EP2835812B1 - Vacuum bulb, breaker pole including such a vacuum bulb and methods for manufacturing such devices - Google Patents
Vacuum bulb, breaker pole including such a vacuum bulb and methods for manufacturing such devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2835812B1 EP2835812B1 EP14180036.7A EP14180036A EP2835812B1 EP 2835812 B1 EP2835812 B1 EP 2835812B1 EP 14180036 A EP14180036 A EP 14180036A EP 2835812 B1 EP2835812 B1 EP 2835812B1
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- chamber
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- vacuum bulb
- silicone
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
- H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
- H01H2033/66269—Details relating to the materials used for screens in vacuum switches
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49105—Switch making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter which is intended to be used in an electric power cut-off device.
- the present invention also relates to an electrical current cut-off device comprising at least one such vacuum interrupter, this device possibly being a circuit-breaker pole or a switch, this device operating, in particular, at medium voltage.
- the present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing such a vacuum bulb and to a method of manufacturing such a circuit breaker pole.
- a vacuum interrupter is an element of an electric power cut-off device used in equipment and equipment operating especially at medium voltage, in particular between 1 and 75 kV.
- a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and, where appropriate, at least one metal shielding screen.
- the sealed chamber of the vacuum interrupter comprises a cylindrical body closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
- the cylindrical body of the vacuum chamber is made of a dielectric material, formerly made of glass and today made of ceramic and, in particular, of alumina while the metal covers are conventionally made of copper or stainless steel.
- the vacuum interrupter further comprises a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber to be electrically insulated.
- This dielectric coating may consist of a so-called overmould layer, made of an electrically insulating synthetic material. This is commonly called an overmoulded vacuum bulb.
- This dielectric synthetic material may be an elastomeric material, but also a polymer material of the thermosetting polymer or thermoplastic polymer type.
- the overmolding layer is thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, it ensures the mechanical strength of the vacuum bulb during its operation, in addition to its electrical insulation.
- the document EP 0 866 481 referenced [1] at the end of the present description, describes a vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum chamber coated with an overmolding layer made of epoxy polymer and a continuous intermediate layer interposed between the outer surface of the chamber and this overmoulding layer.
- This intermediate layer is in the form of a tube and is put in place, by threading said tube whose diameter is maintained greater than the diameter. outside the cylindrical body, on the outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum bulb.
- This intermediate layer is made of an elastic material which may be an elastomeric material of the ethylene-propylene copolymer (in English, ethylene-propylene monomer or EPM) or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer or EPDM).
- This elastic material can also be a silicone rubber.
- this continuous intermediate layer is not completely integrated or covered by the overmoulding layer, to allow it to expand under the effect of temperature increases of the vacuum bulb.
- the vacuum bulb described in document [1] therefore has structural constraints which must be taken into account to allow expansion of the intermediate layer.
- the associated manufacturing process is complicated to integrate one or the other of these structural constraints and this, for each structure of vacuum bulbs considered.
- the overmold layer of epoxy polymer is then made such that the stretched silicone rubber sleeve is compressed by said overmould layer.
- the compression of the sleeve is, however, limited by the presence of an opening in the chamber of the vacuum bulb which allows expansion of the sleeve.
- this document [2] describes a process which is relatively heavy industrially speaking, fact of the need to implement a vacuum distributor for the establishment of this intermediate layer.
- this intermediate layer is in the form of a sleeve of predetermined dimensions which must of course be adapted to the diameter of the chamber of vacuum bulbs intended to receive a coating as described in this document [2] .
- Such constraints are, therefore, not compatible with streamlined production.
- the compression of the overmoulding layer on the silicone rubber sleeve does not provide a sufficiently tight interface between these two layers. This is particularly detrimental in the case where the dielectric coating of the vacuum bottle is itself coated with an electrically conductive layer, called the shielding layer, allowing the grounding of the outside of the light bulb. empty.
- the inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of designing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, comprising a dielectric coating and having improved thermomechanical and aging behavior. thus permitting prolonged use over time of this vacuum ampoule, the risks of cracking in the overmoulding layer, but also in the cylindrical body of the vacuum ampoule itself, with the risks of loss of vacuum being significantly reduced, even eliminated, under the effect of thermal variations.
- the vacuum bottle must be able to be manufactured without it being necessary to resort to a more or less arbitrary limitation of the volume of silicone to be used for producing the intermediate layer relative to the total volume that could occupy this layer intermediary, or to make an opening in the chamber of the vacuum interrupter, which constitutes a real industrial and technical constraint and which, in the case where an opening is made, is also not satisfactory with regard to the risk of contamination by the external environment of the vacuum bulb as mentioned above.
- the injection molding step of a liquid silicone elastomer which requires the implementation of high pressures to obtain the optimum characteristics of the silicone used, can not be carried out on any type of chamber of vacuum bulbs. . This is particularly the case when the said chamber contains covers of a soft metallic material (copper type) and of large surface area which are deformed during this high-pressure injection stage.
- the inventors have also set themselves the goal of designing a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmoulded vacuum lamp, which can be used on any type of vacuum interrupter, whatever the shape, dimensions and material of some of its constituent elements such as the chamber and, in particular, the shape, dimensions and material of the metal covers of said chamber.
- a vacuum interrupter of the aforementioned type which comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said vacuum bottle further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber, said coating comprising at least two layers, the first layer called overmolding layer being made of a synthetic material, and a second layer called intermediate layer being made of silicone, said intermediate layer being interposed between the outer surface of the chamber and the overmolding layer.
- the intermediate layer is discontinuous and localized on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts, in this case the outer surface of the metal covers, including the edge, or interface zone, between the metal parts and the dielectric material of the cylindrical body, the silicone of the intermediate layer comprising hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having an envelope made of a thermoplastic material.
- the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer are compressed to counter the effects caused by the expansion.
- thermal action occurring in the intermediate layer when the latter is trapped in an enclosed space, under the effect of temperature increases of the components of the vacuum bulb and, in particular, the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer is located on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts.
- this intermediate layer is located on these metal parts so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
- the location of the intermediate layer so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from the metal parts, or even the entirety of the external surface of these metal parts of the sealed chamber of the light bulb.
- the effect of the vacuum is that these metal parts are no longer in direct contact with the overmoulding layer. Consequently, these locations of the intermediate layer limit or even prevent the formation of cracks in this overmoulding layer during temperature variations occurring in the vacuum bulb.
- the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer absorb this expansion and therefore, this thermomechanical stress, effectively limiting its impact on the overmoulding layer and on the cylindrical body of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention.
- the sizing of the discontinuous intermediate layer located on the metal parts of the chamber can of course be adapted according to the structural characteristics of the vacuum interrupter and the various elements that compose it, so that it does not occur. form any crack, either in the overmoulding layer or in the cylindrical body of the chamber, nor any tear in said intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer covers a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body of the chamber in addition to covering the outer surface of the metal parts at least at their edge in junction with the dielectric material.
- Such a discontinuous intermediate layer also makes it possible to limit the manufacturing costs of a vacuum interrupter since the particular silicone used for the production of this intermediate layer can only be located on the outer surface of the parts. the parts which are responsible for the formation of cracks in the overmoulding layer, in particular when these metallic parts of the chamber have protruding parts, ie elements making protruding from these metal parts.
- the intermediate layer also covers a portion of the outer surface of the sealed chamber, and in particular a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body located in the continuity of the outer surface of these metal elements, but without covering the entire outer surface of the sealed chamber, for obvious reasons of cost.
- the hollow bodies are microspheres which have, for example, a mean diameter of between 1 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, advantageously between 10 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m.
- thermoplastic material of the shell of the hollow bodies is chosen so that it allows to imprison gas bubbles.
- Such hollow bodies, or microspheres are in particular available from AkzoNobel under the trade name Expancel ® DE. It may in particular implement the commercial reference ® microspheres Expancel 920 DET 40 d25.
- a compressible silicone from several available is especially sold by the company Wacker under the tradename Elastosil ® RT 713.
- the interface between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber is sealed. There is, therefore, no free space between the outer surface of the chamber and the intermediate layer, between the intermediate layer and the overmold layer and between the outer surface of the chamber which, not being contact with the intermittent interlayer, the is with the over-molding layer.
- Such an interface is obtained in particular with excellent adhesion between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber, which results in the absence of residual spaces between the coating and the outer surface may contain air.
- Such a sealed interface contributes to strengthening the thermomechanical behavior of the vacuum bottle according to the invention.
- the vacuum bulb comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other.
- the sealed chamber of the vacuum bulb in which a low pressure reigns, comprises a cylindrical body of material dielectric and two metal covers that close the cylindrical body at its ends.
- the connections between the metal covers and the cylindrical body are advantageously made by welding or brazing.
- Each of the chamber covers is connected to one of the electrical contacts mentioned above.
- one of the two electrical contacts is fixed while the other is mobile.
- the mobility of this electrical contact is provided by a metal bellows which also seals the sealed chamber.
- the vacuum bulb may further comprise at least one metal shield disposed within the sealed chamber and attached to this chamber.
- This screen has the main role of protecting the internal surface of the cylindrical body of liquid metal vapors and metal projections generated by the arc produced between the two electrical contacts during the power failure.
- This screen can be mechanically and electrically fixed to the metal cover to which the fixed electrical contact is connected.
- This screen can also be mechanically fixed at an intermediate point of the cylindrical body, without electrical connection with one or the other of the metal covers.
- the cylindrical body comprises at least a first and a second part and the metal protective screen is fixed to the chamber by fastening means interposed between these first and second parts.
- These fixing means may be formed by a shoulder of revolution formed on said metal shield, for example by machining or stamping. These fixing means may also be formed by a cylindrical metal part, such as a circular ring, this part being brazed or welded to the first and second parts of the cylindrical body.
- a cylindrical metal part such as a circular ring, this part being brazed or welded to the first and second parts of the cylindrical body.
- the intermediate layer of the coating is further located on said means fastening so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
- the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum bulb is made of a dielectric material.
- This dielectric material is advantageously ceramic and, in particular, alumina, this material can be enamelled.
- the metal lids of the chamber of the vacuum bulb may in particular be made of copper or stainless steel.
- These covers may be shaped to have a smooth outer surface with blunt or rounded corners towards the outer surface of the chamber.
- covers may also include one or more elements protruding from these covers, such as shoulders, more or less protruding towards the outer surface of the chamber, such shoulders being generally considered to constitute edges or areas of weakness to the origin of cracking in the over-molding layer.
- the intermediate layer of the dielectric coating being located on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts and in particular of these metal covers, preferably at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts and, preferably, at least the entirety of this outer surface of these metal parts, these projections or shoulders do not generate any risk of additional cracking. It is therefore not necessary to provide, in the structure of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, the addition of nested protective covers on the metal covers and protecting their junction zone with the cylindrical body, as described in the document WO 2009/106731 , referenced [6] .
- the overmolding layer of the coating of the vacuum bottle according to the invention is in turn thermosetting polymer, preferably epoxy polymer.
- the vacuum bulb may further comprise a shielding layer disposed on the dielectric coating.
- This shielding layer which allows the grounding of the outside of the vacuum bottle, is a layer made of an electrically conductive material according to known methods and devices.
- the invention relates, secondly, a device for breaking the medium voltage electrical current.
- this electric power cut-off device comprises at least one vacuum bulb as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination.
- the bulb is connected, via its two electrical contacts, to the electrical connections of said electric power cut-off device.
- This electric power cut-off device can in particular be a circuit breaker pole, or a switch, medium voltage.
- the invention relates to a circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum lamp, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer and, if appropriate, by the shielding layer.
- the invention relates, fourthly, to a method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb as defined above and whose advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter comprising a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and possibly at least one metal shielding screen arranged inside the chamber and fixed thereto, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said bulb to vacuum further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber.
- the silicone elastomer composition further comprises a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said composition of silicone elastomer.
- the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
- the method according to the invention does not implement a molding step by injecting a liquid silicone elastomer to produce the silicone intermediate layer.
- the embodiment of the intermediate layer does not involve the application of high pressures, detrimental to certain configurations of metal covers of the chamber of the vacuum bottle, the method according to the invention can be envisaged for the manufacture of any type of Vacuum bulb, regardless of the shape, dimensions and / or the metal of the lids of the sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb.
- the deposition of the silicone elastomer composition may, for example, be done by means of a gun.
- This deposit is further located on the metal parts of the sealed chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts.
- This deposit is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
- the amount of the silicone elastomer composition is therefore necessarily reduced with respect to the amount necessary for producing a continuous interlayer in the present method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb.
- step (a) There is nothing to preclude considering, after step (a) and before step (b), the application of a layer of primer on the outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum interrupter. to improve, if necessary, the adhesion of the intermediate layer and / or the overmoulding layer to this external surface.
- the method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter according to the invention furthermore comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one protective metal screen in the chamber, this screen being attached thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably so as to cover at least the entire surface external of said fixing means.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole as described above, this circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above and of which the advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination, and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer.
- the silicone elastomer composition comprises in addition, a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said silicone elastomer composition.
- the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
- step (b) is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the external surface of the elements projecting from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of said metal parts.
- the method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture a circuit breaker pole whose structural constraints imposed by its final form are taken into account.
- the embodiment of the overmolding layer last, after assembly of the various constituent elements of the circuit breaker pole among which the overmolded vacuum bulb characterized by its particular intermediate layer, discontinuous and localized in a silicone comprising compressible hollow bodies such as that defined above, allows to meet the thermomechanical constraints generated by the manufacture of the breaker pole and those generated by its use, particularly when subjected to significant thermal stresses.
- the method of manufacturing a breaker pole according to the invention further comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one metal shielding screen in the chamber, this screen being fixed thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably covering at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
- circuit breaker poles one of which includes a vacuum bulb according to the invention.
- This detailed description also refers to a method of manufacturing an overmoulded vacuum bulb according to the invention.
- this description includes an evaluation of the resistance to cracking and the dielectric strength of three overmolded vacuum bulbs, including one according to the invention, before and after thermal stresses.
- This circuit breaker pole 1 is formed by assembling a vacuum bulb 2 and two electrically conductive connections, a lower connection 3 and an upper connection 3 '.
- the vacuum bottle 2 comprises a sealed chamber 4 in which there is preferably a controlled low pressure of air or other dielectric fluid, also called "vacuum".
- the sealed chamber 4 comprises a cylindrical body 5, formed by two parts 5a and 5b made of a dielectric material, preferably ceramic, in particular alumina, the ceramic possibly being enamelled. This material of the cylindrical body 5 could also be glass.
- the cylindrical body 5 is closed at its ends by metal covers 6, 6 'which are sealingly secured to the cylindrical body 5, for example by brazing or welding.
- the metal covers 6, 6 ' may have projecting edges 6a, 6'a extending from their respective outer surfaces.
- the chamber 4 further comprises two electrical contacts 7, 7 'movable relative to each other and along the axis of the vacuum bulb 1.
- the electrical contact 7' is fixed and secured. 6 'of the metal cover while the electrical contact 7 is axially movable and connected to the metal cover 6.
- a sealing bellows 8 is arranged .
- the sealed chamber 4 further comprises a protective metal screen 9 disposed inside the sealed chamber 4 and fixed thereto, the function of which is to protect the cylindrical body 5 from liquid metal vapors and metal projections from the arc phase produced between the electrical contacts 7, 7 'during the breaking of the electric current.
- the protective metal screen 9 is supported by a circular ring 10 fixed, for example by brazing, between the parts 5a and 5b of the cylindrical body 5.
- the circuit breaker pole 1 is coated with a dielectric coating 12 comprising two layers, an intermediate layer 13 and a layer of overmolding 14 of a synthetic material.
- the overmolding layer 14 is disposed on the intermediate layer 13, so that there is no free space between this intermediate layer 13 and this overmolding layer 14. It is said that the interface between the dielectric coating 12 and the outer surface of the chamber 4 is sealed.
- the intermediate layer 13 is a discontinuous layer and located on the metal parts of the sealed chamber 4 so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts.
- at least the protruding parts of the metal parts are completely covered, as well as the edges of said metal parts junction with the dielectric material of the cylindrical body 5.
- the intermediate layer 13 at least partially covers the outer surface of the metal parts 6, 6 'and 10.
- the intermediate layer 13 is located on the outer surface of the metal covers 6, 6' and on the outer surface of the circular ring 10 of the protective metal screen 9, that is to say at the surfaces or areas of the overmolding layer 14 which are sensitive to cracking.
- this intermediate layer 13 is made of a particular silicone. Indeed, this silicone comprises hollow bodies which are compressible and which comprise an envelope made of a thermoplastic material.
- the dielectric coating 12 may itself be covered by an electrically conductive, so-called shielding layer (not shown).
- Such a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two electrical contacts and a protective metal screen but is devoid of dielectric coating.
- the sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb is formed of a cylindrical body comprising two ceramic parts and closed by two metal covers having projecting edges.
- the sealed chamber further comprises a cylindrical metal ring secured to the two ceramic parts, this ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen.
- the outer surface of the particles is deposited on the outside surface.
- metal covers of the chamber and on the outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen cords or strips of a so-called "high compressibility" silicone elastomer and marketed by Wacker under the commercial designation Elastosil ® RT 713.
- This deposit is made in such a way that the entire outer surface of the metal covers as well as the entire outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring are covered by the silicone elastomer.
- These silicone cords are in the form of truncated torus whose radius is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
- Such a deposit on the metal surfaces of the sealed chamber makes it possible to cover all the zones or metal parts of the outer surface of this sealed chamber and, in so doing, to cover any protruding edges of the metal covers as well as the "triple point" ceramic, the triple point corresponding to the junction zone between the two ceramic parts of the cylindrical body and the cylindrical metal ring.
- the metal parts are only partially covered by the intermediate layer.
- the zones or metal parts having no projecting angle do not need to be imperatively coated.
- the deposit can be made in such a way that the zones or portions of the outer surface of the cylindrical body, which abut these metal surfaces formed by the metal covers and the metal cylindrical ring, are also covered by this silicone elastomer. Even if the case is however, there is no interest in depositing a continuous intermediate layer on the entire outer surface of the cylindrical body, especially for economic reasons.
- the vacuum bottle coated with the silicone elastomer beads is then cleaned again, for example by means of isopropanol, in order to remove the foreign bodies and thus to improve the subsequent adhesion of the overmolding layer. It is then deposited in an oven at a temperature between 160 ° C and 170 ° for 2 hours, to allow crosslinking of the silicone elastomer.
- the vacuum bottle coated with cords or strips of silicone is placed in a mold which is then closed and whose temperature is increased and maintained at 150 ° C throughout the molding cycle; the dimensions of the mold are such that the filling of the space remaining between the vacuum bottle and the mold with the chosen material makes it possible to obtain a compact overmolding layer of desired thickness.
- Injection molding is then carried out, preferably by means of the automatic pressure gelling process, to form the overmolding layer.
- a mixture comprising epoxy monomers, a hardener and a mineral filler is injected, under an injection pressure of between 1 bar and 1.5 bar, a mixture which is marketed by Huntsman under the name commercial Araldite ® CY 225 / HY 225 (hardener) / silica flour, and wherein these compounds are in respective weight proportions of 100/80/270.
- a so-called "gelling" pressure of 6 bar maximum is then applied during a cycle time of 22 min, before opening of the mold and extraction of the vacuum bottle.
- the post-baking of the overmolded vacuum bulb comprising the chamber, the electrical contacts and the dielectric coating formed of the intermediate layer and the overmoulding layer is provided by heating the mold at 145 ° C for 220 min, then at 130 ° C for 44 min and finally at 80 ° C for 44 min.
- vacuum bulbs have two metal lids, on which were successively deposited a discontinuous intermediate layer and localized according to the characteristics of the invention and then the same layer of overmolding epoxy polymer. If for these three vacuum bulbs, the overmolding layer is identical both in composition and thickness, the intermediate layer of the same thickness has, for its part, been made from three different silicones.
- the materials used for producing the intermediate layers and overmolding are as follows:
- Temperatures (T) as a function of time (t) applied at the rate of 2 ° C per minute are given in Tables 1 and 2 below and illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 , respectively, the ambient temperature (Tamb) being further specified in these figures.
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Description
La présente invention se rapporte à une ampoule à vide qui est destinée à être utilisée dans un dispositif de coupure de courant électrique.The present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter which is intended to be used in an electric power cut-off device.
La présente invention se rapporte également à un dispositif de coupure de courant électrique comprenant au moins une telle ampoule à vide, ce dispositif pouvant notamment être un pôle de disjoncteur ou un interrupteur, ce dispositif fonctionnant, en particulier, à moyenne tension.The present invention also relates to an electrical current cut-off device comprising at least one such vacuum interrupter, this device possibly being a circuit-breaker pole or a switch, this device operating, in particular, at medium voltage.
La présente invention se rapporte enfin à un procédé de fabrication d'une telle ampoule à vide ainsi qu'à un procédé de fabrication d'un tel pôle de disjoncteur.The present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing such a vacuum bulb and to a method of manufacturing such a circuit breaker pole.
Une ampoule à vide est un élément d'un dispositif de coupure de courant électrique utilisé dans des appareillages et des équipements fonctionnant notamment à moyenne tension, en particulier entre 1 et 75 kV.A vacuum interrupter is an element of an electric power cut-off device used in equipment and equipment operating especially at medium voltage, in particular between 1 and 75 kV.
En général, une ampoule à vide comprend une chambre étanche, deux contacts électriques mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre et, le cas échéant, au moins un écran métallique de protection. La chambre étanche de l'ampoule à vide comprend un corps cylindrique fermé à ses extrémités par deux couvercles métalliques, chacun de ces couvercles étant relié à l'un des contacts électriques de l'ampoule à vide.In general, a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and, where appropriate, at least one metal shielding screen. The sealed chamber of the vacuum interrupter comprises a cylindrical body closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
Le corps cylindrique de la chambre à vide est en un matériau diélectrique, autrefois en verre et aujourd'hui réalisé en céramique et, en particulier, en alumine tandis que les couvercles métalliques sont classiquement réalisés en cuivre ou en inox.The cylindrical body of the vacuum chamber is made of a dielectric material, formerly made of glass and today made of ceramic and, in particular, of alumina while the metal covers are conventionally made of copper or stainless steel.
L'ampoule à vide comprend en outre un revêtement diélectrique qui recouvre la surface externe de la chambre pour être isolée électriquement.The vacuum interrupter further comprises a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber to be electrically insulated.
Ce revêtement diélectrique peut être constitué par une couche dite couche de surmoulage, réalisée en un matériau synthétique électriquement isolant. On parle alors couramment d'une ampoule à vide surmoulée.This dielectric coating may consist of a so-called overmould layer, made of an electrically insulating synthetic material. This is commonly called an overmoulded vacuum bulb.
Ce matériau synthétique diélectrique peut être un matériau élastomère, mais également un matériau polymère du type polymère thermodurcissable ou polymère thermoplastique. Ainsi, lorsque la couche de surmoulage est en polymère thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, elle assure la tenue mécanique de l'ampoule à vide au cours de son fonctionnement, en plus de son isolation électrique.This dielectric synthetic material may be an elastomeric material, but also a polymer material of the thermosetting polymer or thermoplastic polymer type. Thus, when the overmolding layer is thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, it ensures the mechanical strength of the vacuum bulb during its operation, in addition to its electrical insulation.
On observe toutefois que les matériaux utilisés pour réaliser la chambre étanche d'une ampoule à vide et la couche de surmoulage ont des coefficients de dilatation thermique très différents. Par conséquent, lorsque ces différents matériaux se retrouvent en contact et que l'ampoule à vide subit des sollicitations thermiques dues, par exemple, à la température environnante ou à des échauffements des éléments électriquement conducteurs, et notamment des couvercles métalliques, des fissures apparaissent dans certains des matériaux constitutifs de l'ampoule à vide surmoulée, en particulier au niveau de l'interface entre les éléments métalliques de la chambre et la couche de surmoulage.However, it is observed that the materials used to produce the sealed chamber of a vacuum ampoule and the overmolding layer have very different coefficients of thermal expansion. Consequently, when these different materials come into contact and when the vacuum interrupter undergoes thermal stresses due, for example, to the surrounding temperature or to heating of the electrically conductive elements, and in particular metal covers, cracks appear in some of the materials constituting the overmolded vacuum bulb, in particular at the interface between the metal elements of the chamber and the overmoulding layer.
Pour limiter la formation de telles fissures, il est connu d'interposer, entre la surface externe de la chambre étanche et la couche de surmoulage, une couche intermédiaire dont le but est de compenser les différences de dilatation thermique de la couche de surmoulage et des éléments constitutifs de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide, notamment lors des variations de température de cette dernière.To limit the formation of such cracks, it is known to interpose, between the outer surface of the sealed chamber and the overmoulding layer, an intermediate layer whose purpose is to compensate for the differences in thermal expansion of the overmoulding layer and components of the chamber of the vacuum bulb, especially during temperature changes thereof.
Ainsi, le document
L'ampoule à vide décrite dans le document [1] présente donc des contraintes structurelles dont il y a lieu de tenir compte pour permettre l'expansion de la couche intermédiaire. Le procédé de fabrication associé se complexifie pour intégrer l'une ou l'autre de ces contraintes structurelles et ce, pour chaque structure d'ampoules à vide considérée.The vacuum bulb described in document [1] therefore has structural constraints which must be taken into account to allow expansion of the intermediate layer. The associated manufacturing process is complicated to integrate one or the other of these structural constraints and this, for each structure of vacuum bulbs considered.
En outre, dans le cas où l'on pratique une ouverture dans la chambre de l'ampoule à vide pour permettre l'expansion du matériau, ce dernier se trouve alors au contact de l'environnement extérieur de l'ampoule à vide et donc sujet à contamination par les pollutions présentes dans cet environnement, telles que l'humidité, les poussières ou encore les gaz comme l'hexafluorure de soufre SF6 ou le dioxyde de soufre SO2. Une telle contamination peut provoquer le vieillissement prématuré du matériau de la couche intermédiaire et, notamment, la perte de ses propriétés diélectriques et/ou de ses propriétés mécaniques (perte de résilience et d'adhérence, notamment avec la couche de surmoulage).In addition, in the case where an opening is made in the chamber of the vacuum bulb to allow the expansion of the material, the latter is then in contact with the external environment of the vacuum bottle and therefore subject to contamination by pollution present in this environment, such as moisture, dust or gases such as sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 or SO 2 sulfur dioxide. Such contamination can cause the premature aging of the material of the intermediate layer and, in particular, the loss of its dielectric properties and / or its mechanical properties (loss of resilience and adhesion, especially with the overmoulding layer).
Le document
En plus de recourir à la réalisation d'une ouverture dans la chambre de l'ampoule à vide pour permettre l'expansion de la couche intermédiaire en caoutchouc de silicone, ce document [2] décrit un procédé qui est relativement lourd industriellement parlant, du fait de la nécessité de mettre en oeuvre un distributeur à vide pour la mise en place de cette couche intermédiaire. De surcroît, cette couche intermédiaire se présente sous forme d'un manchon de dimensions prédéterminées qui doivent bien entendu être adaptées au diamètre de la chambre des ampoules à vide destinées à recevoir un revêtement tel que décrit dans ce document [2]. De telles contraintes ne sont, par conséquent, pas compatibles avec une production rationalisée.In addition to making an opening in the chamber of the vacuum bottle to allow expansion of the intermediate layer of silicone rubber, this document [2] describes a process which is relatively heavy industrially speaking, fact of the need to implement a vacuum distributor for the establishment of this intermediate layer. In addition, this intermediate layer is in the form of a sleeve of predetermined dimensions which must of course be adapted to the diameter of the chamber of vacuum bulbs intended to receive a coating as described in this document [2] . Such constraints are, therefore, not compatible with streamlined production.
Par ailleurs, la compression de la couche de surmoulage sur le manchon en caoutchouc de silicone ne permet pas d'assurer une interface suffisamment étanche entre ces deux couches. Ceci est en particulier préjudiciable dans le cas où le revêtement diélectrique de l'ampoule à vide est lui-même revêtu d'une couche électriquement conductrice, dite couche de blindage, permettant la mise à la terre de l'extérieur de l'ampoule à vide.Furthermore, the compression of the overmoulding layer on the silicone rubber sleeve does not provide a sufficiently tight interface between these two layers. This is particularly detrimental in the case where the dielectric coating of the vacuum bottle is itself coated with an electrically conductive layer, called the shielding layer, allowing the grounding of the outside of the light bulb. empty.
Le document
Les inventeurs se sont donc fixé comme but de concevoir une ampoule à vide, notamment une ampoule à vide surmoulée, comprenant un revêtement diélectrique et présentant des tenues thermomécanique et au vieillissement améliorées permettant ainsi une utilisation prolongée dans le temps de cette ampoule à vide, les risques de fissuration dans la couche de surmoulage, mais également dans le corps cylindrique même de l'ampoule à vide avec les risques liés de perte du vide, étant nettement diminués, voire supprimés, sous l'effet des variations thermiques. En particulier, l'ampoule à vide doit pouvoir être fabriquée sans qu'il soit nécessaire de recourir à une limitation plus ou moins arbitraire du volume de silicone à utiliser pour la réalisation de la couche intermédiaire par rapport au volume total que pourrait occuper cette couche intermédiaire, ou à la réalisation d'une ouverture dans la chambre de l'ampoule à vide, qui constitue une réelle contrainte industrielle et technique et qui, dans le cas où une ouverture est pratiquée, n'est en outre pas satisfaisante au regard des risque de contamination par l'environnement extérieur de l'ampoule à vide tels que mentionnés ci-dessus.The inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of designing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, comprising a dielectric coating and having improved thermomechanical and aging behavior. thus permitting prolonged use over time of this vacuum ampoule, the risks of cracking in the overmoulding layer, but also in the cylindrical body of the vacuum ampoule itself, with the risks of loss of vacuum being significantly reduced, even eliminated, under the effect of thermal variations. In particular, the vacuum bottle must be able to be manufactured without it being necessary to resort to a more or less arbitrary limitation of the volume of silicone to be used for producing the intermediate layer relative to the total volume that could occupy this layer intermediary, or to make an opening in the chamber of the vacuum interrupter, which constitutes a real industrial and technical constraint and which, in the case where an opening is made, is also not satisfactory with regard to the risk of contamination by the external environment of the vacuum bulb as mentioned above.
Une autre solution actuelle de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide comprend les étapes successives suivantes :
- l'assemblage du corps cylindrique avec ses deux couvercles munis chacun d'un contact électrique pour former la chambre de l'ampoule à vide,
- éventuellement, l'application d'une couche de primaire d'accrochage sur toute la surface externe de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide,
- le moulage par injection d'un élastomère de silicone liquide (en anglais Liquid Silicon Rubber ou LSR en abrégé) pour former une couche de silicone sur toute la surface externe de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide, le cas échéant revêtue de la couche de primaire d'accrochage,
- le moulage par injection au moyen du procédé de gélification sous pression automatique ou GPA (en anglais, Automatic Pressure Gelation ou APG en abrégé) du polymère époxyde sur la couche de silicone.
- the assembly of the cylindrical body with its two lids each provided with an electrical contact to form the chamber of the vacuum bulb,
- optionally, the application of a layer of primer on the entire outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum bulb,
- injection molding of a liquid silicone elastomer (in English Liquid Silicon Rubber or LSR abbreviated) to form a silicone layer over the entire outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum bottle, optionally coated with the layer primer,
- injection molding by means of the automatic pressure gelation (GPA) method (in English, Automatic Pressure Gelation or APG for short) of the epoxy polymer on the silicone layer.
Or, l'étape de moulage par injection d'un élastomère de silicone liquide, qui requiert la mise en oeuvre de pressions élevées pour obtenir les caractéristiques optimales du silicone utilisé, ne peut pas être réalisée sur tout type de chambre d'ampoules à vide. C'est notamment le cas lorsque ladite chambre comporte des couvercles en un matériau métallique mou (type cuivre) et de surface importante qui se trouvent être déformés lors de cette étape d'injection à haute pression.However, the injection molding step of a liquid silicone elastomer, which requires the implementation of high pressures to obtain the optimum characteristics of the silicone used, can not be carried out on any type of chamber of vacuum bulbs. . This is particularly the case when the said chamber contains covers of a soft metallic material (copper type) and of large surface area which are deformed during this high-pressure injection stage.
Les inventeurs se sont également fixé comme but de concevoir un procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide, notamment une ampoule à vide surmoulée, qui puisse être mis en oeuvre sur tout type d'ampoule à vide, quelles que soient la forme, les dimensions et la matière de certains de ses éléments constitutifs comme la chambre et, en particulier, la forme, les dimensions et la matière des couvercles métalliques de ladite chambre.The inventors have also set themselves the goal of designing a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmoulded vacuum lamp, which can be used on any type of vacuum interrupter, whatever the shape, dimensions and material of some of its constituent elements such as the chamber and, in particular, the shape, dimensions and material of the metal covers of said chamber.
Les buts précédemment énoncés ainsi que d'autres sont atteints, en premier lieu, par une ampoule à vide du type précité qui comprend une chambre étanche et deux contacts électriques mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre, ladite chambre comprenant un corps cylindrique en un matériau diélectrique fermé à ses extrémités par deux couvercles métalliques, chacun de ces couvercles étant relié à l'un des contacts électriques, ladite ampoule à vide comprenant en outre un revêtement diélectrique qui recouvre la surface externe de la chambre, ce revêtement comprenant au moins deux couches, la première couche dite couche de surmoulage étant réalisée en un matériau synthétique, et une deuxième couche dite couche intermédiaire étant réalisée en silicone, ladite couche intermédiaire étant interposée entre la surface externe de la chambre et la couche de surmoulage.The aforementioned and other objects are attained, in the first place, by a vacuum interrupter of the aforementioned type which comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said vacuum bottle further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber, said coating comprising at least two layers, the first layer called overmolding layer being made of a synthetic material, and a second layer called intermediate layer being made of silicone, said intermediate layer being interposed between the outer surface of the chamber and the overmolding layer.
Selon l'invention, la couche intermédiaire est discontinue et localisée sur les parties métalliques de la chambre de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques, en l'espèce la surface externe des couvercles métalliques, dont notamment le bord, ou zone d'interface, entre les parties métalliques et le matériau diélectrique du corps cylindrique, le silicone de la couche intermédiaire comprenant des corps creux, ces corps creux étant compressibles et ayant une enveloppe en un matériau thermoplastique.According to the invention, the intermediate layer is discontinuous and localized on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts, in this case the outer surface of the metal covers, including the edge, or interface zone, between the metal parts and the dielectric material of the cylindrical body, the silicone of the intermediate layer comprising hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having an envelope made of a thermoplastic material.
Ainsi, les corps creux présents dans le silicone de la couche intermédiaire se compriment pour contrer les effets engendrés par la dilatation thermique se produisant dans la couche intermédiaire, lorsque cette dernière est emprisonnée dans un espace clos, sous l'effet des montées en température des éléments constitutifs de l'ampoule à vide et, notamment, de la couche intermédiaire.Thus, the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer are compressed to counter the effects caused by the expansion. thermal action occurring in the intermediate layer, when the latter is trapped in an enclosed space, under the effect of temperature increases of the components of the vacuum bulb and, in particular, the intermediate layer.
De ce fait, il n'est plus nécessaire de limiter artificiellement le volume de silicone par rapport au volume total que pourrait occuper la couche intermédiaire ou de pratiquer une ouverture, par exemple à l'une des extrémités de la chambre, pour permettre l'expansion de cette couche intermédiaire. Ceci a pour avantage d'éviter toute dégradation prématurée du matériau de la couche intermédiaire, puisque ce matériau ne se trouve pas en contact avec l'environnement extérieur de l'ampoule à vide et ses éventuelles pollutions, et donc de conférer, à l'ampoule à vide selon l'invention, une tenue thermomécanique et une tenue au vieillissement améliorées.Therefore, it is no longer necessary to artificially limit the volume of silicone relative to the total volume that could occupy the intermediate layer or to make an opening, for example at one end of the chamber, to allow the expansion of this intermediate layer. This has the advantage of avoiding any premature degradation of the material of the intermediate layer, since this material is not in contact with the external environment of the vacuum bottle and its possible pollution, and therefore to confer, to the vacuum bulb according to the invention, improved thermomechanical behavior and aging resistance.
Avantageusement, la couche intermédiaire est localisée sur les parties métalliques de la chambre de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe des éléments faisant saillie de ces parties métalliques.Advantageously, the intermediate layer is located on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts.
Préférentiellement, cette couche intermédiaire est localisée sur ces parties métalliques de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdites parties métalliques.Preferably, this intermediate layer is located on these metal parts so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
Ainsi, la localisation de la couche intermédiaire de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe des éléments faisant saillie des parties métalliques, voire l'intégralité de la surface externe de ces parties métalliques de la chambre étanche de l'ampoule à vide a pour effet que ces parties métalliques ne sont plus intégralement en contact direct avec la couche de surmoulage. Par conséquent, ces localisations de la couche intermédiaire limitent voire empêchent la formation de fissures dans cette couche de surmoulage lors des variations de températures se produisant dans l'ampoule à vide.Thus, the location of the intermediate layer so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from the metal parts, or even the entirety of the external surface of these metal parts of the sealed chamber of the light bulb. The effect of the vacuum is that these metal parts are no longer in direct contact with the overmoulding layer. Consequently, these locations of the intermediate layer limit or even prevent the formation of cracks in this overmoulding layer during temperature variations occurring in the vacuum bulb.
Alors que la dilatation de la couche intermédiaire engendre une contrainte thermomécanique sur la couche de surmoulage et sur le corps cylindrique de la chambre des ampoules à vide de l'art antérieur, les corps creux présents dans le silicone de la couche intermédiaire absorbent cette dilatation et, par conséquent, cette contrainte thermomécanique, limitant de fait son incidence sur la couche de surmoulage et sur le corps cylindrique d'une ampoule à vide conforme à l'invention.While the expansion of the intermediate layer generates a thermomechanical stress on the overmoulding layer and on the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum ampoules of the prior art, the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer absorb this expansion and therefore, this thermomechanical stress, effectively limiting its impact on the overmoulding layer and on the cylindrical body of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention.
Le dimensionnement de la couche intermédiaire discontinue et localisée sur les parties métalliques de la chambre peut bien entendu être adapté en fonction des caractéristiques structurelles de l'ampoule à vide et des différents éléments qui la composent, de telle sorte à ce qu'il ne se forme aucune fissure, que ce soit dans la couche de surmoulage ou dans le corps cylindrique de la chambre, ni aucune déchirure dans ladite couche intermédiaire.The sizing of the discontinuous intermediate layer located on the metal parts of the chamber can of course be adapted according to the structural characteristics of the vacuum interrupter and the various elements that compose it, so that it does not occur. form any crack, either in the overmoulding layer or in the cylindrical body of the chamber, nor any tear in said intermediate layer.
Dans une variante de l'invention, la couche intermédiaire recouvre une partie de la surface externe du corps cylindrique de la chambre en plus de recouvrir la surface externe des parties métalliques au moins au niveau de leur bord en jonction avec le matériau diélectrique. La diminution de telles contraintes thermomécaniques réduit donc considérablement, voire écarte même grâce au dimensionnement adapté de la couche intermédiaire, les risques de fissuration dans la couche de surmoulage et dans le corps cylindrique de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide.In a variant of the invention, the intermediate layer covers a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body of the chamber in addition to covering the outer surface of the metal parts at least at their edge in junction with the dielectric material. The reduction of such thermomechanical stresses therefore considerably reduces, and even eliminates, even thanks to the adapted dimensioning of the intermediate layer, the risks of cracking in the overmolding layer and in the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum ampoule.
Les risques de fissuration se produisant dans la couche de surmoulage, mais également dans le corps cylindrique de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide avec le risque lié de la perte de vide, sont par conséquent extrêmement limités, voire supprimés avec une ampoule à vide conforme à l'invention.The risk of cracking occurring in the overmolding layer, but also in the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum bulb with the risk of loss of vacuum, are therefore extremely limited or even eliminated with a vacuum bulb according to the invention.
La mise en oeuvre d'une telle couche intermédiaire discontinue permet en outre de limiter les coûts de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide puisque le silicone particulier utilisé pour la réalisation de cette couche intermédiaire peut n'être localisé que sur la surface externe des parties métalliques de la chambre, ces parties étant celles qui sont à l'origine de la formation des fissures dans la couche de surmoulage, en particulier lorsque ces parties métalliques de la chambre présentent des parties saillantes, c'est-à-dire des éléments faisant saillie de ces parties métalliques.The implementation of such a discontinuous intermediate layer also makes it possible to limit the manufacturing costs of a vacuum interrupter since the particular silicone used for the production of this intermediate layer can only be located on the outer surface of the parts. the parts which are responsible for the formation of cracks in the overmoulding layer, in particular when these metallic parts of the chamber have protruding parts, ie elements making protruding from these metal parts.
Toutefois, rien n'interdit d'envisager que la couche intermédiaire recouvre également une partie de la surface externe de la chambre étanche, et notamment une partie de la surface externe du corps cylindrique située dans la continuité de la surface externe de ces éléments métalliques, sans toutefois recouvrir l'intégralité de la surface externe de la chambre étanche, pour des raisons évidentes de coût.However, there is nothing to prevent considering that the intermediate layer also covers a portion of the outer surface of the sealed chamber, and in particular a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body located in the continuity of the outer surface of these metal elements, but without covering the entire outer surface of the sealed chamber, for obvious reasons of cost.
Un tel silicone compressible a notamment été décrit dans les documents
Dans une variante avantageuse de l'invention, les corps creux sont des microsphères qui présentent, par exemple, un diamètre moyen compris entre 1 µm et 800 µm, avantageusement entre 10 µm et 80 µm.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the hollow bodies are microspheres which have, for example, a mean diameter of between 1 μm and 800 μm, advantageously between 10 μm and 80 μm.
Le matériau thermoplastique de l'enveloppe des corps creux est choisi de telle sorte qu'il permette d'emprisonner des bulles de gaz.The thermoplastic material of the shell of the hollow bodies is chosen so that it allows to imprison gas bubbles.
De tels corps creux, ou microsphères, sont notamment disponibles auprès de la société AkzoNobel sous la dénomination commerciale Expancel®DE. On pourra en particulier mettre en oeuvre les microsphères de référence commerciale Expancel®920 DET 40 d25.Such hollow bodies, or microspheres, are in particular available from AkzoNobel under the trade name Expancel ® DE. It may in particular implement the commercial reference ® microspheres Expancel 920
Un silicone compressible parmi plusieurs disponibles est notamment commercialisé par la société Wacker sous la dénomination commerciale Elastosil®RT 713.A compressible silicone from several available is especially sold by the company Wacker under the tradename Elastosil ® RT 713.
Dans une variante particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, l'interface entre le revêtement diélectrique et la surface externe de la chambre est étanche. Il n'y a, par conséquent, aucun espace libre entre la surface externe de la chambre et la couche intermédiaire, entre la couche intermédiaire et la couche de surmoulage ainsi qu'entre la surface externe de la chambre qui, n'étant pas en contact avec la couche intermédiaire discontinue, l'est avec la couche de surmoulage.In a particularly advantageous variant of the invention, the interface between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber is sealed. There is, therefore, no free space between the outer surface of the chamber and the intermediate layer, between the intermediate layer and the overmold layer and between the outer surface of the chamber which, not being contact with the intermittent interlayer, the is with the over-molding layer.
Une telle interface est notamment obtenue avec une excellente adhérence entre le revêtement diélectrique et la surface externe de la chambre, ce qui se traduit par l'absence d'espaces résiduels entre ce revêtement et cette surface externe susceptibles de contenir de l'air. Une telle interface étanche contribue au renforcement de la tenue thermomécanique de l'ampoule à vide selon l'invention.Such an interface is obtained in particular with excellent adhesion between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber, which results in the absence of residual spaces between the coating and the outer surface may contain air. Such a sealed interface contributes to strengthening the thermomechanical behavior of the vacuum bottle according to the invention.
L'ampoule à vide comprend une chambre étanche et deux contacts électriques mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre. La chambre étanche de l'ampoule à vide, dans laquelle règne une basse pression, comprend un corps cylindrique en matériau diélectrique et deux couvercles métalliques qui ferment ce corps cylindrique à ses extrémités. Les liaisons entre les couvercles métalliques et le corps cylindrique sont avantageusement réalisées par soudage ou par brasage. Chacun des couvercles de la chambre est relié à l'un des contacts électriques mentionnés ci-dessus. De préférence, l'un des deux contacts électriques est fixe tandis que l'autre est mobile. La mobilité de ce contact électrique est assurée par un soufflet métallique qui assure également l'étanchéité de la chambre étanche.The vacuum bulb comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other. The sealed chamber of the vacuum bulb, in which a low pressure reigns, comprises a cylindrical body of material dielectric and two metal covers that close the cylindrical body at its ends. The connections between the metal covers and the cylindrical body are advantageously made by welding or brazing. Each of the chamber covers is connected to one of the electrical contacts mentioned above. Preferably, one of the two electrical contacts is fixed while the other is mobile. The mobility of this electrical contact is provided by a metal bellows which also seals the sealed chamber.
L'ampoule à vide peut comprendre en outre au moins un écran métallique de protection disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre étanche et fixé à cette chambre. Cet écran a pour rôle principal de protéger la surface interne du corps cylindrique des vapeurs de métal liquide et des projections métalliques générées par l'arc produit entre les deux contacts électriques pendant la coupure du courant électrique.The vacuum bulb may further comprise at least one metal shield disposed within the sealed chamber and attached to this chamber. This screen has the main role of protecting the internal surface of the cylindrical body of liquid metal vapors and metal projections generated by the arc produced between the two electrical contacts during the power failure.
Cet écran peut être fixé mécaniquement et électriquement au couvercle métallique auquel est relié le contact électrique fixe.This screen can be mechanically and electrically fixed to the metal cover to which the fixed electrical contact is connected.
Cet écran peut également être fixé mécaniquement en un point intermédiaire du corps cylindrique, sans liaison électrique avec l'un ou l'autre des couvercles métalliques.This screen can also be mechanically fixed at an intermediate point of the cylindrical body, without electrical connection with one or the other of the metal covers.
Dans une variante avantageuse de l'invention, le corps cylindrique comprend au moins une première et une deuxième parties et l'écran métallique de protection est fixé à la chambre par des moyens de fixation interposés entre ces première et deuxième parties.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the cylindrical body comprises at least a first and a second part and the metal protective screen is fixed to the chamber by fastening means interposed between these first and second parts.
Ces moyens de fixation peuvent être formés par un épaulement de révolution réalisé sur ledit écran métallique de protection, par exemple par usinage ou par emboutissage. Ces moyens de fixation peuvent également être formés par une pièce métallique cylindrique, telle qu'un anneau circulaire, cette pièce étant brasée ou soudée sur les première et deuxième parties du corps cylindrique. On peut également se reporter au document
Dès lors que les moyens de fixation de l'écran métallique de protection créent une zone de discontinuité au niveau de la surface externe du corps cylindrique de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide, la couche intermédiaire du revêtement est en outre localisée sur lesdits moyens de fixation de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdits moyens de fixation.Since the means for fixing the protective metal screen create a zone of discontinuity at the outer surface of the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum bulb, the intermediate layer of the coating is further located on said means fastening so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
Ainsi, dès lors qu'aucun élément métallique de l'ampoule à vide (à savoir les couvercles et, le cas échéant, les moyens de fixation de l'écran) ne se trouve en contact direct avec la couche de surmoulage, les risques de formation de fissures, voire de fractures, dans cette couche de surmoulage sont éliminés.Thus, since no metal element of the vacuum bulb (namely the covers and, where appropriate, the means for fixing the screen) is in direct contact with the overmolding layer, the risks of formation of cracks or even fractures in this over-molding layer are eliminated.
Le corps cylindrique de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide est en un matériau diélectrique. Ce matériau diélectrique est avantageusement de la céramique et, en particulier, de l'alumine, ce matériau pouvant être émaillé.The cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum bulb is made of a dielectric material. This dielectric material is advantageously ceramic and, in particular, alumina, this material can be enamelled.
Les couvercles métalliques de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide peuvent notamment être en cuivre ou en inox.The metal lids of the chamber of the vacuum bulb may in particular be made of copper or stainless steel.
Ces couvercles peuvent être conformés de manière à présenter une surface externe lisse, avec des angles émoussés ou arrondis en direction de la surface externe de la chambre.These covers may be shaped to have a smooth outer surface with blunt or rounded corners towards the outer surface of the chamber.
Ces couvercles peuvent également comprendre un ou plusieurs éléments faisant saillie de ces couvercles, tels que des épaulements, plus ou moins saillants en direction de la surface externe de la chambre, de tels épaulements étant en général considérés comme constituant des bords ou zones de fragilité à l'origine de fissuration dans la couche de surmoulage. En effet, la couche intermédiaire du revêtement diélectrique étant localisée sur les parties métalliques de la chambre de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques et notamment de ces couvercles métalliques, avantageusement au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe des éléments faisant saillie de ces parties métalliques et, préférentiellement, au moins l'intégralité de cette surface externe de ces parties métalliques, ces parties saillantes ou épaulements ne génèrent pas de risque de fissuration supplémentaire. Il n'est, en conséquence, pas nécessaire de prévoir, dans la structure de l'ampoule à vide selon l'invention, l'ajout de capots de protection emboîtés sur les couvercles métalliques et protégeant leur zone de jonction avec le corps cylindrique, comme décrit dans le document
La couche de surmoulage du revêtement de l'ampoule à vide selon l'invention est quant-à-elle en polymère thermodurcissable, de préférence en polymère époxyde.The overmolding layer of the coating of the vacuum bottle according to the invention is in turn thermosetting polymer, preferably epoxy polymer.
L'ampoule à vide peut en outre comprendre une couche de blindage disposée sur le revêtement diélectrique. Cette couche de blindage, qui permet la mise à la terre de l'extérieur de l'ampoule à vide, est une couche réalisée en un matériau électriquement conducteur selon les procédés et dispositifs connus.The vacuum bulb may further comprise a shielding layer disposed on the dielectric coating. This shielding layer, which allows the grounding of the outside of the vacuum bottle, is a layer made of an electrically conductive material according to known methods and devices.
L'invention se rapporte, en deuxième lieu, un dispositif de coupure de courant électrique moyenne tension.The invention relates, secondly, a device for breaking the medium voltage electrical current.
Selon l'invention, ce dispositif de coupure de courant électrique comprend au moins une ampoule à vide telle que définie ci-dessus, et notamment une ampoule à vide surmoulée, ses caractéristiques avantageuses pouvant être prises seules ou en combinaison. L'ampoule est raccordée, par l'intermédiaire de ses deux contacts électriques, aux connexions électriques dudit dispositif de coupure de courant électrique.According to the invention, this electric power cut-off device comprises at least one vacuum bulb as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination. The bulb is connected, via its two electrical contacts, to the electrical connections of said electric power cut-off device.
Ce dispositif de coupure de courant électrique peut notamment être un pôle de disjoncteur, ou un interrupteur, à moyenne tension.This electric power cut-off device can in particular be a circuit breaker pole, or a switch, medium voltage.
L'invention se rapporte, en troisième lieu, à un pôle de disjoncteur comprenant un assemblage formé d'une ampoule à vide telle que définie ci-dessus, et notamment une ampoule à vide surmoulée, ses caractéristiques avantageuses pouvant être prises seules ou en combinaison, et de deux connexions électriquement conductrices, ledit assemblage étant revêtu par la couche de surmoulage et, le cas échéant, par la couche de blindage.Thirdly, the invention relates to a circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum lamp, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer and, if appropriate, by the shielding layer.
L'invention se rapporte, en quatrième lieu, à un procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide telle que définie ci-dessus et dont les caractéristiques avantageuses peuvent être prises seules ou en combinaison.The invention relates, fourthly, to a method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb as defined above and whose advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination.
En particulier, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide comprenant une chambre étanche, deux contacts électriques mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre et éventuellement au moins un écran métallique de protection disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre et fixé à cette dernière, ladite chambre comprenant un corps cylindrique en un matériau diélectrique fermé à ses extrémités par deux couvercles métalliques, chacun de ces couvercles étant relié à l'un des contacts électriques, ladite ampoule à vide comprenant en outre un revêtement diélectrique qui recouvre la surface externe de la chambre.In particular, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter comprising a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and possibly at least one metal shielding screen arranged inside the chamber and fixed thereto, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said bulb to vacuum further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber.
Selon l'invention, ce procédé comprend les étapes successives suivantes :
- (a) l'assemblage de la chambre étanche et des deux contacts électriques,
- (b) le dépôt, discontinu et localisé sur les parties métalliques de ladite chambre de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques, d'une composition d'élastomère de silicone comprenant des corps creux, ces corps creux étant compressibles et ayant une enveloppe en un matériau thermoplastique, puis la réticulation de cette composition de manière à former, sur la surface externe de la chambre, la couche intermédiaire en silicone, et
- (c) le moulage par injection, notamment au moyen du procédé de gélification sous pression automatique, du matériau synthétique, le matériau synthétique étant un polymère époxyde, de manière à former la couche de surmoulage, la couche intermédiaire et la couche de surmoulage formant le revêtement diélectrique de l'ampoule à vide.
- (a) the assembly of the sealed chamber and the two electrical contacts,
- (b) the deposition, discontinuous and localized on the metal parts of said chamber so as to cover at least partially the external surface of these metal parts, with a silicone elastomer composition comprising hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having an envelope of a thermoplastic material, and then cross-linking this composition so as to form, on the outer surface of the chamber, the intermediate silicone layer, and
- (c) the injection molding, in particular by means of the automatic pressure gelling process, of the synthetic material, the synthetic material being an epoxy polymer, so as to form the over-molding layer, the intermediate layer and the overmolding layer forming the dielectric coating of the vacuum bulb.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux du procédé de l'invention, la composition d'élastomère de silicone comprend en outre un agent de réticulation, la réticulation de l'étape (b) étant obtenue par vulcanisation à chaud, par chauffage de ladite composition d'élastomère de silicone.According to an advantageous embodiment of the process of the invention, the silicone elastomer composition further comprises a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said composition of silicone elastomer.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention, la réticulation de l'étape (b) est obtenue par vulcanisation à froid, par mise en contact à température ambiante de la composition d'élastomère de silicone avec un agent de réticulation, le cas échéant, en présence d'un catalyseur.According to another embodiment of the process of the invention, the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
Aussi, et contrairement au procédé actuel de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide, le procédé selon l'invention ne met pas en oeuvre d'étape de moulage par injection d'un élastomère de silicone liquide pour réaliser la couche intermédiaire en silicone. La réalisation de la couche intermédiaire n'impliquant pas l'application de pressions élevées, préjudiciables à certaines configurations de couvercles métalliques de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide, le procédé selon l'invention peut être envisagé pour la fabrication de tout type d'ampoule à vide, quels que soient la forme, les dimensions et/ou le métal constitutif des couvercles de la chambre étanche de cette ampoule à vide.Also, and contrary to the current method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter, the method according to the invention does not implement a molding step by injecting a liquid silicone elastomer to produce the silicone intermediate layer. The embodiment of the intermediate layer does not involve the application of high pressures, detrimental to certain configurations of metal covers of the chamber of the vacuum bottle, the method according to the invention can be envisaged for the manufacture of any type of Vacuum bulb, regardless of the shape, dimensions and / or the metal of the lids of the sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb.
Le dépôt de la composition d'élastomère de silicone peut, par exemple, être fait au moyen d'un pistolet.The deposition of the silicone elastomer composition may, for example, be done by means of a gun.
Ce dépôt est en outre localisé sur les parties métalliques de la chambre étanche de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques.This deposit is further located on the metal parts of the sealed chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts.
Ce dépôt est avantageusement localisé de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe des éléments faisant saillie de ces parties métalliques et, préférentiellement, de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdites parties métalliques.This deposit is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
La quantité de la composition d'élastomère de silicone est donc nécessairement réduite par rapport à la quantité nécessaire pour la réalisation d'une couche intermédiaire continue dans le procédé actuel de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide.The amount of the silicone elastomer composition is therefore necessarily reduced with respect to the amount necessary for producing a continuous interlayer in the present method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb.
Rien n'interdit d'envisager, après l'étape (a) et avant l'étape (b), l'application d'une couche de primaire d'accrochage sur la surface externe de la chambre de l'ampoule à vide pour améliorer, s'il en était besoin, l'adhérence de la couche intermédiaire et/ou de la couche de surmoulage à cette surface externe.There is nothing to preclude considering, after step (a) and before step (b), the application of a layer of primer on the outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum interrupter. to improve, if necessary, the adhesion of the intermediate layer and / or the overmoulding layer to this external surface.
Selon une variante, le procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide selon l'invention comprend en outre, lors de l'étape (a), la mise en place d'au moins un écran métallique de protection dans la chambre, cet écran étant fixé à cette dernière par des moyens de fixation, l'étape (b) comprenant en outre le dépôt de ladite composition d'élastomère de silicone sur les moyens de fixation, de préférence de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdits moyens de fixation.According to one variant, the method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter according to the invention furthermore comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one protective metal screen in the chamber, this screen being attached thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably so as to cover at least the entire surface external of said fixing means.
L'invention se rapporte, en cinquième lieu, à un procédé de fabrication d'un pôle de disjoncteur tel que décrit ci-dessus, ce pôle de disjoncteur comprenant un assemblage formé d'une ampoule à vide telle que définie ci-dessus et dont les caractéristiques avantageuses peuvent être prises seules ou en combinaison, et de deux connexions électriquement conductrices, ledit assemblage étant revêtu par la couche de surmoulage.Fifthly, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole as described above, this circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above and of which the advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination, and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer.
Selon l'invention, ce procédé de fabrication d'un pôle de disjoncteur comprend les étapes successives suivantes :
- (a) l'assemblage de l'ampoule à vide comprenant la chambre étanche et les deux contacts électriques,
- (b) le dépôt, discontinu et localisé sur les parties métalliques de ladite chambre de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques, d'une composition d'élastomère de silicone comprenant des corps creux, ces corps creux étant compressibles et ayant une enveloppe en un matériau thermoplastique, puis la réticulation de cette composition de manière à former, sur la surface externe de la chambre, la couche intermédiaire en silicone, et
- (c) le moulage par injection, notamment au moyen du procédé de gélification sous pression automatique, sur la surface externe de l'assemblage et des deux connexions électriquement conductrices, du matériau synthétique, le matériau synthétique étant un polymère époxyde, de manière à former la couche de surmoulage,
- soit lors de l'étape de (a),
- soit entre les étapes (b) et (c).
- (a) assembling the vacuum interrupter comprising the sealed chamber and the two electrical contacts,
- (b) the deposition, discontinuous and localized on the metal parts of said chamber so as to cover at least partially the external surface of these metal parts, with a silicone elastomer composition comprising hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having an envelope of a thermoplastic material, and then cross-linking this composition so as to form, on the outer surface of the chamber, the intermediate silicone layer, and
- (c) injection molding, in particular by means of the automatic pressure gelling method, on the external surface of the assembly and the two electrically conductive connections, of the synthetic material, the synthetic material being an epoxy polymer, so as to form the overmoulding layer,
- either during the step of (a),
- between steps (b) and (c).
Comme indiqué précédemment pour le procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide, selon un mode de réalisation avantageux du procédé de fabrication d'un pôle de disjoncteur selon l'invention, la composition d'élastomère de silicone comprend en outre un agent de réticulation, la réticulation de l'étape (b) étant obtenue par vulcanisation à chaud, par chauffage de ladite composition d'élastomère de silicone.As indicated above for the method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter, according to an advantageous embodiment of the method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole according to the invention, the silicone elastomer composition comprises in addition, a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said silicone elastomer composition.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention, la réticulation de l'étape (b) est obtenue par vulcanisation à froid, par mise en contact à température ambiante de la composition d'élastomère de silicone avec un agent de réticulation, le cas échéant, en présence d'un catalyseur.According to another embodiment of the process of the invention, the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
Comme également indiqué précédemment, le dépôt de l'étape (b) est avantageusement localisé de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe des éléments faisant saillie de ces parties métalliques et, préférentiellement, de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdites parties métalliques.As also indicated above, the deposition of step (b) is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the external surface of the elements projecting from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the the entire outer surface of said metal parts.
L'assemblage de l'ampoule à vide et des deux connexions électriquement conductrices pour former le pôle de disjoncteur impose des angles et des changements de section importants entre les différents éléments constitutifs de ce pôle, en particulier au niveau de la connexion électriquement conductrice reliée au contact électrique fixe de l'ampoule à vide. Or, de tels angles et changements de section peuvent avoir une incidence directe sur la tenue thermomécanique du pôle de disjoncteur ainsi constitué.The assembly of the vacuum interrupter and the two electrically conductive connections to form the circuit breaker pole imposes important angles and changes of section between the different elements constituting this pole, in particular at the level of the electrically conductive connection connected to the circuit breaker pole. fixed electrical contact of the vacuum bulb. However, such angles and section changes can have a direct impact on the thermomechanical behavior of the circuit breaker pole thus formed.
Le procédé de fabrication d'un pôle de disjoncteur conforme à l'invention permet de fabriquer un pôle de disjoncteur dont les contraintes structurelles imposées par sa forme finale sont prises en compte.The method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture a circuit breaker pole whose structural constraints imposed by its final form are taken into account.
La réalisation de la couche de surmoulage en dernier lieu, après l'assemblage des différents éléments constitutifs du pôle de disjoncteur parmi lesquels l'ampoule à vide surmoulée caractérisée par sa couche intermédiaire particulière, discontinue et localisée en un silicone comprenant des corps creux compressibles tels que définis ci-avant, permet de répondre aux contraintes thermomécaniques engendrées par la fabrication du pôle de disjoncteur ainsi qu'à celles engendrées par son utilisation, en particulier lorsqu'il est soumis à d'importantes sollicitations thermiques.The embodiment of the overmolding layer last, after assembly of the various constituent elements of the circuit breaker pole among which the overmolded vacuum bulb characterized by its particular intermediate layer, discontinuous and localized in a silicone comprising compressible hollow bodies such as that defined above, allows to meet the thermomechanical constraints generated by the manufacture of the breaker pole and those generated by its use, particularly when subjected to significant thermal stresses.
Selon une variante, le procédé de fabrication d'un pôle de disjoncteur selon l'invention comprend en outre, lors de l'étape (a), la mise en place d'au moins un écran métallique de protection dans la chambre, cet écran étant fixé à cette dernière par des moyens de fixation, l'étape (b) comprenant en outre le dépôt de ladite composition d'élastomère de silicone sur les moyens de fixation, de préférence de manière à recouvrir au moins l'intégralité de la surface externe desdits moyens de fixation.According to one variant, the method of manufacturing a breaker pole according to the invention further comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one metal shielding screen in the chamber, this screen being fixed thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably covering at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit et qui se rapporte à deux dispositifs de coupure d'un courant électrique, en l'espèce des pôles de disjoncteur, dont l'un comprend une ampoule à vide selon l'invention.Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows and which relates to two devices for breaking an electric current, in this case circuit breaker poles, one of which includes a vacuum bulb according to the invention.
Cette description détaillée fait également référence à un procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide surmoulée conforme à l'invention.This detailed description also refers to a method of manufacturing an overmoulded vacuum bulb according to the invention.
Par ailleurs, cette description comprend une évaluation de la résistance à la fissuration et de la tenue diélectrique de trois ampoules à vide surmoulées, dont une conforme à l'invention, avant et après des sollicitations thermiques.Furthermore, this description includes an evaluation of the resistance to cracking and the dielectric strength of three overmolded vacuum bulbs, including one according to the invention, before and after thermal stresses.
Cette description détaillée, qui se réfère notamment aux
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La
figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif de coupure d'un courant électrique, en l'espèce un pôle de disjoncteur, comprenant une ampoule à vide conforme à l'invention.Thefigure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a device for breaking an electric current, in this case a circuit breaker pole, comprising a vacuum interrupter according to the invention. -
La
figure 2 illustre les cycles thermiques à chaud auxquels ont été soumises les ampoules à vide qui ont été évaluées.Thefigure 2 illustrates the hot thermal cycles to which the vacuum bulbs that were evaluated were subjected. -
La
figure 3 illustre les cycles thermiques à froid auxquels ont été soumises les ampoules à vide qui ont été évaluées.Thefigure 3 illustrates the cold thermal cycles to which the vacuum bulbs that were evaluated were subjected. -
La
figure 4 illustre les cycles thermiques alternatifs auxquels ont été soumises les ampoules à vide qui ont été évaluées.Thefigure 4 illustrates the alternative thermal cycles to which the vacuum bulbs that were evaluated were subjected.
Sur la
Ce pôle de disjoncteur 1 est formé par l'assemblage d'une ampoule à vide 2 et de deux connexions électriquement conductrices, une connexion inférieure 3 et une connexion supérieure 3'.This
L'ampoule à vide 2 comprend une chambre étanche 4 dans laquelle règne de préférence une basse pression contrôlée d'air ou d'un autre fluide diélectrique, également appelée "vide".The
La chambre étanche 4 comprend un corps cylindrique 5, formé par deux parties 5a et 5b réalisées en un matériau diélectrique, avantageusement en céramique, notamment en alumine, la céramique pouvant éventuellement être émaillée. Ce matériau du corps cylindrique 5 pourrait également être en verre.The sealed
Le corps cylindrique 5 est fermé à ses extrémités par des couvercles métalliques 6, 6' qui sont solidarisés de façon étanche au corps cylindrique 5, par exemple par brasure ou par soudure.The
Les couvercles métalliques 6, 6' peuvent présenter des bords saillants 6a, 6'a s'étendant à partir de leur surface externe respective.The metal covers 6, 6 'may have projecting
La chambre 4 comprend en outre deux contacts électriques 7, 7' mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre et le long de l'axe de l'ampoule à vide 1. De manière classique, le contact électrique 7' est fixe et solidaire du couvercle métallique 6' tandis que le contact électrique 7 est mobile axialement et relié au couvercle métallique 6. Pour permettre le déplacement du contact électrique 7 mobile tout en conservant l'étanchéité dans la chambre étanche 4, un soufflet d'étanchéité 8 est disposé.The
La chambre étanche 4 comprend en outre un écran métallique de protection 9 disposé à l'intérieur de la chambre étanche 4 et fixé à cette dernière, et dont la fonction est de protéger le corps cylindrique 5 des vapeurs de métal liquide et des projections métalliques issues de la phase d'arc produite entre les contacts électriques 7, 7' pendant la coupure du courant électrique. L'écran métallique de protection 9 est supporté par un anneau circulaire 10 fixé, par exemple par brasure, entre les parties 5a et 5b du corps cylindrique 5.The sealed
Selon l'invention, le pôle de disjoncteur 1 est revêtu par un revêtement diélectrique 12 comprenant deux couches, une couche intermédiaire 13 et une couche de surmoulage 14 en un matériau synthétique. La couche de surmoulage 14 est disposée sur la couche intermédiaire 13, de telle sorte qu'il ne subsiste pas d'espace libre entre cette couche intermédiaire 13 et cette couche de surmoulage 14. On dit que l'interface entre le revêtement diélectrique 12 et la surface externe de la chambre 4 est étanche.According to the invention, the
La couche intermédiaire 13 est une couche discontinue et localisée sur les parties métalliques de la chambre étanche 4 de manière à recouvrir au moins partiellement la surface externe de ces parties métalliques. Avantageusement, au moins les parties saillantes des parties métalliques sont entièrement recouvertes, ainsi que les bords desdites parties métalliques en jonction avec le matériau diélectrique du corps cylindrique 5.The
Sur la
En effet, les surfaces externes métalliques de la chambre étanche 4 et, en particulier celles des parties saillantes 6a, 6'a des couvercles métalliques 6, 6', étant recouvertes par la couche intermédiaire 13, elles ne sont plus en contact direct avec la couche de surmoulage 14. Les risques de fissuration de la couche de surmoulage 14 par ces surfaces externes métalliques, dont celles des parties saillantes 6a, 6'a, sont, par conséquent, supprimés.Indeed, the external metal surfaces of the sealed
Par ailleurs, il est important de noter que cette couche intermédiaire 13 est réalisée en un silicone particulier. En effet, ce silicone comprend des corps creux qui sont compressibles et qui comprennent une enveloppe en un matériau thermoplastique.Moreover, it is important to note that this
Aussi, la mise en oeuvre d'un tel silicone, que l'on peut qualifier de "compressible", permet de former un revêtement diélectrique 12 dont la couche intermédiaire 13 peut absorber les variations de dilatation thermique entre les éléments métalliques (couvercles 6, 6' et anneau circulaire 10) de la chambre étanche 4 et la couche de surmoulage 14 et ce, sans expansion du volume que cette couche intermédiaire 13 occupe au sein du revêtement diélectrique 12. En effet, la dilatation de la couche intermédiaire 13 est en quelque sorte "absorbée" par les corps creux présents dans le silicone. Par conséquent, sous l'effet des sollicitations thermiques auxquelles peut être soumis le pôle de disjoncteur 1, on n'observe aucune formation de fissures dans la couche de surmoulage 14.Also, the use of such a silicone, which can be described as "compressible", makes it possible to form a
A l'inverse, la mise en oeuvre d'un silicone de nature non compressible, tel que décrit dans les documents [1] et [2], dans une telle couche intermédiaire de revêtement diélectrique ne permet pas de supprimer le risque de fissuration dans la couche de surmoulage d'un tel revêtement. En effet, sous l'effet des mêmes sollicitations thermiques, la couche intermédiaire en se dilatant engendre des contraintes thermomécaniques, non seulement sur la couche de surmoulage, mais également sur le corps cylindrique, provoquant un double risque de fissuration, voire de fracture, de la couche de surmoulage et de la céramique de la chambre étanche, avec la perte de vide inhérente.Conversely, the use of a silicone of non-compressible nature, as described in documents [1] and [2] , in such an intermediate layer of dielectric coating does not make it possible to eliminate the risk of cracking in the overmolding layer of such a coating. Indeed, under the effect of the same thermal stresses, the expanding intermediate layer generates thermomechanical stresses, not only on the overmoulding layer, but also on the cylindrical body, causing a double risk of cracking, or even fracture, of the overmold layer and the ceramic of the sealed chamber, with the inherent vacuum loss.
Le revêtement diélectrique 12 peut lui-même être recouvert par une couche électriquement conductrice, dite de blindage (non illustrée).The
On va maintenant décrire un procédé de fabrication d'une ampoule à vide, ce procédé étant conforme à l'invention.We will now describe a method of manufacturing a vacuum ampoule, this method being in accordance with the invention.
On a utilisé une ampoule à vide déjà assemblée, de référence Schneider Electric VG3-I disponible commercialement.An already assembled, Schneider Electric VG3-I reference vacuum bulb is commercially available.
Une telle ampoule à vide comprend une chambre étanche, deux contacts électriques et un écran métallique de protection mais est dépourvue de revêtement diélectrique. La chambre étanche de cette ampoule à vide est formée d'un corps cylindrique comprenant deux parties en céramique et fermée par deux couvercles métalliques présentant des bords saillants. La chambre étanche comprend en outre un anneau métallique cylindrique solidarisé avec les deux parties en céramique, cet anneau constituant le support de l'écran métallique de protection.Such a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two electrical contacts and a protective metal screen but is devoid of dielectric coating. The sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb is formed of a cylindrical body comprising two ceramic parts and closed by two metal covers having projecting edges. The sealed chamber further comprises a cylindrical metal ring secured to the two ceramic parts, this ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen.
Après un éventuel nettoyage préalable de l'ampoule à vide, par exemple au moyen d'isopropanol, afin d'éliminer toute trace résiduelle de corps étrangers (corps gras, poussières...), on procède au dépôt, sur la surface externe des couvercles métalliques de la chambre et sur la surface externe de l'anneau métallique cylindrique constituant le support de l'écran métallique de protection, de cordons ou bandes d'un élastomère de silicone dit "à haute compressibilité" et commercialisé par la société Wacker sous la dénomination commerciale Elastosil®RT 713. Ce dépôt est réalisé de telle sorte que l'intégralité de la surface externe des couvercles métalliques ainsi que l'intégralité de la surface externe de l'anneau métallique cylindrique soient recouvertes par l'élastomère de silicone. Ces cordons de silicone se présentent sous la forme de tore tronqué dont le rayon est supérieur ou égal à 3 mm.After any preliminary cleaning of the vacuum ampoule, for example using isopropanol, in order to eliminate any residual traces of foreign bodies (greasy substances, dusts, etc.), the outer surface of the particles is deposited on the outside surface. metal covers of the chamber and on the outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen, cords or strips of a so-called "high compressibility" silicone elastomer and marketed by Wacker under the commercial designation Elastosil ® RT 713. This deposit is made in such a way that the entire outer surface of the metal covers as well as the entire outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring are covered by the silicone elastomer. These silicone cords are in the form of truncated torus whose radius is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
Un tel dépôt sur les surfaces métalliques de la chambre étanche permet de couvrir l'ensemble des zones ou parties métalliques de la surface externe de cette chambre étanche et ce faisant, de revêtir les éventuels bords saillants des couvercles métalliques ainsi que le "point triple" de la céramique, le point triple correspondant à la zone de jonction entre les deux parties en céramique du corps cylindrique et l'anneau métallique cylindrique.Such a deposit on the metal surfaces of the sealed chamber makes it possible to cover all the zones or metal parts of the outer surface of this sealed chamber and, in so doing, to cover any protruding edges of the metal covers as well as the "triple point" ceramic, the triple point corresponding to the junction zone between the two ceramic parts of the cylindrical body and the cylindrical metal ring.
On pourrait tout à fait envisager que les parties métalliques ne soient que partiellement recouvertes par la couche intermédiaire. En particulier, les zones ou parties métalliques ne présentant pas d'angle saillant ne nécessitent pas d'être impérativement revêtues.It is quite conceivable that the metal parts are only partially covered by the intermediate layer. In particular, the zones or metal parts having no projecting angle do not need to be imperatively coated.
Grâce à un tel dépôt localisé, on évite toute amorce de rupture que pourraient provoquer, dans la couche de surmoulage, les contraintes exercées par les éléments métalliques de la chambre, et notamment les éventuels bords saillants des couvercles, si ces éléments métalliques étaient surmoulés directement avec un polymère époxyde, ou si on l'utilisait un silicone non compressible.Thanks to such a localized deposit, it avoids any incipient break that could cause, in the overmolding layer, the stresses exerted by the metal elements of the chamber, including any protruding edges of the covers, if these metal elements were overmolded directly with an epoxy polymer, or if it was used a non-compressible silicone.
Avantageusement, le dépôt peut être réalisé de telle sorte que les zones ou parties de la surface externe du corps cylindrique, qui jouxtent ces surfaces métalliques formées par les couvercles métalliques et l'anneau cylindrique métallique, soient également recouvertes par cet élastomère de silicone. Même si le cas de figure est envisageable, il n'y a toutefois aucun intérêt à déposer une couche intermédiaire continue sur l'intégralité de la surface externe du corps cylindrique, notamment pour des raisons économiques.Advantageously, the deposit can be made in such a way that the zones or portions of the outer surface of the cylindrical body, which abut these metal surfaces formed by the metal covers and the metal cylindrical ring, are also covered by this silicone elastomer. Even if the case is however, there is no interest in depositing a continuous intermediate layer on the entire outer surface of the cylindrical body, especially for economic reasons.
L'ampoule à vide revêtue des cordons d'élastomère de silicone est ensuite de nouveau nettoyée, par exemple au moyen d'isopropanol, afin d'éliminer les corps étrangers et ainsi d'améliorer l'adhérence ultérieure de la couche de surmoulage. Elle est ensuite déposée dans un four à une température comprise entre 160°C et 170° pendant 2 heures, pour permettre la réticulation de l'élastomère de silicone.The vacuum bottle coated with the silicone elastomer beads is then cleaned again, for example by means of isopropanol, in order to remove the foreign bodies and thus to improve the subsequent adhesion of the overmolding layer. It is then deposited in an oven at a temperature between 160 ° C and 170 ° for 2 hours, to allow crosslinking of the silicone elastomer.
Après retrait du four, l'ampoule à vide revêtue des cordons ou bandes de silicone est placée dans un moule qui est alors fermé et dont la température est portée puis maintenue à 150°C tout au long du cycle de moulage ; les dimensions du moule sont telles que le remplissage de l'espace restant entre l'ampoule à vide et le moule avec le matériau choisi permette d'obtenir une couche de surmoulage compacte, d'épaisseur souhaitée.After removal from the oven, the vacuum bottle coated with cords or strips of silicone is placed in a mold which is then closed and whose temperature is increased and maintained at 150 ° C throughout the molding cycle; the dimensions of the mold are such that the filling of the space remaining between the vacuum bottle and the mold with the chosen material makes it possible to obtain a compact overmolding layer of desired thickness.
On procède alors au moulage par injection, de préférence au moyen du procédé de gélification sous pression automatique, pour former la couche de surmoulage.Injection molding is then carried out, preferably by means of the automatic pressure gelling process, to form the overmolding layer.
Pour ce faire, on injecte, sous une pression d'injection comprise entre 1 bar et 1,5 bar environ, un mélange comprenant des monomères époxyde, un durcisseur et une charge minérale, mélange qui est commercialisé par la société Huntsman, sous la dénomination commerciale Araldite®CY 225/HY 225 (durcisseur)/farine de silice, et dans lequel ces composés sont dans des proportions pondérales respectives de 100/80/270. On applique alors une pression dite "de gélification" de 6 bar maximum pendant un temps de cycle de 22 min, avant ouverture du moule et extraction de l'ampoule à vide. La post-cuisson de l'ampoule à vide surmoulée comprenant la chambre, les contacts électriques et le revêtement diélectrique formé de la couche intermédiaire et de la couche de surmoulage est assurée par un chauffage du moule à 145°C pendant 220 min, puis à 130°C pendant 44 min puis enfin à 80°C pendant 44 min.To do this, a mixture comprising epoxy monomers, a hardener and a mineral filler is injected, under an injection pressure of between 1 bar and 1.5 bar, a mixture which is marketed by Huntsman under the name commercial Araldite ® CY 225 / HY 225 (hardener) / silica flour, and wherein these compounds are in respective weight proportions of 100/80/270. A so-called "gelling" pressure of 6 bar maximum is then applied during a cycle time of 22 min, before opening of the mold and extraction of the vacuum bottle. The post-baking of the overmolded vacuum bulb comprising the chamber, the electrical contacts and the dielectric coating formed of the intermediate layer and the overmoulding layer is provided by heating the mold at 145 ° C for 220 min, then at 130 ° C for 44 min and finally at 80 ° C for 44 min.
Les tests qui ont été conduits visent à évaluer la résistance à la fissuration de la couche de surmoulage et de la chambre étanche de trois ampoules à vide, dont une conforme à l'invention, ainsi que la tenue diélectrique de ces ampoules à vide avant et après la réalisation de différents cycles thermiques.The tests that have been conducted aim to evaluate the crack resistance of the overmolding layer and the sealed chamber of three vacuum interrupters, one of which according to the invention, as well as the dielectric strength of these front vacuum bulbs and after the realization of different thermal cycles.
Pour évaluer la résistance à la fissuration de la couche de surmoulage réalisée en polymère époxyde et de la chambre étanche de ces trois ampoules à vide, on a utilisé des ampoules à vide déjà assemblées, de référence Schneider Electric VG2 disponible commercialement.To evaluate the resistance to cracking of the over-molding layer made of epoxy polymer and the sealed chamber of these three vacuum interrupters, already assembled vacuum tubes, reference Schneider Electric VG2 commercially available, were used.
Ces ampoules à vide présentent deux couvercles métalliques, sur lesquels ont été déposées successivement une couche intermédiaire discontinue et localisée selon les caractéristiques de l'invention puis une même couche de surmoulage en polymère époxyde. Si pour ces trois ampoules à vide, la couche de surmoulage est identique tant en composition qu'en épaisseur, la couche intermédiaire de même épaisseur a, quant à elle, été réalisée à partir de trois silicones différents.These vacuum bulbs have two metal lids, on which were successively deposited a discontinuous intermediate layer and localized according to the characteristics of the invention and then the same layer of overmolding epoxy polymer. If for these three vacuum bulbs, the overmolding layer is identical both in composition and thickness, the intermediate layer of the same thickness has, for its part, been made from three different silicones.
Les matériaux utilisés pour la réalisation des couches intermédiaires et de surmoulage sont les suivants :The materials used for producing the intermediate layers and overmolding are as follows:
- silicone compressible de référence Elastosil®RT 713 de la société Wacker, portant la référence Silicone-1 dans les tableaux ci-dessous, pour la réalisation d'une ampoule à vide conforme à l'invention,elastic reference silicone Elastosil ® RT 713 Wacker, bearing the reference Silicone-1 in the tables below, for the realization of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention,
- silicone non compressible de référence Rhodorsil®RTV 3428 de la société Rhodia, silicone portant la référence Silicone-2 dans les tableaux ci-dessous, pour la réalisation d'une ampoule à vide selon l'art antérieur,reference non-compressible silicone Rhodorsil ® RTV 3428 from Rhodia, silicone bearing the reference Silicone-2 in the tables below, for producing a vacuum interrupter according to the prior art,
- silicone non compressible de référence Silicomet®AS 310 de la société Henkel, silicone portant la référence Silicone-3 dans les tableaux ci-dessous, pour la réalisation d'une ampoule à vide selon l'art antérieur.Silicomet ® AS 310 reference non-compressible silicone from Henkel, silicone with the reference Silicone-3 in the tables below, for the production of a vacuum interrupter according to the prior art.
Le mélange formé de 100 pp de résine Araldite®CY 5824-CI commercialisée par la société Huntsman Advanced Materials, de 80 pp de durcisseur Aradur®HY 5924-CI également commercialisé par la société Huntsman Advanced Materials et de 300 pp de silice Silbond®W12EST commercialisée par la société Quartzwerke Gruppe, a été utilisé.The mixture consisting of 100 pbw of resin Araldite ® CY 5824-CI sold by Huntsman Advanced Materials, 80 pp hardener Aradur ® HY 5924-CI also sold by the company Huntsman Advanced Materials and 300 pbw of silica Silbond ® W12EST marketed by Quartzwerke Gruppe, was used.
Les mesures conduites et les paramètres associés, ces paramètres étant définis dans une norme CEI, sont les suivants :
- on applique une tension de 44 kV pendant 60 s à une fréquence de 50 Hz, ce qui correspond à la valeur dite de "tenue à la fréquence industrielle" et notée "PFW" (Power Frequency Withstand en anglais) dans les tableaux 3 à 5 ci-après ;
- on mesure le niveau de décharge partielle, notée "DP" dans les tableaux 3 à 5 ci-après, à 20 kVrms lors de la descente de 44 kV : les valeurs obtenues en pC (pico Coulombs) sont reportées dans le tableau 1; et
- la distance entre la tôle métallique reliée à la terre et l'axe des pôles est de 110 mm.
- a voltage of 44 kV is applied for 60 s at a frequency of 50 Hz, which corresponds to the so-called "frequency withstand voltage" value and noted "PFW" (Power Frequency Withstand in English) in Tables 3 to 5 below;
- the partial discharge level, denoted "DP" in Tables 3 to 5 below, is measured at 20 kVrms during the descent of 44 kV: the values obtained in pC (pico Coulombs) are reported in Table 1; and
- the distance between the grounded metal plate and the pole axis is 110 mm.
Différents cycles thermiques ont été conduits. Les variations de températures (T) en fonction du temps (t) appliquées au rythme de 2°C par minute sont données dans les tableaux 1 et 2 ci-dessous et illustrées aux
Dans la colonne "Observations", l'expression "OK" signifie qu'aucune des ampoules à vide testées n'a été dégradée sous l'effet des cycles thermiques dits "à chaud", qui correspondent à des montées de la température de l'environnement, conformément au tableau 1 ci-dessus et illustré à la
On observe, qu'à l'exception de l'ampoule à vide dont la couche intermédiaire est réalisée avec le Silicone-3 qui s'est fissurée dès le premier cycle à -10°C, les ampoules à vide comprenant le Silicone-1 et le Silicone-2 ne se sont pas dégradées sous l'effet des cycles thermiques dits "à froid", correspondant à des baisses de la température de l'environnement, conformément au tableau 2 ci-dessus et illustré à la
Des cycles thermiques dits "alternatifs" ont été également conduits. Des variations de températures situées entre -40°C et 90°C sont illustrées à la
On note qu'au bout de 4 cycles alternatifs successifs, l'ampoule à vide dont la couche intermédiaire est réalisée avec le Silicone-2 présente des fissures, ce qui n'est pas le cas de l'ampoule à vide selon l'invention, qui comporte une couche intermédiaire de Silicone-1.It is noted that after 4 successive alternating cycles, the vacuum bottle whose intermediate layer is made with Silicone-2 has cracks, which is not the case of the vacuum bottle according to the invention which has an intermediate layer of Silicone-1.
Les mesures de PFW (tenue à la fréquence industrielle), SA (seuil d'allumage), de SE (seuil d'extinction) et DP (décharge partielle) relevées, avant l'application de différents cycles thermiques, sont reportées dans le tableau 3 ci-après, les conditions de mesure étant les suivantes : température de 23,6°C, pression de 1024 mbar et humidité relative de 32,7% :
Les mesures de PFW, SA, SE et DP relevées, après l'application des cycles thermiques chauds puis froids effectués selon le profil représenté aux
On observe que seules les ampoules à vide comprenant la couche intermédiaire en Silicone-1 et en Silicone-2 ont résisté à la fissuration et ont présenté une tenue diélectrique satisfaisante après les cycles thermiques chauds puis froids.It is observed that only the vacuum bulbs comprising the intermediate layer of Silicone-1 and Silicone-2 resisted cracking and showed a satisfactory dielectric strength after hot and cold thermal cycles.
Les mesures de PFW, SA, SE et DP relevées, après l'application des cycles thermiques alternatifs selon le profil représenté à la
On observe que seule l'ampoule à vide conforme à l'invention comprenant la couche intermédiaire en Silicone-1 a résisté à la fissuration et a présenté une tenue diélectrique satisfaisante après les cycles thermiques alternatifs.It is observed that only the vacuum bottle according to the invention comprising the intermediate layer of Silicone-1 has resisted cracking and exhibited a satisfactory dielectric strength after the alternative thermal cycles.
-
[1][1]
EP 0 866 481 A2EP 0 866 481 A2 -
[2][2]
US 5,917,167US 5,917,167 -
[3][3]
US 5,750,581US5,750,581 -
[4][4]
EP 0 971 369 A1EP 0 971 369 A1 -
[5][5]
EP 1 571 685 A1 EP 1 571 685 A1 -
[6][6]
WO 2009/106731 A2WO 2009/106731 A2
Claims (14)
- A vacuum bulb (1) including a sealed chamber (4) and two electrical contacts (7, 7') which move relative to one another, where the said chamber (4) includes a cylindrical body (5) made of a dielectric material and closed at its ends by two metal covers (6, 6'), where each of these covers (6, 6') is connected to one of the electrical contacts (7, 7'), where the said vacuum bulb (1) also includes a dielectric coating (12) which covers the outer surface of the chamber (4), where this coating (12) includes at least two layers, the first layer called the overmoulding layer (14) being made of a synthetic material, and a second layer called the intermediate layer (13) being made of silicone, where the said intermediate layer (13) is interposed between the outer surface of the chamber (4) and the overmoulding layer (14), where the intermediate layer (13) is discontinuous and localised on the metal portions of the chamber (4) so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal portions (6, 6'), characterised in that the silicone of the intermediate layer (13) includes hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having a skin made of a thermoplastic material.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to claim 1, in which the hollow bodies are microspheres having an average diameter of between 1 µm and 800 µm, and advantageously of between 10 µm and 80 µm.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the interface between the dielectric coating (12) and the outer surface of the chamber (4) is sealed.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, also including at least one protective metal screen (9) positioned inside the chamber (4) and attached to it.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to claim 4, in which the cylindrical body (5) includes at least one first portion and one second portion (5a, 5b) and the protective metal screen (9) is attached to the chamber (4) by attachment means (10) interposed between these first and second portions (5a, 5b), where the intermediate layer (13) is also localised on the said attachment means (10) so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of the said attachment means (10).
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the cylindrical body (5) is made of a ceramic material, advantageously of alumina, and possibly enamelled.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the overmoulding layer (14) is made of a thermosetting polymer, preferably of an epoxide polymer.
- A vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, also including a shielding layer positioned on the dielectric coating (12).
- A medium-voltage switchgear including at least one vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
- A circuit-breaker pole including an assembly formed of a vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and of two electrically conductive connections, where the said assembly is coated by the overmoulding layer and, if applicable, by the shielding layer.
- A method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, including the following successive steps:(a) assembly of the sealed chamber (4) and of the two electrical contacts (7, 7'),(b) deposition, discontinuous and localised on the metal portions of the said chamber (4) so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal portions, of a composition of silicone rubber including hollow bodies, where these hollow bodies are compressible and have a skin made of a thermoplastic material, followed by cross-linking of this composition so as to form, on the outer surface of the chamber (4), the intermediate silicone layer,(c) injection moulding, notably by means of the automatic pressure gelation method, of the synthetic material, where the synthetic material is an epoxide polymer, so as to form the overmoulding layer (14), where the intermediate layer (13) and the overmoulding layer (14) form the dielectric coating (12) of the vacuum bulb (1).
- A method for manufacturing a circuit-breaker pole according to claim 10, including the following successive steps:(a) assembly of the vacuum bulb (1) including the sealed chamber (4) and the two electrical contacts (7, 7'),(b) deposition, discontinuous and localised on the metal portions of the said chamber (4) so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal portions, of a composition of silicone rubber including hollow bodies, where these hollow bodies are compressible and have a skin made of a thermoplastic material, followed by cross-linking of this composition so as to form, on the outer surface of the chamber (4), the intermediate silicone layer,(c) injection moulding, notably by means of the automatic pressure gelation method, on the outer surface of the assembly and of the two electrically conductive connections, of the synthetic material, where the synthetic material is an epoxide polymer, so as to form the overmoulding layer,where the method also includes a step of assembly of the vacuum bulb (1) and of the two electrically conductive connections, where this step is implemented- either in step (a),- or between steps (b) and (c).
- A method for manufacturing a vacuum bulb (1) according to claim 11 or a circuit-breaker pole according to claim 12, also including, in step (a), the installation of at least one protective metal screen (9) in chamber (4), attached by attachment means (10), where step (b) also includes the deposition of the said silicone rubber composition on the attachment means (10).
- A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, in which the silicone rubber composition also includes a cross-linking agent, where the cross-linking of step (b) is obtained by hot vulcanisation, by heating of the said silicone rubber composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1357942A FR3009643B1 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2013-08-09 | VACUUM BULB, CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE COMPRISING SUCH A VACUUM BULB AND METHODS OF MAKING SUCH DEVICES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2835812A1 EP2835812A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2835812B1 true EP2835812B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
Family
ID=50064716
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14180036.7A Active EP2835812B1 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2014-08-06 | Vacuum bulb, breaker pole including such a vacuum bulb and methods for manufacturing such devices |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9633802B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2835812B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104347308B (en) |
BR (1) | BR102014019184B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3009643B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2645299C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3034251B1 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2017-04-28 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | SWITCH OF A THREE-PHASE NETWORK |
EP3297014B1 (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2021-08-11 | Rail Power Systems GmbH | High voltage switching apparatus and switching circuit using a high voltage switching apparatus and method for producing a high voltage switching apparatus |
EP3321950B1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2019-08-28 | ABB Schweiz AG | An electric terminal for electric pole units |
KR102523707B1 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2023-04-19 | 엘에스일렉트릭(주) | Pole part assembly for the circuit breaker |
CN110676112B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2022-05-06 | 天津平高智能电气有限公司 | Solid-sealed pole and circuit breaker |
CN110021495B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-11-06 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid arc-extinguishing chamber for direct current breaking, direct current breaker and method thereof |
JP7141377B2 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2022-09-22 | 株式会社日立産機システム | RAILWAY CAR SWITCH AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
US11862419B2 (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-01-02 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Toroidal encapsulation for high voltage vacuum interrupters |
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DE19540886A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-05-07 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Compressible silicone rubber |
US5808258A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1998-09-15 | Amerace Corporation | Encapsulated high voltage vacuum switches |
MY119298A (en) | 1996-09-13 | 2005-04-30 | Cooper Ind Inc | Encapsulated vacuum interrupter and method of making same |
DE19712182A1 (en) | 1997-03-22 | 1998-09-24 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Vacuum chamber |
GB9815080D0 (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 1998-09-09 | Dow Corning Sa | Compressible silicone composition |
US6172317B1 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-01-09 | Vacuum Electric Switch Co. | Foam encapsulated vacuum interrupter module removably mounted in a housing |
JP2002358861A (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Vacuum valve and its manufacturing method |
DE10139624C1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-04-03 | Siemens Ag | Electrical switching device for medium or high voltage |
US20040242034A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-02 | Hubbell Incorporated | Electrical assembly and dielectric material |
AT501841B1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-01-15 | Bamed Ag | BOTTLE, IN PARTICULAR BABY BOTTLE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF |
FR2867306B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2006-09-01 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | DEVICE FOR FASTENING A SCREEN IN AN ELECTRICAL SWITCH, IN PARTICULAR A VACUUM SWITCH |
FR2881134B1 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2007-04-20 | Areva T & D Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR CERAMICS CONSISTING OF OXIDES OF METALS, IN PARTICULAR TIN OXIDE, PARTICULARLY FOR VARISTANCES |
DE102005039555A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-01 | Abb Technology Ltd. | Method for producing switch pole parts for low - medium and high - voltage switchgear, as well as switch pole part itself |
CN101410922A (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2009-04-15 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Switchgear and method for manufacturing same |
FR2925755B1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2012-08-03 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | INSULATION OF VACUUM BULB TYPE CUTTING DEVICE BY OVERMOLDING |
FR2926544B1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-04-22 | Eurokera | VITROCERAMIC ARTICLE AND EMAIL ADAPTED FOR ITS COATING |
TWI416568B (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-11-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Vacuum switch and vacuum switch mechanism |
JP4729600B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Vacuum switchgear |
EP2407990A1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-18 | ABB Technology AG | Circuit-breaker pole part and method for producing such a pole part |
CN201820692U (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2011-05-04 | 广西银河迪康电气有限公司 | Solid insulation high voltage circuit breaker post |
RU2543984C2 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2015-03-10 | Абб Текнолоджи Лтд | Compact vacuum interrupter with selective encapsulation |
-
2013
- 2013-08-09 FR FR1357942A patent/FR3009643B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-08-01 US US14/449,334 patent/US9633802B2/en active Active
- 2014-08-04 BR BR102014019184-4A patent/BR102014019184B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-08-06 EP EP14180036.7A patent/EP2835812B1/en active Active
- 2014-08-07 CN CN201410386519.8A patent/CN104347308B/en active Active
- 2014-08-08 RU RU2014132843A patent/RU2645299C2/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3009643B1 (en) | 2015-08-07 |
US20150041437A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
CN104347308A (en) | 2015-02-11 |
BR102014019184B1 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
FR3009643A1 (en) | 2015-02-13 |
RU2014132843A (en) | 2016-02-27 |
BR102014019184A2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
CN104347308B (en) | 2019-07-09 |
EP2835812A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
US9633802B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
RU2645299C2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
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