Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
  • B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
  • B01D47/022—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by using a liquid curtain
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
  • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
  • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
  • B01D2247/04—Regenerating the washing fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
  • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
  • F23J2219/80—Quenching
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
  • F23J2900/13004—Water draining devices associated with flues
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for energy and impurities recovery from fumes, gases, vapors or volatile fluids, in particular to a chimney.
• the fumes emitted by industrial or residential boilers are known to contain fine particles, pollutants and excess heat energy that is recoverable. See U.S. 2010/0212607, for example, which addresses this area and the relative problems, or CN202253704U that uses jets of water.
• the device comprises
• downstream stage receives the fumes or gases output from the upstream stage
• each stage comprising an inlet and an outlet for a liquid adapted to meet the fumes or gas traveling inside the stage in order to subtract from them heat and / or impurities.
• Fig. 10 shows a simplified diagram of the general architecture of the device. It comprises two stages A, B in tandem arrangement, in which fumes FF to be cleaned up and/or cooled enter first into stage A and then from there they enter into stage B, from which then they come out.
• the constant K is set to subtract from the fumes FF the maximum amount of heat, while the values of PA, PB are established to determine the temperature or the flow-rate of the water outputs from the two stages A, B.
• the structure with two (or more) stages A, B advantageously allows to extract a lot of heat from the fumes FF.
• the fumes FF can arrive at the stage A with high temperature, and the water going out from the duct Ul can at most have a temperature of 85-90 °C, otherwise it would be steam.
• the fumes entering the stage B therefore can not have a temperature lower than that of the water in the conduit Ul , and therefore they still contain a lot of removable heat.
• the task of the following stage (or stages) is just to remove the residual energy content of the fumes FF, by making them come out into the environment, for example, at 30 °C.
• the water in the stages A, B forms veils or waterfalls VL transversely to the feeding direction of the fumes FF, thus the fumes FF are forced to cross them releasing a lot of heat and impurities.
• the veils or waterfalls VL are formed by letting the water fall from baffles or walls, at different levels, which define a path for the fumes FF.
• a method for recovering energy from fumes or gas comprising:
• Another proposed method is to cause the liquid to travel internal paths to a stage such as to form veils or curtains or waterfalls of liquid transversely the feeding direction of the fumes or gases inside the stage, so that the fumes or gases are forced to cross them.
• the two methods are usable independently of one another.
• the first method by at least two stages ensures an optimal energy recovery from fumes or gas.
• the second method by the paths of liquid ensures both a high energy recovery from the fumes or gas and their cleaning.
• the appended method claims 17 to 19 can comprise every technical feature of the device claim from 1 to 16, in the form of method phase(s).
• any suitable liquid can be used to subtract heat and/ or impurities from the fumes or gases or vapors, preferably water.
• fig. 1 illustrates, in a schematic view, a chimney
• fig. 2 illustrates, in a partially sectioned view, a chimney
• fig. 3 illustrates the chimney of Fig. 2 in a second cross-sectional view
• fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a second variant of the device
• fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a third variant of the device
• fig. 6 shows an exploded perspective view of the variant of fig. 5;
• fig. 7 shows a sectional view of the variant of fig. 5 according to plane VII;
• fig. 8 shows a sectional view of the variant of fig. 5 according to plane VIII;
• fig. 9 shows a perspective view of components internal to the device of Fig. 5.
• a plant 1 for energy recovery recovers the thermal energy generated by a heating device, such as a boiler 2.
• the device 3 is composed of a box-element or hollow outer housing, which is open at a upper end 6. Inside the device 3 there is a first baffle 4, a second baffle 5 and a third baffle 5a, projecting from the walls of the housing and mutually opposing each other.
• baffles 4, 5, 5a force the fumes to travel a labyrinthic, and therefore not straight, path F.
• the baffle 4 is disposed in an inclined position with respect to the vertical with the free end facing upwards, while the baffle 5 and 5a are arranged substantially parallel to the upper end 6 of the labyrinthic duct 3.
• a chimney flue 7 inserts, inside of which is positioned a sprinkler 8 of water which while falling intercepts, in countercurrent, the flow of fumes F which come out of the duct 3.
• the water coming from sprinkler 8 provides for a first wash of the fumes F.
• the path of the water, which has downward motion due to gravity, is oriented by the baffles 4, 5 toward a first discharge duct 9 which is inserted in the lower end 10 of the baffle 4.
• the water, which is heated by washing the fumes, runs the discharge duct 9 and is discharged for example at a temperature of about 95 °C into a reservoir 11.
• the baffles 4, 5, 5a (or in general the or some of internal baffles of the device) are arranged so that the water falls out of the sprinkler 8 onto them and, passing from one to another, forms a vertical veil or water waterfall V.
• This veil or waterfall V interposes to or crosses the path of fumes F between the baffles 4, 5, 5a. In this way the fumes F are forced to go through the veil or waterfall V handing over to it both heat and powders or particles, then evacuated together with the water.
• a flue 7 placed above the device 3 has a substantially inverted-"U", conformation whose free end 12 is placed inside a chimney 13 and is facing downwards.
• the chimney 13 has a containment support frame 14 for the free end 12 and for supporting a second sprinkler 15, located inside the chimney 13 in a position overlying the free end 12.
• the fumes F2 that come from the free end 12 tend to rise towards an upper outlet 16 of the chimney 13, and are sprayed, in countercurrent, by the second sprinkler 15 which provides a second wash thereof.
• the sprinkler 15 is adapted to form a ceiling or horizontal layer of water T, so that the fumes F2 necessarily has to cross it, with the same effect generated by, and at, the veil V.
• the water emitted by the sprinkler 15 falls, by gravity, in a conveyor 17 positioned at the base of the chimney 13, below the free end 12, for carrying the water, through a second discharge duct 18, to a second tank 19.
• the conveyor 17 has a feed hopper 20 that conveys the water coming out from the sprinkler 15, after being heated by the fumes Fl , into a straight pipe 21 at the lower end of which is located a convergent 22 which conveys the water in the discharge conduit 18 toward a second tank, at a temperature for example of approximately 30 °C.
• the amount of water used for spraying the fumes and the pressure of the fumes themselves is balanced as not to cause any pressure or depression problem to the combustion. More precisely, the water in this way can lower the temperature of the fumes, harmful to the environment, that without the present plant would be approximately 70-90 °C, if it comes from condensing boilers, and about 170-400 °C, if coming from non-condensing boilers or furnaces or dryers.
• the water is able to capture a large portion of the suspended fine dust particles, which are thus guided and channeled with the treated water in the discharge up to the heat exchangers.
• Fig 4 shows a variant of the device, which unlike the previous one is suited to a horizontal flowing of the fumes.
• the device 50 is composed of two stages attached.
• the first is formed by a hollow outer housing 52 having for fumes F3 an inlet 54 and an outlet 56.
• the fumes can cross horizontally the inside of the housing 52.
• baffles 60 Inside the housing are arranged a series of baffles 60, inclined towards the outlet 56 and arranged on approximately a bottom wall and a top wall. In front of the upper baffles 60 are present nozzles 62 with the function of sprinkling water both toward the adjacent baffles and downwards, so as to form one or more veils of water V transversely (in vertical) to the path of fumes F3. As previously, the function of the baffles 60 is threefold:
• the outlet 56 is connected to a duct 70 curved downwards which goes inside a housing 76 and faces, with one of its outlets 74, a hopper 72.
• nozzles 78 e.g. placed around the duct 70, which serve to spray water against the conduit 70 so as to form a horizontal veil or ceiling VH of water.
• the module 110 comprises a hollow box-shaped housing 138 having an, e.g. lower, inlet 135 for fumes F4 and an outlet 134 for fumes F4.
• the housing 138 comprises baffles 1 12 arranged to create a tortuous path for the raising fumes F4.
• Sprinklers 1 18 of water inject water in the upper part of the housing 138, which water - as previously - falls from a baffle 1 12 to another forming in the air and on the surface of the baffles 112 water veils V, then evacuated by a duct 1 16 placed at the lower end of the baffle 1 12 arranged at the lowest place.
• the operation of the module 1 10 is substantially the same as the preceding.
• the discharge module 140 comprises a box-like hollow housing 142, e.g. elongated and parallelepiped, with a mouth 146 for the entry of fumes F4 and water and a tube 147 for the discharge of water and/or fumes.
• a box-like hollow housing 142 e.g. elongated and parallelepiped, with a mouth 146 for the entry of fumes F4 and water and a tube 147 for the discharge of water and/or fumes.
• the module 140 functions to recover the water heated by the fumes F4.
• the second module 170 comprises a box-like hollow housing 172, e.g. with parallelepiped-shaped or cubic.
• the housing 172 contains a deflector 174 for fumes, e.g. a wall with inverted-U section, placed over both the outlet 134 and the mouth 146.
• the deflector 174 has such dimensions as to form, once inside the housing 172, a means for deflecting the fumes F4.
• Inside the concavity of the deflector 174 is present one or more plates 190 (Fig. 9) whose inclination can be adjusted, e.g. manually from the outside, with respect to a horizontal plane.
• the deflector 174 has base flanges 178 having a portion 176 of lesser extension. Therefore when the deflector 174 is mounted within the housing 170, the portion 176 constitutes an opening towards the underlying mouth 146.
• fins 180, 172 At the side of the deflector 174, above the flanges 178, are mounted fins 180, 172, long as the housing and having adjustable tilt, e.g. manually from the outside, with respect to a horizontal plane. Close to the fins 180 are water nozzles 182 which form an approximately horizontal ceiling of water VH.
• the top of the housing 172 has slots 196 for the exit of the fumes F4, and internally there are fins 198 inclined downwards that extend from its inner wall.
• the operation is as follows.
• the fumes F4 come in from the inlet 136 and raise inside the housing 138 hitting and heating the various baffles 1 12, as well as transferring heat and powders to the water when they pass through the veils V.
• the falling and heated water is evacuated by the duct 1 16.
• the fumes F4 After crossing the outlet 134, the fumes F4 meet the plates 190 and the deflector 174, and are deflected towards the mouth 146 inside the housing 142. From here a small part thereof resurface to the module 170 passing through the opening left by the portion 176, while the remaining fumes are dragged towards the outlet 147 by the waterfall of water arriving from the sprinklers 182.
• the fumes that come into the housing 172 meet the fins 180 and cross the ceiling of water VH, cleaning themselves.
• the cleaned and cooled fumes F4 raise into the module 170 and go out from the slot 196. In this last path the last particles of water inside the fumes F4 gather on the fins 198, and fall downwards.
• the adjustment of the fins 180, 190 allows regulating the flow of fumes F4. It is generally suitable to adjust them so that there is no decrease in speed in the fumes F4 nor overload pressure to the upstream boiler 2. It is sufficient e.g. to use a speed sensor, by inserting it in the stream of fumes, and adjust consequently the fins 180, 190, also by means of an electronic circuit and actuators.
• the fins 180 also serve to limit the amount of fumes released into the environment through the slots 196.
• the fins 180, 190, or similar means or elements, are clearly able to be implemented in each described variant.
• the flow-rate of the water jets is adjustable, preferably in a controlled manner and independent for each jet. So one can adjust the output temperature of water from the various draining of the devices: the more water circulates the less hot it will be.
• the direction of the water jets is facing also towards the near jets, so the water flowing on the baffles not only does remove heat away therefrom but forms a film of water that further cleans the fumes.
• stage A housing 3 stage B elements of fig. 2 and 3
• 2nd variant stage A housing 52; stage B housing 76;
• stage A housing 1 10 stage B stage 140.
• the inner section of the stages A, B (see, for example volume of the housing 138 or 52) be sufficiently greater than that of the duct that carries the fumes or gases, with the advantage of making them expand and not loading the boiler 2 or their source in general.
• a preferred ratio is that said section of the stage is at least 2-3 times that of the inlet duct.
• the devices described in the powders are captured by running or nebulized water, and will be separated from the water by decanting and then stored in tanks.
• the water, cleaned up but hot, can be re-entered e.g. in heating systems, in processing cycles or discharged in residential teleheating systems.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
• Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

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Citations (2)

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• 2012
  • 2012-08-02 IT IT000153A patent/ITTV20120153A1/it unknown
• 2013
  • 2013-05-24 EP EP13735447.8A patent/EP2880364A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-05-24 WO PCT/IB2013/054320 patent/WO2014020456A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-05-24 RU RU2015106995A patent/RU2640859C2/ru active
  • 2013-07-11 EP EP13765482.8A patent/EP2880365B1/en active Active
  • 2013-07-11 RS RS20190240A patent/RS58474B1/sr unknown
  • 2013-07-11 RU RU2015107010A patent/RU2015107010A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-07-11 WO PCT/IB2013/055696 patent/WO2014020466A2/en active Application Filing

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