EP2772567A1 - Method for producing a heat insulation layer for components and heat insulation layer - Google Patents
Method for producing a heat insulation layer for components and heat insulation layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2772567A1 EP2772567A1 EP13157238.0A EP13157238A EP2772567A1 EP 2772567 A1 EP2772567 A1 EP 2772567A1 EP 13157238 A EP13157238 A EP 13157238A EP 2772567 A1 EP2772567 A1 EP 2772567A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermal barrier
- barrier coating
- barrier layer
- depth
- focus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a thermal insulation layer for components, in particular for high-temperature loaded components, comprising a thermal barrier layer surface and a thermal insulation layer inside, wherein at least a first laser light source by means of at least one first focusing at least generates a first focus in at least a first depth of the thermal barrier coating. Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal barrier coating.
- TBC thermal barrier coating
- e.g. Sand Ingress of foreign matter such as e.g. Sand, however, causes the thermal barrier coating to flake off due to its porous surface. Foreign substances can also infiltrate the thermal barrier coating in liquid form, subsequently crystallize and cause the coating to flake off. This can significantly reduce the life of the component. This is the case in particular when the thermal barrier coating is a ceramic, brittle layer.
- the thermal barrier coating by using at least two foci with different depths in the thermal barrier coating, it is possible to couple more light output into the interior of the thermal barrier coating and thus to produce a larger volume of remelt bath with different temperatures.
- the at least two foci produce a V-shaped remelt bath, with high temperatures and remelting in the interior of the thermal barrier coating; and low temperatures in the edge region of the remelt bath. This leads to a reduction of the temperature gradient around the remelt bath (melting zone). This results in a reduction of the hot cracking tendency.
- the melt solidifies from the inside of the thermal barrier coating to the outside. Thus Ausgaszonen be prevented and led inclusions to the thermal barrier coating surface, resulting in a reduced pore formation.
- the actual remelting process takes place inside the thermal barrier coating while the thermal barrier coating surface is merely preheated becomes.
- the thermal barrier layer surface is compressed, so that liquid foreign substances no longer penetrate into the thermal barrier coating; crystallize there and thus cause a flaking of the thermal barrier coating.
- the life of the coating and the component, such as a turbine blade can be extended.
- the second object is achieved by specifying a thermal barrier coating for components subjected to high temperatures, which has a thermal barrier coating surface and a thermal barrier coating interior according to the abovementioned method.
- a remelt bath in particular a V-shaped remelt bath, causes solidification of the melt from the interior of the heat insulation layer to the outside. This prevents outgassing and shrinkage zones. Pore formation can thus be avoided.
- the thermal barrier coating according to the invention has a seal, in particular on the surface.
- the at least two focusing devices are designed as a bifocal lens.
- the application of a bifocal lens produces two concentric circular intensity distributions in the thermal barrier coating. Thermal stresses can thus be reduced during the remelting process and cracking during the remelting process can be prevented.
- the thermal barrier coating is a ceramic layer. This is particularly well suited for high-temperature loaded components, eg blades or heat shields.
- FIG. 1 shows a thermal barrier coating 100 and a laser 1, from which a light beam 2 emanates.
- the bifocal lens 3 consists of a first and a second lens.
- the first lens may be a disk-shaped lens 5 and the second lens may be an annular lens 4, the annular lens 4 and disk-shaped lens 5 then detecting different parts of the light beam 2.
- the annular lens 4 and the disc-shaped lens 5 are arranged concentrically with each other, ie they have the same center (not shown).
- the annular lens 4 and the disc-shaped lens 5 act as converging lenses, but have different focal lengths.
- the annular lens 4 and disc-shaped lens 5 split the light beam 2 into two light beams.
- the annular lens 4 detects the outer peripheral zones of the light beam 2 and the disc-shaped lens 5 forms an inner core of the light beam 2.
- the light beam through the disc-shaped central lens 5 can therefore also be regarded as the central beam 50, the light beam through the annular lens 4 can therefore also be regarded as a ring beam 40.
- the fixed by the disc-shaped lens 5 central beam 50 has a lower convergence angle ⁇ than the fixed by the annular lens 4 ring beam 40 with a convergence angle ⁇ .
- the V-shaped remelt bath formed by the bifocal lens 3 solidifies from the top of the V-shape, that is, from the interior of the thermal barrier coating 100 to the thermal barrier coating surface, resulting in reduced pore formation. Inclusions and outgassing zones are led to the thermal barrier layer surface and can escape there, resulting in reduced pore formation.
- the actual remelting therefore takes place inside the thermal barrier coating, while the thermal barrier coating surface is merely preheated. In particular, in the boundary layer between the ring beam 40 and the adjacent area in the thermal barrier coating 100, no remelting takes place.
- the thermal barrier coating surface is densified or sealed in such a way that foreign substances no longer penetrate through the porous thermal barrier coating surface into the porous thermal barrier coating can; a spalling of the thermal barrier coating is thus avoided.
- the life of the coating and the component, such as a turbine blade can be extended.
- a plurality of laser light sources may also be used (not shown). These can be the same or different in strength, and also have different jet properties. Also, more than two foci can be formed, which allows, for example, the coupling of high powers in large material depths (not shown).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Wärmedämmschicht für Bauteile, insbesondere für hochtemperaturbelastete Bauteile, umfassend eine Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche und ein Wärmedämmschichtinneres, wobei zumindest eine erste Laserlichtquelle mittels zumindest einer ersten Fokussiereinrichtung zumindest einen ersten Fokus in zumindest einer ersten Tiefe der Wärmedämmschicht erzeugt. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Wärmedämmschicht.The invention relates to a method for producing a thermal insulation layer for components, in particular for high-temperature loaded components, comprising a thermal barrier layer surface and a thermal insulation layer inside, wherein at least a first laser light source by means of at least one first focusing at least generates a first focus in at least a first depth of the thermal barrier coating. Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal barrier coating.
Die Oberflächen im Heißgasbereich werden in modernen Gasturbinen zum Schutz vor Hochtemperaturoxidation und Hochtemperaturkorrosion fast vollständig mit Beschichtungen versehen. Brenner- und Verstärker-Abschnitte, die für Beschädigung durch Oxidation und Hitzekorrosions-Angriff empfindlich sind, werden typischerweise durch eine poröse Wärmdämmschicht (TBC) geschützt. Ein Eindringen von Fremdstoffen wie z.B. Sand führt jedoch zu einem Abplatzen der Wärmdämmschicht aufgrund ihrer porösen Oberfläche. Fremdstoffe können die Wärmdämmschicht auch in flüssiger Form infiltrieren, anschließend kristallisieren und dadurch zu einem Abplatzen des Coatings führen. Dies kann die Lebensdauer des Bauteils erheblich verringern. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn die Wärmedämmschicht eine keramische, spröde Schicht ist.The surfaces in the hot gas area are almost completely provided with coatings in modern gas turbines for protection against high-temperature oxidation and high-temperature corrosion. Burner and booster sections that are susceptible to damage from oxidation and heat corrosion attack are typically protected by a porous thermal barrier coating (TBC). Ingress of foreign matter such as e.g. Sand, however, causes the thermal barrier coating to flake off due to its porous surface. Foreign substances can also infiltrate the thermal barrier coating in liquid form, subsequently crystallize and cause the coating to flake off. This can significantly reduce the life of the component. This is the case in particular when the thermal barrier coating is a ceramic, brittle layer.
Eine erste Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Angabe eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen einer Wärmedämmschicht für Bauteile, insbesondere für hochtemperaturbelastete Bauteile, mit welchem die oben genannten Probleme vermindert oder gar vermieden werden können. Eine zweite Aufgabe ist die Angabe einer verbesserten Wärmedämmschicht, welche die oben genannten Probleme vermindert oder gar vermeidet.A first object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a thermal barrier coating for components, in particular for high-temperature-loaded components, with which the above-mentioned problems can be reduced or even avoided. A second object is the disclosure of an improved thermal barrier coating, which reduces or even avoids the above-mentioned problems.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die erste Aufgabe mit der Angabe eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen einer Wärmedämmschicht gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch die folgenden Schritte gelöst, wobei:
- zumindest eine zweite Laserlichtquelle mittels zumindest einer zweiten Fokussiereinrichtung zumindest einen zweiten Fokus in einer zweiten Tiefe der Wärmedämmschicht erzeugt,
- eine zumindest erste Tiefe unterschiedlich zur zumindest zweiten Tiefe ist,
- ein zumindest erster Fokus und der zumindest zweite Fokus so nah beieinander liegen, dass sie ein gemeinsames Umschmelzbad in der Wärmdämmschicht erzeugen, und
- eine anschließende Erstarrung des Umschmelzbads von einem Wärmedämmschichtinneren zu einer Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche stattfindet, so dass eine Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche zumindest teilweise gegen ein Eindringen von Fremdstoffen verdichtet wird.
- at least one second laser light source generates at least one second focus in a second depth of the thermal barrier coating by means of at least one second focusing device,
- an at least first depth is different from the at least second depth,
- an at least first focus and the at least second focus are so close to each other that they produce a common remelt bath in the thermal insulation layer, and
- a subsequent solidification of the Umschmelzbads of a thermal insulation layer inside to a thermal barrier coating surface takes place, so that a thermal barrier coating surface is at least partially compressed against ingress of foreign substances.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es durch die Nutzung zumindest zweier Fokusse mit unterschiedlicher Tiefe in der Wärmedämmschicht möglich, mehr Lichtleistung in das Innere der Wärmedämmschicht einzukoppeln und damit ein größeres Volumen an Umschmelzbad mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen zu erzeugen. Durch die zumindest zwei Fokusse wird ein V-förmiges Umschmelzbad erzeugt, mit hohen Temperaturen und Umschmelzen in dem Inneren der Wärmedämmschicht; und geringen Temperaturen im Randbereich des Umschmelzbades. Dies führt zu einer Verminderung des Temperaturgradienten um das Umschmelzbad (Schmelzzone) herum. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Verminderung der Heißrissneigung. Die Schmelze erstarrt vom Inneren der Wärmedämmschicht nach Außen. Somit werden Ausgaszonen verhindert und Einschlüsse zur Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche geführt, was zu einer verminderten Porenbildung führt. Der eigentliche Umschmelzprozess findet im Inneren der Wärmedämmschicht statt, während die Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche lediglich vorgewärmt wird. Durch ein derartiges Umschmelzen wird die Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche verdichtet, so dass flüssige Fremdstoffe nicht mehr in die Wärmedämmschicht eindringen; sich dort kristallisieren und somit ein Abplatzen der Wärmedämmschicht herbeiführen können. Dadurch kann die Lebensdauer der Beschichtung und des Bauteils, z.B. einer Turbinenschaufel verlängert werden.According to the invention, by using at least two foci with different depths in the thermal barrier coating, it is possible to couple more light output into the interior of the thermal barrier coating and thus to produce a larger volume of remelt bath with different temperatures. The at least two foci produce a V-shaped remelt bath, with high temperatures and remelting in the interior of the thermal barrier coating; and low temperatures in the edge region of the remelt bath. This leads to a reduction of the temperature gradient around the remelt bath (melting zone). This results in a reduction of the hot cracking tendency. The melt solidifies from the inside of the thermal barrier coating to the outside. Thus Ausgaszonen be prevented and led inclusions to the thermal barrier coating surface, resulting in a reduced pore formation. The actual remelting process takes place inside the thermal barrier coating while the thermal barrier coating surface is merely preheated becomes. By such a remelting the thermal barrier layer surface is compressed, so that liquid foreign substances no longer penetrate into the thermal barrier coating; crystallize there and thus cause a flaking of the thermal barrier coating. As a result, the life of the coating and the component, such as a turbine blade can be extended.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die zweite Aufgabe mit der Angabe einer Wärmedämmschicht für hochtemperaturbelastete Bauteile gelöst, welche eine Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche und ein Wärmedämmschichtinneres nach dem oben genannten Verfahren aufweist.According to the invention, the second object is achieved by specifying a thermal barrier coating for components subjected to high temperatures, which has a thermal barrier coating surface and a thermal barrier coating interior according to the abovementioned method.
Erfindungsgemäß bewirkt ein Umschmelzbad, insbesondere ein V-förmiges Umschmelzbad, eine Erstarrung der Schmelze vom Inneren der Wärmedämmschicht nach außen. Dadurch werden Ausgasungen und Schrumpfungszonen verhindert. Porenbildung kann so vermieden werden. Dadurch weist die erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmschicht insbesondere an der Oberfläche eine Versiegelung auf.In accordance with the invention, a remelt bath, in particular a V-shaped remelt bath, causes solidification of the melt from the interior of the heat insulation layer to the outside. This prevents outgassing and shrinkage zones. Pore formation can thus be avoided. As a result, the thermal barrier coating according to the invention has a seal, in particular on the surface.
Bevorzugt sind die zumindest zwei Fokussiereinrichtungen als bifokale Linse ausgebildet. Durch die Anwendung einer bifokalen Linse entstehen zwei konzentrische kreisförmige Intensitätsverteilungen in der Wärmedämmschicht. Thermische Spannungen können so während des Umschmelzprozesses reduziert werden und eine Rissbildung während des Umschmelzprozesses kann verhindert werden.Preferably, the at least two focusing devices are designed as a bifocal lens. The application of a bifocal lens produces two concentric circular intensity distributions in the thermal barrier coating. Thermal stresses can thus be reduced during the remelting process and cracking during the remelting process can be prevented.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung sind die zumindest zwei Laserlichtquellen ein einzelner Laser. Alternativ sind die zumindest zwei Laserlichtquellen zwei Laser mit unterschiedlichen Strahleigenschaften.In a preferred embodiment, the at least two laser light sources are a single laser. Alternatively, the at least two laser light sources are two lasers with different beam properties.
Bevorzugt ist die Wärmedämmschicht eine keramische Schicht. Diese ist besonders gut geeignet für hochtemperaturbelastete Bauteile, z.B. Schaufeln oder Hitzeschilde.Preferably, the thermal barrier coating is a ceramic layer. This is particularly well suited for high-temperature loaded components, eg blades or heat shields.
Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Figur. Darin zeigt schematisch:
- FIG 1
- eine Umschmelzeinrichtung beim Umschmelzen einer Wärmedämmschicht.
- FIG. 1
- a remelting device when remelting a thermal barrier coating.
Durch das Umschmelzen mit einer bifokalen Linse wird die Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche derart verdichtet bzw. versiegelt, dass Fremdstoffe nun nicht mehr durch die poröse Wärmedämmschichtoberfläche in die poröse Wärmedämmschicht eindringen können; ein Abplatzen der Wärmedämmschicht wird somit vermieden. Dadurch kann die Lebensdauer der Beschichtung und des Bauteils, z.B. einer Turbinenschaufel verlängert werden.By remelting with a bifocal lens, the thermal barrier coating surface is densified or sealed in such a way that foreign substances no longer penetrate through the porous thermal barrier coating surface into the porous thermal barrier coating can; a spalling of the thermal barrier coating is thus avoided. As a result, the life of the coating and the component, such as a turbine blade can be extended.
Selbstverständlich können anstatt der einen Laserlichtquelle 1 auch mehrere Laserlichtquellen verwendet werden(nicht gezeigt). Diese können gleich stark oder unterschiedlich stark sein, auch unterschiedliche Strahleigenschaften aufweisen. Auch können mehr als zwei Fokusse ausgebildet werden, was beispielsweise die Einkopplung von hohen Leistungen in große Materialtiefen ermöglicht (nicht gezeigt).Of course, instead of the one laser light source 1, a plurality of laser light sources may also be used (not shown). These can be the same or different in strength, and also have different jet properties. Also, more than two foci can be formed, which allows, for example, the coupling of high powers in large material depths (not shown).
Claims (6)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest zwei Fokussiereinrichtungen als eine bifokale Linse (3) ausgebildet sind.Thermal barrier coating according to claim 2,
characterized in that the at least two focusing devices are designed as a bifocal lens (3).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest zwei Laserlichtquellen als ein einzelner Laser (1) ausgebildet sind.Thermal barrier coating according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the at least two laser light sources are formed as a single laser (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest zwei Laserlichtquellen zwei Laser mit unterschiedlichen Strahleigenschaften sind.Thermal barrier coating according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the at least two laser light sources are two lasers with different beam properties.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmedämmschicht (100) eine keramische Schicht ist.Thermal barrier coating according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5,
characterized in that the thermal barrier coating (100) is a ceramic layer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP13157238.0A EP2772567A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | Method for producing a heat insulation layer for components and heat insulation layer |
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EP13157238.0A EP2772567A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | Method for producing a heat insulation layer for components and heat insulation layer |
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EP2772567A1 true EP2772567A1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
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EP13157238.0A Withdrawn EP2772567A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | Method for producing a heat insulation layer for components and heat insulation layer |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4377371A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1983-03-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Laser surface fusion of plasma sprayed ceramic turbine seals |
US5576069A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1996-11-19 | Chen; Chun | Laser remelting process for plasma-sprayed zirconia coating |
US20020172837A1 (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 2002-11-21 | Allen David B. | Thermal barrier layer and process for producing the same |
EP1743729A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-17 | General Electric Company | Niobium silicide-based turbine components with composition graded portion; methods of laser cladding of niobium silicide on a turbin component, also used for repairing |
US20080145629A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Impact resistant thermal barrier coating system |
FR2941964A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-13 | Snecma | Treating thermal barrier that covers substrate made of superalloy, by supplying laser source for delivering pulses for focusing laser beam to impact area of ceramic layer, activating laser source, and shifting and controlling optical head |
US20120164376A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | General Electric Company | Method of modifying a substrate for passage hole formation therein, and related articles |
-
2013
- 2013-02-28 EP EP13157238.0A patent/EP2772567A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4377371A (en) * | 1981-03-11 | 1983-03-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Laser surface fusion of plasma sprayed ceramic turbine seals |
US5576069A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1996-11-19 | Chen; Chun | Laser remelting process for plasma-sprayed zirconia coating |
US20020172837A1 (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 2002-11-21 | Allen David B. | Thermal barrier layer and process for producing the same |
EP1743729A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-17 | General Electric Company | Niobium silicide-based turbine components with composition graded portion; methods of laser cladding of niobium silicide on a turbin component, also used for repairing |
US20080145629A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Impact resistant thermal barrier coating system |
FR2941964A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-13 | Snecma | Treating thermal barrier that covers substrate made of superalloy, by supplying laser source for delivering pulses for focusing laser beam to impact area of ceramic layer, activating laser source, and shifting and controlling optical head |
US20120164376A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | General Electric Company | Method of modifying a substrate for passage hole formation therein, and related articles |
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