EP2853843A1 - Coolant distributor, and heat exchanger equipped with coolant distributor - Google Patents
Coolant distributor, and heat exchanger equipped with coolant distributor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2853843A1 EP2853843A1 EP20120875000 EP12875000A EP2853843A1 EP 2853843 A1 EP2853843 A1 EP 2853843A1 EP 20120875000 EP20120875000 EP 20120875000 EP 12875000 A EP12875000 A EP 12875000A EP 2853843 A1 EP2853843 A1 EP 2853843A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- header
- chamber
- heat
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
- F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
- F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0417—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating/cooling the heat exchange medium at different temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
- F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
- F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
- F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerant distributing device that is mounted to a heat exchanger used in a refrigeration cycle apparatus such as an air- conditioning apparatus and distributes a refrigerant, and a heat exchanger including the refrigerant distributing device.
- a heat exchanger in which a pair of headers extends in an up-down direction so as to be spaced apart from each other in a right-left direction, a plurality of flattened pipes are disposed in parallel between the pair of headers, and both end portions of each of a plurality of heat exchange pipes communicate with the pair of headers.
- a refrigerant flows thereinto as a two-phase gas-liquid flow, and thus liquid stays in the gravitational direction within the header at an inlet side, while gas stays in an upper portion within the header.
- the header at the inlet side is required to have a function to uniformly distribute the refrigerant.
- a refrigerant distributing device conventionally, there is a refrigerant distributing device in which a loop-shaped flow path is formed within a header so as to be turned in an up-down direction, a flow of a two-phase refrigerant having flowed therein is circulated within the header to be made uniform, whereby the refrigerant is distributed to each of a plurality of heat-transfer pipes (see, e.g., Patent Literature 1).
- an evaporator that allows uniform distribution of a refrigerant
- an evaporator that has a configuration in which a pair of headers extends in a right-left direction (the horizontal direction) so as to be spaced apart from each other and a plurality of flattened pipes are disposed in parallel between the pair of headers, and in which a plurality of refrigerant inlets are provided in the header at an inlet side so as to be spaced apart from each other in the right-left direction, and a refrigerant is jetted and flowed from each refrigerant inlet into the header via an orifice (see, e.g., Patent Literature 2).
- Patent Literature 1 Although an effect of refrigerant uniform distribution is observed at a certain level, all of the plurality of heat-transfer pipes communicate with each other in the interior of the header and thus are influenced in the interior of the header by a head difference. Therefore, the refrigerant distribution effect cannot be sufficient and further improvement thereof is desired.
- Patent Literature 2 since the header is horizontally mounted, the header is not influenced by a head difference. However, in the case where the header is mounted so as to stand in the up-down direction, a liquid is likely to stay in a lower portion under influence of the head difference.
- the present invention has been made in view of such points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant distributing device that is able to uniformly distribute a refrigerant by suppressing the influence of a head difference, and a heat exchanger including the refrigerant distributing device.
- a refrigerant distributing device includes: a header having a configuration in which the header is connected to one end of each of a plurality of heat-transfer pipes of a heat exchanger that flows a refrigerant in parallel to the plurality of heat-transfer pipes disposed in parallel and an interior of the header is divided, by one or more division plates, in a parallel direction in which the plurality of heat-transfer pipes are disposed, the header being mounted so as to stand in an up-down direction; and a distributor configured to distribute the refrigerant to each chamber within the header divided by the division plates and flow the refrigerant into each chamber.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger including a refrigerant distributing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the refrigerant distributing device in Fig. 1 .
- portions designated by the same reference signs are the same or equivalent portions, and the same applies to the entire specification.
- the forms of constituent elements described in the entire specification are merely illustrative and not limited to these descriptions.
- a heat exchanger 1 is a parallel-flow type heat exchanger which flows a refrigerant in parallel, and includes a pair of headers 10 (10a, 10b) each header is spaced apart from each other in a right-left direction and stands in an up-down direction; and a plurality of flattened pipes (heat-transfer pipes) 20 that are disposed in parallel in the up-down direction between the pair of headers 10 and both ends of each of which are connected to the pair of headers 10.
- the heat exchanger 1 further includes a plurality of fins 30 and a distributor 40.
- the pair of headers 10, the flattened pipes 20, and the fins 30 is formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the distributor 40 is connected to the header 10a via capillary tubes 50 and forms a refrigerant distributing device with the header 10a.
- the fins 30 are plate-shaped fins that are stacked between the pair of headers 10 so as to be spaced apart from each other and between which air passes.
- the plurality of flattened pipes 20 extend through the fins 30.
- the fins 30 may not necessarily be plate-shaped fins.
- the fins 30 may be, for example, wave-shaped fins that are stacked in the up-down direction alternately with the flattened pipes 20, and in short, may be fins that are disposed so as to allow air to pass therethrough in an air passing direction.
- each flattened pipe 20 has a plurality of through holes 20a serving as refrigerant flow paths.
- the interior of the header 10a is divided by one or more division plates 11 in the up-down direction into a plurality of chambers 12.
- eight chambers 12 are formed by seven division plates 11.
- a plurality of through holes 13 are formed so as to be aligned in the up-down direction.
- the flattened pipe 20 is connected to each through hole 13.
- each chamber 12 is connected to the distributor 40 via the capillary tube 50.
- the distributor 40 includes therein an orifice (not shown) that reduces a flow of the refrigerant.
- the distributor 40 causes a two-phase gas-liquid flow entering thereinto to be a spray flow (uniform flow) by passing the refrigerant through the orifice, thereby making the refrigerant into a state where uniform distribution of the refrigerant is easy.
- the refrigerant made into a spray flow is uniformly distributed to the respective capillary tubes 50 and flows thereinto, and flows into the respective chambers 12 through the capillary tubes 50.
- Each capillary tube 50 adjusts the pressure loss therein with its specifications (length, inner diameter), thereby adjusting a distribution ratio to each chamber 12 of the header 10a.
- the specifications of all of the capillary tubes 50 are the same, and thus the refrigerant is flowed into each chamber 12 in the same amount.
- the flattened pipes 20, the fins 30, and the pair of headers 10 are simultaneously joined by means of brazing in a furnace in an assembled state, and then the distributor 40 and each respective capillary tube 50 are connected to each other.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus to which the heat exchanger in Fig. 1 is applied.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus 60 includes a compressor 61, a condenser 62, an expansion valve 63 as a pressure reducing device, and an evaporator 64.
- the heat exchanger 1 is used in at least one of the condenser 62 and the evaporator 64.
- a gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 61 flows into the condenser 62, exchanges heat with air passing through the condenser 62, to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and flows out therefrom.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant having flowed out of the condenser 62 is reduced in pressure by the expansion valve 63 to become a low-pressure two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant, and flows into the evaporator 64.
- the low-pressure two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant having flowed into the evaporator 64 exchanges heat with air passing through the evaporator 64, to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is sucked into the compressor 61 again.
- a flow of the refrigerant in the case where the heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 .
- a solid arrow indicates the flow of the refrigerant in the case where the heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator.
- the flow of the two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant having flowed out of the expansion valve 63 first enters into the distributor 40 and is made into a spray flow.
- the refrigerant made into a spray flow is uniformly distributed to the respective capillary tubes 50 and flows thereinto.
- the refrigerant having passed through the respective capillary tubes 50 flows into the respective chambers 12 of the header 10a.
- the division plates 11 are provided to divide the interior of the header 10a, and the refrigerant is flowed into each chamber 12 at which the head difference is small.
- the effect of the head difference on the refrigerant having flowed into each chamber 12 is reduced, and the refrigerant in each chamber 12 is uniformly distributed to each flattened pipe 20 connected to the chamber 12 and flows thereinto.
- the refrigerant having flowed into each flattened pipe 20 flows through the through holes 20a of the flattened pipe 20 toward the header 10b, joins each other in the header 10b, and flows out of the heat exchanger 1 through an external connection pipe 14.
- a flow of the refrigerant in the case where the heat exchanger 1 is used as a condenser will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 4 .
- a dotted arrow indicates the flow of the refrigerant in the case where the heat exchanger 1 is used as a condenser.
- the refrigerant is in a gas state, uniform distribution of the refrigerant is easy.
- a refrigerant distributing device such as a distributor is unnecessary, and a configuration is provided in which the flow of the gas refrigerant having flowed out of the compressor 61 is directly flowed into the header 10b.
- each flattened pipe 20 flows through the through holes 20a of the flattened pipe 20 toward the header 10a and flows into each chamber 12 of the header 10a.
- the refrigerant having flowed into each chamber 12 flows into the distributor 40 via each capillary tube 50, joins each other therein, and flows out of the heat exchanger 1.
- a two-phase refrigerant flow having entered thereinto is uniformly distributed by the distributor 40, and the uniformly distributed refrigerant is flowed into each chamber 12 at which the head difference is reduced.
- the effect of the head difference on the refrigerant having flowed into each chamber 12 is reduced, thereby allowing the refrigerant to be uniformly distributed and flowed into each flattened pipe 20 to suppress a drift. Therefore, use of the refrigerant distributing device including the distributor 40 and the header 10a allows the capacity of the evaporator to be maximized to increase the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 1 as an evaporator.
- each division plate 11 may be determined in consideration of the head difference that allows uniform distribution. Provision of only a minimum necessary number of division plates 11 allows cost reduction.
- the refrigerant distributing device and the heat exchanger according to the present invention are not limited to the structure shown in Fig. 1 , and various changes such as (1) to (3) below may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the wind speed of air blown from a fan to the heat exchanger 1 is not necessarily uniform over the entire surface of the heat exchanger 1, and a wind speed distribution exists therein.
- a wind speed distribution exists therein.
- the wind speed is higher at the upper portion of the heat exchanger 1 than at a lower portion thereof.
- the heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator, the refrigerant passing through a portion where the wind speed is high progresses in gasification further than the refrigerant passing through a portion where the wind speed is low, and is easily dried.
- the refrigerant having passed through the portion where the wind speed is high has higher quality than that of the refrigerant having passed through the portion where the wind speed is low, and the state of the refrigerant flowing into the header 10b is varied.
- the state of the refrigerant flowing out of the external connection pipe 14 is not stable.
- the heights of the chambers 12 are decreased such that a heat-exchange region per chamber is reduced in size, whereby the number of flattened pipes connected to the chamber 12 is decreased. This will be specifically described below with reference to Fig. 6 .
- Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the principle of determining the height of each chamber in accordance with a wind speed distribution and shows here a case where a wind speed at the upper side is high and a wind speed at the lower side is low.
- each chamber 12A at the upper side at which the wind speed is high is made smaller than the height of each chamber 12B at the lower side at which the wind speed is low, so that the number of the flattened pipes connected to each chamber 12A is made smaller than the number of the flattened pipes connected to each chamber 12B.
- a heat-exchange region A at the chamber 12A side is smaller than a heat-exchange region B at the chamber 12B side, and the heat transfer area is small, so to speak. Therefore, the substantial heat exchange amount is substantially the same in the heat-exchange region A and the heat-exchange region B, and it is possible to make the refrigerant state at an outlet to be uniform.
- the amount of the refrigerant flowing into each chamber 12 is the same and the refrigerant state at the outlet is made uniform by changing the heights of the chambers 12.
- the following case may be employed. Specifically, the height of each chamber 12 is made the same, and the distribution amount of the refrigerant flowing into each chamber 12 is changed.
- the distribution amount of the refrigerant flowing into each chamber 12 may be determined in accordance with a wind speed distribution, and the specifications (length, inner diameter) of each capillary tube 50 may be determined such that the determined distribution amount is achieved.
- the capillary tubes 50 are selected such that the distribution amount for each chamber 12 to which the flattened pipes 20 located at the portion where the wind speed is high are connected is large and the distribution amount for each chamber 12 to which the flattened pipes 20 at the portion where the wind speed is low are connected is small.
- heat exchanger 10 header 10a header 10b header 11 division plate 12 chamber 12A chamber 12B chamber 13 through hole 14 external connection pipe 20 flattened pipe (heat-transfer pipe) 30 fin 40 distributor 50 capillary tube 60 refrigeration cycle apparatus 61 compressor 62 condenser 63 expansion valve 64 evaporator 70 orifice 71 through hole A heat-exchange region B heat-exchange region
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a refrigerant distributing device that is mounted to a heat exchanger used in a refrigeration cycle apparatus such as an air- conditioning apparatus and distributes a refrigerant, and a heat exchanger including the refrigerant distributing device.
- Conventionally, there is a heat exchanger in which a pair of headers extends in an up-down direction so as to be spaced apart from each other in a right-left direction, a plurality of flattened pipes are disposed in parallel between the pair of headers, and both end portions of each of a plurality of heat exchange pipes communicate with the pair of headers. In the case where such a heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, a refrigerant flows thereinto as a two-phase gas-liquid flow, and thus liquid stays in the gravitational direction within the header at an inlet side, while gas stays in an upper portion within the header. Thus, it is not possible to uniformly distribute the refrigerant to each flattened pipe, resulting in deterioration of the performance of the heat exchanger.
- Therefore, in the case where the heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the header at the inlet side is required to have a function to uniformly distribute the refrigerant. As such a refrigerant distributing device, conventionally, there is a refrigerant distributing device in which a loop-shaped flow path is formed within a header so as to be turned in an up-down direction, a flow of a two-phase refrigerant having flowed therein is circulated within the header to be made uniform, whereby the refrigerant is distributed to each of a plurality of heat-transfer pipes (see, e.g., Patent Literature 1).
- In addition, as an evaporator that allows uniform distribution of a refrigerant, there is an evaporator that has a configuration in which a pair of headers extends in a right-left direction (the horizontal direction) so as to be spaced apart from each other and a plurality of flattened pipes are disposed in parallel between the pair of headers, and in which a plurality of refrigerant inlets are provided in the header at an inlet side so as to be spaced apart from each other in the right-left direction, and a refrigerant is jetted and flowed from each refrigerant inlet into the header via an orifice (see, e.g., Patent Literature 2).
-
- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2011-85324 Fig. 1 ) - Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2000-249428 Fig. 4 ) - With the structure of
Patent Literature 1, although an effect of refrigerant uniform distribution is observed at a certain level, all of the plurality of heat-transfer pipes communicate with each other in the interior of the header and thus are influenced in the interior of the header by a head difference. Therefore, the refrigerant distribution effect cannot be sufficient and further improvement thereof is desired. - In
Patent Literature 2, since the header is horizontally mounted, the header is not influenced by a head difference. However, in the case where the header is mounted so as to stand in the up-down direction, a liquid is likely to stay in a lower portion under influence of the head difference. - The present invention has been made in view of such points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant distributing device that is able to uniformly distribute a refrigerant by suppressing the influence of a head difference, and a heat exchanger including the refrigerant distributing device. Solution to Problem
- A refrigerant distributing device according to the present invention includes: a header having a configuration in which the header is connected to one end of each of a plurality of heat-transfer pipes of a heat exchanger that flows a refrigerant in parallel to the plurality of heat-transfer pipes disposed in parallel and an interior of the header is divided, by one or more division plates, in a parallel direction in which the plurality of heat-transfer pipes are disposed, the header being mounted so as to stand in an up-down direction; and a distributor configured to distribute the refrigerant to each chamber within the header divided by the division plates and flow the refrigerant into each chamber.
- According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a refrigerant distributing device that is able to uniformly distribute a refrigerant by suppressing the influence of a head difference. It is possible to obtain an effective effect particularly when the header is mounted so as to stand in the up-down direction. Brief Description of Drawings
-
- [
Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger including a refrigerant distributing device according to one embodiment of the present invention. - [
Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the refrigerant distributing device inFig. 1 . - [
Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a flattened pipe inFig. 1 . - [
Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus to which the heat exchanger inFig. 1 is applied. - [
Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the refrigerant distributing device. - [
Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the principle of determining the height of each chamber in accordance with a wind speed distribution. -
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat exchanger including a refrigerant distributing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the refrigerant distributing device inFig. 1 . InFigs. 1 and 2 and the figures described below, portions designated by the same reference signs are the same or equivalent portions, and the same applies to the entire specification. In addition, the forms of constituent elements described in the entire specification are merely illustrative and not limited to these descriptions. - A
heat exchanger 1 is a parallel-flow type heat exchanger which flows a refrigerant in parallel, and includes a pair of headers 10 (10a, 10b) each header is spaced apart from each other in a right-left direction and stands in an up-down direction; and a plurality of flattened pipes (heat-transfer pipes) 20 that are disposed in parallel in the up-down direction between the pair ofheaders 10 and both ends of each of which are connected to the pair ofheaders 10. Theheat exchanger 1 further includes a plurality offins 30 and adistributor 40. The pair ofheaders 10, theflattened pipes 20, and thefins 30 is formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Thedistributor 40 is connected to theheader 10a viacapillary tubes 50 and forms a refrigerant distributing device with theheader 10a. - The
fins 30 are plate-shaped fins that are stacked between the pair ofheaders 10 so as to be spaced apart from each other and between which air passes. The plurality offlattened pipes 20 extend through thefins 30. Thefins 30 may not necessarily be plate-shaped fins. For example, thefins 30 may be, for example, wave-shaped fins that are stacked in the up-down direction alternately with theflattened pipes 20, and in short, may be fins that are disposed so as to allow air to pass therethrough in an air passing direction. - As shown in
Fig. 3 , eachflattened pipe 20 has a plurality of throughholes 20a serving as refrigerant flow paths. - The interior of the
header 10a is divided by one ormore division plates 11 in the up-down direction into a plurality ofchambers 12. Here, eightchambers 12 are formed by sevendivision plates 11. At eachchamber 12, a plurality of throughholes 13 are formed so as to be aligned in the up-down direction. Theflattened pipe 20 is connected to each throughhole 13. In addition, eachchamber 12 is connected to thedistributor 40 via thecapillary tube 50. - The
distributor 40 includes therein an orifice (not shown) that reduces a flow of the refrigerant. In the case where theheat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator, thedistributor 40 causes a two-phase gas-liquid flow entering thereinto to be a spray flow (uniform flow) by passing the refrigerant through the orifice, thereby making the refrigerant into a state where uniform distribution of the refrigerant is easy. The refrigerant made into a spray flow is uniformly distributed to the respectivecapillary tubes 50 and flows thereinto, and flows into therespective chambers 12 through thecapillary tubes 50. - Each
capillary tube 50 adjusts the pressure loss therein with its specifications (length, inner diameter), thereby adjusting a distribution ratio to eachchamber 12 of theheader 10a. Here, the specifications of all of thecapillary tubes 50 are the same, and thus the refrigerant is flowed into eachchamber 12 in the same amount. - In manufacturing the
heat exchanger 1 configured as described above, theflattened pipes 20, thefins 30, and the pair ofheaders 10 are simultaneously joined by means of brazing in a furnace in an assembled state, and then thedistributor 40 and each respectivecapillary tube 50 are connected to each other. -
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus to which the heat exchanger inFig. 1 is applied. - A
refrigeration cycle apparatus 60 includes acompressor 61, acondenser 62, anexpansion valve 63 as a pressure reducing device, and anevaporator 64. Theheat exchanger 1 is used in at least one of thecondenser 62 and theevaporator 64. A gas refrigerant discharged from thecompressor 61 flows into thecondenser 62, exchanges heat with air passing through thecondenser 62, to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and flows out therefrom. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant having flowed out of thecondenser 62 is reduced in pressure by theexpansion valve 63 to become a low-pressure two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant, and flows into theevaporator 64. The low-pressure two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant having flowed into theevaporator 64 exchanges heat with air passing through theevaporator 64, to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is sucked into thecompressor 61 again. - Hereinafter, a flow of the refrigerant in the case where the
heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator will be described with reference toFigs. 1 to 4 . InFig. 1 , a solid arrow indicates the flow of the refrigerant in the case where theheat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator. - The flow of the two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant having flowed out of the
expansion valve 63 first enters into thedistributor 40 and is made into a spray flow. The refrigerant made into a spray flow is uniformly distributed to therespective capillary tubes 50 and flows thereinto. The refrigerant having passed through therespective capillary tubes 50 flows into therespective chambers 12 of theheader 10a. - Here, in the case with a configuration of the related art in which no division plate is provided in a header, since the entire interior of the header is a single space, a head difference due to the gravity is great, and thus a drift is likely to occur. However, in the present embodiment, the
division plates 11 are provided to divide the interior of theheader 10a, and the refrigerant is flowed into eachchamber 12 at which the head difference is small. Thus, the effect of the head difference on the refrigerant having flowed into eachchamber 12 is reduced, and the refrigerant in eachchamber 12 is uniformly distributed to each flattenedpipe 20 connected to thechamber 12 and flows thereinto. - The refrigerant having flowed into each flattened
pipe 20 flows through the throughholes 20a of the flattenedpipe 20 toward theheader 10b, joins each other in theheader 10b, and flows out of theheat exchanger 1 through anexternal connection pipe 14. - Hereinafter, a flow of the refrigerant in the case where the
heat exchanger 1 is used as a condenser will be described with reference toFigs. 1 and4 . InFig. 1 , a dotted arrow indicates the flow of the refrigerant in the case where theheat exchanger 1 is used as a condenser. - The flow of the gas refrigerant having flowed out of the
compressor 61 enters into theheader 10b, is uniformly distributed therein, and flows into each flattenedpipe 20. When the refrigerant is in a gas state, uniform distribution of the refrigerant is easy. Thus, a refrigerant distributing device such as a distributor is unnecessary, and a configuration is provided in which the flow of the gas refrigerant having flowed out of thecompressor 61 is directly flowed into theheader 10b. - Then, the refrigerant having flowed into each flattened
pipe 20 flows through the throughholes 20a of the flattenedpipe 20 toward theheader 10a and flows into eachchamber 12 of theheader 10a. The refrigerant having flowed into eachchamber 12 flows into thedistributor 40 via eachcapillary tube 50, joins each other therein, and flows out of theheat exchanger 1. - According to the embodiment described above, in the case where the
heat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator, a two-phase refrigerant flow having entered thereinto is uniformly distributed by thedistributor 40, and the uniformly distributed refrigerant is flowed into eachchamber 12 at which the head difference is reduced. Thus, the effect of the head difference on the refrigerant having flowed into eachchamber 12 is reduced, thereby allowing the refrigerant to be uniformly distributed and flowed into each flattenedpipe 20 to suppress a drift. Therefore, use of the refrigerant distributing device including thedistributor 40 and theheader 10a allows the capacity of the evaporator to be maximized to increase the heat exchange efficiency of theheat exchanger 1 as an evaporator. - The position of each
division plate 11 may be determined in consideration of the head difference that allows uniform distribution. Provision of only a minimum necessary number ofdivision plates 11 allows cost reduction. - In addition, the refrigerant distributing device and the heat exchanger according to the present invention are not limited to the structure shown in
Fig. 1 , and various changes such as (1) to (3) below may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. -
- (1) A drift suppression member for suppressing a distribution drift may further be provided at a refrigerant inflow portion of each
chamber 12.
Any member that is able to suppress a distribution drift may be used as the drift suppression member, and, for example, anorifice 70 may be provided as shown inFig. 5 . Theorifice 70 is provided at a connection port, at eachchamber 12, connected to thecapillary tube 50 and has a throughhole 71 with a smaller inner diameter than that of thecapillary tube 50. Theorifice 70 further reduces the flow of the refrigerant having flowed thereinto from thecapillary tube 50, by means of the throughhole 71, thereby promoting making the refrigerant into a spray flow. The promotion of making the refrigerant into a spray flow makes distribution of the refrigerant to each flattenedpipe 20 in thechamber 12 to be more uniform, thereby allowing a distribution drift to be further suppressed. - (2) The height (the length in a direction in which the plurality of flattened
pipes 20 are disposed in parallel) of eachchamber 12 may be determined in accordance with a wind speed distribution at theheat exchanger 1. - The wind speed of air blown from a fan to the
heat exchanger 1 is not necessarily uniform over the entire surface of theheat exchanger 1, and a wind speed distribution exists therein. For example, in the case of a multi-air-conditioning apparatus for a building, since a fan is provided at an upper portion of theheat exchanger 1, the wind speed is higher at the upper portion of theheat exchanger 1 than at a lower portion thereof. In the case where theheat exchanger 1 is used as an evaporator, the refrigerant passing through a portion where the wind speed is high progresses in gasification further than the refrigerant passing through a portion where the wind speed is low, and is easily dried. Thus, in the case where the amount of the refrigerant flowing into eachchamber 12 is the same, the refrigerant having passed through the portion where the wind speed is high has higher quality than that of the refrigerant having passed through the portion where the wind speed is low, and the state of the refrigerant flowing into theheader 10b is varied. - When the state of the refrigerant is varied as described above, the state of the refrigerant flowing out of the
external connection pipe 14 is not stable. Thus, for a portion of theheader 10a to which the flattenedpipes 20 located at the portion where the wind speed is high are connected, the heights of thechambers 12 are decreased such that a heat-exchange region per chamber is reduced in size, whereby the number of flattened pipes connected to thechamber 12 is decreased. This will be specifically described below with reference toFig. 6 . -
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the principle of determining the height of each chamber in accordance with a wind speed distribution and shows here a case where a wind speed at the upper side is high and a wind speed at the lower side is low. - As shown in
Fig. 6 , the height of eachchamber 12A at the upper side at which the wind speed is high is made smaller than the height of eachchamber 12B at the lower side at which the wind speed is low, so that the number of the flattened pipes connected to eachchamber 12A is made smaller than the number of the flattened pipes connected to eachchamber 12B. Thus, a heat-exchange region A at thechamber 12A side is smaller than a heat-exchange region B at thechamber 12B side, and the heat transfer area is small, so to speak. Therefore, the substantial heat exchange amount is substantially the same in the heat-exchange region A and the heat-exchange region B, and it is possible to make the refrigerant state at an outlet to be uniform. - The case has been described in which the amount of the refrigerant flowing into each
chamber 12 is the same and the refrigerant state at the outlet is made uniform by changing the heights of thechambers 12. However, the following case may be employed. Specifically, the height of eachchamber 12 is made the same, and the distribution amount of the refrigerant flowing into eachchamber 12 is changed. In this case, the distribution amount of the refrigerant flowing into eachchamber 12 may be determined in accordance with a wind speed distribution, and the specifications (length, inner diameter) of eachcapillary tube 50 may be determined such that the determined distribution amount is achieved. Specifically, thecapillary tubes 50 are selected such that the distribution amount for eachchamber 12 to which the flattenedpipes 20 located at the portion where the wind speed is high are connected is large and the distribution amount for eachchamber 12 to which the flattenedpipes 20 at the portion where the wind speed is low are connected is small. - (3) In the present embodiment, the case has been described in which the
entire heat exchanger 1 has substantially an I shape. However, theentire heat exchanger 1 may have substantially an L shape, substantially a U shape, or substantially a rectangular shape. Which shape theheat exchanger 1 has may be determined in accordance with a mounting space, within a housing, for theheat exchanger 1 in which theheat exchanger 1 is mounted. Theheat exchanger 1 may have a shape that maximizes use of the mounting space to allow theheat exchanger 1 to be densely mounted. - (4) In the present embodiment, each heat-transfer pipe is a flattened pipe, but may not necessarily be a flattened pipe and may be a circular pipe. Reference Signs List
- 1
heat exchanger 10header 10aheader 10b headerdivision plate 12chamber 12Achamber 12B chamberhole 14external connection pipe 20 flattened pipe (heat-transfer pipe) 30fin 40distributor 50capillary tube 60refrigeration cycle apparatus 61compressor 62condenser 63expansion valve 64evaporator 70orifice 71 through hole A heat-exchange region B heat-exchange region
Claims (7)
- A refrigerant distributing device comprising:a header having a configuration in which the header is connected to one end of each of a plurality of heat-transfer pipes of a heat exchanger that flows a refrigerant in parallel to the plurality of heat-transfer pipes disposed in parallel and an interior of the header is divided, by one or more division plates, in a parallel direction in which the plurality of heat-transfer pipes are disposed, the header being mounted so as to stand in an up-down direction; anda distributor configured to distribute the refrigerant to each chamber within the header divided by the division plates and flow the refrigerant into each chamber.
- The refrigerant distributing device of claim 1, wherein a drift suppression member is provided at a refrigerant inflow portion of each chamber so as to suppress a drift of the refrigerant.
- The refrigerant distributing device of claim 2, wherein the drift suppression member is an orifice configured to reduce a flow of the refrigerant.
- The refrigerant distributing device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a position of the division plates is set in accordance with a wind speed distribution at the heat exchanger, and the position of the division plate is set such that a length, in the parallel direction, of the chamber to which the heat-transfer pipes passing through a portion where a wind speed is high are connected is shorter than a length, in the parallel direction, of the chamber to which the heat-transfer pipes passing through a portion where the wind speed is low are connected.
- The refrigerant distributing device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the distributor is connected to each of the respective chambers via each of a plurality of capillary tubes that allow a flow rate of the refrigerant to be adjusted, a distribution amount of the refrigerant flowed into each chamber is set in accordance with a wind speed distribution at the heat exchanger, the plurality of capillary tubes are selected such that a distribution amount for the chamber to which the heat-transfer pipes located at a portion where a wind speed is high are connected is larger than a distribution amount for the chamber to which the heat-transfer pipes located at the portion where the wind speed is low are connected.
- A heat exchanger comprising the refrigerant distributing device of any one of claims 1 to 5.
- The heat exchanger of claim 6, wherein the parallel direction in which the plurality of heat-transfer pipes are disposed is the up-down direction, the header is mounted so as to stand in the up-down direction, and each heat-transfer pipe is a flattened pipe having a plurality of through holes that are refrigerant flow paths.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/002860 WO2013160952A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2012-04-26 | Coolant distributor, and heat exchanger equipped with coolant distributor |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2853843A1 true EP2853843A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2853843A4 EP2853843A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2853843B1 EP2853843B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
Family
ID=49482329
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12875000.7A Active EP2853843B1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2012-04-26 | A refrigerant distributing device, and heat exchanger equipped with such a refrigerant distributing device |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150101363A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2853843B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5901748B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN104272040B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2784132T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013160952A1 (en) |
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- 2012-04-26 CN CN201280072638.5A patent/CN104272040B/en active Active
- 2012-04-26 ES ES12875000T patent/ES2784132T3/en active Active
- 2012-04-26 US US14/395,875 patent/US20150101363A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-26 WO PCT/JP2012/002860 patent/WO2013160952A1/en active Application Filing
-
2013
- 2013-04-26 CN CN2013202178315U patent/CN203274373U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN112567193B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2022-06-03 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Heat exchanger and air conditioner |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104272040A (en) | 2015-01-07 |
WO2013160952A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
US20150101363A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
EP2853843A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
JP5901748B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
CN104272040B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
ES2784132T3 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
EP2853843B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
JPWO2013160952A1 (en) | 2015-12-21 |
CN203274373U (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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