EP2917787A2 - Clock movement having a balance and a hairspring - Google Patents

Clock movement having a balance and a hairspring

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Publication number
EP2917787A2
EP2917787A2 EP13812065.4A EP13812065A EP2917787A2 EP 2917787 A2 EP2917787 A2 EP 2917787A2 EP 13812065 A EP13812065 A EP 13812065A EP 2917787 A2 EP2917787 A2 EP 2917787A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spiral
hairspring
stiffened portion
stiffened
amplitude
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13812065.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2917787B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Bucaille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Patek Philippe SA Geneve
Original Assignee
Patek Philippe SA Geneve
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patek Philippe SA Geneve filed Critical Patek Philippe SA Geneve
Publication of EP2917787A2 publication Critical patent/EP2917787A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2917787B1 publication Critical patent/EP2917787B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a clockwork comprising a sprung-balance type oscillator and an escapement, more particularly such a movement whose isochronism is improved.
  • Isochronism is understood to mean the variations of the gait as a function of the oscillation amplitude of the balance and as a function of the position of the watch.
  • the oscillator is disturbed by the escapement, which, in particular in the case of a Swiss lever escapement, induces a delay. Indeed, during the release phase, the oscillator undergoes a resisting torque before the center line, which causes a delay. During the impulse phase, the oscillator 5 undergoes a motor torque first before the center line, which causes an advance, then after the center line, which causes a delay. Overall, the escapement thus produces a delay and this disturbance caused by the escapement is greater at small oscillation amplitudes of the pendulum than at large.
  • the present invention aims to further improve the isochronism of a watch movement and proposes for this purpose a watch movement comprising a balance-balance oscillator and an escapement cooperating with the oscillator, the outer coil of the spiral comprising a portion stiffened, characterized in that the stiffened portion is arranged to at least partially compensate for the variation of the movement of the movement as a function of the oscillation amplitude of the balance due to the exhaust, and in that the spiral further comprises at minus any of the following:
  • the stiffened portion of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a clearance, typically an advance, due to the lack of concentricity of the development of the hairspring of at least 2 s / d, or at least 4 s / d, or at least 6 s / d, or at least 8 s / d, at an amplitude of 150 ° with respect to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said variation in operation due to the exhaust.
  • the stiffened portion of the outer turn is closer to the outer end of the hairspring that a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the hairspring substantially perfectly concentric, the thickness and the extent of the portion stiffened may be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
  • the stiffened portion of the outer turn is less thick than a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric, the position and the extent of the stiffened portion can be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
  • the stiffened portion of the outer turn is less extensive than a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric, the position and the thickness of the stiffened portion can be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a spiral stiffened outer turn portion of the prior art, a ferrule associated with the spiral being shown schematically by a dotted line;
  • FIG. 2 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust;
  • FIG. 3 shows global isochronism measurement results obtained on a real movement comprising a spiral as illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a hairspring of the type of that of FIG. 1, but whose stiffened outer turn portion has been displaced;
  • FIG. 5 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 4, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust;
  • FIG. 6 shows global isochronism measurement results obtained on a real movement comprising a spiral as shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 shows a hairspring of the type of Figure 1 but the thickness of the stiffened outer turn portion has been modified
  • FIG. 8 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 7, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subjected to the action of an exhaust;
  • FIG. 10 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 9, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust;
  • FIG. 11 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion;
  • - Figure 12 shows the spiral whose isochronism curves are shown in Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 shows a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion and a small ferrule diameter constituting an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 14 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 15 shows a spiral with a stiffened external turn portion with a small ring diameter and a Grossmann inner curve constituting another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 16 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 15;
  • FIG. 17 shows a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion, with a small ferrule diameter and with a stiffened inner turn portion constituting yet another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 18 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 19 schematically shows a movement in which can be integrated a spiral as shown in Figure 13, 15 or 17.
  • FIG. 1 shows a planar hairspring of the type described in patent EP 1473604 for a pendulum-balance oscillator of a watch movement.
  • This spiral indicated by the reference numeral 1, is in the form of an Archimedean spiral and is fixed by its inner end 2 to a ferrule 3 mounted on the balance shaft and by its outer end 4 to a stud (not shown) mounted on a fixed piece of movement such as the rooster.
  • the spiral assembly 1 - ferrule 3 can be made in one piece, in a crystalline material such as silicon or diamond, by a micro-etching technique.
  • the outer coil 5 of the spiral 1 locally comprises a portion 6 of greater thickness e than the rest of the blade forming the spiral.
  • This thickness e which can be variable along the portion 6 as shown, stiffens the portion 6 and thus makes it substantially inactive 5 during the development of the hairspring.
  • the position and the extent of the stiffened portion 6 are chosen so that the center of deformation of the spiral, substantially corresponding to the center of gravity of the portion of the spiral other than the stiffened portion 6, is substantially coincident with the center of rotation O of the spiral and ferrule 3, which coincides with the geometric center of the spiral. In this way, the development of the hairspring is concentric or almost concentric.
  • the stiffened portion 6 ends before the outer end 4 of the spiral. This outer end 4, more precisely an end portion 7 of the outer turn 5 including the stiffened portion 6, is spaced radially outwardly relative to the pattern of the spiral Archimedes to ensure that the penultimate
  • the end portion 7 is in the form of a circular arc of center C.
  • the angular extent ⁇ of the stiffened portion 6 and its angular position a are defined from this center C.
  • the radius R of the shell 3, or distance between the inner end 2 of the hairspring and the center of rotation O of the hairspring, is defined as being the radius of the circle (shown in dotted lines) of center O and passing through the middle (at half the thickness e 0 ) of the inner end 2 of the spiral. In the example shown, this radius R is equal to 5 565 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 2 is an isochronism diagram obtained with the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1 by numerical simulation. More precisely, the diagram of FIG. 2 is obtained by considering the fixed outer end 4 and the shaft on which are fixed the ferrule 3 and the free balance (that is to say not mounted in bearings). by calculating by finite elements the displacement of the center of rotation of the spiral during oscillations of the balance, then interpolating and integrating the displacement curve as a function of the amplitude of oscillation. Analytical equations connecting the displacement of the center of rotation O of the spring to the step according to the amplitude of oscillation of the balance are proposed for example in the book
  • the step decreases gradually as oscillation amplitude decreases, in all positions of the watch, and there is further a difference in the path between the different vertical positions.
  • a curve was interpolated and the gapping difference between the oscillation amplitude of 150 ° and the amplitude of oscillation of 300 ° was determined. The average of the deviations of all positions
  • the present inventor has observed that the reduction of the gait due to the exhaust could, at least in part, be compensated by modifying the arrangement of the stiffened portion 6, namely for example its position a and / or its extent ⁇ and / or its thickness e, with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1, which gives the turns of the spiral a perfect or almost perfect concentricity.
  • FIG. 5 shows results of measuring the movement of a movement identical to that on which the measurements of FIG. 3 have been made, but equipped with the spiral illustrated in FIG. 4 instead of that of FIG. 1.
  • Another parameter of the stiffened portion 6 having an influence on isochronism is its thickness e.
  • a small amplitude advance is created with respect to the large oscillation amplitudes of the balance.
  • FIG. 7 shows the hairspring obtained, with its stiffened outer turn portion 5 designated by the reference numeral 6 "
  • FIG. 8 shows the isochronism curve 17 corresponding to such a hairspring.
  • Yet another parameter of the stiffened portion having an influence on isochronism is its extent ⁇ .
  • ⁇ By decreasing the span ⁇ , a small amplitude advance is created with respect to the large oscillation amplitudes of the balance beam.
  • FIG. 9 shows the hairspring obtained, with its stiffened outer turn portion denoted by the reference numeral 6 "', and FIG. 10 shows the isochronism curve 19 corresponding to such a hairspring.
  • FIG. 11 shows isochronism curves, denoted by J1 to J5, of a spiral whose external turn comprises a stiffened portion arranged to compensate for the variation in travel due to the escapement, as described above.
  • the curve J1 represents the isochronism of the spiral in the horizontal position, that is to say the variations of step due to the non concentric development of the spiral, and is obtained in the same manner as the curves of Figures 2, 5, 8 and 10.
  • the stiffened portion of the outer coil of the spiral is arranged so that the spiral produces a gait of 5.3 s / j at the amplitude of 150 ° with respect to the amplitude of 300 °.
  • the curves J2 to J5 represent the isochronism of the spiral in the four vertical positions VG, VH, VB and VD respectively, and are obtained taking into account both the non-concentric development of the spiral and the effect of the gravity, in other terms by adding up the variations of step due to the non concentric development of the spiral and the gravity.
  • To determine the variation in speed due to gravity, in a given vertical position it is possible to calculate by finite elements the displacement of the center of gravity of the hairspring under the effect of the oscillations of the hairspring (the center of rotation of the hairspring being fixed), then use analytical equations linking this displacement and the position of the balance to the gait as a function of the amplitude.
  • the operating gap between the vertical positions is 3.2 s / d at an oscillation amplitude of the balance of 250 °.
  • the spiral corresponding to the isochronism curves J1 to J5 shown in Figure 11 is shown in Figure 12. It comprises 14 turns.
  • the angular extent and the angular position of its stiffened portion 9 are respectively 60 ° and 75 °.
  • the radius R of its shell, or distance between the inner end of the hairspring and the center of rotation of said hairspring, measured in the same manner as in FIG. 1, is equal to 565 pm. It has been found that by decreasing the radius R to a value R ', the operating gap between the vertical positions was reduced.
  • the radius R ' is advantageously chosen to be less than 400 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 14 represents the isochronism curves of a spiral (shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 15 shows a hairspring whose ferrule radius R 'is equal to 300 ⁇ m and whose inner turn 10 is shaped according to a Grossmann curve.
  • FIG. 16 it can be seen that the operating gap between the vertical positions for this hairspring is only 0.6 s / d at an amplitude of oscillation of 250 °.
  • the stiffened portion 9 "of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produces a march advance due to the concentricity of the spiral development of 4.2 s / d between the amplitudes of 150 ° and 300 °, to compensate for a delay due to the escape of the same order of magnitude.
  • the hairspring of FIG. 1 the inner stiffened portion 1 having, like the outer stiffened portion 9 "', a greater thickness than the rest of the turns
  • the stiffened portion 9 "'of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a march advance due to the lack of concentricity of the hairspring development of 5.4 s / d between the amplitudes. 150 ° and 300 °, to compensate for a run delay due to the escape of the same order of magnitude.
  • a Grossmann curve or a stiffened inner turn portion with a small ferrule radius R ' is particularly advantageous, it should be noted that the Grossmann curve 10 or the stiffened inner turn portion could also be used with a ferrule of larger radius R. Alternatively, a small ferrule radius R ', a Grossmann curve and a stiffened inner turn portion could be combined. In all cases, the stiffened outer turn portion may be arranged according to any of the principles set forth in connection with Figures 4, 7 and 9 or a combination of these principles. Moreover, it goes without saying that one could apply
  • the spirals described above are each intended to be part of an oscillator of a movement-type clockwork movement illustrated in the form of a block diagram in FIG. 19.
  • the movement 12 comprises, in the traditional way, a motor member 13 such as a cylinder, a gear train 14, an escapement 15 and a display 17.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a clock movement which includes a balance and hairspring oscillator and an escapement engaging with the oscillator. The outer coil of the hairspring includes a stiffened portion (9") arranged such as to at least partially compensate for the variation in the operation of the movement in accordance with the oscillatory amplitude of the balance due to the escapement. The hairspring also includes at least one of the following features: a) a distance (R') between the inner end of the hairspring and the centre of rotation of the hairspring smaller than 400 μm, b) a Grossmann curve (10) defined by the inner coil of the hairspring, and c) a stiffened portion defined by the inner coil of the hairspring.

Description

Mouvement d'horlogerie à balancier-spiral  Clockwork movement with balance-spring
La présente invention concerne un mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur de type balancier-spiral et un échappement, plus particulièrement un tel 5 mouvement dont l'isochronisme est amélioré. Par isochronisme on entend les variations de la marche en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier et en fonction de la position de la montre. The present invention relates to a clockwork comprising a sprung-balance type oscillator and an escapement, more particularly such a movement whose isochronism is improved. Isochronism is understood to mean the variations of the gait as a function of the oscillation amplitude of the balance and as a function of the position of the watch.
Pendant les oscillations du balancier d'un oscillateur balancier-spiral traditionnel, le spiral se développe de manière excentrique en raison du fait que î o son centre de gravité n'est pas sur l'axe de l'oscillateur et se déplace. Ce développement excentrique génère des forces de rappel importantes entre les pivots de l'arbre de l'oscillateur et les paliers dans lesquels ils tournent, forces qui en outre varient en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation. Ces forces de rappel perturbent les oscillations du balancier et génèrent des variations de marche de During pendulum oscillations of a traditional balance-balance oscillator, the spiral develops eccentrically due to the fact that its center of gravity is not on the axis of the oscillator and moves. This eccentric development generates significant restoring forces between the pivots of the oscillator shaft and the bearings in which they rotate, forces which furthermore vary according to the amplitude of oscillation. These restoring forces disturb the oscillations of the balance and generate variations in the
1 5 l'oscillateur en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation. Pour remédier à ce problème, la présente demanderesse a proposé dans son brevet EP 1473604 un oscillateur balancier-spiral dont la spire extérieure du spiral comporte une portion rigidifiée agencée pour rendre le développement du spiral concentrique. The oscillator as a function of oscillation amplitude. To remedy this problem, the present applicant has proposed in its patent EP 1473604 a balance-balance oscillator whose outer coil spiral has a stiffened portion arranged to make the development of concentric spiral.
On sait cependant que la concentricité du développement d'un spiral n'est 0 pas le seul facteur qui influence l'isochronisme. Monté dans un mouvement, l'oscillateur est perturbé par l'échappement, qui, notamment dans le cas d'un échappement à ancre suisse, induit un retard de marche. En effet, pendant la phase de dégagement, l'oscillateur subit un couple résistant avant la ligne des centres, ce qui provoque un retard. Pendant la phase d'impulsion, l'oscillateur 5 subit un couple moteur d'abord avant la ligne des centres, ce qui provoque une avance, puis après la ligne des centres, ce qui provoque un retard. Globalement, l'échappement produit ainsi un retard de marche et cette perturbation causée par l'échappement est plus grande aux petites amplitudes d'oscillation du balancier qu'aux grandes. Les deux phénomènes mentionnés ci-dessus, développement excentrique du spiral et retard de marche dû à l'échappement, sont indépendants ou quasiment indépendants de la position de la montre. A ces deux phénomènes s'ajoute l'effet de la gravité, qui produit un écart de marche entre les positions horizontale et verticale de la montre, et entre ses différentes positions verticales. We know, however, that the concentricity of spiral development is not the only factor that influences isochronism. Mounted in a movement, the oscillator is disturbed by the escapement, which, in particular in the case of a Swiss lever escapement, induces a delay. Indeed, during the release phase, the oscillator undergoes a resisting torque before the center line, which causes a delay. During the impulse phase, the oscillator 5 undergoes a motor torque first before the center line, which causes an advance, then after the center line, which causes a delay. Overall, the escapement thus produces a delay and this disturbance caused by the escapement is greater at small oscillation amplitudes of the pendulum than at large. The two phenomena mentioned above, eccentric development of the hairspring and lagging due to the exhaust, are independent or almost independent of the position of the watch. To these two phenomena is added the effect of gravity, which produces a difference between the horizontal and vertical positions of the watch, and between its different vertical positions.
La présente invention vise à améliorer encore l'isochronisme d'un mouvement d'horlogerie et propose à cette fin un mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur balancier-spiral et un échappement coopérant avec l'oscillateur, la spire extérieure du spiral comprenant une portion rigidifiée, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée est agencée pour compenser au moins partiellement la variation de la marche du mouvement en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier due à l'échappement, et en ce que le spiral comprend en outre au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes :  The present invention aims to further improve the isochronism of a watch movement and proposes for this purpose a watch movement comprising a balance-balance oscillator and an escapement cooperating with the oscillator, the outer coil of the spiral comprising a portion stiffened, characterized in that the stiffened portion is arranged to at least partially compensate for the variation of the movement of the movement as a function of the oscillation amplitude of the balance due to the exhaust, and in that the spiral further comprises at minus any of the following:
a) une distance entre l'extrémité intérieure du spiral et le centre de rotation du spiral inférieure à 400 μητι, par exemple égale à environ 300 μιη, b) une courbe Grossmann définie par la spire intérieure du spiral, c) une portion rigidifiée définie par la spire intérieure du spiral. a) a distance between the inner end of the hairspring and the center of rotation of the hairspring less than 400 μητι, for example equal to about 300 μι η , b) a Grossmann curve defined by the inner turn of the hairspring, c) a stiffened portion defined by the inner coil of the spiral.
Il a été constaté avec surprise qu'en jouant sur l'agencement de la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure du spiral, par exemple sa position, son étendue ou son épaisseur, et qu'en y ajoutant l'une des caractéristiques a), b) et c) ci-dessus, l'isochronisme global du mouvement, tenant compte à la fois de la perturbation due à la non concentricité du spiral, de la perturbation due à l'échappement et de la perturbation due à la gravité, pouvait être nettement amélioré par rapport à l'oscillateur décrit dans le brevet EP 1473604.  It has been surprisingly found that by varying the arrangement of the stiffened portion of the outer turn of the hairspring, for example its position, extent, or thickness, and adding one of the features (a), b) and c) above, the global isochronism of the movement, taking into account both the disturbance due to the non-concentricity of the hairspring, the perturbation due to the escape and the disturbance due to the gravity, could significantly improved compared to the oscillator described in EP 1473604.
Avantageusement, la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise un écart de marche, typiquement une avance de marche, dû au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral d'au moins 2 s/j, ou d'au moins 4 s/j, ou encore d'au moins 6 s/j, ou encore d'au moins 8 s/j, à une amplitude de 150° par rapport à une amplitude de 300°, compensant au moins partiellement ladite variation de marche due à l'échappement. Advantageously, the stiffened portion of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a clearance, typically an advance, due to the lack of concentricity of the development of the hairspring of at least 2 s / d, or at least 4 s / d, or at least 6 s / d, or at least 8 s / d, at an amplitude of 150 ° with respect to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said variation in operation due to the exhaust.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure est plus proche de l'extrémité extérieure du spiral qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique, l'épaisseur et l'étendue de la portion rigidifiée pouvant être sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique.  According to a first embodiment, the stiffened portion of the outer turn is closer to the outer end of the hairspring that a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the hairspring substantially perfectly concentric, the thickness and the extent of the portion stiffened may be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure est moins épaisse qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique, la position et l'étendue de la portion rigidifiée pouvant être sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique.  According to a second embodiment, the stiffened portion of the outer turn is less thick than a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric, the position and the extent of the stiffened portion can be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure est moins étendue qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique, la position et l'épaisseur de la portion rigidifiée pouvant être sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique.  According to a third embodiment, the stiffened portion of the outer turn is less extensive than a theoretical stiffened portion that would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric, the position and the thickness of the stiffened portion can be substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :  Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following detailed description given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 montre un spiral à portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée selon la technique antérieure, une virole associée à ce spiral étant montrée schématiquement par un trait pointillé ;  - Figure 1 shows a spiral stiffened outer turn portion of the prior art, a ferrule associated with the spiral being shown schematically by a dotted line;
- la figure 2 montre une courbe d'isochronisme obtenue par simulation numérique des déplacements du centre de rotation du spiral illustré à la figure 1 , l'oscillateur dont fait partie ce spiral étant considéré comme libre, c'est-à-dire non soumis à l'action d'un échappement ; la figure 3 montre des résultats de mesure d'isochronisme global obtenus sur un mouvement réel comportant un spiral tel qu'illustré à la figure 1 ; FIG. 2 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust; FIG. 3 shows global isochronism measurement results obtained on a real movement comprising a spiral as illustrated in FIG. 1;
la figure 4 montre un spiral du type de celui de la figure 1 mais dont la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée a été déplacée ; FIG. 4 shows a hairspring of the type of that of FIG. 1, but whose stiffened outer turn portion has been displaced;
la figure 5 montre une courbe d'isochronisme obtenue par simulation numérique des déplacements du centre de rotation du spiral illustré à la figure 4, l'oscillateur dont fait partie ce spiral étant considéré comme libre, c'est-à-dire non soumis à l'action d'un échappement ; FIG. 5 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 4, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust;
la figure 6 montre des résultats de mesure d'isochronisme global obtenus sur un mouvement réel comportant un spiral tel qu'illustré à la figure 4 ; FIG. 6 shows global isochronism measurement results obtained on a real movement comprising a spiral as shown in FIG. 4;
la figure 7 montre un spiral du type de celui de la figure 1 mais dont l'épaisseur de la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée a été modifiée ; la figure 8 montre une courbe d'isochronisme obtenue par simulation numérique des déplacements du centre de rotation du spiral illustré à la figure 7, l'oscillateur dont fait partie ce spiral étant considéré comme libre, c'est-à-dire non soumis à l'action d'un échappement ; Figure 7 shows a hairspring of the type of Figure 1 but the thickness of the stiffened outer turn portion has been modified; FIG. 8 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 7, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subjected to the action of an exhaust;
la figure 9 montre un spiral du type de celui de la figure 1 mais dont l'étendue angulaire de la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée a été modifiée ; Figure 9 shows a hairspring of the type of Figure 1 but the angular extent of the stiffened outer turn portion has been modified;
la figure 10 montre une courbe d'isochronisme obtenue par simulation numérique des déplacements du centre de rotation du spiral illustré à la figure 9, l'oscillateur dont fait partie ce spiral étant considéré comme libre, c'est-à-dire non soumis à l'action d'un échappement ; FIG. 10 shows an isochronism curve obtained by numerical simulation of the displacements of the center of rotation of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 9, the oscillator of which this spiral is considered to be considered as free, that is to say not subject to the action of an exhaust;
la figure 11 montre des courbes d'isochronisme correspondant à différentes positions horizontale et verticales d'un spiral à portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée ; - la figure 12 montre le spiral dont les courbes d'isochronisme sont représentées à la figure 11 ; FIG. 11 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion; - Figure 12 shows the spiral whose isochronism curves are shown in Figure 11;
- la figure 13 montre un spiral à portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée et à petit diamètre de virole constituant un exemple de réalisation de l'invention ;  FIG. 13 shows a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion and a small ferrule diameter constituting an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 14 montre des courbes d'isochronisme correspondant à différentes positions horizontale et verticales du spiral illustré à la figure 13 ;  FIG. 14 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 13;
- la figure 15 montre un spiral à portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée, à petit diamètre de virole et à courbe intérieure Grossmann constituant un autre exemple de réalisation de l'invention ;  FIG. 15 shows a spiral with a stiffened external turn portion with a small ring diameter and a Grossmann inner curve constituting another embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 16 montre des courbes d'isochronisme correspondant à différentes positions horizontale et verticales du spiral illustré à la figure 15 ;  FIG. 16 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 15;
- la figure 17 montre un spiral à portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée, à petit diamètre de virole et à portion de spire intérieure rigidifiée constituant encore un autre exemple de réalisation de l'invention ;  FIG. 17 shows a spiral with a stiffened outer turn portion, with a small ferrule diameter and with a stiffened inner turn portion constituting yet another embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 18 montre des courbes d'isochronisme correspondant à différentes positions horizontale et verticales du spiral illustré à la figure 17 ;  FIG. 18 shows isochronism curves corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 17;
- la figure 19 montre schématiquement un mouvement dans lequel peut être intégré un spiral tel qu'illustré à la figure 13, 15 ou 17.  - Figure 19 schematically shows a movement in which can be integrated a spiral as shown in Figure 13, 15 or 17.
La figure 1 montre un spiral plan du type de celui décrit dans le brevet EP 1473604, pour un oscillateur balancier-spiral d'un mouvement d'horlogerie. Ce spiral, désigné par le repère 1 , est en forme de spirale d'Archimède et est fixé par son extrémité intérieure 2 à une virole 3 montée sur l'arbre du balancier et par son extrémité extérieure 4 à un piton (non représenté) monté sur une pièce fixe du mouvement telle que le coq. L'ensemble spiral 1 - virole 3 peut être réalisé en une seule pièce, dans une matière cristalline telle que le silicium ou le diamant, par une technique de micro-gravure. La spire extérieure 5 du spiral 1 comporte localement une portion 6 de plus grande épaisseur e que le reste de la lame formant le spiral. Cette épaisseur e, qui peut être variable le long de la portion 6 comme représenté, rigidifie la portion 6 et la rend ainsi sensiblement inactive 5 pendant le développement du spiral. La position et l'étendue de la portion rigidifiée 6 sont choisies pour que le centre de déformation du spiral, correspondant sensiblement au centre de gravité de la partie du spiral autre que la portion rigidifiée 6, soit sensiblement confondu avec le centre de rotation O du spiral et de la virole 3, qui coïncide avec le centre géométrique du spiral. De la î o sorte, le développement du spiral est concentrique ou quasi concentrique. En pratique, la portion rigidifiée 6 se termine avant l'extrémité extérieure 4 du spiral. Cette extrémité extérieure 4, plus précisément une partie terminale 7 de la spire extérieure 5 incluant la portion rigidifiée 6, est écartée radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport au tracé de la spirale d'Archimède pour garantir que l'avant-dernièreFIG. 1 shows a planar hairspring of the type described in patent EP 1473604 for a pendulum-balance oscillator of a watch movement. This spiral, indicated by the reference numeral 1, is in the form of an Archimedean spiral and is fixed by its inner end 2 to a ferrule 3 mounted on the balance shaft and by its outer end 4 to a stud (not shown) mounted on a fixed piece of movement such as the rooster. The spiral assembly 1 - ferrule 3 can be made in one piece, in a crystalline material such as silicon or diamond, by a micro-etching technique. The outer coil 5 of the spiral 1 locally comprises a portion 6 of greater thickness e than the rest of the blade forming the spiral. This thickness e, which can be variable along the portion 6 as shown, stiffens the portion 6 and thus makes it substantially inactive 5 during the development of the hairspring. The position and the extent of the stiffened portion 6 are chosen so that the center of deformation of the spiral, substantially corresponding to the center of gravity of the portion of the spiral other than the stiffened portion 6, is substantially coincident with the center of rotation O of the spiral and ferrule 3, which coincides with the geometric center of the spiral. In this way, the development of the hairspring is concentric or almost concentric. In practice, the stiffened portion 6 ends before the outer end 4 of the spiral. This outer end 4, more precisely an end portion 7 of the outer turn 5 including the stiffened portion 6, is spaced radially outwardly relative to the pattern of the spiral Archimedes to ensure that the penultimate
15 spire 8 reste libre radialement, c'est-à-dire ne touche aucun élément tel que le piton, la spire extérieure ou une goupille de raquette, pendant le fonctionnement du mouvement. L'écart entre la partie terminale 7 et l'avant-dernière spire 8 doit être supérieur à celui d'un spiral traditionnel, car du fait du développement concentrique du spiral, l'avant-dernière spire 8 se déplace radialement davantage 0 vers le piton lors de l'expansion du spiral. La partie terminale 7 est en forme d'arc de cercle de centre C. L'étendue angulaire Θ de la portion rigidifiée 6 et sa position angulaire a (définie par exemple par la position angulaire du centre de la portion rigidifiée 6 par rapport à la position angulaire de l'extrémité extérieure 4) sont définies depuis ce centre C. L'épaisseur e est mesurée le long d'un rayon partant 5 de ce centre C. Dans l'exemple représenté, le spiral a 14 spires plus une portion de spire s'étendant sur 30°, les valeurs Θ et a sont respectivement égales à 85,9° et 72° et le maximum de l'épaisseur e est égal à 88,7 pm. L'épaisseur e0 de la lame formant le spiral (mesurée selon un rayon partant du centre de rotation O du spiral), à l'exception de la portion rigidifiée 6, est égale à 32,2 pm. Le rayon R de la virole 3, ou distance entre l'extrémité intérieure 2 du spiral et le centre de rotation O du spiral, est défini comme étant le rayon du cercle (montré en pointillés) de centre O et passant par le milieu (à la moitié de l'épaisseur e0) de l'extrémité intérieure 2 du spiral. Dans l'exemple représenté, ce rayon R est égal à 5 565 μηη. 15 turn 8 remains free radially, that is to say does not touch any element such as the peak, the outer turn or pin racket, during the operation of the movement. The gap between the end portion 7 and the penultimate turn 8 must be greater than that of a traditional hairspring, because due to the concentric development of the hairspring, the penultimate turn 8 moves radially further 0 towards the hairspring. piton when expanding the hairspring. The end portion 7 is in the form of a circular arc of center C. The angular extent Θ of the stiffened portion 6 and its angular position a (defined for example by the angular position of the center of the stiffened portion 6 with respect to the angular position of the outer end 4) are defined from this center C. The thickness e is measured along a radius starting 5 of this center C. In the example shown, the spiral has 14 turns plus a portion of turn 30 °, the values Θ and a are respectively equal to 85.9 ° and 72 ° and the maximum of the thickness e is equal to 88.7 μm. The thickness e 0 of the blade forming the hairspring (measured along a radius extending from the center of rotation O of the hairspring), with the exception of the stiffened portion 6, is equal to 32.2 μm. The radius R of the shell 3, or distance between the inner end 2 of the hairspring and the center of rotation O of the hairspring, is defined as being the radius of the circle (shown in dotted lines) of center O and passing through the middle (at half the thickness e 0 ) of the inner end 2 of the spiral. In the example shown, this radius R is equal to 5 565 μηη.
La figure 2 est un diagramme d'isochronisme obtenu avec le spiral illustré à la figure 1 par simulation numérique. Plus précisément, le diagramme de la figure 2 est obtenu en considérant l'extrémité extérieure 4 fixe et l'arbre sur lequel sont fixés la virole 3 et le balancier libre (c'est-à-dire non monté dans des paliers), î o en calculant par éléments finis le déplacement du centre de rotation O du spiral lors des oscillations du balancier, puis en interpolant et intégrant la courbe de déplacement en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation. Des équations analytiques reliant le déplacement du centre de rotation O du spiral à la marche en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier sont proposées par exemple dans l'ouvrage FIG. 2 is an isochronism diagram obtained with the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1 by numerical simulation. More precisely, the diagram of FIG. 2 is obtained by considering the fixed outer end 4 and the shaft on which are fixed the ferrule 3 and the free balance (that is to say not mounted in bearings). by calculating by finite elements the displacement of the center of rotation of the spiral during oscillations of the balance, then interpolating and integrating the displacement curve as a function of the amplitude of oscillation. Analytical equations connecting the displacement of the center of rotation O of the spring to the step according to the amplitude of oscillation of the balance are proposed for example in the book
15 « Traité de construction horlogère » de M. Vermot, P. Bovay, D. Prongué et S. 15 "Watchmaking Construction Treaty" by Mr. Vermot, P. Bovay, D. Prongué and S.
Dordor, édité par les Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, 2011. En abscisses du diagramme de la figure 2 est portée l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier exprimée en degrés par rapport à la position d'équilibre et en ordonnées est portée la marche en secondes par jour. Ce diagramme représente ainsi la 0 variation de marche du spiral due au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral. Cette variation de marche s'applique de la même manière dans toutes les positions de la montre. Comme on peut le voir à la figure 2, l'écart de marche entre une amplitude d'oscillation de 150° et une amplitude d'oscillation de 300° avec le spiral illustré à la figure 1 est de l'ordre de 1 s/j, ce qui est excellent. 5 Toutefois, ce diagramme ne tient pas compte des perturbations dues à l'échappement ni des perturbations dues à la gravité.  Dordor, published by the Presses polytechniques et universites romandes, 2011. On the abscissa of the diagram of the figure 2 is carried the amplitude of oscillation of the pendulum expressed in degrees with respect to the position of equilibrium and in ordinate is carried the march in seconds a day. This diagram thus represents the 0 change in the spiral operating due to the lack of concentricity of the spiral development. This variation of step applies in the same way in all the positions of the watch. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the operating gap between an oscillation amplitude of 150 ° and an amplitude of oscillation of 300 ° with the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1 is of the order of 1 s / j, which is excellent. However, this diagram does not take into account the disturbances due to the exhaust or the disturbances due to gravity.
Des mesures ont été faites sur vingt mouvements de conception identique équipés du spiral tel qu'illustré à la figure 1 et d'un échappement à ancre suisse traditionnel. Pour chaque mouvement, dans chacune de six positions différentes (VH : verticale haute, VG : verticale gauche, VB : verticale basse, VD : verticale droite, HB : horizontale basse et HH : horizontale haute), la marche du mouvement a été mesurée pendant la décharge de son ressort moteur et les mesures ont été reportées dans un graphe. A titre d'exemple, le graphe obtenu 5 pour l'un de ces mouvements est montré à la figure 3. En ordonnées est portée la marche en s/j et en abscisses l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier, qui diminue progressivement entre l'état complètement remonté et l'état dévidé du ressort moteur du mouvement en raison de la diminution de la force du ressort moteur. Comme on peut le voir, la marche diminue progressivement au fur et à mesure î o que l'amplitude d'oscillation diminue, ceci dans toutes les positions de la montre, et il existe en outre un écart de marche entre les différentes positions verticales. Pour chaque position de chaque mouvement une courbe a été interpolée et l'écart de marche entre l'amplitude d'oscillation de 150° et l'amplitude d'oscillation de 300° a été déterminée. La moyenne des écarts de marche sur toutes les positionsMeasurements were made on twenty movements of identical design equipped with the spiral as shown in Figure 1 and a traditional Swiss lever escapement. For each movement, in each of six different positions (VH: vertical high, VG: vertical left, VB: vertical low, VD: vertical right, HB: horizontal low and HH: horizontal high), the movement step was measured during the discharge of its mainspring and the measurements were have been reported in a graph. By way of example, the graph obtained for one of these movements is shown in FIG. 3. The y-axis is plotted on the y-axis and the oscillation amplitude of the pendulum, which decreases progressively between the fully raised state and the unwound state of the mainspring of the movement due to the decrease in the force of the mainspring. As can be seen, the step decreases gradually as oscillation amplitude decreases, in all positions of the watch, and there is further a difference in the path between the different vertical positions. For each position of each movement a curve was interpolated and the gapping difference between the oscillation amplitude of 150 ° and the amplitude of oscillation of 300 ° was determined. The average of the deviations of all positions
15 et tous les mouvements a été d'environ 6,7 s/j entre lesdites amplitudes. En d'autres termes, la marche à 150° a été en moyenne inférieure d'environ 6,7 s/j à la marche à 300°. Cette diminution de la marche, ou retard aux petites amplitudes par rapport aux grandes amplitudes, est essentiellement due à l'échappement. And all movements were about 6.7 s / d between said amplitudes. In other words, walking at 150 ° was on average less than about 6.7 s / d when walking at 300 °. This decrease in gait, or delay at small amplitudes compared to large amplitudes, is essentially due to the escapement.
Le présent inventeur a observé que la diminution de la marche due à 0 l'échappement pouvait, en partie au moins, être compensée en modifiant l'agencement de la portion rigidifiée 6, à savoir par exemple sa position a et/ou son étendue Θ et/ou son épaisseur e, par rapport à l'agencement de la figure 1 qui confère aux spires du spiral une concentricité parfaite ou quasi-parfaite.  The present inventor has observed that the reduction of the gait due to the exhaust could, at least in part, be compensated by modifying the arrangement of the stiffened portion 6, namely for example its position a and / or its extent Θ and / or its thickness e, with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 1, which gives the turns of the spiral a perfect or almost perfect concentricity.
Il a notamment été découvert qu'un paramètre de la portion rigidifiée 6 In particular, it has been discovered that a parameter of the rigidified portion 6
25 ayant une influence particulière sur l'isochronisme est sa position a. En déplaçant la portion rigidifiée 6 vers l'extrémité extérieure 4 du spiral, on crée une avance de marche aux petites amplitudes par rapport aux grandes amplitudes d'oscillation du balancier. Ainsi, un écart de marche d'environ 6,7 s/j, mais de signe opposé par rapport à l'écart de marche mesuré moyen susmentionné, peut être obtenu entre les amplitudes de 150° et de 300° en déplaçant la portion rigidifiée 6 à la position a' = 62° et en conservant constantes les autres caractéristiques de la portion rigidifiée 6 (étendue, épaisseur). La variation de la marche due à l'échappement peut ainsi être sensiblement entièrement compensée. La figure 4 montre le nouveau spiral obtenu, avec sa portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée désignée par le repère 6'. Le déplacement de la portion rigidifiée 6 modifie bien entendu le développement du spiral, qui n'est plus aussi concentrique. Mais, d'une part, cette modification est faible, le spiral se développant encore de manière plus concentrique qu'un spiral traditionnel (c'est-à-dire un spiral sans portion rigidifiée), et, d'autre part, cette modification contribue à améliorer l'isochronisme global du mouvement, le défaut de concentricité créé servant à compenser un autre défaut. Dans le diagramme de la figure 5 a été dessinée la courbe d'isochronisme 14 du spiral illustré à la figure 4, obtenue selon la même méthode qu'à la figure 2. On voit que l'augmentation de la marche entre l'amplitude de 300° et l'amplitude de 150° est sensiblement linéaire et de pente inverse de la pente de la variation de la marche due à l'échappement. On a également reporté sur cette figure 5 la courbe d'isochronisme 11 du spiral illustré à la figure 1 à titre de comparaison. A la figure 6 sont représentés des résultats de mesure de la marche d'un mouvement identique à celui sur lequel les mesures de la figure 3 ont été effectuées, mais équipé du spiral illustré à la figure 4 au lieu de celui de la figure 1. Ces résultats montrent que la variation de la marche a été significativement réduite par le déplacement de la portion rigidifiée à la position α', en particulier dans la plage d'amplitudes allant de 180° à 300° où l'allure générale du graphe est plate. Having a particular influence on isochronism is its position a. By moving the stiffened portion 6 towards the outer end 4 of the hairspring, a small amplitude advance is created with respect to the large oscillation amplitudes of the balance. Thus, a deviation of approximately 6.7 s / d, but of opposite sign compared to the above-mentioned average measured operating gap, can be obtained between the amplitudes of 150 ° and 300 ° by moving the stiffened portion 6 to the position a '= 62 ° and keeping constant the other characteristics of the stiffened portion 6 (extent, thickness). The variation of the gait due to the exhaust can thus be substantially fully compensated. FIG. 4 shows the new spiral obtained, with its stiffened outer turn portion denoted by the reference numeral 6 '. The displacement of the stiffened portion 6 of course changes the development of the spiral, which is not so concentric. But, on the one hand, this modification is weak, the spiral developing even more concentrically than a traditional spiral (that is to say a spiral without stiffened portion), and, on the other hand, this modification helps to improve the global isochronism of movement, the lack of concentricity created to compensate for another defect. In the diagram of FIG. 5 was drawn the isochronism curve 14 of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 4, obtained according to the same method as in FIG. 2. It is seen that the increase in the gait between the amplitude of 300 ° and the amplitude of 150 ° is substantially linear and of inverse slope of the slope of the variation of the step due to the escape. This is also shown in FIG. 5 the isochronism curve 11 of the spiral illustrated in FIG. 1 for comparison. FIG. 6 shows results of measuring the movement of a movement identical to that on which the measurements of FIG. 3 have been made, but equipped with the spiral illustrated in FIG. 4 instead of that of FIG. 1. These results show that the variation of the gait has been significantly reduced by the displacement of the stiffened portion at the α 'position, in particular in the range of amplitudes ranging from 180 ° to 300 ° where the general appearance of the graph is flat. .
Un autre paramètre de la portion rigidifiée 6 ayant une influence sur l'isochronisme est son épaisseur e. En diminuant l'épaisseur e, on crée une avance de marche aux petites amplitudes par rapport aux grandes amplitudes d'oscillation du balancier. Ainsi, par exemple, un écart de marche d'environ 6,4 s/j, mais de signe opposé par rapport à l'écart de marche mesuré moyen mentionné en relation avec la figure 3, peut être obtenu entre les amplitudes de 150° et de 300° en diminuant le maximum de l'épaisseur e de la portion rigidifiée 6 (et le reste de l'épaisseur en proportion) à la valeur e' = 44,2 pm et en conservant constantes les autres caractéristiques de la portion rigidifiée (position, étendue). La figure 7 montre le spiral obtenu, avec sa portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée 5 désignée par le repère 6", et la figure 8 montre la courbe d'isochronisme 17 correspondant à un tel spiral. Another parameter of the stiffened portion 6 having an influence on isochronism is its thickness e. By decreasing the thickness e, a small amplitude advance is created with respect to the large oscillation amplitudes of the balance. Thus, for example, a duty differential of about 6.4 s / d, but of opposite sign compared to the mean measured running gap mentioned in connection with FIG. 3, can be obtained between the amplitudes of 150 °. and of 300 ° by decreasing the maximum of the thickness e of the stiffened portion 6 (and the remainder of the thickness in proportion) to the value e '= 44.2 pm and keeping constant the other characteristics of the stiffened portion (position , extended). FIG. 7 shows the hairspring obtained, with its stiffened outer turn portion 5 designated by the reference numeral 6 ", and FIG. 8 shows the isochronism curve 17 corresponding to such a hairspring.
Encore un autre paramètre de la portion rigidifiée ayant une influence sur l'isochronisme est son étendue Θ. En diminuant l'étendue Θ, on crée une avance de marche aux petites amplitudes par rapport aux grandes amplitudes d'oscillation î o du balancier. Ainsi, par exemple, un écart de marche d'environ 6,9 s/j, mais de signe opposé par rapport à l'écart de marche mesuré moyen mentionné en relation avec la figure 3, peut être obtenu entre les amplitudes de 150° et de 300° en diminuant l'étendue angulaire Θ de la portion rigidifiée à la valeur θ' = 43,9° et en conservant constantes les autres caractéristiques de la portion rigidifiée Yet another parameter of the stiffened portion having an influence on isochronism is its extent Θ. By decreasing the span Θ, a small amplitude advance is created with respect to the large oscillation amplitudes of the balance beam. Thus, for example, a gait difference of about 6.9 s / d, but of opposite sign compared to the average measured running gap mentioned in relation to FIG. 3, can be obtained between the amplitudes of 150 °. and 300 ° by decreasing the angular extent Θ of the stiffened portion to the value θ '= 43.9 ° and keeping constant the other characteristics of the stiffened portion
15 (position, épaisseur ou maximum d'épaisseur). La figure 9 montre le spiral obtenu, avec sa portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée désignée par le repère 6"', et la figure 10 montre la courbe d'isochronisme 19 correspondant à un tel spiral. 15 (position, thickness or maximum thickness). FIG. 9 shows the hairspring obtained, with its stiffened outer turn portion denoted by the reference numeral 6 "', and FIG. 10 shows the isochronism curve 19 corresponding to such a hairspring.
Dans des variantes, on pourra bien entendu combiner les principes exposés ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire modifier au moins deux des paramètres a, e et Θ. 0 En référence de nouveau à la figure 6, on constate que la modification apportée à la portion rigidifiée a un effet de compensation de la variation de marche due à l'échappement, mais qu'elle n'a pas ou peu d'effet sur l'écart de marche entre les différentes positions verticales de la montre. Ceci est valable quel(s) que soi(en)t le(s) paramètre(s) a, e, Θ que l'on choisit de modifier. La figure 5 11 représente des courbes d'isochronisme, désignées par J1 à J5, d'un spiral dont la spire externe comporte une portion rigidifiée agencée pour compenser la variation de marche due à l'échappement, comme décrit ci-dessus. La courbe J1 représente l'isochronisme du spiral en position horizontale, c'est-à-dire les variations de marche dues au développement non concentrique du spiral, et est obtenue de la même manière que les courbes des figures 2, 5, 8 et 10. Comme on peut le voir, la portion rigidifiée de la spire extérieure du spiral est agencée pour que le spiral produise une avance de marche de 5,3 s/j à l'amplitude de 150° par rapport à l'amplitude de 300°. Les courbes J2 à J5 représentent l'isochronisme du spiral dans les quatre positions verticales VG, VH, VB et VD respectivement, et sont obtenues en tenant compte à la fois du développement non concentrique du spiral et de l'effet de la gravité, en d'autres termes en additionnant les variations de marche dues au développement non concentrique du spiral et à la gravité. Pour déterminer la variation de marche due à la gravité, dans une position verticale donnée, on peut calculer par éléments finis le déplacement du centre de gravité du spiral sous l'effet des oscillations du spiral (le centre de rotation du spiral étant fixe), puis utiliser des équations analytiques reliant ce déplacement et la position du spiral à la marche en fonction de l'amplitude. De telles équations analytiques sont proposées par exemple dans l'ouvrage précité « Traité de construction horlogère ». L'effet statique d'affaissement des spires dû à la gravité est négligé dans la présente invention, de même que l'effet du balourd du balancier, ce balourd pouvant être minimisé par des moyens connus. In variants, it will of course be possible to combine the principles described above, that is to say to modify at least two of the parameters a, e and Θ. With reference again to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the modification made to the stiffened portion has a compensation effect on the variation of the path due to the exhaust, but that it has little or no effect on the difference between the different vertical positions of the watch. This is valid which one (s) t the parameter (s) a, e, Θ that one chooses to modify. FIG. 11 shows isochronism curves, denoted by J1 to J5, of a spiral whose external turn comprises a stiffened portion arranged to compensate for the variation in travel due to the escapement, as described above. The curve J1 represents the isochronism of the spiral in the horizontal position, that is to say the variations of step due to the non concentric development of the spiral, and is obtained in the same manner as the curves of Figures 2, 5, 8 and 10. As can be seen, the stiffened portion of the outer coil of the spiral is arranged so that the spiral produces a gait of 5.3 s / j at the amplitude of 150 ° with respect to the amplitude of 300 °. The curves J2 to J5 represent the isochronism of the spiral in the four vertical positions VG, VH, VB and VD respectively, and are obtained taking into account both the non-concentric development of the spiral and the effect of the gravity, in other terms by adding up the variations of step due to the non concentric development of the spiral and the gravity. To determine the variation in speed due to gravity, in a given vertical position, it is possible to calculate by finite elements the displacement of the center of gravity of the hairspring under the effect of the oscillations of the hairspring (the center of rotation of the hairspring being fixed), then use analytical equations linking this displacement and the position of the balance to the gait as a function of the amplitude. Such analytical equations are proposed, for example, in the aforementioned work "Traité de construction horlogère". The static effect of sagging turns due to gravity is neglected in the present invention, as well as the effect of the unbalance balance, this unbalance can be minimized by known means.
On constate à la figure 11 que l'écart de marche entre les positions verticales est de 3,2 s/j à une amplitude d'oscillation du balancier de 250°. Pour diminuer cet écart de marche, il est proposé selon la présente invention de modifier la partie intérieure du spiral, à savoir la distance entre l'extrémité intérieure du spiral et le centre de rotation du spiral et/ou la forme de la spire intérieure.  It can be seen in FIG. 11 that the operating gap between the vertical positions is 3.2 s / d at an oscillation amplitude of the balance of 250 °. To reduce this gap, it is proposed according to the present invention to modify the inner portion of the hairspring, namely the distance between the inner end of the hairspring and the center of rotation of the hairspring and / or the shape of the inner turn.
Le spiral correspondant aux courbes d'isochronisme J1 à J5 représentées à la figure 11 est montré à la figure 12. Il comprend 14 spires. L'étendue angulaire et la position angulaire de sa portion rigidifiée 9 (mesurées de la même manière que pour les spiraux des figures 1 , 4, 7 et 9) sont respectivement de 60° et de 75°. Le rayon R de sa virole, ou distance entre l'extrémité intérieure du spiral et le centre de rotation dudit spiral, mesuré de la même manière qu'à la figure 1 , est égal à 565 pm. Il a été constaté qu'en diminuant le rayon R à une valeur R', l'écart de marche entre les positions verticales était réduit. Le rayon R' est avantageusement choisi inférieur à 400 pm. La figure 14 représente les courbes d'isochronisme d'un spiral (illustré à la figure 13) similaire à celui de la figure 12 mais ayant un rayon de virole R' égal à 300 pm (et un pas et une épaisseur de spire adaptés en conséquence). Comme cela apparaît sur la figure 14, l'écart de marche entre les positions verticales à une amplitude de 250° est de 1 ,1 s/j, donc bien inférieur aux 3,2 s/j du spiral de la figure 12. Toutefois, pour obtenir une avance de marche entre les amplitudes d'oscillation de 150° et de 300° comparable à celle du spiral de la figure 12, la portion rigidifiée, désignée par 9', doit être adaptée. A la figure 13, l'étendue angulaire et la position angulaire de la portion rigidifiée 9' sont ainsi de 50° et de 75° respectivement. The spiral corresponding to the isochronism curves J1 to J5 shown in Figure 11 is shown in Figure 12. It comprises 14 turns. The angular extent and the angular position of its stiffened portion 9 (measured in the same manner as for the spirals of FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 9) are respectively 60 ° and 75 °. The radius R of its shell, or distance between the inner end of the hairspring and the center of rotation of said hairspring, measured in the same manner as in FIG. 1, is equal to 565 pm. It has been found that by decreasing the radius R to a value R ', the operating gap between the vertical positions was reduced. The radius R 'is advantageously chosen to be less than 400 μm. FIG. 14 represents the isochronism curves of a spiral (shown in FIG. 13) similar to that of FIG. 12 but having a ferrule radius R 'equal to 300 μm (and a pitch and a turn thickness adapted to FIG. result). As can be seen in FIG. 14, the operating gap between the vertical positions at an amplitude of 250 ° is 1.1 s / d, thus much lower than the 3.2 s / d of the spiral of FIG. 12. to obtain a running advance between the oscillation amplitudes of 150 ° and 300 ° comparable to that of the spiral of Figure 12, the stiffened portion, designated by 9 ', must be adapted. In FIG. 13, the angular extent and the angular position of the stiffened portion 9 'are thus 50 ° and 75 ° respectively.
Une autre manière de diminuer l'écart de marche entre les positions verticales est de conformer la spire intérieure du spiral selon une courbe Grossmann ou de rigidifier une portion de la spire intérieure. Une telle modification de la spire intérieure peut même être combinée à la diminution du rayon R de la virole pour réduire encore davantage l'écart de marche. Ainsi, la figure 15 montre un spiral dont le rayon de virole R' est égal à 300 pm et dont la spire intérieure 10 est conformée selon une courbe Grossmann. A la figure 16, on peut voir que l'écart de marche entre les positions verticales pour ce spiral est de seulement 0,6 s/j à une amplitude d'oscillation de 250°. De façon comparable, un spiral à portion rigidifiée 11 sur la spire intérieure tel que représenté à la figure 17 (la portion rigidifiée intérieure 1 ayant, comme la portion rigidifiée extérieure 9"', une plus grande épaisseur que le reste des spires) permettra l'obtention d'un écart de marche entre les positions verticales de 0,6 s/j à une amplitude d'oscillation de 250° (figure 18). Dans le cas du spiral de la figure 15, la portion rigidifiée 9" de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise une avance de marche due au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral de 4,2 s/j entre les amplitudes de 150° et 300°, pour compenser un retard de marche dû à l'échappement de même ordre de grandeur. Dans le cas du spiral de la figure 17, la portion rigidifiée 9"' de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise une avance de marche due au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral de 5,4 s/j entre les amplitudes de 150° et 300°, pour compenser un retard 5 de marche dû à l'échappement de même ordre de grandeur. Another way to reduce the difference between the vertical positions is to conform the inner turn of the spiral according to a Grossmann curve or to stiffen a portion of the inner turn. Such a modification of the inner coil can even be combined with the reduction of the radius R of the shell to further reduce the gapping. Thus, FIG. 15 shows a hairspring whose ferrule radius R 'is equal to 300 μm and whose inner turn 10 is shaped according to a Grossmann curve. In FIG. 16, it can be seen that the operating gap between the vertical positions for this hairspring is only 0.6 s / d at an amplitude of oscillation of 250 °. In a comparable manner, a spiral with a stiffened portion 11 on the inner turn as shown in FIG. 17 (the inner stiffened portion 1 having, like the outer stiffened portion 9 "', a greater thickness than the rest of the turns) to obtain a gapping difference between the vertical positions of 0.6 s / d at an amplitude of oscillation of 250 ° (FIG 18) In the case of the hairspring of FIG 15, the stiffened portion 9 "of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produces a march advance due to the concentricity of the spiral development of 4.2 s / d between the amplitudes of 150 ° and 300 °, to compensate for a delay due to the escape of the same order of magnitude. In the case of the hairspring of FIG. 17, the stiffened portion 9 "'of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a march advance due to the lack of concentricity of the hairspring development of 5.4 s / d between the amplitudes. 150 ° and 300 °, to compensate for a run delay due to the escape of the same order of magnitude.
Bien que la combinaison d'une courbe Grossmann ou d'une portion de spire intérieure rigidifiée avec un petit rayon de virole R' soit particulièrement avantageuse, on notera que la courbe Grossmann 10 ou la portion de spire intérieure rigidifiée pourrait aussi être utilisée avec une virole de plus grand î o rayon R. On pourrait aussi combiner un petit rayon de virole R', une courbe Grossmann et une portion de spire intérieure rigidifiée. Dans tous les cas, la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée pourra être agencée selon l'un quelconque des principes exposés en relation avec les figures 4, 7 et 9 ou selon une combinaison de ces principes. Par ailleurs, il va de soi que l'on pourrait appliquer Although the combination of a Grossmann curve or a stiffened inner turn portion with a small ferrule radius R 'is particularly advantageous, it should be noted that the Grossmann curve 10 or the stiffened inner turn portion could also be used with a ferrule of larger radius R. Alternatively, a small ferrule radius R ', a Grossmann curve and a stiffened inner turn portion could be combined. In all cases, the stiffened outer turn portion may be arranged according to any of the principles set forth in connection with Figures 4, 7 and 9 or a combination of these principles. Moreover, it goes without saying that one could apply
1 5 lesdits principes à un mouvement dont l'échappement produirait une avance de marche au lieu d'un retard de marche. Pour compenser une telle avance de marche on pourrait ainsi, par exemple, éloigner la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée de l'extrémité extérieure du spiral ou augmenter l'étendue angulaire de la portion de spire extérieure rigidifiée.1 5 said principles to a movement whose escapement would produce a march advance instead of a delay. To compensate for such a running advance could thus, for example, away from the stiffened outer turn portion of the outer end of the spiral or increase the angular extent of the stiffened outer turn portion.
0 Les spiraux décrits ci-dessus sont chacun destinés à faire partie d'un oscillateur d'un mouvement horloger du type du mouvement 12 illustré sous la forme d'un bloc-diagramme à la figure 19. Outre l'oscillateur, désigné par 16, le mouvement 12 comprend, de manière traditionnelle, un organe moteur 13 tel qu'un barillet, un rouage 14, un échappement 15 et un affichage 17.  The spirals described above are each intended to be part of an oscillator of a movement-type clockwork movement illustrated in the form of a block diagram in FIG. 19. In addition to the oscillator designated by FIG. , the movement 12 comprises, in the traditional way, a motor member 13 such as a cylinder, a gear train 14, an escapement 15 and a display 17.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur balancier-spiral (16) et un échappement (15) coopérant avec l'oscillateur (16), la spire extérieure du spiral comprenant une portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"'), caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"') est agencée pour compenser au moins partiellement la variation de la marche du mouvement en fonction de l'amplitude d'oscillation du balancier due à l'échappement, et en ce que le spiral comprend en outre au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes : 1. A clockwork movement comprising a balance-balance oscillator (16) and an escapement (15) cooperating with the oscillator (16), the outer coil of the spiral comprising a stiffened portion (9 '; 9 "; 9"') , characterized in that the stiffened portion (9 '; 9 "; 9"') is arranged to at least partially compensate for the variation of the movement of the movement as a function of the oscillation amplitude of the balance due to the escapement, and in that the hairspring further comprises at least one of the following features:
a) une distance (R') entre l'extrémité intérieure du spiral et le centre de rotation du spiral inférieure à 400 pm,  a) a distance (R ') between the inner end of the hairspring and the center of rotation of the hairspring less than 400 μm,
b) une courbe Grossmann (10) définie par la spire intérieure du spiral,  b) a Grossmann curve (10) defined by the inner coil of the spiral,
c) une portion rigidifiée (11 ) définie par la spire intérieure du spiral.  c) a stiffened portion (11) defined by the inner coil of the spiral.
2. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"') de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise un écart de marche dû au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral d'au moins 2 s/j à une amplitude de 150° par rapport à une amplitude de 300°, compensant au moins partiellement ladite variation de marche due à l'échappement. 2. A watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffened portion (9 '; 9 "; 9"') of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a shift due to the lack of concentricity of the development of the hairspring of at least 2 s / d at an amplitude of 150 ° with respect to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said variation in operation due to the exhaust.
3. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"') de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise un écart de marche dû au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral d'au moins 4 s/j à une amplitude de 150° par rapport à une amplitude de 300°, compensant au moins partiellement ladite variation de marche due à l'échappement. 3. Watchmaking movement according to claim 2, characterized in that the stiffened portion (9 '; 9 ";9"') of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a shift due to the lack of concentricity of the spiral development of at least 4 s / d at an amplitude of 150 ° relative to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said variation in operation due to the exhaust.
4. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"') de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spirai produise un écart de marche dû au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral d'au moins 6 s/j à une amplitude de 150° par rapport à une amplitude de 300°, compensant au moins partiellement ladite variation de marche due à l'échappement. 4. A watch movement according to claim 3, characterized in that the stiffened portion (9 '; 9 "; 9"') of the outer turn is arranged so that the spiral produces a shift due to the lack of concentricity of the development of the hairspring of at least 6 s / d at an amplitude of 150 ° with respect to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said gait variation due to the exhaust.
5. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (9' ; 9" ; 9"') de la spire extérieure est agencée pour que le spiral produise un écart de marche dû au défaut de concentricité du développement du spiral d'au moins 8 s/j à une amplitude de 150° par rapport à une amplitude de 300°, compensant au moins partiellement ladite variation de marche due à l'échappement. 5. A watch movement according to claim 4, characterized in that the stiffened portion (9 '; 9 "; 9"') of the outer turn is arranged so that the hairspring produce a shift due to the lack of concentricity of the development of the hairspring of at least 8 s / d at an amplitude of 150 ° with respect to an amplitude of 300 °, at least partially compensating for said variation in operation due to the exhaust.
6. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 àClock movement according to one of claims 1 to
5, caractérisé en ce que ledit écart de marche est une avance de marche. 5, characterized in that said gap is a walking advance.
7. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 àClock movement according to one of claims 1 to
6, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (6') de la spire extérieure est plus proche de l'extrémité extérieure (4) du spiral qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique (6) qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique. 6, characterized in that the stiffened portion (6 ') of the outer coil is closer to the outer end (4) of the spiral stiffened theoretical portion (6) which would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric.
8. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (6") de la spire extérieure est moins épaisse qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique (6) qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique. 8. Horological movement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the stiffened portion (6 ") of the outer turn is less thick than a theoretical stiffened portion (6) which would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric.
9. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la portion rigidifiée (6"') de la spire extérieure est moins étendue qu'une portion rigidifiée théorique (6) qui rendrait le développement du spiral sensiblement parfaitement concentrique. 9. Watchmaking movement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the stiffened portion (6 "') of the outer turn is less extensive than a theoretical stiffened portion (6) which would make the development of the spiral substantially perfectly concentric.
10. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur (e) et l'étendue (Θ) de la portion rigidifiée (6') de la spire extérieure sont sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique (6). . Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la position (a) et l'étendue (Θ) de la portion rigidifiée (6") de la spire extérieure sont sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique (6). 10. A watch movement according to claim 7, characterized in that the thickness (e) and the extent (Θ) of the stiffened portion (6 ') of the outer turn are substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion. (6). . Timepiece movement according to claim 8, characterized in that the position (a) and the extent (Θ) of the stiffened portion (6 ") of the outer turn are substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion (6) .
12. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la position (a) et l'épaisseur (e) de la portion rigidifiée (6"') de la spire extérieure sont sensiblement identiques à celles de ladite portion rigidifiée théorique (6). 12. A watch movement according to claim 9, characterized in that the position (a) and the thickness (e) of the stiffened portion (6 "') of the outer turn are substantially identical to those of said theoretical stiffened portion. (6).
13. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le spiral comporte la caractéristique a). 13. A watch movement according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the spiral comprises the characteristic a).
14. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite distance (R') est d'environ 300 μητ 14. A watch movement according to claim 13, characterized in that said distance (R ') is approximately 300 μ η τ
15. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le spiral comporte en outre la caractéristique b). 15. Timepiece according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the spiral further comprises the characteristic b).
16. Mouvement d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le spiral comporte en outre la caractéristique c). 16. Watchmaking movement according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the spiral further comprises the characteristic c).
EP13812065.4A 2012-11-07 2013-10-22 Clock movement having a balance and a hairspring Active EP2917787B1 (en)

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HK1208739A1 (en) 2016-03-11
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SG11201501727QA (en) 2015-04-29
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CH707165B1 (en) 2016-12-30
CN104756019B (en) 2017-08-04

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