of the media to a multi-substance mixture. The feeding of the substance into the compressed air stream avoids a freezing of the delivery line of the liquid carbon dioxide. The use of liquid carbon dioxide is advantageous in that the costly storage of dry ice is eliminated and the carbon dioxide snow particles are generated directly during the blasting process.

Aufgrund der Temperatur der Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel von -78,5° C kommt es nach dem Strahlen auf der Oberfläche zu einer geringen Bildung von Kondenswasser. Dieses Kondenswasser kann in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten haftvermittelnden Substanz unterstützend zur Anbindung und Quervernetzung der Substanz an der Oberfläche beitragen. Diese positive Wirkung ist insbesondere bei der Verarbeitung von Silanen zu beobachten.Due to the temperature of the carbon dioxide snow particles of -78.5 ° C, there is little formation of condensation after blasting on the surface. Depending on the adhesion-promoting substance used, this condensation water can contribute to the binding and cross-linking of the substance to the surface. This positive effect is particularly noticeable in the processing of silanes.

Um die Förderwege relativ kurz zu halten, wird die Substanz der Druckluft unmittelbar vor dem Eintritt in die Düse zugeführt. Ein die Substanz bevorratender Behälter kann beispielsweise in unmittelbarer Nähe der Düse bzw. der Vorrichtung zum Stahlen aufgestellt werden, weshalb transportbedingte Schädigungen der Substanz vermieden werden können und auch die Energie zum Fördern der Substanz relativ gering ist.In order to keep the conveying paths relatively short, the substance is supplied to the compressed air immediately before entering the nozzle. A container stockpiling the substance can, for example, in the immediate Are placed near the nozzle or the device for steeling, which is why transport-related damage to the substance can be avoided and the energy to convey the substance is relatively low.

Zur Regelung der Menge der zugeführten Substanz wird vorzugsweise die Substanz unter Verwendung einer Dosierpumpe der Druckluft zugeführt. Die Zuführung der Substanz kann in einem konstanten Volumenstrom oder unter konstantem Druck erfolgen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Druckluft als Substanz ein Haftvermittler oder ein Gemisch aus Haftvermittler und Lösungsmittel zugeführt.To control the amount of the added substance, the substance is preferably supplied to the compressed air using a metering pump. The supply of the substance can be carried out in a constant volume flow or under constant pressure. Conveniently, the compressed air is supplied as a substance, an adhesion promoter or a mixture of adhesion promoter and solvent.

Nach einer Weiterbildung wird der Düse eine Luftdüse nachgeführt. Vorzugsweise wird aus der Luftdüse ein Warmluftstrom ausgetragen. Der lokal auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks einwirkende Warmluftstrom fördert die Anbindung der Substanz an der Oberfläche, die nach der Behandlung trocken ist und einer weiteren Verarbeitung unterzogen werden kann.According to a development, the nozzle is followed by an air nozzle. Preferably, a hot air stream is discharged from the air nozzle. The locally acting on the surface of the workpiece warm air flow promotes the attachment of the substance to the surface, which is dry after the treatment and can be subjected to further processing.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des zuvor erläuterten Strahlverfahrens umfasst einen Vorrat für flüssiges Kohlendioxid, der über eine Leitung mit mindestens einer Agglomerationskammer eines Düsenkörpers einer Düse verbunden. Der Agglomerationskammer des Düsenkörpers ist ein Zugang vorgeschaltet welcher über eine Zuleitung mit Druckluft und einem Behälter für eine oberflächenaktivierende und/oder oberflächenfunktionalisierende Substanz in Strömungsverbindung steht.An apparatus for carrying out the above-described blasting method comprises a supply of liquid carbon dioxide, which is connected via a line with at least one agglomeration chamber of a nozzle body of a nozzle. The agglomeration chamber of the nozzle body is preceded by an access which is connected via a supply line with compressed air and a container for a surface-activating and / or Oberflächenfunktionalisierende substance in flow communication.

In der Agglomerationskammer können sich die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel bilden und mit der in den Strom aus Druckluft eingeleiteten Substanz vermischen, um gemeinsam durch die Düse auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche aufgetragen zu werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird dem Strahl aus überschneller Druckluft als Substanz beispielsweise ein Haftvermittler, vorzugsweise Silan, oder ein Gemisch aus Silan und Lösungsmittel zugeführt. Dementsprechend werden ohne zeitliche Verzögerungen Verunreinigungen von der zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche entfernt und gleichzeitig die haftvermittelnde Substanz auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht.In the agglomeration chamber, the carbon dioxide snow particles may form and mix with the substance introduced into the stream of compressed air to be applied together through the nozzle to the surface to be processed. Conveniently, the jet of super-fast compressed air as the substance, for example, a bonding agent, preferably silane, or a mixture of silane and solvent supplied. Accordingly, impurities are removed from the surface to be processed without time delays and at the same time the adhesion-promoting substance is applied to the surface.

Um eine definierte Menge der Substanz in den Düsenkörper zu befördern, ist bevorzugt die Zuleitung mit einer Dosierpumpe für die Substanz verbunden. Selbstverständlich ist die Dosierpumpe bezüglich ihrer Mengen- und/oder Druckregelung einstellbar.In order to convey a defined amount of the substance into the nozzle body, the feed line is preferably connected to a metering pump for the substance. Of course, the metering pump with respect to their volume and / or pressure control is adjustable.

Für die automatisierte Führung der Düse ist beispielsweise ein steuerbares Handhabungsgerät erforderlich.For example, a controllable handling device is required for the automated guidance of the nozzle.

Damit eine Trocknung der gestrahlten und mit der haftvermittelnden Substanz versehenen Oberfläche in einem Arbeitsgang mit dem Strahlverfahren zu realisieren ist, ist in Ausgestaltung eine Luftdüse vorgesehen, deren Wirkrichtung der Austragsrichtung der Düse entspricht. Die Luftdüse kann mit der Düse bzw. deren Düsenkörper gekoppelt sein und mit dem selben Handhabungsgerät der Düse nachgeführt werden, so dass zunächst die Reinigung und gleichzeitige Applikation der haftvermittelnden Substanz und die anschließende Trocknung der Oberfläche erfolgt.Thus, a drying of the blasted and provided with the adhesion-promoting substance surface is to be realized in a single operation with the blasting method, an air nozzle is provided in an embodiment whose effective direction corresponds to the discharge of the nozzle. The air nozzle may be coupled to the nozzle or its nozzle body and be tracked with the same handling device of the nozzle, so that first cleaning and simultaneous application of the adhesion-promoting substance and the subsequent drying of the surface takes place.

Da sich Warmluft günstig auf die Trocknung der Oberfläche auswirkt und diese beschleunigt, steht vorzugsweise die Luftdüse mit einem Heißlufterzeuger in Verbindung. Im Weiteren fördert die warme Luft die Anbindung und Vernetzung der Substanz an der Oberfläche.Since warm air has a favorable effect on the drying of the surface and accelerates it, the air nozzle is preferably in communication with a hot air generator. Furthermore, the warm air promotes the connection and networking of the substance on the surface.

Um relativ große Oberflächen gezielt zu bearbeiten, sind in Ausgestaltung mehrere Düsen und Luftdüsen zur gleichzeitigen Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Werkstücks vorgesehen. Die Vielzahl von Düsen bzw. Luftdüsen kann mit einem gemeinsamen oder mit mehreren Handhabungsgeräten rechnergesteuert über die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche geführt werden.In order to specifically process relatively large surfaces, a plurality of nozzles and air nozzles are provided for the simultaneous machining of a surface of a workpiece. The plurality of nozzles or air nozzles can be performed with a common or multiple handling devices computer controlled over the surface to be processed.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht in einem Prozessschritt die umweltfreundliche Reinigung und Applikation von haftvermittelnden Substanzen auf Bauteiloberflächen. Das Verfahren kann leicht automatisiert eingesetzt werden und ermöglicht die beschädigungsfreie Bearbeitung eines großen Werkstoffspektrums. Durch die geringe Größe der Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel ist es möglich, fein strukturierte Oberflächen oder auch kleine Poren zu reinigen und mit der verwendeten Substanz zu versehen. In einer automatisierten Anlage können beliebig viele Düsen integriert werden. Abhängig von der Prozessführung können die Düsen entweder zusammen oder getrennt voneinander angesteuert werden, so dass sich eine lokale Behandlung mit verschiedenen Substanzen, oder auch Substanzen mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationsgraden für verschiedene Anwendungsfälle in einem Prozessschritt realisieren lässt.The invention enables the environmentally friendly cleaning and application of adhesion-promoting substances on component surfaces in one process step. The process can easily be used automated and allows the damage-free processing of a wide range of materials. Due to the small size of the carbon dioxide snow particles, it is possible to clean finely structured surfaces or even small pores and to provide them with the substance used. In an automated system any number of nozzles can be integrated. Depending on the process, the nozzles can be controlled either together or separately, so that a local treatment with different substances, or substances with different degrees of concentration for different applications in one process step.

Diese Erfindung ist im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen zur Verfügung stehenden Bauarten von Kohlendioxidschnee-Strahlanlagen anwendbar. Das Kohlendioxid ist nahezu überall in entsprechender Qualität verfügbar. Eine automatisierte Anwendung ermöglicht die Erzielung kurzer Taktzeiten.This invention is applicable in connection with various available types of carbon dioxide snow blasting machines. The carbon dioxide is available almost everywhere in the appropriate quality. An automated application enables the achievement of short cycle times.

Im Weiteren sind neben der Kohlendioxidschnee-Strahlanlage, ein oder mehrere Dosiersysteme für die Zuführung der verwendeten Substanzen, eventuell ein Heißlufterzeuger, sowie eine Anlagensteuerung zur automatisierten Anwendung erforderlich. Selbstverständlich sind für den Betrieb eine Versorgung mit Kohlendioxid in flüssiger oder fester Form, eine Druckluftversorgung sowie die Bereitstellung der haftvermittelnden Substanz notwendig. Das eingesetzte Kohlendioxid ist ein Recyclingprodukt und wird nicht zusätzlich erzeugt, so dass sich dieses Strahlverfahren in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten zugeführten Substanz als umweltfreundlich einstufen lässt. Durch die Verwendung von Kohlendioxid, Druckluft und handelsüblichen haftvermittelnden Substanzen sind die Betriebskosten gering. Nach der Behandlung ist die Oberfläche trocken, so dass weitere Behandlungsschritte entfallen und das Werkstück unmittelbar weiter verarbeitet werden kann.Furthermore, in addition to the carbon dioxide snow blasting system, one or more metering systems for the supply of the substances used, possibly a hot air generator, and a system control for automated application is required. Of course, a supply of carbon dioxide in liquid or solid form, a compressed air supply and the provision of the adhesion-promoting substance are necessary for the operation. The carbon dioxide used is a recycled product and is not additionally generated, so that this blasting process can be classified as environmentally friendly depending on the used substance used. Through the use of carbon dioxide, compressed air and commercially available adhesion-promoting substances, the operating costs are low. After the treatment, the surface is dry, so that further treatment steps are eliminated and the workpiece can be further processed immediately.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen verwendbar sind. Der Rahmen der Erfindung ist nur durch die Ansprüche definiert.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations are. The scope of the invention is defined only by the claims.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörige Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Teildarstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Teildarstellung der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1..
It shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic partial view of an apparatus for performing a method according to the invention and
Fig. 2
a schematic partial view of the device according to Fig. 1 ..

Die Vorrichtung umfasst einen Vorrat für Kohlendioxid in flüssiger Phase, welcher über eine Leitung 1 mit einem Düsenkörper 3 einer Düse 4 verbunden ist. Der Düsenkörper 3 weist neben einem Eingang für flüssiges Kohlendioxid ein Einlass für Druckluft 2 und einer Zuleitung 7, die mit einem Behälter für eine haftvermittelnde Substanz in Strömungsverbindung steht, auf.The device comprises a supply of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, which is connected via a line 1 to a nozzle body 3 of a nozzle 4. The nozzle body 3 has, in addition to an inlet for liquid carbon dioxide, an inlet for compressed air 2 and a feed line 7 which is in flow connection with a container for an adhesion-promoting substance.

In dem Düsenkörper 3 ist eine Agglomerationskammer 5 ausgebildet. Der Düsenkörper 3 ist mit einem Zugang 7 versehen, der über eine Zuleitung mit einem Behälter 8 für eine haftvermittelnde Substanz in Strömungsverbindung steht. An dem Zugang 2 liegt auch die Verbindungsleitung für die Druckluft an, die gemeinsam mit der Substanz und dem in der Agglomerationskammer 5 zu Kohlendioxidschnee entspannten Kohlendioxid die Düse 4 in Richtung einer zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche 9 strömt. Um während des Strahlverfahrens eine bestimmte Menge der Substanz geregelt in den Prozess einzuführen, ist zwischen der Zuleitung 7 und dem die Substanz aufweisenden Behälter 8 eine Dosierpumpe 12 angeordnet.In the nozzle body 3, an agglomeration chamber 5 is formed. The nozzle body 3 is provided with an access 7, which via a supply line with a container 8 for an adhesion-promoting substance is in flow communication. At the access 2 is also the connecting line for the compressed air, which flows together with the substance and the relaxed in the agglomeration chamber 5 to carbon dioxide snow carbon dioxide, the nozzle 4 in the direction of a surface to be machined 9. In order to introduce a certain amount of the substance regulated in the process during the blasting process, a metering pump 12 is arranged between the supply line 7 and the container 8 having the substance.

Der Düse 4 kann zur Trocknung der bearbeiteten Oberfläche 9 eine mit einem Heißlufterzeuger 10 gekoppelte Luftdüse 11 zugeordnet sein, wie durch die gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist.The nozzle 4 may be assigned to dry the machined surface 9 a coupled to a hot air generator 10 air nozzle 11, as indicated by the dashed lines.

Die Substanz wird dem Kohlendioxid in der Agglomerationskammer 5 beigemischt und durch die Druckluft in dem Strahl zu einem Gemisch aus Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln und der Substanz verwirbelt. Das Gemisch wird durch die Druckluftströmung in Richtung der zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche 9 beschleunigt und die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel reinigen beim Auftreffen auf der Oberfläche 9 dieselbe von Verunreinigungen und auf der gereinigten Oberfläche 9 haftet die haftvermittelnde Substanz an, wobei überschüssige bzw. nicht an der Oberfläche 9 anhaftende Substanz durch die reinigende Wirkung der Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel wieder abgetragen wird. Durch das Strahlverfahren ist das Auftragen von dünnen Schichten der Substanz auf der Oberfläche 9 möglich.The substance is admixed with the carbon dioxide in the agglomeration chamber 5 and fluidized by the compressed air in the jet to a mixture of carbon dioxide snow particles and the substance. The mixture is accelerated by the compressed air flow in the direction of the surface to be processed 9 and the carbon dioxide snow particles clean when impinging on the surface 9 of the same of impurities and on the cleaned surface 9 adheres to the adhesion-promoting substance, with excess or not on the surface 9th adhering substance is removed by the cleaning effect of the carbon dioxide snow particles again. By the blasting method, the application of thin layers of the substance on the surface 9 is possible.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

1.1.
Flüssig-CO2 VerbindungleistungLiquid CO 2 compound performance
2.Second
Überschnelle Druckluft VerbindungsleitungOver-speed compressed air connection line
3.Third
Düsenkörpernozzle body
4.4th
Düsejet
5.5th
Agglomerationskammeragglomeration chamber
6.6th
ZugangAccess
7.7th
Zuleitungsupply
8.8th.
Behältercontainer
9.9th
Oberflächesurface
10.10th
HeißlufterzeugerHot air generators
11.11th
Luftdüseair nozzle
12.12th
Dosierpumpemetering

Claims (11)

Strahlverfahren unter Verwendung von aus einer Düse (4) ausgetragenen Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln zur Reinigung einer Oberfläche (9), wobei Kohlendioxid in flüssigem Zustand in eine der Düse (4) vorgeordnete Agglomerationskammer (5) geleitet werden und die Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikel durch einen Strahl aus überschneller Druckluft gebündelt und in Richtung der zu behandelnden Oberfläche (9) beschleunigt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der überschnellen Druckluft vor dem Einströmen in die Agglomerationskammer (5) eine haftvermittelnde Substanz zugeführt und mit den Kohlendioxidschnee-Partikeln auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche (9) aufgetragen wird.A blasting method using carbon dioxide snow particles discharged from a nozzle (4) to clean a surface (9), wherein carbon dioxide in the liquid state is passed into an agglomeration chamber (5) upstream of the nozzle (4) and the carbon dioxide snow particles are passed through a jet bundled over accelerated compressed air and accelerated in the direction of the surface to be treated (9), characterized in that the super-fast compressed air supplied before flowing into the agglomeration chamber (5) an adhesion-promoting substance and with the carbon dioxide snow particles on the surface to be treated (9) is applied. Strahlverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Substanz unter Verwendung einer Dosierpumpe (12) der Druckluft zugeführt wird.Blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance is supplied to the compressed air using a metering pump (12). Strahlverfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckluft eine flüssige oder feste Substanz zugeführt wird.Blasting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compressed air is fed to a liquid or solid substance. Strahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Substanz ein Haftvermittler, insbesondere ein Silan oder ein Silan-Lösungsmittelgemisch, verwendet wird.Blasting method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a bonding agent, in particular a silane or a silane solvent mixture is used as the substance. Strahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düse (4) eine Luftdüse (11) nachgeführt wird.Blasting method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nozzle (4) an air nozzle (11) is tracked. Strahlverfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus der Luftdüse (11) ein Warmluftstrom ausgetragen wird.Blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that from the air nozzle (11) a stream of hot air is discharged. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Strahlverfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Agglomerationskammer (5) des Düsenkörper (3) einen Zugang (6) aufweist, der über eine Zuleitung (7) mit einem Behälter (8) für eine haftvermittelnde Substanz in Strömungsverbindung steht.Device for carrying out the blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the agglomeration chamber (5) of the nozzle body (3) has an access (6) which is in flow connection via a feed line (7) to a container (8) for an adhesion-promoting substance , Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitung (7) mit einer Dosierpumpe (12) für die Substanz verbunden ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the supply line (7) is connected to a metering pump (12) for the substance. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Luftdüse (11) vorgesehen ist, deren Wirkrichtung der Austragsrichtung der Düse (4) entspricht.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that an air nozzle (11) is provided, the effective direction of the discharge corresponds to the nozzle (4). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luftdüse (11) mit einem Heißlufterzeuger (10) in Verbindung steht.Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the air nozzle (11) with a hot air generator (10) is in communication. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Düsen (4) und Luftdüsen (11) zur gleichzeitigen Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche (9) eines Werkstücks vorgesehen sind.Device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of nozzles (4) and air nozzles (11) are provided for the simultaneous machining of a surface (9) of a workpiece.
EP14163007.9A 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances Not-in-force EP2926951B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163007.9A EP2926951B1 (en) 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163007.9A EP2926951B1 (en) 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2926951A1 true EP2926951A1 (en) 2015-10-07
EP2926951B1 EP2926951B1 (en) 2016-10-05

Family

ID=50434018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14163007.9A Not-in-force EP2926951B1 (en) 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2926951B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11358183B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2022-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Capture and recycling methods for non-aqueous cleaning materials

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3364056A (en) 1963-05-25 1968-01-16 Kalle Ag Flame and halogen treatment of a polyolefin to improve adhesivity
US3907609A (en) 1974-02-14 1975-09-23 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Conversion coating for titanium and titanium base alloys
US4473446A (en) 1981-05-01 1984-09-25 The Boeing Company Chromic acid-fluoride anodizing surface treatment for titanium
DE3427543A1 (en) 1983-12-01 1985-07-04 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 2800 Bremen METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF WORKPIECES FROM TITANIUM
DE3802043C1 (en) 1988-01-25 1989-07-06 Espe Stiftung & Co Produktions- Und Vertriebs Kg, 8031 Seefeld, De Process for preparing a metal surface for bonding to plastic by applying a silicon-containing layer, and use of silicon-containing material
US4981713A (en) 1990-02-14 1991-01-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Low temperature plasma technology for corrosion protection of steel
US5230929A (en) 1992-07-20 1993-07-27 Dow Corning Corporation Plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition of fluoridated cyclic siloxanes
JPH05295563A (en) 1992-04-23 1993-11-09 Kansai Shin Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Metallic material having coating film and its production
EP0617143A1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-09-28 Sollac S.A. Method and apparatus for continuous coating of metallic material
WO1997001656A1 (en) 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Behr Gmbh & Co. Plasmapolymer surface coating, coating process therefor and heat exchanger coated therewith
WO1997005077A1 (en) 1995-07-28 1997-02-13 Basf Lacke Und Farben Aktiengesellschaft Coated substrate
US5814137A (en) 1996-11-04 1998-09-29 The Boeing Company Sol for coating metals
US6037060A (en) 1996-11-04 2000-03-14 The Boeing Company Sol for bonding expoxies to aluminum or titanium alloys
WO2000039356A1 (en) 1998-12-30 2000-07-06 University Of Cincinnati Silane coatings for bonding rubber to metals
DE19654642C2 (en) 1996-12-28 2003-01-16 Chemetall Gmbh Process for treating metallic surfaces with an aqueous solution
WO2003022525A2 (en) 2001-09-11 2003-03-20 Jens Werner Kipp Blasting method and device
EP1239017B1 (en) 2001-03-05 2004-01-28 Sika Schweiz AG Method for structural bonding on painted surfaces
WO2004033154A1 (en) 2002-09-20 2004-04-22 Jens Werner Kipp Method and device for jet cleaning
DE102006045951A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Sura Instruments Gmbh Chemical modification and activation of solid surface e.g. plastics uses added organosilicon or organometallic compound, silane or metal hydride in halogen compound for e.g. flame, plasma, discharge or hot air treatment
EP2008770A1 (en) 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 Linde AG Device and process for cleaning moulds with dry ice
EP2151300B1 (en) 2008-08-08 2011-04-20 Linde AG Device and method for cleaning objects using dry snow

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3364056A (en) 1963-05-25 1968-01-16 Kalle Ag Flame and halogen treatment of a polyolefin to improve adhesivity
US3907609A (en) 1974-02-14 1975-09-23 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Conversion coating for titanium and titanium base alloys
US4473446A (en) 1981-05-01 1984-09-25 The Boeing Company Chromic acid-fluoride anodizing surface treatment for titanium
DE3427543A1 (en) 1983-12-01 1985-07-04 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 2800 Bremen METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF WORKPIECES FROM TITANIUM
DE3802043C1 (en) 1988-01-25 1989-07-06 Espe Stiftung & Co Produktions- Und Vertriebs Kg, 8031 Seefeld, De Process for preparing a metal surface for bonding to plastic by applying a silicon-containing layer, and use of silicon-containing material
US4981713A (en) 1990-02-14 1991-01-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Low temperature plasma technology for corrosion protection of steel
JPH05295563A (en) 1992-04-23 1993-11-09 Kansai Shin Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk Metallic material having coating film and its production
US5230929A (en) 1992-07-20 1993-07-27 Dow Corning Corporation Plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition of fluoridated cyclic siloxanes
EP0617143A1 (en) 1993-03-26 1994-09-28 Sollac S.A. Method and apparatus for continuous coating of metallic material
WO1997001656A1 (en) 1995-06-27 1997-01-16 Behr Gmbh & Co. Plasmapolymer surface coating, coating process therefor and heat exchanger coated therewith
WO1997005077A1 (en) 1995-07-28 1997-02-13 Basf Lacke Und Farben Aktiengesellschaft Coated substrate
US5814137A (en) 1996-11-04 1998-09-29 The Boeing Company Sol for coating metals
US6037060A (en) 1996-11-04 2000-03-14 The Boeing Company Sol for bonding expoxies to aluminum or titanium alloys
DE19654642C2 (en) 1996-12-28 2003-01-16 Chemetall Gmbh Process for treating metallic surfaces with an aqueous solution
WO2000039356A1 (en) 1998-12-30 2000-07-06 University Of Cincinnati Silane coatings for bonding rubber to metals
WO2000039177A2 (en) * 1998-12-30 2000-07-06 University Of Cincinnati Silane treatment for electrocoated metals
EP1239017B1 (en) 2001-03-05 2004-01-28 Sika Schweiz AG Method for structural bonding on painted surfaces
WO2003022525A2 (en) 2001-09-11 2003-03-20 Jens Werner Kipp Blasting method and device
WO2004033154A1 (en) 2002-09-20 2004-04-22 Jens Werner Kipp Method and device for jet cleaning
DE102006045951A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Sura Instruments Gmbh Chemical modification and activation of solid surface e.g. plastics uses added organosilicon or organometallic compound, silane or metal hydride in halogen compound for e.g. flame, plasma, discharge or hot air treatment
EP2008770A1 (en) 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 Linde AG Device and process for cleaning moulds with dry ice
EP2151300B1 (en) 2008-08-08 2011-04-20 Linde AG Device and method for cleaning objects using dry snow

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11358183B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2022-06-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Capture and recycling methods for non-aqueous cleaning materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2926951B1 (en) 2016-10-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102005005638B3 (en) Method for cleaning, activating or treating workpieces using carbon dioxide snow streams comprises adding a carbon dioxide mixture via a nozzle opening of a mixing chamber into which a central gas stream and further processing
EP1284162B1 (en) Process and apparatus for cleaning a paint supply device in a painting installation
WO2006005606A2 (en) Method for treating and sticking work pieces made of metal or a metal alloy comprising a hydrated oxide and/or hydroxide layer
EP1727623B1 (en) Water-vapor assisted lacquering method
DE102006002653B4 (en) Dry Ice Blasting
DE102009052946A1 (en) Method and device for component coating
EP2926951B1 (en) Methods for simultaneously cleaning and activating component surfaces by means of a combination of carbon dioxide snow jets and the application of adhesive substances
DE102016223244A1 (en) Method and apparatus for generative manufacturing of a three-dimensional object and three-dimensional object
EP2374587A1 (en) Method for manufacturing coating material
WO2016096218A1 (en) Method for removing surface layers by a liquid jet
DE102013220014A1 (en) Methods, systems, components and compositions for simultaneously treating a substrate and adhering or applying an adhesive thereto
WO2013139811A1 (en) Airless spray method, airless spray device, coating arrangement, and nozzle cap
DE102011087159B3 (en) Priming preparation for cold gas spraying and cold gas spraying device
EP2730624B1 (en) Method for the production of an additive and device for processing rubber or synthetic materials
DE102019102089A1 (en) ULTRASOUND APPLICATORS WITH UV LIGHT SOURCES AND METHOD FOR USE THEREOF
DE102019102088A1 (en) COMPOUND ULTRASOUND MATERIAL APPLICATORS WITH INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLABLE MICROPPLICATORS AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
DE102012204426A1 (en) Apparatus and method for spray coating an article with a hot melt adhesive
EP3578296A1 (en) Method for selectively matting a surface
DE102009025065A1 (en) Method for temporary conservation of a pre-treated surface of a workpiece, comprises pre-treating an area of workpiece surface for a planned treatment, and partially subjecting the pre-treated area to the planned treatment
DE102009050030B4 (en) Apparatus and method for handling excess paint
DE102009058211B4 (en) Method and device for cleaning, activating and pretreating a workpiece by means of carbon dioxide snow particles
DE102005020941A1 (en) Method for applying a release agent to a mold
DE102010025863A1 (en) Method for manufacturing plastic component i.e. bodywork part of automobile, involves solidifying plastic treated with isocyanate until plastic obtains rigid structure, and applying water on surface of rigid plastic
DE102009018294B4 (en) mixing device
DE102015008953A1 (en) Process for pretreating thermoplastic components for structural bonding

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20151230

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20160502

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 834197

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20161015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502014001621

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 4

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170105

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170106

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170206

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170205

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502014001621

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170105

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20170706

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20140401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161005

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20220419

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20220420

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20220429

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20220420

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20220419

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20220421

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20220419

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20220414

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502014001621

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20230501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 834197

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20230401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20230430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230501

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230430

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230430

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231103

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230430

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230401