EP2821242B1 - Élément de sécurité pour documents de valeur - Google Patents

Élément de sécurité pour documents de valeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2821242B1
EP2821242B1 EP14002031.4A EP14002031A EP2821242B1 EP 2821242 B1 EP2821242 B1 EP 2821242B1 EP 14002031 A EP14002031 A EP 14002031A EP 2821242 B1 EP2821242 B1 EP 2821242B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
micro
image
security element
cavity structure
microcavities
Prior art date
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Active
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EP14002031.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2821242A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Lochbihler
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication of EP2821242A1 publication Critical patent/EP2821242A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for producing value documents, such as banknotes, checks or the like, which has a substrate with a top side and at least one image, the image being formed by a microcavity structure having a plurality of adjacent microcavities and a smooth region in that the microcavities each have a feature width of 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m and a structure depth perpendicularly thereto in a spatial direction lying parallel to the top side and have an aspect ratio which is defined by the ratio of structure depth to feature size, and on the microcavity structure and the smooth Area a metal-containing coating is applied.
  • the invention further relates to a value document with such a security element.
  • the invention also relates to a production method for a security element for documents of value, such as banknotes, checks or the like, which provides at least one image, wherein on a substrate having an upper side, to form an image, a microcavity structure having a multiplicity of adjacent microcavities, and a smooth region is formed, the microcavities are each formed in a spatial direction lying parallel to the upper side with a feature width of 0.5 .mu.m to 3 .mu.m and perpendicular to it with a structure depth and have an aspect ratio which is defined by the ratio of structure depth to structure width , And on the micro cavity structure and the smooth area a metal-containing coating is applied.
  • Microcavity structures are also known to effect absorption of incident radiation thereby providing, for example, a background to an image.
  • the EP 1434695 B1 describes an absorbent structure having a period less than the wavelength of light.
  • the structure is constructed as a cross lattice with a sinusoidal profile.
  • the WO 2005/106601 A2 relates to moiré magnification arrangements with microimages consisting of antireflecting areas and partially reflecting areas.
  • the antireflective surface is formed by nanostructures with a period less than 700 nm and a depth between 150 and 350 nm.
  • microlens array multilayer bodies are described in which micro images are generated by micro-holes or by areas with different opacity.
  • the WO 2002/101669 A2 describes microimages formed by fine dots or perforations.
  • the EP 1476317 A1 as well as the US 7468842 B2 describe concave surfaces, picture elements as relief surfaces which are filled with color, and light trap patterns formed by sub-wavelength structures for generating microimages for moiré magnification arrangements.
  • a matte structure for a security element which has a plurality of microelements each having a lateral dimension of less than 50 microns, wherein at least one geometry parameter The microelements vary randomly to produce the matte effect.
  • the geometry parameter can be the depth of the microelements.
  • the WO 2005/095119 A1 describes a security element in the form of a multi-layered film body, which shows an angle-dependent color shift effect by means of interference.
  • a relief structure is formed in a replication lacquer layer, which is designed with regard to its geometry in such a way that the color shift effect is produced only in individual sections.
  • the aspect ratio of the relief structure is varied.
  • the DE 102006050047 A1 describes a see-through security element with microstructures formed as microcavities spaced 1 ⁇ m apart.
  • Metallized security elements which have an increased transmission in finely structured areas are known from US Pat EP 1786632 B1 known. It discloses a relief structure provided with a metal layer, which is designed as a diffractive structure and contains regions of sinusoidal linear gratings or of cross gratings which have a period in the sub-wavelength range. In order to achieve the desired transmission effect, the structural elements have an aspect ratio of greater than 0.5. The production of such structures, in particular also the replication and embossing of sub-wavelength structures with a high aspect ratio, is not without problems.
  • a reflective security element that has a microcavity structure that functions as retroreflectors.
  • a colored image is produced in plan view.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide an improved security element with microcavities structured image, which is less restricted in terms of manufacturing and yet can provide a visible in transmission high-resolution image.
  • the increased transmission of the microcavity structure of the invention can be used, in particular, to produce security elements with high-resolution see-through motifs.
  • the image information of the image is coded by the shape of the microcavity structure. A high degree of detail is possible without a complicated printing process, etc. would be required.
  • the transmission of the microcavities is adjusted by the aspect ratio in combination with the coating of the microcavities.
  • the aspect ratio of the microcavities is preferably between 0.3 and 0.8, more preferably between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • microcavities whose structure width is in the range of 5 ⁇ m and more and thus orders of magnitude greater than the wavelength of the incident light can be described by the beam optics.
  • Such microcavities may have retroreflective properties for certain geometries.
  • the structure width is on the order of the wavelength of light, the light diffraction dominates the microcavities, whereas the laws of geometric optics are only valid as approximation (cf. H. Ichikawa, "Numerical analysis of microretroreflectors: transition from reflection to diffraction", J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6, p. 121, 2004 ).
  • the diffraction behavior of microcavities with feature sizes in the micrometer range, as used in the invention, has not been fully investigated scientifically. This applies in particular to microcavities which are coated with a multilayer structure.
  • microcavities used in the security element are so large that light diffraction does not (anymore) dominate, but on the other hand so small that radiation optical reflection does not (yet) dominate.
  • This intermediate area has been found to be advantageous for manufacturability and security against forgery of the security element.
  • a dimension or aperture width of 2 to 3 .mu.m diffraction of the light gradually occurs at structures in the order of magnitude of the wavelength, as a result of which the scattering or the diffraction fraction increases. Above this limit, on the other hand, the proportion of specular reflection increases. Then the profile shape of the microcavities becomes more relevant. A lateral feature size of a microcavity not exceeding 3 ⁇ m is therefore favorable.
  • a total lateral size of the microcavities in at least one spatial direction is between 0.5 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 0.7 ⁇ m and / or less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m.
  • microcavities according to the invention are in particular no retroreflectors.
  • Each microcavity can be understood as a picture element in the form of a pixel producing a transparency in the form of a transparency.
  • the selected size range leads to a good pixel density with usual image sizes.
  • a specific coating method, in particular a directional coating method is not required for this purpose.
  • the coating thickness in each microcavity can be homogeneous and there is no thinning of the coating z. B. on the flanks of the microcavities needed.
  • the layer thickness is thus optionally equal to the bottom and flanks of the microcavity.
  • a metal-containing coating is to be understood as meaning both a coating which consists only of metal and a layer structure which contains metal.
  • a layer structure may consist of a single composite layer which has metal deposits. But it can also consist of a multi-layer structure in which one or more layers are metallic.
  • An example explained in more detail below comprises an interference layer structure comprising a metal layer.
  • the invention further achieves that the security element can also be seen in reflection, since the metal-containing coating produces a higher reflection in the smooth areas than at the locations of the security element which carry microcavity structures. Since the microcavity structures increase the transparency of the see-through element, but reduce the reflection, an intensity inversion takes place between viewing in reflected light and in view. This increases the recognizability and formative effect of the security element.
  • the smooth areas may have some roughness unless an average aspect ratio of 0.2 is overlapped.
  • the microcavity structure allows to structure the image.
  • the transmission is reduced in accordance with the area fraction of the microcavities with respect to the total area.
  • a distance between two adjacent microcavities in the microcavity structure which is between 0 and 200 nm, is therefore advantageous.
  • the microcavities in the microcavity structure abut each other directly.
  • the aspect ratio of the microcavities has an effect on their transmission behavior. It is therefore preferred to structure the first image area of the image, in particular the foreground, by two different types of microcavities which differ in aspect ratio. Deeper microcavities have higher brightness in transmitted light viewing than shallower microcavities.
  • a continuous intensity variation in transmitted light can be achieved if the aspect ratio of the microcavities in the microcavity structure varies according to a predetermined pattern defining the first image area, in particular the foreground of the image.
  • the metal-containing coating is an interference layer structure with the layer sequence metal-dielectric-metal. Then, resonance effects can be exploited that play a role in certain aspect ratios, in particular in combination with specific aperture widths. In this way, not only the transmission and reflection effect of the micro cavity structures can be adjusted, it can also produce a color effect, which may depend for example on the viewing angle.
  • microcavities coated with an interference layer structure show a strong intensity or color contrast with respect to the smooth area.
  • SiO 2 is suitable as the dielectric, as aluminum aluminum or chromium.
  • a particularly good brightness difference in transmitted light is obtained in the case of an interference layer structure which is symmetrical with respect to its material sequence and / or layer thickness sequence.
  • a layer sequence of aluminum SiO 2 -aluminium wherein the layer thickness of the aluminum between 7 and 25 nm, preferably between 10 and 15 nm, and that of SiO 2 is between 70 and 250 nm.
  • the metal-containing coating may be formed by a metal layer.
  • a metal layer Such a configuration is particularly advantageous if the smooth areas should appear opaque.
  • metal also includes metal alloys.
  • metal layers for example, layers of aluminum, copper, chromium, silver, gold or an Al-Cu alloy into consideration, wherein the layer thickness of the metal layer is preferably between 10 and 100 nm.
  • a particularly strong light-dark contrast in the transmitted light can be generated.
  • this contrast comes at the expense of a color effect, which can then be realized only very weakly. It is therefore particularly preferred for such embodiments that above or below the microcavity structure and the smooth area a color layer is provided in order to produce a color effect in the transmitted light.
  • the aspect ratio of the microcavities and the coating modulate the intensity with which the individual microcavities transmit light and thus make the image visible in transmitted light.
  • the aspect ratio is the ratio of maximum depth to minimum lateral extent and varies according to the desired image structure in the security element. Elaborate printing processes to provide small yet finely structured images are therefore no longer necessary. Instead, simple replication methods can be used to create microcavities.
  • the image information can be represented by the corresponding distribution of the microcavities in the form of a monochrome image. Different aspect ratios or a continuous variation of the aspect ratio are of course possible and lead to a grayscale image.
  • the surface coating on the microcavities does not laterally change in the security element in order to generate different magnitudes in transmission. It is essentially the same for all microcavities, and yet a different transimpression of the microcavities with respect to the smooth area and also within the microcavity structure is achieved by microcavities with different aspect ratios.
  • microcavities can basically have any shape in their opening, for example square apertures. However, it is also possible to design microcavities in such a way that their edges form the boundary region of a picture element or motif of the picture. As a result, image elements within the image can be sharply delimited from one another, since the edges of the image elements are very clearly visible.
  • the geometry of the microcavities is by no means limited to rotationally symmetrical shapes or shapes which have a circular outline in plan view, ie in their aperture. Aspheres or free-form surfaces, such as B. of lamp reflectors are known, can be used equally.
  • a non-rotationally symmetric aperture in particular a channel-shaped aperture, is furthermore possible. The two types may then differ in the direction along which the non-rotationally symmetric microcavities extend.
  • groove-shaped depressions can be used, the For example, have the shape of a half-cylinder, which is curved only in one direction, but in the other longitudinally extended.
  • non-rotationally symmetric microcavities with different orientations can also be used to realize effects that convey a three-dimensional object impression to a viewer.
  • the height information or the distance of the object to be displayed to the observer can be coded by the orientation angle of such microcavities.
  • a viewer perceives a laterally different parallax in the flat, microcavity-structured surface.
  • the spatial impression can be enhanced by additionally varying the structure depth of the microcavities as a function of the height or the reflection properties of the object during the production of the microcavities.
  • a spatial impression can also be achieved if the intensity profile of the motif is converted pixel by pixel into such microcavities with encoded orientation angle.
  • the preparation can be carried out analogously to the known production method for microlenses.
  • the original of the microcavity structure is written via direct exposure with the help of a laserwriter in a photoresist coated substrate and then removed the exposed portion of the photoresist.
  • An exposed original can then be galvanically formed and thus an embossing stamp can be created.
  • the structure is replicated by means of an embossing process, for example in UV varnish on film or directly (for example by hot stamping in the surface of the film).
  • a nanoimprint method can be used.
  • a coating of the surface, z. B. with a metal layer and / or an interference layer structure is possible.
  • electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering or thermal evaporation under vacuum are possible.
  • the structure for protection is preferably laminated with a cover layer.
  • microcavities with different aspect ratios can also be produced solely by varying the depth of the microcavities, for example via a corresponding variation of the exposure intensity of a laserwriter. Such an approach offers the advantage of a much simpler data preparation.
  • the security element can in particular be designed as a security thread, tear-open thread, security tape, security strip, patch, film element or as a label.
  • the security element may span transparent areas or recesses and / or be used for a security card or identity document (e.g., passport).
  • the security element can be part of a precursor that can not yet be processed to a value document which, in addition to the security element according to the invention, can also have further authenticity features (such as, for example, luminescent substances provided in the volume).
  • value documents are here understood on the one hand as having the security element having documents.
  • value documents can also be other documents and objects which can be provided with the security element according to the invention, so that the value documents have non-copyable authenticity features, whereby a verification of authenticity is possible and unwanted copies are prevented at the same time.
  • Chip or security cards such. Bank or credit cards are other examples of a value document.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention can be designed so that the described preferred embodiments and embodiments of the security element are produced.
  • a security element 1 is described below, which is an image in transmission, d. H. in transmitted light.
  • the image is created by a microcavity structure.
  • the security element 1 is constructed on a transparent film 2 on which an embossing lacquer layer 3 is located.
  • a microcavity structure 4 is formed, which has microcavities 5, 6 of different depths.
  • a smooth area 7 is present on the security element 1.
  • the microcavities have expansions that can not be resolved by the unaided eye.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of some microcavities.
  • a feature width w is entered. It represents the smallest cross section in a plan view of the microcavity structure 4
  • FIG. 2 the structure depth t of the individual microcavities is entered.
  • the structure width w of each microcavity is between 0.5 and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the texture depth t is selected such that an aspect ratio t / w for each of the microcavities of the microcavity structure 4 is greater than 0, 3, preferably between 0.3 and 0.5.
  • the microcavities are so big that a light diffraction not (anymore) dominated, but on the other hand so small in terms of their structure width w and the structure depth t that radiation-optical effects do not (yet) dominate.
  • the microcavity structure 4 forms the security element 1 as a see-through element, the brightness in transmission being different in the area of the microcavity structure 4 than in the smooth area 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in the micro cavity structure 4 microcavities 5 and 6 different aspect ratio.
  • the size ranges mentioned apply, in particular an aspect ratio of 0.3 to 0.5.
  • the smooth area 7 and the shallower microcavities cause less light transmission than the deeper microcavities.
  • embossing lacquer layer 5 would be thinner in the region of the microcavity structure 4. Due to the layer thicknesses of the embossing lacquer layer, which are several orders of magnitude thicker than the structure depth t, and due to the fact that the embossing lacquer layer 3 is transparent, the different transmission in transmitted light can not be due to a lack of material thickness of the embossing lacquer layer 3.
  • the difference or the observed effect of the increased transmission in the areas provided with microcavities does not come about solely because relatively less metal accumulates in the microcavities because of the increased surface area of the microcavities compared to a flat area.
  • the different transmission is effected in particular by providing a metal-containing coating 9 on the upper side of the security element 1 both in the area of the microcavity structure 4 and in the smooth area 7.
  • a metal-containing coating 9 on the upper side of the security element 1 both in the area of the microcavity structure 4 and in the smooth area 7.
  • the coating 9 is constructed as an interference layer system, for example in the form of a three-layer system.
  • the layer sequence Al-SiO 2 -Al is used.
  • a structuring is thus provided in the security element which provides image areas, namely image areas 8a, which are formed by the smooth area 7 and appear dark.
  • image areas 8b and 8c in which the microcavity structure 4 lies are lighter, the image area 8b appearing brighter than the image area 8c because its microcavities 5 have a lower aspect ratio than the microcavities 6 of the image area 8c.
  • the microcavity structure 4 like the smooth area 7, be provided with the same coating 9.
  • the brightness differences in transmission then require no structuring of the coating 9.
  • the image information is coded by an embossing process, namely by the appropriate embossing of the embossing lacquer layer 3. A high-resolution printing process, etc. is not necessary.
  • the thickness of the coating 9 is also uniform within each microcavity 5, 6. Then it is not necessary to use special coating methods which lead to a thinning of the coating 9 in the flanks of the microcavities 5, 6 of the microcavity structure 4, although of course such coating methods according to the invention are possible.
  • a coating method which comprises an undirected vapor deposition of the layers.
  • a coating method is, for example, sputtering.
  • other layer application methods are used, for example, chemical deposition methods, etc., which achieve a uniform layer thickness 9, in each case as far as the surface normal.
  • deposition method a layer thickness is realized which is essentially the same on the microcavity structure 4 and the smooth region 7.
  • the thickness of the coating 9 at the flanks of the microcavities 5, 6 of the microcavity structure 4 is thinned out. Such thinning on the flanks additionally increases the transmission in the region of the microcavities.
  • Suitable coating methods with which a directional coating is possible For example, electron beam evaporation or thermal evaporation.
  • the coating 9 is embodied in all embodiments in such a way that the brightness differs between the smooth regions 7 and the microcavity structure 4 in transmission by at least 10%.
  • By appropriate design of the coating 9 in combination with corresponding geometry of the micro cavity structure 4 is ensured in this way that in transmitted light sufficient brightness difference between the smooth areas 7 and the micro cavity structure 4 is present.
  • the metallic coating 9 brings about a further advantage.
  • the motif produced by the microcavity structure 4 is also recognizable - with a contrast reversal compared to the transmitted-light observation.
  • the brightness L * is thus almost twice as large in the region of the microcavity structure 4 as in the smooth region 7.
  • the chroma C * is considerably higher in the smooth region 7.
  • the color h is largely similar for both areas.
  • a security element has microcavities of different depths, namely comparatively flat microcavities 5 with an aspect ratio of 0.3 and comparatively deep microcavities 6 with an aspect ratio of 0.5.
  • the element is vapor-deposited with an 80 nm-thick aluminum layer.
  • the following L * C * h values are obtained: Area L * C * H 5 50 5 82 6 69 4 73 7 ⁇ 1 - -
  • the brightness values L * show that the bright-dark contrast is very pronounced.
  • the smooth area 7 is almost opaque. But there is also a clear contrast between deep and shallow microcavities 5, 6 recognizable.
  • the transmission is almost color neutral. It appears in a slight shade of green.
  • the chroma values C * are relatively small. It is therefore provided in a development, by applying a color layer above or below the embossing lacquer layer 3 additionally to produce a color in transmission.
  • the spectral transmission was measured with a spectrophotometer (Lambda 900, Perkin Elmer) and the color values L *, C *, h then according to the known method (see, inter alia GA Klein, Industrial Color Physics, Springer, 2010 ) calculated from the measured spectra.
  • the calculation of the values L *, C * and h of the above tables was based on the spectral emission of a D65 standard illumination and on the sensitivity curves of a 10 ° observer.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example that the microcavity structure 4 and the smooth regions 7 are covered with an additional topcoat layer 13 and, for example Protected against contamination or impression by counterfeiters.
  • the color layer mentioned for one embodiment may, for example, be applied below the embossing lacquer layer 3 or above the topcoat layer 13.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 show examples of different possible microcavities 4.
  • FIG. 1 an example of a micro cavity structure 4 is shown, whose surface is formed in each case by the geometry of a conic section.
  • the apertures, ie the plan views along the optical axis, are equal in two lateral spatial directions, ie transverse to the optical axis.
  • the apertures of the microcavities 3 are not limited to rotationally symmetric and not even for all microcavities forms.
  • FIG. 3 shows a square aperture for the microcavities 5, which each show the same depth profile in sectional planes which are perpendicular to each other and intersect in the optical axis.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment with such a micro cavity structure 4.
  • microcavity structures 4 of FIGS. 3 to 4 is common that their apertures, exemplified as a square or circle, have no structure width greater than 3 microns. For the generation of an image, however, it is sufficient if this limitation is observed only in one direction parallel to the surface.
  • Corresponding non-rotationally symmetrical, channel-shaped microcavities 5 shows the FIG. 5 , The microcavities 5 of the microcavity structure 4 shown there extend along a direction 8, possibly even over significantly more than 3 ⁇ m.
  • the concave curvature of the microcavities 5 is not limited to semi-ellipses or semicircles. It can be used aspherical bulges or asymmetric forms, such as the FIG. 6 shows.
  • microcavities 5 of such micro cavity structures hardly depends on the detailed surface curvature since the minimum feature sizes are between 0.5 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m. Therefore, when interacting with the incident light, the laws of geometrical optics are no longer compulsory and only an interaction of electromagnetic waves takes place. Modifications or smaller deviations in the curvature of microcavities in the wavelength or sub-wavelength range therefore have no significant effect on the transmission behavior of such microcavities 5.
  • This has the advantage that in the production of the microcavity structure 4, the microcavities 5, which should show different transmission , Essentially only in one parameter, namely in the aspect ratio (maximum depth to minimum lateral extent) must be varied. This facilitates the production considerably, since no increased precision requirements are imposed on the profile shape.
  • FIG. 7 shows an image 11 with a motif 12 as a number "25". It is according to microcavities FIG. 3 formed, so from micro cavities, which have a square aperture. Each microcavity forms a pixel 10, so that the microcavity structure 4 as a whole provides a first image area, in the exemplary embodiment the foreground of the image 11.
  • the microcavities are arranged by way of example periodically in a fixed pattern. That is not mandatory; also an aperiodic or quasi-statistical pattern is possible.
  • Gray values displayed for the individual pixels reflect the aspect ratio of the individual microcavities.
  • the microcavities within motif 12 are about 20% deeper than the microcavities in the surrounding area.
  • the smooth area 7 is provided which forms a second image area and here the background of the image 11.
  • Microcavities that lie in the border area of the subject 12 are optionally lower on the side of the subject 12 than on the other side. This has the advantage that relatively fine patterns can be reproduced even with large pixelation or a small number of pixels due to the microcavities.
  • an image 11 is not limited to microcavities with square or symmetric apertures, such as FIG. 8 shows.
  • a picture 11 showing a star as a motif 12.
  • the edges of the apertures of the pixels 10, ie, the microcavities, are formed to coincide with the edge of the subject 12. This causes these edges to be reproduced very clearly by the image scattered at the boundary and the edge of the subject 12 is particularly well and sharply recognizable.
  • the microcavity structure 4 is surrounded by the smooth area 7, which here represents the image background.
  • this background is designed as a comparatively narrow strip. This can only be seen as an example. Rather, the smooth regions 7 can also cover larger surface portions of the security element 1 or of the image 11. It is also possible for the smooth area 7 to have a demetallised subarea for generating a further clearly visible in the same way as reflection Motive or pattern contains. Such demetallizations are also known in the art under the name "Cleartext”.
  • the design of the motif 12 by the image 11 is not limited to the choice between periodic pattern and aperiodic pattern for the microcavity structure 4. It is thus possible to continuously change the distance of the centers of the microcavities 5, that is to say the minimum structure width w, according to predetermined functions along at least one direction.
  • FIG. 9 shows the image of a bird is represented by a microcavity structure 4 consisting of microcavities 6 of greater depth and microcavities 5 of smaller depth.
  • FIG. 9 shows the brightness distribution in transmitted light. Due to their comparatively higher aspect ratio, the microcavities 6 produce a higher intensity in transmitted light than the microcavities 5 FIG. 9 is simplified to the effect that the microcavities themselves are not shown.
  • the light gray areas are thus formed by a multiplicity of microcavities 6, the dark gray areas by a plurality of microcavities 5.
  • the dark sections of the image 11 are formed by the background 7.
  • Figure 11 is additionally and exemplarily a highly transparent image element is present, which is generated by a demetallization 14 in the smooth area 7. It is the already mentioned "Cleartext" element.
  • the representation of the year in the upper part of the image 11 was generated by a structure of microcavities 6. While the numerical representations show a strong contrast in reflection, both appear bright in transmission in front of an opaque environment, although the year-number representation produced by the micro-cavities 6 is less bright than the demetallized region 14.
  • the highly transparent region 14 can be produced, for example, by laser irradiation of metallized microcavities.
  • the laser light is preferably absorbed while it is reflected at a corresponding dosage in the region of the smooth surface. This results in laser ablation in the area of the microcavities.
  • highly transparent regions with a high resolution can be produced.
  • microcavity structure 4 is preferably carried out, as explained in the general part of the description, by laser direct exposure in a photolithographic process.
  • Micro cavities 5, 6 with dimensions up to a minimum diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m can be written directly into photoresist with the help of a laserwriter. Due to the non-linear sensitivity of common photoresists, structures can be produced with a suitable choice of the exposure intensity, which are significantly finer than the beam diameter of the laser. The texture depth can be easily varied by choosing the exposure intensity.
  • UV varnish can be replicated on foil or directly into the surface of the foil.
  • nanoimprint methods can also be used.
  • the coating of the surface, z. B. by undirected steaming Metallized surfaces or interference layer systems can be applied by electron beam evaporation, sputtering or by evaporation under vacuum.
  • the coated side is preferably provided with the topcoat layer 13 for protection.
  • the pictures can also contain hidden information, eg. As micro-font, serial numbers, symbols, etc., which can not be resolved with an unaided eye, set down on a value document.
  • the micro images advantageously have much smaller structures than known laser engravings.
  • the use of the micro-cavity structure 4 allows a very fine structuring of images or motifs with high lateral resolution, which is not possible with conventional printing methods.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the security element, in which the transmission effects of the invention microcavities are exploited for only to be considered in reflection color security element.
  • a color layer 15 and below a reflective layer 16 is provided in the security element under the embossing lacquer layer 3.
  • the reflective layer 16 may in particular be formed by a metal layer, for example by a layer of aluminum, copper, chromium, silver or gold. In this way, a color effect can also be produced in the case of a metallic coating (and therefore, under certain circumstances, almost neutral color) 9 in the microcavity structure 4 and the smooth region 7.
  • the color layer 15 may be translucent.
  • the security element 1 contains (like the previously described security elements as well) smooth areas 7, which form image areas I and a micro cavity structure 4, which form an image area II.
  • the coating 9 is designed in such a way that light is attenuated to an intensity of at most 10% in the case of two transmissions through the image areas I, but twice transmission through the microcavity structure 4 in the image area II is still ensured with sufficient intensity. This is the case, for example, with aluminum from a layer thickness of about 13 nm.
  • the image areas I and II differ by the optical effect of the microcavity structure 4.
  • the incident light E falls on the underlying color layer 15. Due to the metal layer 16 provided there, it is mirrored and transmitted again through the microcavity structure 4 (arrow R). An observer therefore perceives this light path and thus the image area II in reflection in color, whereas the image areas I appear substantially unchanged metallic due to the low intensity of the transmitted light.
  • an embossing lacquer layer can be provided instead of the topcoat layer 13, into which the microcavity structure 4 is shaped.
  • FIG. 10 can be provided in this embodiment between the color layer 15 and the coating 9, for example, a further lacquer layer.
  • the reflective layer 16 is left off, which is possible in a further embodiment, an observer sees the transmitted radiation T in the area of the microcavity structure 4, ie in the image area II, lighter and with a color predetermined by the color layer 15.
  • FIG. 11 the in FIG. 11 is shown and also to the transmission effects according to the invention microcavities
  • another color layer 17 is located above the microcavity structure 4 and the smooth area 7.
  • This color layer 17 preferably has a different color shade than the color layer 15.
  • Below the color layer 15 is also a reflective layer 16, for example a layer made of aluminum.
  • the image areas I are correspondingly perceived in reflection in the hue of the upper color layer, the image area II with the micro cavity structure 4, however, as a mixed color of the two color layers 15 and 17.
  • the reflective layer 16 is omitted. Then the image area II in the mixed color, which is given by the color layers 15 and 17, appears for the transmitted radiation T.
  • the aspect ratio is set in the above embodiments by the variation of the texture depth t.
  • a variation of the feature size w is possible to modify the aspect ratio.
  • both t and w can be varied within the given dimensions.
  • the smooth area 7 is registered in the drawings as completely smooth. This is not mandatory. It can also have a residual roughness, wherein an aspect ratio of 0.2 is not exceeded.
  • the orientation of the microcavity structure is irrelevant to the transmitted light effect.
  • An inversion of the security element compared to the representation of the FIG. 1 or 2 is possible at any time.
  • microcavity structure and the smooth region for generating a transmitted light image can be combined in any manner with other security features known for the protection of value documents. This additional counterfeit security is achieved.

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Claims (23)

  1. Élément de sécurité destiné à la fabrication de documents de valeur tels que billets de banque, chèques ou objets similaires, qui comporte un substrat (3) ayant une face de dessus et met à disposition au moins une image (11), cependant que
    - l'image (11) est constituée par une structure à microcavités (4) dotée d'une pluralité de microcavités (5, 6) juxtaposées et par une zone lisse (7),
    - les microcavités (4) présentent respectivement, dans une direction spatiale parallèle à la face de dessus, une largeur de structure (w) située entre 0,5 µm et 3 µm et, perpendiculairement à cela, une profondeur de structure (t), et ont un rapport d'aspect qui est défini par le rapport entre la profondeur de structure (t) et la largeur de structure (w), et
    - sur la structure à microcavités (4) et la zone lisse (7), un revêtement contenant du métal est appliqué,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) est supérieur à 0,3 et
    - le revêtement contenant du métal (9) agencé sur la structure à microcavités (4) est réalisée de telle façon que la structure à microcavités (4) et la zone lisse (7) ont, lors d'une observation en transmission, une différence de luminosité d'au moins 10%, de telle sorte que la structure à microcavités (4) constitue une première zone d'image et la zone lisse (7) constitue une deuxième zone d'image de l'image (11).
  2. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) est situé entre 0,3 et 0,8, de préférence entre 0,3 et 0,5.
  3. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que revêtement contenant du métal (9) agencé sur la structure à microcavités (4) a la même épaisseur de couche.
  4. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans la structure à microcavités (4), les microcavités (5, 6) se trouvent directement bout à bout.
  5. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la structure à microcavités (4) comporte au moins deux sortes de microcavités (5, 6) qui se différencient quant au rapport d'aspect, la première zone d'image de l'image (11) étant structurée par les au moins deux sortes différentes de microcavités (5, 6).
  6. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) dans la structure à microcavités (4) varie conformément à un motif prédéterminé définissant la première zone d'image de l'image (11).
  7. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement contenant du métal (9) est une structure en couches interférentielles ayant la succession de couches métal - diélectrique - métal.
  8. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le diélectrique est du SiO2 et/ou le métal est du Al ou Cr.
  9. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la structure en couches interférentielles est, quant à sa succession de matériaux et/ou succession d'épaisseurs de couches, symétrique, et comporte en particulier la succession de couches Al - SiO2 - Al.
  10. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement contenant du métal (9) est constitué par une couche de métal.
  11. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, au-dessus ou en-dessous de la structure à microcavités (4), une couche d'encre est prévue.
  12. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les microcavités (5, 6) sont sans symétrie de révolution, en particulier en forme de rigole, et s'étendent respectivement le long d'une direction.
  13. Document de valeur comprenant un élément de sécurité (1) selon une des revendications de 1 à 12.
  14. Procédé de fabrication pour un élément de sécurité (1) destiné à des documents de valeur tels que billets de banque, chèques ou objets similaires, qui met à disposition au moins une image (11), cependant que
    - en un substrat (3) comportant une face de dessus, pour la génération d'une image (11), une structure à microcavités (4) comportant une pluralité de microcavités (5, 6) juxtaposées et une zone lisse (7) est réalisée,
    - les microcavités (5, 6) sont respectivement réalisées dans une direction spatiale parallèle à la face de dessus avec une largeur de structure (w) située entre 0,5 µm et 3 µm et, perpendiculairement à cela, avec une profondeur de structure (t), et ont un rapport d'aspect qui est défini par le rapport entre la profondeur de structure (t) et la largeur de structure (w), et
    - sur la structure à microcavités (4) et la zone lisse (7), un revêtement contenant du métal (9) est appliqué,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) est supérieur à 0,3 et
    - le revêtement contenant du métal (9) agencé sur la structure à microcavités (4) est réalisé de telle façon que la structure à microcavités (4) et la zone lisse (7) ont, lors d'une observation en transmission, une différence de luminosité d'au moins 10%, de telle sorte que la structure à microcavités (4) constitue une première zone d'image et la zone lisse (7) constitue une deuxième zone d'image de l'image (11).
  15. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) est situé entre 0,3 et 0,8, de préférence entre 0,3 et 0,5.
  16. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 14 ou 15, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement contenant du métal (9) agencé sur la structure à microcavités (4) est réalisé en la même épaisseur de couche.
  17. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce que, dans la structure à microcavités (4), les microcavités (5, 6) sont réalisées de façon directement bout à bout.
  18. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la structure à microcavités (4) est réalisée avec au moins deux sortes de microcavités (5, 6) qui se différencient quant au rapport d'aspect, la première zone d'image de l'image (11) étant structurée par les au moins deux sortes différentes de microcavités (5, 6).
  19. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le rapport d'aspect des microcavités (5, 6) dans la structure à microcavités (4) est soumise à une variation conformément à un motif prédéterminé définissant la première zone d'image de l'image (11).
  20. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 19, caractérisé en ce que, en tant que revêtement (9), c'est une structure en couches interférentielles ayant la succession de couches métal - diélectrique - métal qui est utilisée.
  21. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que, en tant que diélectrique, c'est du SiO2, et/ou en tant que métal, c'est du Al ou Cr qui est utilisé.
  22. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 21, caractérisé en ce que, au-dessus ou en-dessous de la structure à microcavités (4), une couche d'encre est prévue.
  23. Procédé de fabrication selon une des revendications de 14 à 22, caractérisé en ce que les microcavités (5, 6) sont réalisées sans symétrie de révolution, en particulier en forme de rigole, et s'étendent respectivement le long d'une direction (8).
EP14002031.4A 2013-06-14 2014-06-12 Élément de sécurité pour documents de valeur Active EP2821242B1 (fr)

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WO2016114360A1 (fr) 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 凸版印刷株式会社 Élément optique, article et procédé de fabrication d'un élément optique
DE102016015335A1 (de) 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Holographisches Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN108454265B (zh) 2017-02-20 2023-09-08 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司 防伪元件及光学防伪产品
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US6819775B2 (en) 1996-07-05 2004-11-16 ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FéDéRALE DE LAUSANNE Authentication of documents and valuable articles by using moire intensity profiles
DE10150293B4 (de) 2001-10-12 2005-05-12 Ovd Kinegram Ag Sicherheitselement
US7221512B2 (en) 2002-01-24 2007-05-22 Nanoventions, Inc. Light control material for displaying color information, and images
DE102004016596B4 (de) 2004-04-03 2006-07-27 Ovd Kinegram Ag Sicherheitselement in Form eines mehrschichtigen Folienkörpers und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitselements
US7830627B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2010-11-09 De La Rue International Limited Optically variable devices
DE102004042136B4 (de) 2004-08-30 2006-11-09 Ovd Kinegram Ag Metallisiertes Sicherheitselement
EP2660070A1 (fr) 2005-05-18 2013-11-06 Visual Physics, LLC Présentation d'images et système de sécurité micro-optique
DE102006005000B4 (de) 2006-02-01 2016-05-04 Ovd Kinegram Ag Mehrschichtkörper mit Mikrolinsen-Anordnung
DE102006050047A1 (de) 2006-10-24 2008-04-30 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Durchsichtssicherheitselement mit Mikrostrukturen
DE102008046128B4 (de) 2008-09-05 2024-03-07 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Optisch variables Sicherheitselement mit Mattbereich
DE102010052665A1 (de) 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Reflektierendes Sicherheitselement für Sicherheitspapier, Wertdokumente oder dergleichen
DE102011121588A1 (de) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement für Sicherheitspapiere, Wertdokumente oder dergleichen
DE102013005938A1 (de) * 2013-04-05 2014-10-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitsfaden oder Fensterelement für einen Wertgegenstand und Herstellverfahren dafür

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