EP2905796A1 - Deflecting cover for overmoulded vacuum interrupter - Google Patents
Deflecting cover for overmoulded vacuum interrupter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2905796A1 EP2905796A1 EP15150775.3A EP15150775A EP2905796A1 EP 2905796 A1 EP2905796 A1 EP 2905796A1 EP 15150775 A EP15150775 A EP 15150775A EP 2905796 A1 EP2905796 A1 EP 2905796A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cover
- side wall
- tubular portion
- chamber
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000985694 Polypodiopsida Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
- H01H2033/66223—Details relating to the sealing of vacuum switch housings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
- H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
Definitions
- the invention relates to switches and switchgear, in particular vacuum interrupters, operating in particular at high and medium voltage.
- the invention relates to the insulation of such equipment by coating with a suitable material, and relates to the establishment of a cover around the lids of the bulb to optimize the reliability of overmolding by an insulating material .
- a vacuum interrupter is constituted by a breaking chamber in which a low pressure prevails and in which there is a pair of contacts that can take a closed position allowing the passage of current and an open position in which the two contacts are separated so as to interrupt the current.
- a contact is fixed, secured to a bottom of the envelope; the other contact is mobile with a bellows surrounding it and allows to mechanically isolate the interior of the room.
- the envelope of the chamber of a vacuum interrupter comprises an insulating casing, sometimes also called bulb, made of ceramic or glass, which constitutes a generally tubular central part; the tube is closed at its ends by lids, usually metal, also called bowls or caps, to which are connected the contacts.
- insulating casing sometimes also called bulb, made of ceramic or glass, which constitutes a generally tubular central part; the tube is closed at its ends by lids, usually metal, also called bowls or caps, to which are connected the contacts.
- Vacuum bulbs require a dielectric environment to counter discharges when triggered by opening contacts.
- a free space around the bulb can be enough; however, especially when the operating voltage is high, an option is the location of the bulb in a sealed chamber comprising a dielectric fluid, empty or SF 6 .
- solid insulators have been developed for coating vacuum bulbs, including an overmoulding epoxy such as for example presented in the document EP 0 866 481 .
- the triple points can be reinforced by conductive material ( WO 2007/116661 , GB 2,160,710 ), sometimes associated with deflectors ( EP 1 680 792 ).
- conductive material WO 2007/116661 , GB 2,160,710
- deflectors EP 1 680 792
- various solutions of interposition of flexible or elastic layers between the coating and the bulb, on all or part of the interface have been proposed: see for example JP 2004306528 , WO 2013/113499 .
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing bulbs and minimize the risk of occurrence of cracks and lack of compactness within the epoxy coating at the metal caps of a ceramic bulb.
- the invention relates to a cut-off device, in particular a vacuum interrupter, comprising a sealed chamber extending along a longitudinal axis, preferably an axis of symmetry.
- the sealed chamber houses two movable contacts relatively to each other along the axis, and integral electrodes that extend out of the chamber.
- the interrupting chamber is coated with an insulating coating made of thermosetting resin, preferably an epoxy or epoxy resin, advantageously itself coated with a conductive coating serving as electrostatic shielding.
- the interrupting chamber comprises a tubular portion, preferably ceramic, open at its ends, and closed by closure means which are secured thereto.
- the closure means comprise a conductive cover, in particular a metal cover, with a bottom that is substantially flat and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in which a contact electrode can pass, and a side wall that is coupled to the tubular part, advantageously by brazing, at a junction zone, which can define a line on the tubular wall.
- the closing means at each end may be similar, the length of the side walls of the lids may in turn differ; alternatively one of the ends may be closed by other means.
- Each closure lid of the tubular portion is itself housed without play in a conductive cover, preferably in wire mesh, comprising a bottom wall against which is backed its bottom and a peripheral side wall extending on the length of the side wall of the lid.
- the peripheral side wall may be extended by an end portion which then houses the junction zone and an end of the tubular portion; the end portion may be thicker than the rest of the cap, and may be spaced apart from the tubular portion by a gap, in which a seal may be provided.
- the outer surface of the cover is preferably devoid of sharp angles.
- the invention also relates to a vacuum interrupter comprising the preceding cutoff device, wherein the chamber is under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, one of the contacts being fixed and secured to the lid.
- a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention is intended for use in a switch for making the cut in an electric circuit.
- the bulb 1 according to the invention is preferably arranged to operate at high or medium voltage, that is to say between 1 and 75 kV, although low voltage use is possible.
- the ampoule 1 comprises a sealed chamber or cartridge 2 in which there is preferably a controlled low pressure of air or other dielectric fluid, that is to say a "vacuum"; the chamber 2 is defined by a longitudinal envelope extending along an axis AA, and which is advantageously axisymmetric (symmetrical of revolution) for reasons of manufacture and assembly.
- the envelope of the chamber 2 comprises a first main part, central, insulating 4, preferably ceramic although glass may be an option.
- the insulating part 4 is tubular, preferably cylindrical of revolution to optimize its mechanical and dielectric strengths, as well as to facilitate its manufacture; in the preferred embodiment, each open end of the tube 4 is delimited by an orthogonal section of its wall, thus forming two superimposable rings.
- the orifices of the tube 4 are partially closed by conductive covers 6 1 , 6 2 ; in the illustrated frame, the covers, or caps, 6 are metallic and each comprise a substantially plane bottom normal to the axis AA, extended on its periphery by an orthogonal side wall 7 of the same shape as the tube 4 at its ends; the side wall 7 1 , 7 2 is longer or shorter depending on the use, but anyway extends the bottom to optimize the construction of the bulb 1.
- the covers 6 are advantageously formed in one piece and substantially constant thickness between the peripheral walls 7 and bottom.
- the conductive covers 6 are tightly secured to the insulating tube 4 according to a junction zone 8.
- the junction zone 8 is limited to a line corresponding to a brazing of the side wall 7 of the covers 6 on the insulating tubular wall 4.
- the thickness of the tube 4, homogeneous is greater than the thickness of the lid 6 (For example of the order of 1 to 2.5 mm), and the two ends are placed edge to edge, with vacuum brazing of the cap 6 on the wall of the tube 4.
- the chamber 2 delimited by the ceramic tube 4 and the covers 6 comprises a pair of arcing contacts 10 1 , 10 2 movable relative to each other along the axis AA of the bulb 1.
- Each contact 10 1 , 10 2 comprises a contact pad 12 of suitable material, such as CuCr, fixed on a longitudinal electrode 14 made of copper.
- a first contact 10 1 is fixed, integral with one of the end caps 6 1 to which its electrode 14 is coupled to close it, for example by welding or mechanical assembly; the second contact 10 2 is mounted to slide axially inside the cartridge 2, with its electrode 14 being able to move through the other bowl 6 2 .
- a sealing bellows 16 is interposed between the movable electrode 14, to which it can for example be welded at one end, and the corresponding cover 6 2 , thus isolating the opening of the cover 6 2 of the chamber 2.
- a dielectric screen 18 may be placed around the sealing bellows 16, at its end coupled to the electrode 14 to protect it against projections caused by a cut.
- the ampoule 1 according to the invention is preferably used in tight spaces, which can also be aggressive: so that the cut-off device is insensitive to the environment (pollution, dust, other dirt) and reduce the dimensions, solid insulation 22 is used to concentrate the dielectric stresses inside the insulator 22; a shield 24 may be associated with it to confine them by removing any electric field from the ambient air.
- Solid insulation is conventionally produced by overmolding a thermosetting resin 22, in particular epoxy resin, commonly known as epoxy, optionally in composite form with fiberglass fabric.
- a thermosetting resin 22 in particular epoxy resin, commonly known as epoxy, optionally in composite form with fiberglass fabric.
- epoxy resin commonly known as epoxy
- the introduction of the solid insulation 22 involves the positioning of the casing 2 of the chamber within a heated mold in order to inject the resin.
- fissures, detachments or faults of the fern type appear at the level of lids 6 of the vacuum chamber 2, which causes the appearance of partial discharges during the commissioning of a circuit breaker 1 containing it.
- covers 26 1 , 26 2 are associated with lids 6 1 , 6 2 , and follow the shapes.
- a cover 26 comprises a bottom 28 which is set up perpendicular to the longitudinal axis AA against the cover 6, said bottom 28 being extended at its periphery by a peripheral side wall 30, defining a recess in which the cover 6 of the bulb 1 can be put in place.
- the bottom 28 of the cover 26 comprises an orifice 32 allowing the passage of the electrode 14.
- the peripheral wall 30 of the deflector 26 extends along the axis AA along the entire length of the wall 7 of the cover 6 to reach the zone junction 8.
- the cover 26 made of metal is in close contact with the cover 6: the presence of the cover 26 thus increases the mass of a cap assembly 6, 26, which increases its thermal inertia.
- the cover assembly 26 + cover 6 can have a cooling coefficient substantially equal to that of the electrode rod 14, formed of solid copper, and the ceramic 4. Thanks to the homogeneity of the coefficient of cooling thus obtained, during the establishment of the chamber 2 in the overmolding mold, and during overmoulding by the epoxy 22, the envelope of the chamber 2 behaves uniformly, resulting in fewer constraints within epoxy 22, and significantly reducing the lack of compactness, the detachment at the interface and the presence of cracks.
- the cover 26 is made of copper, preferably perforated in order to allow the penetration of epoxy, and in particular copper-plated wire mesh, for example brass, which prevents the sandwich structure when the lid 6 is placed in the hood 26, very harmful to the resistance to partial discharges in the presence of a high electric field.
- the cover 26 thus preferably forms a cup shape complementary to that lid 6 which can be inserted with a few points of contact, obtained for example by compression during insertion. In particular, it is possible to possibly provide a slight spacing, for example less than 0.5 mm, between cover 26 and cover 6.
- the cover 26 also covers the junction zone 8, and the side wall 30 is extended by an end portion 34 so that the length of the cover 26 exceeds that of the cover 6.
- the end portion 34 may be of internal diameter greater than the side wall 30 in which the lid 6 is housed to take into account the offset formed by the thickness of the ceramic tube 4, thus forming a flange.
- the end flange 34 is put in place at the level of the ceramic wall 4 and / or the conductive solder 8, that is to say in an area where the field constraints are the highest, it may be of greater thickness than that of the part of the cover 26 in which the cover 6 rests.
- the dielectric cover 26 may comprise a swollen portion of end 34 up to 2 mm thick, over a length of about 18 mm beyond the solder 8.
- the flange 34 has a function different from the rest of the side wall 30, and the bottom wall 28, of the cover 26, which are associated with copper parts 6 of thickness conventionally less than 4 mm to increase thermal inertia: it is here more especially to serve as a deflector.
- the flange 34 may thus be further away from the envelope 2, with a gap between the ceramic 4 and the copper 34.
- the internal recess may include sharp corners
- the outer surface of the baffle 26 is smooth, with blunt, rounded corners; the cover 26 is advantageously axisymmetric, and its external shape is determined according to the mechanical and dielectric stresses.
- the generatrix of the vacuum bulb covers in the zone protected by the Faraday cage formed between cover 26 and cover 6, which allows sandblasting of the insulating part 4 before placing the internal elements.
- a mask can be used, but in fact, this possibility reduces the roughness constraints on sandblasting, including checks at this location, including when sanding is performed for the entire envelope of the chamber to empty 2.
- the invention has been described with reference to a vacuum interrupter in which the two metal covers 6 1 , 6 2 extend longitudinally to extend the space tubular ceramic, it is not limited to other elements may be concerned by the invention.
- the ceramic tube 4 could be closed only by a cover 6 having a side wall 7, the other end of the tube 4 being closed by suitable means, in which case the presence of a cover 26 at this end can to be superfluous.
- the invention can be applied to a longitudinal enclosure containing no relatively movable contacts and serving for example fuse.
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Afin d'améliorer la qualité du surmoulage en époxy d'une ampoule à vide (1), les parois fines des couvercles (6 1 , 6 2 ) du tube céramique (4), comprenant une paroi latérale (7 1 , 7 2 ) s'étendant le long de l'axe (AA) de l'ampoule (1) et une paroi de fond, sont associés à des capots (26 1 , 26 2 ) qui les entourent. L'inertie thermique des moyens de fermeture métallique du tube céramique (4) est ainsi augmentée.In order to improve the quality of the epoxy overmoulding of a vacuum bulb (1), the thin walls of the covers (6 1, 6 2) of the ceramic tube (4), comprising a side wall (7 1, 7 2) extending along the axis (AA) of the bulb (1) and a bottom wall, are associated with covers (26 1, 26 2) which surround them. The thermal inertia of the metal closure means of the ceramic tube (4) is thus increased.
Description
L'invention concerne les interrupteurs et appareillages de coupure, en particulier les ampoules à vide, fonctionnant notamment à haute et moyenne tension. L'invention est relative à l'isolation de tels équipements par revêtement avec un matériau adéquat, et se rapporte à la mise en place d'un capot autour des couvercles de l'ampoule permettant d'optimiser la fiabilité du surmoulage par un matériau isolant.The invention relates to switches and switchgear, in particular vacuum interrupters, operating in particular at high and medium voltage. The invention relates to the insulation of such equipment by coating with a suitable material, and relates to the establishment of a cover around the lids of the bulb to optimize the reliability of overmolding by an insulating material .
Une ampoule à vide est constituée par une chambre de coupure dans laquelle règne une basse pression et dans laquelle se trouve une paire de contacts pouvant prendre une position fermée permettant le passage du courant et une position ouverte dans laquelle les deux contacts sont séparés de manière à interrompre le courant. Usuellement, un contact est fixe, solidarisé à un fond de l'enveloppe ; l'autre contact est mobile avec un soufflet qui l'entoure et permet d'isoler mécaniquement l'intérieur de la chambre.A vacuum interrupter is constituted by a breaking chamber in which a low pressure prevails and in which there is a pair of contacts that can take a closed position allowing the passage of current and an open position in which the two contacts are separated so as to interrupt the current. Usually, a contact is fixed, secured to a bottom of the envelope; the other contact is mobile with a bellows surrounding it and allows to mechanically isolate the interior of the room.
L'enveloppe de la chambre d'une ampoule à vide comprend un boîtier isolant, parfois également appelé ampoule, en céramique ou en verre, qui constitue partie centrale généralement tubulaire ; le tube est obturé à ses extrémités par des couvercles, usuellement métalliques, aussi appelés bols ou coiffes, auxquels sont reliés les contacts.The envelope of the chamber of a vacuum interrupter comprises an insulating casing, sometimes also called bulb, made of ceramic or glass, which constitutes a generally tubular central part; the tube is closed at its ends by lids, usually metal, also called bowls or caps, to which are connected the contacts.
Les ampoules à vide nécessitent un environnement diélectrique pour contrer les décharges lors de leur déclenchement par ouverture des contacts. Un espace libre autour de l'ampoule peut être suffisant ; cependant, notamment lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est élevée, une option est la localisation de l'ampoule dans une enceinte étanche comprenant un fluide diélectrique, vide ou SF6. Pour des raisons de compacité, coût et fiabilité, des isolants solides ont été développés pour revêtir les ampoules à vide, avec notamment un surmoulage en époxy tel que par exemple présenté dans le document
Pour éviter des décharges partielles, les points triples peuvent être renforcés par du matériau conducteur (
Il apparaît cependant que des fissurations et/ou un défaut de compacité de la résine de type fougère et/ou un décollement au niveau de l'interface avec le couvercle peuvent, malgré les solutions précédentes, apparaître au sein du surmoulage en époxy et générer des décharges partielles.However, it appears that cracks and / or a lack of compactness of the fern-type resin and / or detachment at the interface with the lid can, despite the previous solutions, appear within the epoxy overmoulding and generate partial discharges.
Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à pallier des inconvénients des ampoules existantes et à minimiser les risques d'apparition de fissures et de manque de compacité au sein du revêtement epoxy au niveau des capots métalliques d'une ampoule céramique.Among other advantages, the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing bulbs and minimize the risk of occurrence of cracks and lack of compactness within the epoxy coating at the metal caps of a ceramic bulb.
En particulier, l'invention est relative à un dispositif de coupure, notamment une ampoule à vide, comprenant une chambre étanche s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal, de préférence un axe de symétrie. La chambre étanche loge deux contacts mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre le long de l'axe, et solidaires d'électrodes qui se prolongent hors de la chambre. La chambre de coupure est revêtue par un enrobage isolant en résine thermodurcissable, de préférence une résine époxyde, ou époxy, avantageusement lui-même revêtu par un revêtement conducteur servant de blindage électrostatique.In particular, the invention relates to a cut-off device, in particular a vacuum interrupter, comprising a sealed chamber extending along a longitudinal axis, preferably an axis of symmetry. The sealed chamber houses two movable contacts relatively to each other along the axis, and integral electrodes that extend out of the chamber. The interrupting chamber is coated with an insulating coating made of thermosetting resin, preferably an epoxy or epoxy resin, advantageously itself coated with a conductive coating serving as electrostatic shielding.
La chambre de coupure comprend une partie tubulaire, avantageusement en céramique, ouverte à ses extrémités, et obturée par des moyens de fermeture qui lui sont solidarisés. A une extrémité au moins, les moyens de fermeture comprennent un couvercle conducteur, notamment métallique, avec un fond sensiblement plat et orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal dans lequel une électrode de contact peut passer, et une paroi latérale qui est couplée à la partie tubulaire, avantageusement par brasage, au niveau d'une zone de jonction, qui peut définir une ligne sur la paroi tubulaire. Les moyens de fermeture à chaque extrémité peuvent être similaires, la longueur des parois latérales des couvercles pouvant quant à elle différer ; alternativement une des extrémités peut être fermée par d'autres moyens.The interrupting chamber comprises a tubular portion, preferably ceramic, open at its ends, and closed by closure means which are secured thereto. At at least one end, the closure means comprise a conductive cover, in particular a metal cover, with a bottom that is substantially flat and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in which a contact electrode can pass, and a side wall that is coupled to the tubular part, advantageously by brazing, at a junction zone, which can define a line on the tubular wall. The closing means at each end may be similar, the length of the side walls of the lids may in turn differ; alternatively one of the ends may be closed by other means.
Chaque couvercle de fermeture de la partie tubulaire est quant à lui logé sans jeu au sein d'un capot conducteur, de préférence en cuivre grillagé, comprenant une paroi de fond contre laquelle est adossé son fond et une paroi latérale périphérique s'étendant sur la longueur de la paroi latérale du couvercle. La paroi latérale périphérique peut être prolongée par une partie d'extrémité qui loge alors la zone de jonction et une extrémité de la partie tubulaire ; la partie d'extrémité peut être d'épaisseur supérieure à celle du reste du capot, et peut être écartée de la partie tubulaire par un espace, dans lequel peut être mis en place un joint. La surface externe du capot est de préférence dépourvue d'angles vifs.Each closure lid of the tubular portion is itself housed without play in a conductive cover, preferably in wire mesh, comprising a bottom wall against which is backed its bottom and a peripheral side wall extending on the length of the side wall of the lid. The peripheral side wall may be extended by an end portion which then houses the junction zone and an end of the tubular portion; the end portion may be thicker than the rest of the cap, and may be spaced apart from the tubular portion by a gap, in which a seal may be provided. The outer surface of the cover is preferably devoid of sharp angles.
L'invention concerne également une ampoule à vide comprenant le dispositif de coupure précédent, dans lequel la chambre est sous une pression inférieure à la pression atmosphérique, l'un des contacts étant fixe et solidarisé au couvercle.The invention also relates to a vacuum interrupter comprising the preceding cutoff device, wherein the chamber is under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, one of the contacts being fixed and secured to the lid.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.
- La
figure 1 représente une ampoule à vide selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. - Les
figures 2A et 2B illustrent plus particulièrement le couvercle et le capot dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.
- The
figure 1 represents a vacuum interrupter according to one embodiment of the invention. - The
Figures 2A and 2B illustrate more particularly the cover and the cover in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Une ampoule à vide 1 selon l'invention, illustrée en
L'enveloppe de la chambre 2 comprend une première partie principale, centrale, isolante 4, avantageusement en céramique bien que le verre puisse être une option. La partie isolante 4 est tubulaire, de préférence cylindrique de révolution pour optimiser ses résistances mécanique et diélectrique, ainsi que pour faciliter sa fabrication ; dans le mode de réalisation préféré, chaque extrémité ouverte du tube 4 est délimitée par une section orthogonale de sa paroi, formant ainsi deux anneaux superposables. Les orifices du tube 4 sont partiellement fermés par des couvercles conducteurs 61, 62 ; dans le cadre illustré, les couvercles, ou coiffes, 6 sont métalliques et comprennent chacun un fond sensiblement plan normal à l'axe AA, prolongé sur sa périphérie par une paroi latérale orthogonale 7 de même forme que le tube 4 à ses extrémités ; la paroi latérale 71, 72 est plus ou moins longue selon l'usage, mais prolonge quoi qu'il en soit le fond pour optimiser la construction de l'ampoule 1. Pour optimiser leur résistance mécanique, les couvercles 6 sont avantageusement formés d'une seule pièce et d'épaisseur sensiblement constante entre les parois périphériques 7 et de fond.The envelope of the
Les couvercles conducteurs 6 sont solidarisés de façon étanche au tube isolant 4 selon une zone de jonction 8. Bien que toute technique connue puisse être utilisée, selon le mode de réalisation préféré, la zone de jonction 8 se limite à une ligne qui correspond à une brasure de la paroi latérale 7 des couvercles 6 sur la paroi tubulaire isolante 4. Avantageusement, l'épaisseur du tube 4, homogène (par exemple de l'ordre de 6 mm pour une ampoule 1 de diamètre interne 66 mm fonctionnant à 17,5 kV) est supérieure à l'épaisseur du couvercle 6 (par exemple de l'ordre de 1, à 2,5 mm), et les deux extrémités sont mises bord à bord, avec brasure sous vide de la coiffe 6 sur la paroi du tube 4.The conductive covers 6 are tightly secured to the insulating
La chambre 2 délimitée par le tube en céramique 4 et les couvercles 6 comprend une paire de contacts d'arc 101, 102 mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre le long de l'axe AA de l'ampoule 1. Chaque contact 101, 102 comporte une pastille de contact 12 en matériau approprié, comme CuCr, fixée sur une électrode 14 longitudinale en cuivre. De préférence et tel qu'illustré, un premier contact 101 est fixe, solidaire de l'un des couvercles d'extrémité 61 auquel son électrode 14 est couplée pour le fermer, par exemple par soudage ou montage mécanique ; le deuxième contact 102 est monté à coulissement axial à l'intérieur de la cartouche 2, avec son électrode 14 pouvant se déplacer à travers l'autre bol 62. Pour permettre le débattement du contact mobile 102 et conserver l'atmosphère contrôlée, un soufflet d'étanchéité 16 est interposé entre l'électrode mobile 14, à laquelle il peut par exemple être soudé à une extrémité, et le couvercle correspondant 62, isolant ainsi l'ouverture du couvercle 62 de la chambre 2. Un écran diélectrique 18 peut être mis en place autour du soufflet d'étanchéité 16, au niveau de son extrémité couplée à l'électrode 14 pour le protéger contre les projections occasionnées par une coupure.The
L'ampoule 1 selon l'invention est de préférence utilisée dans des espaces restreints, qui peuvent en outre être agressifs : pour que l'organe de coupure soit insensible à l'environnement (pollution, poussières, autres saletés) et réduire les dimensions, une isolation solide 22 est utilisée pour concentrer les contraintes diélectriques à l'intérieur de l'isolant 22 ; un blindage 24 peut lui être associé pour les y confiner en supprimant tout champ électrique de l'air ambiant.The ampoule 1 according to the invention is preferably used in tight spaces, which can also be aggressive: so that the cut-off device is insensitive to the environment (pollution, dust, other dirt) and reduce the dimensions,
L'isolation solide est classiquement réalisé par surmoulage d'une résine thermodurcissable 22, notamment de la résine époxyde, communément appelée epoxy, éventuellement sous forme composite avec tissu en fibres de verre. De par sa nature même, la mise en place de l'isolation solide 22 implique le positionnement de l'enveloppe 2 de la chambre au sein d'un moule chauffé afin d'y injecter la résine. Malgré toutes les précautions, il peut arriver que des fissurations, décollements ou défauts de type fougères, apparaissent au niveau des couvercles 6 de la chambre à vide 2, ce qui cause l'apparition de décharges partielles lors de la mise en service d'un disjoncteur 1 la contenant.Solid insulation is conventionally produced by overmolding a
Afin de permettre un surmoulage époxy sans fougères, selon l'invention, des capots 261, 262 sont associés aux couvercles 61, 62, et en épousent les formes.In order to allow overmolding without ferns, according to the invention, covers 26 1 , 26 2 are associated with
En particulier, tel qu'illustré également en
Le capot 26 réalisé en métal est en contact étroit avec le couvercle 6 : la présence du capot 26 conduit ainsi à accroître la masse d'un ensemble formant coiffe 6, 26, ce qui augmente son inertie thermique. Grâce à ce système, l'ensemble capot 26 + couvercle 6 peut avoir un coefficient de refroidissement sensiblement égal à celui de la tige d'électrode 14, formée en cuivre plein, et de la céramique 4. Grâce à l'homogénéité du coefficient de refroidissement ainsi obtenue, lors de la mise en place de la chambre 2 dans le moule de surmoulage, et lors du surmoulage par l'epoxy 22, l'enveloppe de la chambre 2 se comporte de façon uniforme, entraînant moins de contraintes au sein de l'epoxy 22, et diminuant de façon notable le manque de compacité, le décollement à l'interface et la présence de fissurations.The
De fait, dans l'art antérieur, malgré un préchauffage de l'ampoule dans une étuve préalablement à la mise en place dans un moule chaud pour injection d'epoxy, lors du déplacement de l'enveloppe de la chambre 2 de l'étuve vers le moule, comme le couvercle 6 présente une surface importante et une épaisseur de cuivre relativement faible, il refroidit très vite : la température est donc plus faible dans cette zone dite « froide », avec un écart important entre les températures de la résine epoxy et de la zone froide. De plus, cet écart est très supérieur à l'écart entre la température de la résine epoxy 22 et celle de l'électrode 14 (réalisée en cuivre monobloc épais, qui refroidit lentement) ou celle de la céramique (réfractaire par nature). La zone froide peut occasionner lors du surmoulage des défauts de type fissuration, fougères ou décollements. L'épaisseur du nouvel écran métallique 26 s'ajoute à l'épaisseur de cuivre dans la zone froide et améliore ainsi la gestion thermique des moyens de fermeture 6 de la chambre 2.In fact, in the prior art, despite preheating of the ampoule in an oven prior to placement in a hot mold for epoxy injection, during the displacement of the envelope of the
Avantageusement, le capot 26 est en cuivre, de préférence ajouré afin de permettre la pénétration d'epoxy, et notamment en grillage cuivré, par exemple du laiton, ce qui empêche la structure en sandwich lors de la mise en place du couvercle 6 dans le capot 26, très néfaste pour la tenue aux décharges partielles en présence d'un champ électrique élevé. Bien qu'un contact soit nécessaire entre le capot 26 et le couvercle 6 pour assurer la continuité thermique, l'utilisation de grillage permet de limiter également les problèmes d'ajustements : le capot 26 forme ainsi de préférence une coupelle de forme complémentaire à celle du couvercle 6 qui peut s'y insérer avec quelques points de contact, obtenus par exemple par compression lors de l'insertion. Notamment, il est possible de prévoir éventuellement un léger écartement, par exemple inférieure à 0,5 mm, entre capot 26 et couvercle 6.Advantageously, the
De préférence, le capot 26 recouvre également la zone de jonction 8, et la paroi latérale 30 est prolongée par une partie d'extrémité 34 de façon à ce que la longueur du capot 26 dépasse celle 7 du couvercle 6. La partie d'extrémité 34 peut être de diamètre interne supérieur à la paroi latérale 30 dans laquelle se loge le couvercle 6 pour prendre en compte le décalage formé par l'épaisseur du tube céramique 4, formant ainsi un rebord. Par ailleurs, comme le rebord d'extrémité 34 se met en place au niveau de la paroi céramique 4 et/ou de la brasure conductrice 8, c'est-à-dire dans une zone où les contraintes de champ sont les plus élevées, il peut être d'épaisseur supérieure à celle de la partie du capot 26 dans laquelle repose le couvercle 6. Par exemple, d'épaisseur générale de l'ordre de 0,5 mm, le capot diélectrique 26 peut comprendre une partie renflée d'extrémité 34 atteignant 2 mm d'épaisseur, sur une longueur de l'ordre de 18 mm au delà de la brasure 8.Preferably, the
De fait, le rebord 34 a une fonction différente du reste de la paroi latérale 30, et de la paroi de fond 28, du capot 26, qui sont associées à des parties de cuivre 6 d'épaisseur classiquement inférieure à 4 mm pour en augmenter l'inertie thermique : il s'agit ici plus particulièrement de servir de déflecteur. Le rebord 34 peut ainsi être plus éloigné de l'enveloppe 2, avec un espace entre la céramique 4 et le cuivre 34. Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, il est possible d'écarter volontairement le rebord 34 du capot 26 du tube en céramique 4, pour que l'époxy puisse s'insérer entre le grillage du capot 34 et la céramique 4 ; il peut alors être avantageux de mettre en place un joint 36 au niveau de la brasure 8, notamment pour couvrir les points saillants aux bornes des points triples de l'ampoule à vide 1.In fact, the
Pour éviter les effets de pointe et les zones de fragilité mécanique, si l'évidement interne peut comprendre des angles vifs, la surface externe du déflecteur 26 est lisse, avec des angles émoussés, arrondis ; le capot 26 est avantageusement axisymétrique, et sa forme externe est déterminée en fonction des contraintes mécaniques et diélectriques.To avoid peak effects and areas of mechanical weakness, if the internal recess may include sharp corners, the outer surface of the
Grâce à cette solution de mise en place de capots 26 déflecteurs grillagés, les résultats suivants sont obtenus :
- les champs électriques au point triple de l'ampoule à vide sont gérés de façon similaire à celle des déflecteurs standards qui
correspondent au rebord 34 ducapot 26 ; - le problème de fougère, initié par un écart thermique entre le couvercle 6, de faible épaisseur de cuivre, et la résine epoxy 22 est résolu ;
- la tenue au cycle thermique et donc la tenue dans le temps du pôle surmoulé 1 est améliorée ;
- l'adhérence de l'époxy au niveau de l'ensemble capot 26/
couvercle 6 est optimisée ; le capot 26 et le couvercle 6 créent une cage de Faraday, étant donné que le rebord 34 et la paroi latérale 30 sont au même potentiel diélectrique que le couvercle 6, ce qui augmente encore la fiabilité en cas de présence résiduelle de défaut dans l'époxy, la cage de Faraday confinant les décharges partielles entre capot 26et couvercle 6.
- the electric fields at the triple point of the vacuum interrupter are managed in a manner similar to that of the standard deflectors which correspond to the
rim 34 of thecover 26; - the fern problem, initiated by a thermal gap between the
lid 6, of small thickness of copper, and theepoxy resin 22 is solved; - the resistance to the thermal cycle and therefore the behavior in time of the overmolded pole 1 is improved;
- the adhesion of the epoxy at the
cover 26 /cover 6 assembly is optimized; - the
cover 26 and thecover 6 create a Faraday cage, since therim 34 and theside wall 30 are at the same dielectric potential as thecover 6, which further increases the reliability in the event of a residual presence of defect in the epoxy, the Faraday cage confining the partial discharges betweencover 26 andcover 6.
Ainsi de plus, dans un mode de réalisation préféré selon l'invention, il est possible de ne pas sabler la génératrice des couvercles d'ampoule à vide dans la zone protégée par la cage de Faraday constituée entre capot 26 et couvercle 6, ce qui permet de réaliser le sablage de la partie isolante 4 avant mise en place des éléments internes. Par exemple, un masque peut être utilisé, mais de fait, cette possibilité diminue les contraintes de rugosité sur le sablage, et notamment les vérifications à cet endroit, y compris quand le sablage est réalisé pour la totalité de l'enveloppe de la chambre à vide 2.Thus in addition, in a preferred embodiment according to the invention, it is possible not to sand the generatrix of the vacuum bulb covers in the zone protected by the Faraday cage formed between
La réalisation de l'ampoule peut ainsi comprendre les étapes suivantes :
- sablage de l'ampoule à vide 1 munie de ses deux couvercles 61, 62 ;
- assemblage de deux capots 261, 262 dont la forme épouse la forme des couvercles 61, 62, en grillage métallique sur la chambre 2, avantageusment avec logement de joints 36 en matière synthétique à l'intérieur des extrémités déflectrices 34 pour couvrir les points saillants aux bornes des points triples de l'ampoule à vide 1 et éviter toute amorce à la rupture ;
- nettoyage dans un bain à ultrasons pour éliminer toute trace de salissure, séchage ;
- préchauffage de l'assemblage à une température supérieure à la température du moule pendant une durée suffisante pour que l'assemblage ait une température proche de celle du moule afin d'optimiser la qualité du surmoulage - par exemple, l'assemblage est préchauffé à 170°C pendant plus d'une heure pour un moule chauffé à 150°C ;
- surmoulage de l'enveloppe 2 d'ampoule à vide 1 par la résine
epoxy 22, par exemple par gélification automatique sous pression APG (« Automatic Pressure Gelation ») maîtrisant le retrait de la résine et améliorant la compacité de l'époxy ; - sablage du pôle et métallisation 24.
- sandblasting of the vacuum bottle 1 provided with its two
6 1 , 6 2 ;covers - assembly of two
26 1 , 26 2 whose shape matches the shape of thecovers 6 1 , 6 2 , metal mesh on thecovers chamber 2, preferably with housing ofjoints 36 of synthetic material inside the deflector ends 34 to cover the salient points at the terminals of the triple points of the vacuum interrupter 1 and avoid any primer at break; - cleaning in an ultrasonic bath to remove all traces of soiling, drying;
- preheating the assembly to a temperature above the mold temperature for a time sufficient for the assembly to have a temperature close to that of the mold to optimize the quality of overmolding - for example, the assembly is preheated to 170 ° C for more than one hour for a mold heated to 150 ° C;
- over-molding of the
vacuum bag envelope 2 with theepoxy resin 22, for example by automatic pressure gelation APG (" Automatic Pressure Gelation ") controlling the removal of the resin and improving the compactness of the epoxy; - sandblasting of the pole and
metallization 24.
Il est ainsi possible de fabriquer un tableau compact avec un disjoncteur à vide dont les pôles sont issus d'une technologie d'isolation solide blindée. Malgré les contraintes diélectriques alors très élevées étant donné l'application de la tension sur une faible épaisseur d'isolation solide (en générale inférieure à 20 mm pour un pôle blindé de 17,5 kV), la tenue aux décharges partielles est assurée, et a minima conforme aux exigences y relatives.It is thus possible to manufacture a compact panel with a vacuum circuit breaker whose poles are derived from a shielded solid insulation technology. Despite the very high dielectric stresses given the application of the voltage to a small thickness of solid insulation (generally less than 20 mm for a shielded pole of 17.5 kV), the partial discharge resistance is ensured, and at least in accordance with the relevant requirements.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à une ampoule à vide dans laquelle les deux couvercles 61, 62 métalliques s'étendent longitudinalement pour prolonger l'espace tubulaire de la céramique, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres éléments peuvent être concernés par l'invention. En particulier, le tube céramique 4 pourrait n'être fermé que par un couvercle 6 ayant une paroi latérale 7, l'autre extrémité du tube 4 étant fermée par des moyens adaptés, auquel cas la présence d'un capot 26 à cette extrémité peut être superflue. Bien entendu, l'invention peut être appliquée à une enceinte longitudinale ne contenant pas de contacts mobiles relativement et servant par exemple de fusible.Although the invention has been described with reference to a vacuum interrupter in which the two
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1450950A FR3017486B1 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | DEFLECTOR FOR OVERMOUTED VACUUM BULB |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2905796A1 true EP2905796A1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
EP2905796B1 EP2905796B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
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ID=51483497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15150775.3A Active EP2905796B1 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-01-12 | Deflecting cover for overmoulded vacuum interrupter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2905796B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104835678B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2673248T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3017486B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112397338A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-02-23 | 西门子股份公司 | Ventilation insulation member for interrupter unit |
CN115841928A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-03-24 | 江苏省埃迪机电设备实业有限公司 | Multipurpose ultrahigh voltage breaker composite corrugated pipe assembly |
CN117340377A (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-01-05 | 武汉飞特电气有限公司 | Welding equipment and welding process for ceramic vacuum switch tube |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105679596B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-10-19 | 成都西沃克真空科技有限公司 | A kind of extra-high voltage vacuum insulation arrangement |
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- 2015-01-12 ES ES15150775.3T patent/ES2673248T3/en active Active
- 2015-01-12 EP EP15150775.3A patent/EP2905796B1/en active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115841928A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-03-24 | 江苏省埃迪机电设备实业有限公司 | Multipurpose ultrahigh voltage breaker composite corrugated pipe assembly |
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CN117340377B (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-02-09 | 武汉飞特电气有限公司 | Welding equipment and welding process for ceramic vacuum switch tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3017486A1 (en) | 2015-08-14 |
ES2673248T3 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
EP2905796B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
FR3017486B1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
CN104835678A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
CN104835678B (en) | 2020-01-17 |
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