EP2761090B1 - Metal bridge span and method for the modular construction of such a span - Google Patents

Metal bridge span and method for the modular construction of such a span Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2761090B1
EP2761090B1 EP12762655.4A EP12762655A EP2761090B1 EP 2761090 B1 EP2761090 B1 EP 2761090B1 EP 12762655 A EP12762655 A EP 12762655A EP 2761090 B1 EP2761090 B1 EP 2761090B1
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Prior art keywords
modules
elongate
longitudinal support
parallel longitudinal
adjacent parallel
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EP12762655.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2761090A1 (en
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Philippe Matiere
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Matiere SAS
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Matiere SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/02—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the I-girder type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
    • E01D15/133—Portable or sectional bridges built-up from readily separable standardised sections or elements, e.g. Bailey bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30—Metal

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a metal bridge span and a method of modular construction of such a span.
  • bridge designates here any metallic construction based on at least two spaced supports such as abutments or pillars, in order to cross a valley or to cross another road or rail traffic route.
  • three sets of prefabricated construction elements are produced in advance, respectively a first set of beam elements forming elongated modules, a second set of transverse connecting struts between two parallel beams and a third set of elements plans for forming a decking resting on said beams.
  • the beam elements are provided, at their ends, with removable assembly means with the ends of adjacent modules for the formation of a longitudinal support beam having a length corresponding to the span between supports.
  • the beam elements consist of elongated hollow boxes with a quadrangular cross section, with two horizontal flanges, upper and lower respectively, connected by substantially vertical side walls.
  • caissons are fairly stable on installation and resist torsion during lifting or launching of the beam produced by end-to-end assembly of several elements.
  • the beams thus produced by end-to-end assembly of several caissons are relatively heavy and require adequate lifting means.
  • the object of the invention is to solve such problems, thanks to a new type of prefabricated element which is simpler, less heavy and easier to produce and to implement than the elements used hitherto and which, however, make it possible to retain all the advantages of the previous process.
  • the invention also provides numerous specific advantages which will be described below.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a bridge span according to claim 1.
  • the orifices made on the ribs of the internal faces, turned towards one another, of two neighboring modules, are used for bolting the splices for securing said modules while the orifices provided on the ribs of the faces facing outwards are used for fixing the spacers or, on the sides, accessory members.
  • each module is advantageously provided, near each rib, with an opening placed at the level of the fixing holes of the spacers provided on said rib, to allow the positioning and tightening, on both sides of the core, of removable fixing means of the ends of the spacers.
  • the assembly means between two adjacent modules comprise, at one end of a first module, two thick plates fixed to the lower flange of said module, on either side of the core and s' extending outwardly thereof, so as to form a yoke and, at the opposite end of a second module, a single thick plate provided with a central slot for interlocking on the core of said module and s 'extending outwardly thereof so as to form a stud which can be fitted into the yoke of the adjacent module, said flats being pierced with aligned orifices for the passage of a securing pin in order to constitute an articulated connection to the lower part of two successive modules which bear one on the other by the opposite ends of their upper flanges.
  • the beam elements with an I-profile according to the invention allow the implementation of a modular construction method according to claim 10.
  • At least two series of spacers and at least two series of decking panels can also be produced, in order to produce decks having decks having at least two different widths.
  • the width of the deck could be varied by placing side by side, between two parallel beams, i.e. two panels of different widths, ie two panels of the same width.
  • At least one of the longitudinal parallel support beams adjacent to the bridge span according to the invention consists of at least two elongated modules joined together as defined in claim 1.
  • a span of a bridge is based on masonry elements, not shown, fixed either on the ground or on the bottom of a stream or a body of water.
  • a span E as shown in cross section on the figure 5 , comprises, in the case of a single traffic lane bridge, two support beams 10a, 10b, parallel to a longitudinal crossing axis, connected by spacers 2 and carrying a decking formed of rigid panels of the 4 placed the one after the other.
  • each longitudinal beam 10a, 10b consists of a certain number of prefabricated beam elements assembled end to end and forming modules, the number of which depends on the span between supports to be produced.
  • the figure 4 shows a longitudinal beam comprising four modules, respectively two central modules 31 and two edge modules 32 resting on abutments 11.
  • each beam element forms an elongated hollow box of quadrangular cross section.
  • each beam element 3a, 3b has an I-shaped cross section and therefore comprises two horizontal flanges, respectively lower 7 and upper 8, connected by a vertical web 9 made of a simple flat sheet ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the latter is provided with a plurality of stiffening ribs 20, spaced apart and distributed over its entire length, these ribs 20 consisting of fixed transverse plates on the two lateral faces 90,91 of the core 9, perpendicular to the latter, and extending vertically between the two flanges 7 and 8.
  • these stiffening ribs 20 are used for fixing connecting struts 2 between the two parallel longitudinal beams 10a, 10b, which are each formed by end-to-end assembly of prefabricated elements.
  • the elements placed one opposite the other on the two neighboring beams 10a, 10b, consist of identical modules 3 and the ribs 20 are therefore distributed in the same way on the two side faces 90, 91 of the core 9 of each module 3 such that two ribs fixed respectively on the facing faces 91b, 90a, of the two neighboring beams 10a, 10b are aligned in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the two beams, the spacers of link 2 between these being, thus, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bay E.
  • the assembly means provided respectively at the opposite ends of two consecutive beam elements consist of legs, respectively female 5 and male 6, which fit into each other and are connected by a articulation axis.
  • a central module 31 as shown in figure 3 comprises, at one end 5, two thick dishes 12 fixed to the lower flange 7 on either side of the base of the core 9 and extending outwardly thereof so as to form a yoke while the opposite end 6 carries a single flat 14 fixed on the lower sole 7 and provided with a central slot which fits on the base of the core 9 and extends outwardly thereof from so as to form a tenon 6 which can be fitted into the yoke 5 of an adjacent element.
  • the two parts, female 5 and male 6 are pierced with transverse holes 13 which, after fitting, come into alignment to allow the passage of a securing pin between two consecutive modules 3.
  • the edge modules 32 are made in the same way and therefore comprise, as shown in the figure 2 , two horizontal flanges, respectively lower 7 and upper 8, connected by a vertical core 9 provided with stiffening ribs 20.
  • they are provided with an assembly means, male or female, at one end and the opposite end, devoid of assembly means, can advantageously have a reduced thickness and be provided with rolling means (not shown), so as to form a support on an abutment 11.
  • the connecting tabs 5, 6 must project out from the end of the vertical core 9.
  • the lower part of the latter comprises, at each end, a notch 19 for placing the end edges of the upper flanges 8 of two successive modules, in a junction plane P passing through the axis of the aligned orifices 13 for the passage of securing pins between said modules.
  • each stiffening rib 20 is provided with a series of superimposed orifices 23 allowing the fixing, by bolting or riveting, of the end of a connecting spacer 2 provided, with each end, of at least two conjugate orifices having the same spacing as the orifices 23 of the ribs 20. These may, moreover, be in greater number than the orifices of the spacers 2, in order to allow adjustment of their level in relation to the soles 8.
  • the core 9 of each module 3 is provided with an opening 92 placed near each rib 20, substantially at the level of the orifices 23.
  • such orifices 92 can also be used for fixing bracing elements extending horizontally, obliquely, between the internal faces of two neighboring beams.
  • each spacer 2 can be formed from two contiguous U-sections, applied on either side of the rib 20.
  • certain beam elements 10a or 10b consist of several adjoining modules in order to increase the bending resistance of the beam 10a or 10b formed by assembling such elements.
  • the two external beams 10a, 10b consist of elements 1a, 1b, each formed of two adjoining modules, while the central beam 10c is formed from elements each formed of three adjoining modules.
  • two contiguous modules 3 and 3 ' can be secured by means of straps 24 fixed by bolts or rivets passing through the orifices 23 made on the internal ribs coming into coincidence and fixed to the facing faces 90, 91' of the two modules 3 and 3 ', while the spacers 2, 2', are fixed to the orifices 23 placed at the same level on the ribs 20 of the external faces 91, 90 '.
  • each rib 20 may also be advantageous to provide on each rib 20, a second series of orifices placed at a lower level.
  • each of the decking elements consists of a prefabricated rigid panel 4, comprising a rectangular plate 41, reinforced longitudinally by a plurality of profiles 42 welded on its underside and constituting reinforcing ribs parallel to the long side of the panel 4 and giving the latter the rigidity necessary to withstand the applied loads, taking into account the center distance of the two neighboring beams.
  • the decking panels 4 are arranged longitudinally between the support beams 10, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal axis of the span E.
  • the figure 8 shows, in perspective, a double-track bridge resting on two lateral beams 10a, 10b, and a central beam 10c, the beam elements being constituted, in this case, of adjoining modules.
  • the decking elements 4 consist, as indicated above, of rigid panels each comprising a rectangular plate 41, having an upper face of length l1 and width l2, and a lower face on which are welded a plurality of longitudinal sections 42 constituting reinforcing ribs.
  • each panel 4 rests directly on the connecting struts 2 via the reinforcing ribs 42.
  • these ribs may consist of simple I-shaped or U-shaped profiles, the height of which is determined so that the upper faces panels 2 are aligned with the upper flanges 8 of the beams in order to form the platform of the bridge with them.
  • the overall width of the panels 4 placed side by side must correspond to the distance e between the internal edges vis-à-vis the upper flanges 8a, 8b of the two beams 10a, 10b.
  • the panels 4 have the same width l2 which must therefore be a sub-multiple of this spacing e.
  • the bridge deck must provide an overall width of passage respecting the road traffic gauge, ie about four meters in single track and seven meters in double track.
  • the panels 2 which rest on the spacers 6 must be fixed on them. They will therefore preferably have a length l1 equal to the spacing of the ribs 20 on which the spacers 2 are fixed. These are advantageously made up of two contiguous profiles which can be pierced with bolting holes coinciding with each other. conjugate orifices 24 formed at the ends of each panel 4, as indicated on figure 8 .
  • each panel 4 comprising a rectangular plate 41 reinforced by longitudinal ribs 42, is provided, at each end, with means of bearing on the soles 8 each comprising two vertical partitions 43 parallel to the short sides of the plate 41 and whose height is determined so that the flat top faces of adjacent panels are aligned and form part of the deck decking.
  • These partitions 43 are notched for the passage of the ribs 42 formed, advantageously, of U-shaped sections.
  • the distance between the latter depends on the length l1 given to these panels.
  • the center distance between the two support beams 10a, 10b must therefore correspond to the length l1 of the panel 4, reduced by the width of a flange, while each spacer 2 must have a length a little less than this center distance.
  • the decking consists, in cross section, of two panels, the internal ends of which are joined together in the median plane of the central beam 10c.
  • the spacing between the median planes of this central beam 10c and of each side beam 10a, 10b, must therefore correspond to the length of each panel 4, reduced by half the width of the flange 8.
  • the central beam 10c consists of adjoining elements, as indicated above.
  • each decking panel 2 is preferably a submultiple of the length of a beam element 3, i.e. the distance between the end edges of the upper flange 8 , so that the corresponding elements of two neighboring beams are covered by a whole number of panels 4.
  • the spacing between two neighboring support beams which is provided by the connecting struts 2 and determines the overall width of the decking, depends on the length of the panels.
  • this overall width must comply with the road traffic gauge, that is to say four meters in single track and seven meters in double track.
  • each of these is provided, at each end, with two spaced apart longitudinal support legs, which consist of plates 44 welded to the lower edges of the partitions 43 fixed vertically on the underside of the rectangular plate 41.
  • Each panel 4 can thus be supported, by means of four longitudinal tabs 44, on the upper flanges of two neighboring beams.
  • a strip of plastic material such as neoprene is glued along the entire length of the the element, in line with the core 9, so as to be interposed between the support legs 44 and the sole 8.
  • each module 3 may be provided with several pairs of bolting holes placed respectively on either side of the core 9 and distributed over the length of the module 3 at intervals corresponding to the width. 12 of the panels 4 so that, when installing a panel 4, the orifices of two successive pairs come into alignment with the conjugate orifices formed on the two support legs 44 of the panel 4 and having the same center distance.
  • it is possible to fix it by passing in the aligned holes, rivets or bolts which can be mounted and tightened by means of a key passing through the corresponding openings made on the top plate 41 of panel 4.
  • the length l1, l1 of the panels 2 and the center distance of the support beams must correspond to the width of the deck to be produced.
  • the decking comprises, in cross section, a single panel 4 whose ends rest on the upper flanges of the two beams 10a, 10b.
  • each of the beam elements 3 comprises, on the two faces of its web 9, ribs 20 on which are formed holes 23 for fixing the spacers 2, it is possible, from the same elements prefabricated, to create single-track bridges resting on two neighboring beams or double-track bridges resting on three beams, with two side beams 10a, 10b, fixed by spacers 2, on either side of a central beam 10c .
  • the elements of beam 3 are made up of adjoining modules, at least for the central beam, in order to increase the bending strength of the latter.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to vary not only the length and the width of a bridge span, but also its resistance, by using, for its construction, only three types of prefabricated elements, respectively beam elements 3, spacers 2 and decking panels 4.
  • the deck is, in all cases, made entirely from prefabricated elements which do not require any adaptation and can be assembled by simple bolting or riveting, it is possible to manufacture them in advance economically and in complete safety. in a factory, and transport them, by sea or land to the construction site where they will be assembled.
  • the beam elements it is particularly advantageous to give the beam elements a length not exceeding 11.50 meters, in order to be able to transport them in containers with the spacers, the decking panels and accessory members such as fish plates or other means. connection as well as railing elements.
  • accessories such as guardrails or the uprights of a guardrail 14 can be fixed to the stiffening ribs formed on the external faces of the elements constituting the lateral support beams 10a, 10b, of a span.
  • modules having at least two different heights can be produced in order to vary their flexural strength, each support beam thus being able to be formed from modules having an inertia adapted to the span between support. and the position of the module in the beam.
  • modules must be equipped with assembly means at their two ends to constitute a central module, or else at only one end, to constitute an edge module, these assembly means possibly being of the male or female type for fit into each other when assembling two consecutive modules.
  • central modules of type 31 comprising, at one end a yoke 5 and at the other end a tenon 6 and, on the other hand, edge elements of type 32 ( Fig. 2 ) comprising, at one end, either a yoke or a tenon, the other end forming a simple support.
  • modules devoid of assembly means at their ends which can be used for the construction of short-span bridges, simply comprising a decking supported by two or three parallel elements resting, at their ends, on two abutments. .
  • these prefabricated modules will have a maximum length, for example 11.40 meters, allowing transport in containers. However, it will be advantageous to also produce shorter modules in order to be able to adjust the overall length of the beams produced by assembling several consecutive modules.
  • modules having, respectively, two or three different lengths, for example 5.70 m, 8.55 m and 11.40 m, which differ from each other by 2, 85 m, such modules being able to be associated in different ways in order to build bridges of various lengths.
  • this pitch of 2.85 m will advantageously correspond to the length of the panels 4 and to the spacing of the ribs 20 for fixing the spacers 2.
  • the flexural strength of the beams thus produced by assembling prefabricated elements must be adapted to the span between supports and to the load supported.
  • this resistance can be improved, as shown in the figures 5 to 9 , by increasing the height of the elements and / or by joining two or three modules ( Fig. 8 ).
  • a span of a double-track bridge could be carried by three beams 850 mm high for a span of 11.40 m, by two side beams of 850 mm and a central beam of 1350 mm for a span of 14 , 50 to 17.10 m and by a central beam of 1950 mm for a span of 19.50 to 22.80 m.
  • a double track span will rest on two lateral beams of 1350 mm and a double central beam formed of two joined elements of 1950 mm and, for a span of 37.05 to 45 , 60 m, on two side beams of 1950 mm and a triple central beam made up of three joined elements of 1950 mm.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible, from only three types of prefabricated elements, respectively beam elements, spacers and decking panels, to build quickly and economically low or medium span bridges, which can range from ten about fifty meters and whose width may vary.
  • the span produced can be launched by pushing from the bank.
  • the modules 3 can be provided, at at least one end, with a pair of angles or vertical plates 18 extending on either side of a neoprene strip and provided with spaced openings making it possible to fix so removable means of progressive pushing of the entire span.
  • the decking panels arranged between the elements of two neighboring beams could serve as permanent formwork for the casting, in one or more parts, of a concrete slab constituting the platform of the bridge.
  • the modules of different lengths in another way, in order to modify the overall lengths of the support beams thus produced.
  • the dimensions of the prefabricated modules indicated above are adapted to the standard dimensions of the containers but other dimensions could be chosen in order to modify the range of achievable spans.

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Description

L'invention a pour objet une travée de pont métallique et un procédé de construction modulaire d'une telle travée.The subject of the invention is a metal bridge span and a method of modular construction of such a span.

Le terme pont désigne ici toute construction métallique reposant sur au moins deux appuis écartés tels que des culées ou des piliers, afin de franchir une vallée ou de croiser une autre voie de circulation routière ou ferroviaire.The term bridge designates here any metallic construction based on at least two spaced supports such as abutments or pillars, in order to cross a valley or to cross another road or rail traffic route.

Au cours d'opérations militaires ou à la suite de celles-ci, il est souvent nécessaire de réaliser rapidement des ouvrages de franchissement de rivières. Souvent, les culées et les piles des ponts sont restées en place et il suffit de poser un nouveau tablier.During or following military operations, it is often necessary to quickly construct river crossings. Often the abutments and piers of bridges have remained in place and a new deck is sufficient.

Dans ce but, on a développé, au cours de la seconde guerre mondiale, une technique de réalisation de ponts provisoires de type « BAILEY » constitués d'éléments préfabriqués assez légers pour être manipulés et assemblés manuellement de façon à réaliser deux poutres en treillis supportant un tablier.To this end, during the Second World War, a technique was developed for producing temporary "BAILEY" -type bridges made up of prefabricated elements light enough to be handled and assembled manually so as to produce two lattice girders supporting an apron.

Cependant, des conflits locaux entraînent encore des destructions. De même, des catastrophes naturelles, par exemple, des secousses sismiques ou des glissements de terrains peuvent détruire des ouvrages de franchissement qui doivent être reconstruits rapidement.However, local conflicts still lead to destruction. Likewise, natural disasters, for example earthquakes or landslides, can destroy crossings which must be rebuilt quickly.

Les techniques militaires, de type BAILEY, ne sont plus adaptées aux situations actuelles et c'est pourquoi, pour répondre à de tels besoins, la société déposante a développé, depuis quelques années, un nouveau procédé, beaucoup plus performant, de construction de ponts métalliques.Military techniques, of the BAILEY type, are no longer adapted to current situations and this is why, to meet such needs, the submitting company has developed, in recent years, a new, much more efficient process for the construction of bridges. metallic.

Dans ce procédé qui est décrit, notamment, dans le document FR-A-2 858 338 , on réalise à l'avance trois ensembles d'éléments de construction préfabriqués, respectivement un premier ensemble d'éléments de poutres formant des modules allongés, un second ensemble d'entretoises transversales de liaison entre deux poutres parallèles et un troisième ensemble d'éléments plans de formation d'un platelage prenant appui sur lesdites poutres.In this process which is described, in particular, in the document FR-A-2 858 338 , three sets of prefabricated construction elements are produced in advance, respectively a first set of beam elements forming elongated modules, a second set of transverse connecting struts between two parallel beams and a third set of elements plans for forming a decking resting on said beams.

Les éléments de poutre sont munis, à leurs extrémités, de moyens d'assemblage amovible avec les extrémités de modules adjacents pour la formation d'une poutre longitudinale de support ayant une longueur correspondant à la portée entre appuis. Par assemblage bout à bout d'au moins deux éléments, on peut ainsi construire deux poutres longitudinales qui sont mises en place sur les appuis par un moyen de levage, tel qu'une grue, et sont reliées par les entretoises. Si les moyens de levage le permettent, on peut aussi fixer les entretoises à l'avance sur les deux poutres écartées et poser sur les appuis l'ensemble de la travée ainsi réalisée.The beam elements are provided, at their ends, with removable assembly means with the ends of adjacent modules for the formation of a longitudinal support beam having a length corresponding to the span between supports. By end-to-end assembly of at least two elements, it is thus possible to construct two longitudinal beams which are placed on the supports by a lifting means, such as a crane, and are connected by the spacers. If the lifting means allow it, the spacers can also be fixed in advance on the two spaced beams and put on the supports the whole of the span thus produced.

Il est également possible de lancer les poutres par poussage en les munissant d'un avant-bec.It is also possible to launch the beams by pushing by providing them with a nosepiece.

On pose alors sur les entretoises des profilés longitudinaux et, sur ces profilés, des panneaux consécutifs pour former la plateforme du pont.Longitudinal profiles are then placed on the spacers and, on these profiles, consecutive panels to form the platform of the bridge.

Un tel procédé, particulièrement rapide et économique, permet, non seulement, de reconstruire des ponts détruits, mais aussi de réaliser de nouveaux ouvrages. En effet, alors que les ponts provisoires de type « BAILEY » sont peu esthétiques, les poutres de support ainsi réalisées par assemblage bout à bout d'éléments préfabriqués sont semblables à celles d'un pont métallique classique. De plus, il est possible de réaliser des portées entre appuis relativement importantes, de plusieurs dizaines de mètres.Such a particularly rapid and economical process makes it possible not only to rebuild destroyed bridges, but also to build new structures. Indeed, while the temporary bridges of the “BAILEY” type are unsightly, the support beams thus produced by end-to-end assembly of prefabricated elements are similar to those of a conventional metal bridge. In addition, it is possible to achieve relatively large spans between supports, of several tens of meters.

Dans le mode de réalisation du document FR-A-2 858-338 , les éléments de poutres sont constitués de caissons creux allongés à section transversale quadrangulaire, avec deux semelles horizontales, respectivement supérieure et inférieure, reliées par des parois latérales sensiblement verticales.In the embodiment of the document FR-A-2 858-338 , the beam elements consist of elongated hollow boxes with a quadrangular cross section, with two horizontal flanges, upper and lower respectively, connected by substantially vertical side walls.

Une telle disposition présente de multiples avantages. En particulier, de tels caissons sont assez stables à la pose et résistent à la torsion lors du levage ou du lançage de la poutre réalisée par assemblage bout à bout de plusieurs éléments.Such an arrangement has many advantages. In particular, such caissons are fairly stable on installation and resist torsion during lifting or launching of the beam produced by end-to-end assembly of several elements.

Toutefois, la réalisation de tels éléments en caissons est relativement complexe et demande un matériel spécialisé. De plus, les éléments doivent être protégés contre la corrosion et il est difficile de réaliser une telle protection à l'intérieur de caissons fermés.However, the production of such elements in boxes is relatively complex and requires specialized equipment. In addition, the elements must be protected against corrosion and it is difficult to achieve such protection inside closed boxes.

Par ailleurs, les poutres ainsi réalisées par assemblage bout à bout de plusieurs caissons sont relativement lourdes et nécessitent des moyens de levage adéquats.Moreover, the beams thus produced by end-to-end assembly of several caissons are relatively heavy and require adequate lifting means.

L'invention a pour objet de résoudre de tels problèmes, grâce à un nouveau type d'élément préfabriqué plus simple, moins lourd et plus facile à réaliser et à mettre en œuvre que les éléments utilisés jusqu'à présent et permettant, cependant, de conserver tous les avantages du procédé précédent.The object of the invention is to solve such problems, thanks to a new type of prefabricated element which is simpler, less heavy and easier to produce and to implement than the elements used hitherto and which, however, make it possible to retain all the advantages of the previous process.

L'invention apporte, en outre, de nombreux avantages propres qui seront décrits plus loin.The invention also provides numerous specific advantages which will be described below.

L'invention a donc pour objet une travée de pont selon la revendication 1.The subject of the invention is therefore a bridge span according to claim 1.

Dans le cas d'une poutre constituée de modules accolés, les orifices ménagés sur les nervures des faces internes, tournées l'une vers l'autre, de deux modules voisins, servent au boulonnage d'éclisses de solidarisation desdits modules alors que les orifices ménagés sur les nervures des faces tournées vers l'extérieur servent à la fixation des entretoises ou, sur les cotés, d'organes accessoires.In the case of a beam made up of adjoining modules, the orifices made on the ribs of the internal faces, turned towards one another, of two neighboring modules, are used for bolting the splices for securing said modules while the orifices provided on the ribs of the faces facing outwards are used for fixing the spacers or, on the sides, accessory members.

Par ailleurs, l'âme verticale de chaque module est avantageusement munie, à proximité de chaque nervure, d'une ouverture placée au niveau des orifices de fixation des entretoises ménagés sur ladite nervure, pour permettre la mise en place et le serrage, des deux cotés de l'âme, de moyens de fixation amovible des extrémités d'entretoises.Furthermore, the vertical core of each module is advantageously provided, near each rib, with an opening placed at the level of the fixing holes of the spacers provided on said rib, to allow the positioning and tightening, on both sides of the core, of removable fixing means of the ends of the spacers.

Selon une autre caractéristique préférentielle, les moyens d'assemblage entre deux modules adjacents comprennent, à une extrémité d'un premier module, deux plats épais fixés sur la semelle inférieure dudit module, de part et d'autre de l'âme et s'étendant vers l'extérieur de celle-ci, de façon à former une chape et, à l'extrémité opposée d'un second module, un plat épais unique muni d'une fente centrale d'emboîtement sur l'âme dudit module et s'étendant vers l'extérieur de celle-ci de façon à former un tenon emboîtable dans la chape du module adjacent, lesdits plats étant percés d'orifices alignés de passage d'une broche de solidarisation afin de constituer une liaison articulée à la partie inférieure des deux modules successifs qui prennent appui l'un sur l'autre par les extrémités en vis-à-vis de leurs semelles supérieures.According to another preferred characteristic, the assembly means between two adjacent modules comprise, at one end of a first module, two thick plates fixed to the lower flange of said module, on either side of the core and s' extending outwardly thereof, so as to form a yoke and, at the opposite end of a second module, a single thick plate provided with a central slot for interlocking on the core of said module and s 'extending outwardly thereof so as to form a stud which can be fitted into the yoke of the adjacent module, said flats being pierced with aligned orifices for the passage of a securing pin in order to constitute an articulated connection to the lower part of two successive modules which bear one on the other by the opposite ends of their upper flanges.

Des aspects avantageux, mais non obligatoire de la travée sont définis aux revendications 2 à 9.Advantageous, but not mandatory, aspects of the span are defined in claims 2 to 9.

Par ailleurs, les éléments de poutre à profil en I selon l'invention permettent la mise en œuvre d'un procédé de construction modulaire selon la revendication 10.Furthermore, the beam elements with an I-profile according to the invention allow the implementation of a modular construction method according to claim 10.

Des aspects avantageux, mais non obligatoire du procédé sont définis aux revendications 11 à 15.Advantageous, but not mandatory, aspects of the process are defined in claims 11 to 15.

De même, on pourra aussi réaliser au moins deux séries d'entretoises et au moins deux séries de panneaux de platelage, afin de réaliser des tabliers ayant des tabliers ayant au moins deux largeurs différentes. En particulier, en disposant d'au moins deux types de panneaux ayant une même longueur et des largeurs différentes, respectivement une grande et une petite largeur, on pourrait faire varier la largeur du tablier en plaçant côte à côte, entre deux poutres parallèles, soit deux panneaux de largeurs différentes, soit deux panneaux de même largeur.Likewise, at least two series of spacers and at least two series of decking panels can also be produced, in order to produce decks having decks having at least two different widths. In particular, by having at least two types of panels having the same length and different widths, respectively a large and a small width, the width of the deck could be varied by placing side by side, between two parallel beams, i.e. two panels of different widths, ie two panels of the same width.

En outre, il est intéressant de réaliser au moins deux séries d'entretoises et au moins deux séries de panneaux de platelage ayant au moins deux longueurs différentes, afin de construire des tabliers ayant au moins deux largeurs différentes.Furthermore, it is advantageous to make at least two series of spacers and at least two series of decking panels having at least two different lengths, in order to construct decks having at least two different widths.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de certains modes de réalisation, décrits uniquement à titre d'exemple, en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de côté d'un élément de poutre central
  • la figure 2 est une vue de coté, d'un élément de rive.
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus de l'élément de poutre central représenté sur la figure 1,
  • la figure 4 montre schématiquement, en élévation, une poutre longitudinale de support constituée, dans cet exemple, de quatre modules assemblés bout à bout.
  • la figure 5 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'une travée de pont à une voie de circulation.
  • les figures 6 et 7 montrent, en coupe transversale, deux variantes de réalisation d'une travée de pont à double voie.
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective, dans une autre variante, d'une partie d'une travée de pont à double voie.
  • la figure 9 montre schématiquement, en coupe transversale, plusieurs variantes, dans un second mode de réalisation d'une travée.
  • la figure 10 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'un panneau de platelage adapté à ce second mode de réalisation d'une travée.
  • la figure 11 montre, schématiquement, plusieurs types de poutres de support
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of certain embodiments, described solely by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a side view of a central beam element
  • the figure 2 is a side view of an edge element.
  • the figure 3 is a top view of the central beam element shown in figure 1 ,
  • the figure 4 schematically shows, in elevation, a longitudinal support beam consisting, in this example, of four modules assembled end to end.
  • the figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a single-lane bridge span.
  • the figures 6 and 7 show, in cross section, two alternative embodiments of a double track bridge span.
  • the figure 8 is a perspective view, in another variant, of part of a double-track bridge span.
  • the figure 9 schematically shows, in cross section, several variants, in a second embodiment of a bay.
  • the figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a decking panel suitable for this second embodiment of a bay.
  • the figure 11 shows, schematically, several types of support beams

Il est à noter que au moins l'une des poutres longitudinales de support parallèles voisines de la travée de pont selon l'invention est constituée d'au moins deux modules allongés accolés comme définit dans la revendication 1. Une travée d'un pont, telle que partiellement illustrée aux figures 4 et 5, repose sur des éléments de maçonnerie, non représentés, fixés soit sur le sol soit sur le fond d'un cours d'eau ou d'un plan d'eau.It should be noted that at least one of the longitudinal parallel support beams adjacent to the bridge span according to the invention consists of at least two elongated modules joined together as defined in claim 1. A span of a bridge, as partially illustrated in figures 4 and 5 , is based on masonry elements, not shown, fixed either on the ground or on the bottom of a stream or a body of water.

D'une façon générale, une travée E, telle que représentée en coupe transversale sur la figure 5, comprend, dans le cas d'un pont à simple voie de circulation, deux poutres de support 10a, 10b, parallèles à un axe longitudinal de franchissement, reliées par des entretoises 2 et portant un platelage formé de panneaux rigi des 4 posés l'un à la suite de l'autre.In general, a span E, as shown in cross section on the figure 5 , comprises, in the case of a single traffic lane bridge, two support beams 10a, 10b, parallel to a longitudinal crossing axis, connected by spacers 2 and carrying a decking formed of rigid panels of the 4 placed the one after the other.

Selon l'une des caractéristiques du procédé, chaque poutre longitudinale 10a, 10b est constituée d'un certain nombre d'éléments de poutres préfabriqués assemblés bout à bout et formant des modules dont le nombre dépend de la portée entre appuis à réaliser.According to one of the characteristics of the process, each longitudinal beam 10a, 10b consists of a certain number of prefabricated beam elements assembled end to end and forming modules, the number of which depends on the span between supports to be produced.

La figure 4, par exemple, montre une poutre longitudinale comprenant quatre modules, respectivement deux modules centraux 31 et deux modules de rive 32 reposant sur des culées 11.The figure 4 , for example, shows a longitudinal beam comprising four modules, respectively two central modules 31 and two edge modules 32 resting on abutments 11.

Dans le cas du document FR-A-2 858 338 cité plus haut, chaque élément de poutre forme un caisson allongé creux de section transversale quadrangulaire. Dans la présente invention, en revanche, comme le montre la figure 5, chaque élément de poutre 3a, 3b présente une section transversale en I et comprend donc deux semelles horizontales, respectivement inférieure 7 et supérieure 8, reliées par une âme verticale 9 constituée d'une simple tôle plane (Fig.1).In the case of the document FR-A-2 858 338 cited above, each beam element forms an elongated hollow box of quadrangular cross section. In the present invention, on the other hand, as shown in figure 5 , each beam element 3a, 3b has an I-shaped cross section and therefore comprises two horizontal flanges, respectively lower 7 and upper 8, connected by a vertical web 9 made of a simple flat sheet ( Fig. 1 ).

Pour diminuer le risque de torsion de l'élément 3a, 3b, celui-ci est muni d'une pluralité de nervures de raidissement 20, écartées les unes et autres et réparties sur toute sa longueur, ces nervures 20 étant constituées de plats transversaux fixés sur les deux faces latérales 90,91 de l'âme 9, perpendiculairement à celle-ci, et s'étendant verticalement entre les deux semelles 7 et 8.To reduce the risk of torsion of the element 3a, 3b, the latter is provided with a plurality of stiffening ribs 20, spaced apart and distributed over its entire length, these ribs 20 consisting of fixed transverse plates on the two lateral faces 90,91 of the core 9, perpendicular to the latter, and extending vertically between the two flanges 7 and 8.

Selon l'une des caractéristiques essentielles de l'invention, ces nervures de raidissement 20 servent à la fixation d'entretoises de liaison 2 entre les deux poutres longitudinales parallèles 10a, 10b, qui sont constituées chacune par assemblage bout à bout d'éléments préfabriqués. En outre, les éléments placés l'un en face de l'autre sur les deux poutres voisines 10a, 10b, sont constitués de modules identiques 3 et les nervures 20 sont donc réparties de la même façon sur les deux faces latérales 90, 91 de l'âme 9 de chaque module 3 de telle sorte que deux nervures fixées respectivement sur les faces en regard 91b, 90a, des deux poutres voisines 10a, 10b sont alignées suivant un plan vertical perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale des deux poutres, les entretoises de liaison 2 entre celles-ci étant, ainsi, perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal de la travée E.According to one of the essential characteristics of the invention, these stiffening ribs 20 are used for fixing connecting struts 2 between the two parallel longitudinal beams 10a, 10b, which are each formed by end-to-end assembly of prefabricated elements. . In addition, the elements placed one opposite the other on the two neighboring beams 10a, 10b, consist of identical modules 3 and the ribs 20 are therefore distributed in the same way on the two side faces 90, 91 of the core 9 of each module 3 such that two ribs fixed respectively on the facing faces 91b, 90a, of the two neighboring beams 10a, 10b are aligned in a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the two beams, the spacers of link 2 between these being, thus, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bay E.

D'autre part, les moyens d'assemblage ménagés respectivement aux extrémités en regard de deux éléments de poutre consécutifs sont constitués de pattes, respectivement femelle 5 et mâle 6, qui s'emboîtent l'une dans l'autre et sont reliées par un axe d'articulation.On the other hand, the assembly means provided respectively at the opposite ends of two consecutive beam elements consist of legs, respectively female 5 and male 6, which fit into each other and are connected by a articulation axis.

Ainsi, un module central 31 tel que représenté sur la figure 3, comprend, à une extrémité 5, deux plats épais 12 fixés sur la semelle inférieure 7 de part et d'autre de la base de l'âme 9 et s'étendant vers l'extérieur de celle-ci de façon à former une chape alors que l'extrémité opposée 6 porte un plat unique 14 fixé sur la semelle inférieure 7 et muni d'une fente centrale qui s'emboîte sur la base de l'âme 9 et s'étend vers l'extérieur de celle-ci de façon à former un tenon 6 emboîtable dans la chape 5 d'un élément adjacent. De plus, les deux pièces, femelle 5 et mâle 6, sont percées d'orifices transversaux 13 qui, après emboîtement, viennent en alignement pour permettre le passage d'une broche de solidarisation entre deux modules 3 consécutifs.Thus, a central module 31 as shown in figure 3 , comprises, at one end 5, two thick dishes 12 fixed to the lower flange 7 on either side of the base of the core 9 and extending outwardly thereof so as to form a yoke while the opposite end 6 carries a single flat 14 fixed on the lower sole 7 and provided with a central slot which fits on the base of the core 9 and extends outwardly thereof from so as to form a tenon 6 which can be fitted into the yoke 5 of an adjacent element. In addition, the two parts, female 5 and male 6, are pierced with transverse holes 13 which, after fitting, come into alignment to allow the passage of a securing pin between two consecutive modules 3.

Les modules de rive 32 sont constitués de la même façon et comportent donc, comme représenté sur la figure 2, deux semelles horizontales, respectivement inférieure 7 et supérieure 8, reliées par une âme verticale 9 munie de nervures de raidissement 20.En revanche, ils sont munis d'un moyen d'assemblage, mâle ou femelle, à une seule extrémité et l'extrémité opposée, dépourvue de moyen d'assemblage, peut avantageusement avoir une épaisseur réduite et être munie de moyens de roulement non représentés, de façon à former un appui sur une culée 11.The edge modules 32 are made in the same way and therefore comprise, as shown in the figure 2 , two horizontal flanges, respectively lower 7 and upper 8, connected by a vertical core 9 provided with stiffening ribs 20. On the other hand, they are provided with an assembly means, male or female, at one end and the opposite end, devoid of assembly means, can advantageously have a reduced thickness and be provided with rolling means (not shown), so as to form a support on an abutment 11.

Comme le montre la figure 4 dans le cas d'une poutre à quatre éléments, les modules successifs ainsi reliés bout à bout par des articulations 5,6, au niveau de leurs semelles inférieures 7, prennent appui l'un sur l'autre au niveau de leurs semelles supérieures 8. Pour permettre leur emboîtement, les pattes de liaison 5, 6, doivent s'étendre en saillie par rapport à l'extrémité de l'âme verticale 9. C'est pourquoi la partie inférieure de celle-ci comporte, à chaque extrémité, une échancrure 19 permettant de placer les bords extrêmes des semelles supérieures 8 de deux modules successifs, dans un plan de jonction P passant par l'axe des orifices alignés 13 de passage de broches de solidarisation entre lesdits modules.As shown in the figure 4 in the case of a beam with four elements, the successive modules thus connected end to end by articulations 5,6, at the level of their lower flanges 7, bear one on the other at the level of their upper flanges 8 To allow their interlocking, the connecting tabs 5, 6 must project out from the end of the vertical core 9. This is why the lower part of the latter comprises, at each end, a notch 19 for placing the end edges of the upper flanges 8 of two successive modules, in a junction plane P passing through the axis of the aligned orifices 13 for the passage of securing pins between said modules.

De la sorte, après assemblage, les modules 3 assemblés bout à bout pour former une poutre 10a, 10b et articulés au niveau de leurs semelles inférieures 7, prennent appui l'un sur l'autre par les bords extrêmes de leurs semelles supérieures 8 et, éventuellement, la partie supérieure des bords verticaux de leurs âmes 9.In this way, after assembly, the modules 3 assembled end to end to form a beam 10a, 10b and articulated at their lower flanges 7, bear one on the other by the end edges of their upper flanges 8 and , possibly, the upper part of the vertical edges of their cores 9.

A la fabrication, il est possible d'ajuster par usinage la position des bords extrêmes des semelles supérieures 8,, de façon à régler avec précision, à chaque extrémité, un angle d'inclinaison du plan de la semelle 8 avec le plan vertical de jonction P, afin de donner à la poutre de support 10a, 10b réalisée par assemblage des éléments, un profil en long légèrement convexe vers le haut.During manufacture, it is possible to adjust by machining the position of the end edges of the upper flanges 8 ,, so as to adjust with precision, at each end, an angle of inclination of the plane of the sole 8 with the vertical plane of junction P, in order to give the support beam 10a, 10b produced by assembling the elements, a lengthwise profile slightly convex upwards.

D'autre part, comme le montrent les dessins, chaque nervure de raidissement 20 est munie d'une série d'orifices superposés 23 permettant la fixation, par boulonnage ou rivetage, de l'extrémité d'une entretoise de liaison 2 munie, à chaque extrémité, d'au moins deux orifices conjugués ayant le même écartement que les orifices 23 des nervures 20. Ceux-ci peuvent, d'ailleurs, être en plus grand nombre que les orifices des entretoises 2, afin de permettre un réglage de leur niveau par rapport aux semelles 8.On the other hand, as shown in the drawings, each stiffening rib 20 is provided with a series of superimposed orifices 23 allowing the fixing, by bolting or riveting, of the end of a connecting spacer 2 provided, with each end, of at least two conjugate orifices having the same spacing as the orifices 23 of the ribs 20. These may, moreover, be in greater number than the orifices of the spacers 2, in order to allow adjustment of their level in relation to the soles 8.

De préférence, pour faciliter la pose des boulons ou rivets, l'âme 9 de chaque module 3 est munie d'une ouverture 92 placée à proximité de chaque nervure 20, sensiblement au niveau des orifices 23. D'ailleurs, de tels orifices 92 peuvent aussi servir à la fixation d'éléments de contreventement s'étendant horizontalement, en oblique, entre les faces internes de deux poutres voisines.Preferably, to facilitate the fitting of the bolts or rivets, the core 9 of each module 3 is provided with an opening 92 placed near each rib 20, substantially at the level of the orifices 23. Moreover, such orifices 92 can also be used for fixing bracing elements extending horizontally, obliquely, between the internal faces of two neighboring beams.

D'autre part, comme le montre la figures 5, les orifices 23 ménagés sur les nervures 20 des faces externes des poutres longitudinales 10a, 10b, peuvent servir à la fixation de montants de garde-corps 14 également préfabriqués. De plus, chaque entretoise 2 peut être formée de deux profilés en U accolés, appliqués de part et d'autre de la nervure 20.On the other hand, as shown in figures 5 , the orifices 23 formed on the ribs 20 of the external faces of the longitudinal beams 10a, 10b, can be used for fixing guardrail uprights 14 also prefabricated. In addition, each spacer 2 can be formed from two contiguous U-sections, applied on either side of the rib 20.

Par ailleurs, selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, certains éléments de poutre 10a ou 10b sont constitués de plusieurs modules accolés afin d'augmenter la résistance à la flexion de la poutre 10a ou 10b formée par assemblage de tels éléments. C'est ainsi que, dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté en perspective sur la figure 8, d'un pont à double voie reposant sur trois poutres parallèles, les deux poutres externes 10a, 10b, sont constituées d'éléments 1a, 1b, formés chacun de deux modules accolés, alors que la poutre centrale 10c est constituée à partir d'éléments formés chacun de trois modules accolés.Moreover, according to an essential characteristic of the invention, certain beam elements 10a or 10b consist of several adjoining modules in order to increase the bending resistance of the beam 10a or 10b formed by assembling such elements. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment shown in perspective on the figure 8 , of a double-track bridge resting on three parallel beams, the two external beams 10a, 10b, consist of elements 1a, 1b, each formed of two adjoining modules, while the central beam 10c is formed from elements each formed of three adjoining modules.

Comme les modules accolés sont identiques, leurs nervures de raidissement 20 viennent deux à deux l'une en face de l'autre, de même que les séries d'orifices 23. Ainsi, comme le montre, par exemple, la figure 9c dans le cas de la poutre centrale 10c, deux modules accolés 3 et 3' peuvent être solidarisés au moyen d'éclisses 24 fixées par des boulons ou rivets passant dans les orifices 23 ménagés sur les nervures internes venant en coïncidence et fixées sur les faces en regard 90, 91' des deux modules 3 et 3', alors que les entretoises 2, 2', sont fixées sur les orifices 23 placés au même niveau sur les nervures 20 des faces externes 91, 90'.As the adjoining modules are identical, their stiffening ribs 20 come two by two facing each other, as do the series of orifices 23. Thus, as shown, for example, the figure 9c in the case of the central beam 10c, two contiguous modules 3 and 3 'can be secured by means of straps 24 fixed by bolts or rivets passing through the orifices 23 made on the internal ribs coming into coincidence and fixed to the facing faces 90, 91' of the two modules 3 and 3 ', while the spacers 2, 2', are fixed to the orifices 23 placed at the same level on the ribs 20 of the external faces 91, 90 '.

Cependant, pour faciliter la fixation des éclisses, il peut aussi être avantageux de ménager sur chaque nervure 20, une seconde série d'orifices placés à un niveau inférieur.However, to facilitate the attachment of the fishplates, it may also be advantageous to provide on each rib 20, a second series of orifices placed at a lower level.

Par ailleurs, chacun des éléments de platelage est constitué d'un panneau rigide préfabriqué 4, comprenant une plaque rectangulaire 41, renforcée longitudinalement par une pluralité de profilés 42 soudés sur sa face inférieure et constituant des nervures de renforcement parallèles au grand coté du panneau 4 et donnant à celui-ci la rigidité nécessaire pour supporter les charges appliquées, compte tenu de l'entraxe des deux poutres voisines.Furthermore, each of the decking elements consists of a prefabricated rigid panel 4, comprising a rectangular plate 41, reinforced longitudinally by a plurality of profiles 42 welded on its underside and constituting reinforcing ribs parallel to the long side of the panel 4 and giving the latter the rigidity necessary to withstand the applied loads, taking into account the center distance of the two neighboring beams.

Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention représenté sur les figures 5 à 8, les panneaux de platelage 4 sont disposés longitudinalement entre les poutres de support 10, c'est à dire parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de la travée E.In a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the figures 5 to 8 , the decking panels 4 are arranged longitudinally between the support beams 10, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal axis of the span E.

A titre d'exemple, la figure 8 montre, en perspective, un pont à double voie reposant sur deux poutres latérales 10a, 10b, et une poutre centrale 10c, les éléments de poutres étant constitués, dans ce cas, de modules accolés.For example, the figure 8 shows, in perspective, a double-track bridge resting on two lateral beams 10a, 10b, and a central beam 10c, the beam elements being constituted, in this case, of adjoining modules.

Les éléments de platelage 4 sont constitués, comme indiqué plus haut, de panneaux rigides comprenant chacun une plaque rectangulaire 41, ayant une face supérieure de longueur l1 et de largeur l2, et une face inférieure sur laquelle sont soudés une pluralité de profilés longitudinaux 42 constituant des nervures de renforcement.The decking elements 4 consist, as indicated above, of rigid panels each comprising a rectangular plate 41, having an upper face of length l1 and width l2, and a lower face on which are welded a plurality of longitudinal sections 42 constituting reinforcing ribs.

Comme représenté sur les figures 5, 6, 7, chaque panneau 4 repose directement sur les entretoises de liaison 2 par l'intermédiaire des nervures de renforcement 42. De préférence, ces nervures peuvent être constituées de simples profilés en I ou en U, dont la hauteur est déterminée de façon que les faces supérieures des panneaux 2 soient alignées avec les semelles supérieures 8 des poutres afin de constituer avec celles-ci la plateforme du pont.As shown on figures 5, 6, 7 , each panel 4 rests directly on the connecting struts 2 via the reinforcing ribs 42. Preferably, these ribs may consist of simple I-shaped or U-shaped profiles, the height of which is determined so that the upper faces panels 2 are aligned with the upper flanges 8 of the beams in order to form the platform of the bridge with them.

De ce fait, la largeur globale des panneaux 4 posés côte à côte doit correspondre à l'écartement e entre les bords internes en vis-à-vis des semelles supérieures 8a,8b des deux poutres 10a, 10b.Therefore, the overall width of the panels 4 placed side by side must correspond to the distance e between the internal edges vis-à-vis the upper flanges 8a, 8b of the two beams 10a, 10b.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 5, les panneaux 4 ont une même largeur l2 qui doit donc être un sous-multiple de cet écartement e.In the embodiment shown in figure 5 , the panels 4 have the same width l2 which must therefore be a sub-multiple of this spacing e.

Cependant, comme indiqué plus haut, le tablier du pont doit ménager une largeur globale de passage respectant le gabarit de circulation routière, soit environ quatre mètres en simple voie et sept mètres en double voie.However, as indicated above, the bridge deck must provide an overall width of passage respecting the road traffic gauge, ie about four meters in single track and seven meters in double track.

En pratique, il sera intéressant de réaliser à l'avance deux types de panneaux préfabriqués ayant respectivement, par exemple, des largeurs l2 de 2010 mm et l'2 de 1210 mm.In practice, it will be advantageous to make in advance two types of prefabricated panels having respectively, for example, widths 12 of 2010 mm and 2 of 1210 mm.

Ainsi, dans le cas d'un pont à simple voie tel que représenté sur la figure 5, en posant cote à cote deux panneaux ayant une largeur l2 de 2010 mm, entre les semelles de deux poutres 10a, 10b, séparées d'un entraxe de 4415 mm, il sera possible, compte tenu d'un jeu de 5 mm entre les plaques 41 et d'une largeur des semelles 8 de 380mm, de réaliser un tablier ayant une largeur globale de 4751 mm entre les garde-corps.Thus, in the case of a single track bridge as shown in figure 5 , by placing two panels side by side having a width l2 of 2010 mm, between the flanges of two beams 10a, 10b, separated by a center distance of 4415 mm, it will be possible, taking into account a clearance of 5 mm between the plates 41 and a width of the soles 8 of 380mm, to produce an apron having an overall width of 4751 mm between the guardrails.

En revanche, pour un pont à double voie tel que représenté sur la figure 6, en posant deux panneaux accolés de largeurs différentes l2 et l'2 entre chaque poutre externe 10a, 10b et la poutre centrale 10c, séparées, respectivement d'un entraxe de 3615 mm, il sera possible de réaliser un tablier ayant une largeur globale de 7566 mm ménageant le gabarit souhaité.On the other hand, for a double track bridge as shown in the figure 6 , by placing two adjoining panels of different widths l2 and l2 between each external beam 10a, 10b and the central beam 10c, separated, respectively by a center distance of 3615 mm, it will be possible to produce an apron having an overall width of 7566 mm leaving the desired template.

Mais il est aussi possible, par exemple de la façon représentée sur la figure 7, d'obtenir le même gabarit de passage à double voie, pour un pont reposant sur quatre poutres, respectivement deux poutres centrales 10c, 10d écartées d'un entraxe de 1600 mm et séparées chacune d'une poutre externe 10a, 10b, par un entraxe de 2815 mm, le platelage étant alors constitué de cinq panneaux de même largeur l2.But it is also possible, for example as shown in the figure 7 , to obtain the same double-track passage gauge, for a bridge resting on four beams, respectively two central beams 10c, 10d spaced at a center distance of 1600 mm and each separated by an external beam 10a, 10b, by a center distance of 2815 mm, the decking then being made up of five panels of the same width l2.

Par ailleurs, les panneaux 2 qui reposent sur les entretoises 6 doivent être fixés sur celles-ci. Ils auront, donc, de préférence, une longueur l1 égale à l'écartement des nervures 20 sur lesquelles sont fixées les entretoises 2. Celles-ci sont avantageusement constituées de deux profilés accolés qui peuvent être percés d'orifices de boulonnage venant en coïncidence avec des orifices conjugués 24 ménagés aux extrémités de chaque panneau 4, de la façon indiquée sur la figure 8.Furthermore, the panels 2 which rest on the spacers 6 must be fixed on them. They will therefore preferably have a length l1 equal to the spacing of the ribs 20 on which the spacers 2 are fixed. These are advantageously made up of two contiguous profiles which can be pierced with bolting holes coinciding with each other. conjugate orifices 24 formed at the ends of each panel 4, as indicated on figure 8 .

L'utilisation d'éléments de poutres à section transversale en I, donne, donc, de multiples possibilités.The use of beam elements with cross-section in I, therefore, gives multiple possibilities.

Mais en outre, il est aussi possible, dans un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, illustré par la figure 9, de disposer transversalement à l'axe longitudinal des poutres de support, les panneaux de platelage 4 qui, dans ce cas, reposent directement, par leurs extrémités, sur les semelles supérieures 8a, 8b des deux poutres 10a, 10b.But in addition, it is also possible, in a second embodiment of the invention, illustrated by figure 9 , to arrange transversely to the longitudinal axis of the support beams, the decking panels 4 which, in this case, rest directly, by their ends, on the upper flanges 8a, 8b of the two beams 10a, 10b.

Comme le montre, en coupe transversale, la figure 10, chaque panneau 4 comprenant une plaque rectangulaire 41 renforcée par des nervures longitudinales 42, est muni, à chaque extrémité, de moyens d'appui sur les semelles 8 comportant chacun deux cloisons verticales 43 parallèles aux petits cotés de la plaque 41 et dont la hauteur est déterminée de façon que les faces supérieures planes des panneaux adjacents soient alignées et forment une partie du platelage du pont. Ces cloisons 43 sont échancrées pour le passage des nervures 42 constituées, avantageusement, de profilés en U.As shown, in cross section, the figure 10 , each panel 4 comprising a rectangular plate 41 reinforced by longitudinal ribs 42, is provided, at each end, with means of bearing on the soles 8 each comprising two vertical partitions 43 parallel to the short sides of the plate 41 and whose height is determined so that the flat top faces of adjacent panels are aligned and form part of the deck decking. These partitions 43 are notched for the passage of the ribs 42 formed, advantageously, of U-shaped sections.

Etant donné que les panneaux de platelage 2 sont disposés transversalement aux poutres de support, l'entraxe de celles-ci dépend de la longueur l1 donnée à ces panneaux.Since the decking panels 2 are arranged transversely to the support beams, the distance between the latter depends on the length l1 given to these panels.

Comme le montre la figure 9a, dans le cas d'un pont à simple voie, l'entraxe entre les deux poutres de support 10a, 10b, doit donc correspondre à la longueur l1 du panneau 4, diminuée de la largeur d'une semelle, alors que chaque entretoise 2 doit avoir une longueur un peu inférieure à cet entraxe.As shown in the figure 9a , in the case of a single track bridge, the center distance between the two support beams 10a, 10b, must therefore correspond to the length l1 of the panel 4, reduced by the width of a flange, while each spacer 2 must have a length a little less than this center distance.

En revanche, dans le cas, représenté sur la figure 9b, d'un pont à double voie reposant sur trois poutres de support 10a, 10b, 10c, le platelage est constitué, en section transversale, de deux panneaux dont les extrémités internes se raccordent jointivement dans le plan médian de la poutre centrale 10c. L'écartement entre les plans médians de cette poutre centrale 10c et de chaque poutre latérale 10a, 10b, doit donc correspondre à la longueur de chaque panneau 4, diminuée de la moitié de la largeur de la semelle 8. Comme le montre la figure 9c, il en est de même, lorsque la poutre centrale 10c est constituée d'éléments accolés, de la façon indiquée plus haut.On the other hand, in the case, represented on the figure 9b , of a double-track bridge resting on three support beams 10a, 10b, 10c, the decking consists, in cross section, of two panels, the internal ends of which are joined together in the median plane of the central beam 10c. The spacing between the median planes of this central beam 10c and of each side beam 10a, 10b, must therefore correspond to the length of each panel 4, reduced by half the width of the flange 8. As shown in figure 9c , it is the same, when the central beam 10c consists of adjoining elements, as indicated above.

Par ailleurs, la largeur l2 de chaque panneau de platelage 2 est, de préférence, un sous-multiple de la longueur d'un élément de poutre 3, c'est-à-dire la distance entre les bords extrêmes de la semelle supérieure 8, afin que les éléments correspondants de deux poutres voisines soient recouverts par un nombre entier de panneaux 4.Furthermore, the width l2 of each decking panel 2 is preferably a submultiple of the length of a beam element 3, i.e. the distance between the end edges of the upper flange 8 , so that the corresponding elements of two neighboring beams are covered by a whole number of panels 4.

D'autre part, l'écartement entre deux poutres de support voisines, qui est assuré par les entretoises de liaison 2 et détermine la largeur globale du platelage, dépend de la longueur des panneaux. Or, cette largeur globale doit respecter le gabarit de circulation routière, c'est à dire quatre mètres en simple voie et de sept mètres en double voie.On the other hand, the spacing between two neighboring support beams, which is provided by the connecting struts 2 and determines the overall width of the decking, depends on the length of the panels. However, this overall width must comply with the road traffic gauge, that is to say four meters in single track and seven meters in double track.

En pratique, afin de donner au tablier la largeur nécessaire, on disposera d'au moins deux types de panneaux 2 de longueurs différentes pour former le platelage du pont, d'une part, pour un pont à simple voie, des panneaux ayant une longueur l1 de 4,60 m reposant sur deux poutres parallèles 10a, 10b (Figures 9a) et d'autre part, pour un pont à double voie, des panneaux ayant une longueur l'1 de 3,80 m, reposant sur trois poutres 10a, 10b, 10c (Figures 9b et 9c).In practice, in order to give the deck the necessary width, there will be at least two types of panels 2 of different lengths to form the deck decking, on the one hand, for a single-track bridge, panels having a length l1 of 4.60 m resting on two parallel beams 10a, 10b ( Figures 9a ) and on the other hand, for a double-track bridge, panels having a length 1'1 of 3.80 m, resting on three beams 10a, 10b, 10c ( Figures 9b and 9c ).

Pour permettre cette variation de l'entraxe des poutres en utilisant un très petit nombre de panneaux de platelage, chacun de ceux-ci est muni, à chaque extrémité, de deux pattes d'appui longitudinales écartées, qui sont constituées de plats 44 soudés sur les bords inférieurs des cloisons 43 fixées verticalement sur la face inférieure de la plaque rectangulaire 41.To allow this variation in the center distance of the beams by using a very small number of decking panels, each of these is provided, at each end, with two spaced apart longitudinal support legs, which consist of plates 44 welded to the lower edges of the partitions 43 fixed vertically on the underside of the rectangular plate 41.

Chaque panneau 4 peut ainsi prendre appui, par l'intermédiaire de quatre pattes longitudinales 44, sur les semelles supérieures de deux poutres voisines. De préférence, une bande de matière plastique telle que du néoprène est collée sur toute la longueur de l'élément, au droit de l'âme 9, de façon à s'interposer entre les pattes d'appui 44 et la semelle 8.Each panel 4 can thus be supported, by means of four longitudinal tabs 44, on the upper flanges of two neighboring beams. Preferably, a strip of plastic material such as neoprene is glued along the entire length of the the element, in line with the core 9, so as to be interposed between the support legs 44 and the sole 8.

De plus, la semelle supérieure de chaque module 3, pourra être munie de plusieurs paires d'orifices de boulonnage placés respectivement de part et d'autre de l'âme 9 et répartis sur la longueur du module 3 à des intervalles correspondant à la largeur l2 des panneaux 4 de façon que, à la pose d'un panneau 4, les orifices de deux paires successives viennent en alignement avec des orifices conjugués ménagés sur les deux pattes d'appui 44 du panneau 4 et ayant le même entraxe. Ainsi, après la pose d'un panneau, il est possible de fixer celui-ci en faisant passer dans les orifices alignés, des rivets ou boulons qui peuvent être montés et serrés au moyen d'une clef passant dans des ouvertures correspondantes ménagées sur la plaque supérieure 41 du panneau 4.In addition, the upper flange of each module 3 may be provided with several pairs of bolting holes placed respectively on either side of the core 9 and distributed over the length of the module 3 at intervals corresponding to the width. 12 of the panels 4 so that, when installing a panel 4, the orifices of two successive pairs come into alignment with the conjugate orifices formed on the two support legs 44 of the panel 4 and having the same center distance. Thus, after the installation of a panel, it is possible to fix it by passing in the aligned holes, rivets or bolts which can be mounted and tightened by means of a key passing through the corresponding openings made on the top plate 41 of panel 4.

Comme on l'a indiqué plus haut, la longueur l1, l'1 des panneaux 2 et l'entraxe des poutres de support doivent correspondre à la largeur du tablier à réaliser.As indicated above, the length l1, l1 of the panels 2 and the center distance of the support beams must correspond to the width of the deck to be produced.

Dans le cas d'un pont à simple voie tel que représenté sur la figure 9a, le platelage comprend, en section transversale, un seul panneau 4 dont les extrémités reposent sur les semelles supérieures des deux poutres 10a, 10b.In the case of a single track bridge as shown in the figure 9a , the decking comprises, in cross section, a single panel 4 whose ends rest on the upper flanges of the two beams 10a, 10b.

Pour un pont à double voie tel que représenté sur la figure 9b, les extrémités externes des panneaux 4a, 4b, reposent et sont fixées sur les poutres latérales 10a, 10b. En revanche, chacune des extrémités internes des panneaux 4a, 4b, qui se raccordent bout à bout dans le plan médian de la poutre centrale 10c, repose sur une moitié de la semelle supérieure de celle-ci. Cependant, dans le cas selon l'invention, représenté sur la figure 9c, où la poutre centrale 10c est constituée de modules accolés, les extrémités internes des deux panneaux 4a, 4b, sont fixées chacune par deux boulons sur les semelles supérieures des deux modules.For a double track bridge as shown in the figure 9b , the outer ends of the panels 4a, 4b, rest and are fixed on the side beams 10a, 10b. On the other hand, each of the internal ends of the panels 4a, 4b, which are connected end to end in the median plane of the central beam 10c, rests on one half of the upper flange thereof. However, in the case according to the invention, shown in figure 9c , where the central beam 10c consists of joined modules, the internal ends of the two panels 4a, 4b, are each fixed by two bolts on the upper flanges of the two modules.

Il est ainsi possible de faire varier la largeur du tablier en fonction des besoins.It is thus possible to vary the width of the apron as needed.

Il apparaît, donc, que l'ensemble des dispositions qui viennent d'être décrites permet, à partir d'un très petit nombre d'éléments préfabriqués de faire varier toutes les caractéristiques du pont ainsi réalisé, afin de répondre à de multiples besoins.It therefore appears that all the arrangements which have just been described make it possible, from a very small number of prefabricated elements, to vary all the characteristics of the bridge thus produced, in order to meet multiple needs.

Tout d'abord, il est possible de construire des ponts de différentes portées en faisant varier le nombre et les longueurs individuelles des éléments assemblés bout à bout, bien entendu jusqu'à une certaine limite.First of all, it is possible to construct bridges of different spans by varying the number and the individual lengths of the elements assembled end to end, of course up to a certain limit.

D'autre part, du fait que chacun des éléments de poutre 3 comporte, sur les deux faces de son âme 9, des nervures 20 sur lesquelles sont ménagés des orifices 23 de fixation des entretoises 2, il est possible, à partir des mêmes éléments préfabriqués, de réaliser des ponts à voie unique reposant sur deux poutres voisines ou bien à voie double reposant sur trois poutres, avec deux poutres latérales 10a, 10b, fixées par des entretoises 2, de part et d'autre d'une poutre centrale 10c. Selon l'invention, comme indiqué plus haut, les éléments de poutre 3 sont constitués de modules accolés, au moins pour la poutre centrale, afin d'augmenter la résistance à la flexion de celle-ci.On the other hand, due to the fact that each of the beam elements 3 comprises, on the two faces of its web 9, ribs 20 on which are formed holes 23 for fixing the spacers 2, it is possible, from the same elements prefabricated, to create single-track bridges resting on two neighboring beams or double-track bridges resting on three beams, with two side beams 10a, 10b, fixed by spacers 2, on either side of a central beam 10c . According to the invention, as indicated above, the elements of beam 3 are made up of adjoining modules, at least for the central beam, in order to increase the bending strength of the latter.

Cependant, pour augmenter la résistance à la flexion d'une poutre de support, il est aussi possible d'augmenter la hauteur de l'âme 9 et, par conséquent, le module d'inertie des éléments de cette poutre, de la façon représentée, par exemple, sur les figures 6 et 7.However, to increase the flexural strength of a support beam, it is also possible to increase the height of the web 9 and, therefore, the modulus of inertia of the elements of this beam, as shown. , for example, on figures 6 and 7 .

L'invention permet donc de faire varier non seulement la longueur et la largeur d'une travée de pont, mais également sa résistance, en utilisant, pour sa construction, seulement trois types d'éléments préfabriqués, respectivement des éléments de poutre 3, des entretoises 2 et des panneaux de platelage 4.The invention therefore makes it possible to vary not only the length and the width of a bridge span, but also its resistance, by using, for its construction, only three types of prefabricated elements, respectively beam elements 3, spacers 2 and decking panels 4.

Du fait que le tablier est, dans tous les cas, constitué entièrement à partir d'éléments préfabriqués qui ne nécessitent aucune adaptation et peuvent être assemblés par simple boulonnage ou rivetage, il est possible de les fabriquer à l'avance économiquement et en toute sécurité dans une usine, et de les transporter, par voie maritime ou terrestre jusqu'au site de construction où ils seront assemblés.Since the deck is, in all cases, made entirely from prefabricated elements which do not require any adaptation and can be assembled by simple bolting or riveting, it is possible to manufacture them in advance economically and in complete safety. in a factory, and transport them, by sea or land to the construction site where they will be assembled.

A cet égard, il est particulièrement avantageux de donner aux éléments de poutre une longueur ne dépassant pas 11,50 mètres, afin de pouvoir les transporter par conteneurs avec les entretoises, les panneaux de platelage et des organes accessoires tels que des éclisses ou autres moyens de liaison ainsi que des éléments de garde-corps.In this regard, it is particularly advantageous to give the beam elements a length not exceeding 11.50 meters, in order to be able to transport them in containers with the spacers, the decking panels and accessory members such as fish plates or other means. connection as well as railing elements.

Par exemple, comme le montrent les figures 5,6,7, des accessoires tels que des glissières de sécurité ou les montants d'un garde-corps 14 peuvent être fixés sur les nervures de raidissement ménagées sur les faces externes des éléments constituant les poutres de support latérales 10a, 10b, d'une travée.For example, as shown in figures 5,6,7 , accessories such as guardrails or the uprights of a guardrail 14 can be fixed to the stiffening ribs formed on the external faces of the elements constituting the lateral support beams 10a, 10b, of a span.

Pour répondre rapidement et économiquement à tous types de demandes, on pourra donc étudier et fabriquer à l'avance plusieurs séries d'éléments préfabriqués de différentes caractéristiques dans lesquelles on choisira les éléments ayant les caractéristiques voulues pour la construction d'un pont déterminé, le nombre nécessaire de ces éléments étant alors livré sur le site.To respond quickly and economically to all types of requests, we can therefore study and manufacture in advance several series of prefabricated elements with different characteristics in which we choose the elements having the desired characteristics for the construction of a given bridge, the necessary number of these elements then being delivered to the site.

Par exemple, on pourra fabriquer à l'avance en usine au moins deux séries d'éléments de poutre constituant des modules ayant au moins deux longueurs différentes à partir desquels, en faisant varier le nombre et les longueurs des modules assemblés, il sera possible de réaliser toute une gamme de longueurs de poutres de support adaptées à différentes portées entre appui.For example, at least two series of beam elements constituting modules having at least two different lengths from which, by varying the number and lengths of assembled modules, it will be possible to realize a whole range of lengths of support beams adapted to different spans between supports.

De plus, pour une même longueur, on pourra réaliser des modules ayant au moins deux hauteurs différentes afin de faire varier leur résistance à la flexion, chaque poutre de support pouvant ainsi être constituée à partir de modules ayant une inertie adaptée à la portée entre appui et à la position du module dans la poutre.In addition, for the same length, modules having at least two different heights can be produced in order to vary their flexural strength, each support beam thus being able to be formed from modules having an inertia adapted to the span between support. and the position of the module in the beam.

Par ailleurs, certains modules doivent être équipés de moyens d'assemblage à leurs deux extrémités pour constituer un module central, ou bien à une seule extrémité, pour constituer un module de rive, ces moyens d'assemblage pouvant être de type mâle ou femelle pour s'emboîter les uns dans les autres à l'assemblage de deux modules consécutifs.Furthermore, some modules must be equipped with assembly means at their two ends to constitute a central module, or else at only one end, to constitute an edge module, these assembly means possibly being of the male or female type for fit into each other when assembling two consecutive modules.

Pour chaque longueur de module, on réalisera donc à l'avance, d'une part, des modules centraux de type 31 (Fig.1) comportant, à une extrémité une chape 5 et à l'autre extrémité un tenon 6 et, d'autre part, des éléments de rive de type 32 (Fig.2) comportant, à une extrémité, soit une chape soit un tenon, l'autre extrémité formant un simple appui.For each length of module, we will therefore produce in advance, on the one hand, central modules of type 31 ( Fig. 1 ) comprising, at one end a yoke 5 and at the other end a tenon 6 and, on the other hand, edge elements of type 32 ( Fig. 2 ) comprising, at one end, either a yoke or a tenon, the other end forming a simple support.

Avantageusement, on pourra aussi réaliser des modules dépourvus de moyens d'assemblage à leurs extrémités, qui pourront servir à la construction de ponts de faible portée, comportant simplement un platelage supporté par deux ou trois éléments parallèles reposant, à leurs extrémités, sur deux culées.Advantageously, it is also possible to produce modules devoid of assembly means at their ends, which can be used for the construction of short-span bridges, simply comprising a decking supported by two or three parallel elements resting, at their ends, on two abutments. .

Comme indiqué plus haut, ces modules préfabriqués auront une longueur maximale, par exemple de 11,40 mètres, permettant un transport par conteneurs. Cependant, il sera intéressant de réaliser également des modules plus courts afin de pouvoir régler la longueur globale des poutres réalisées par assemblage de plusieurs modules consécutifs.As indicated above, these prefabricated modules will have a maximum length, for example 11.40 meters, allowing transport in containers. However, it will be advantageous to also produce shorter modules in order to be able to adjust the overall length of the beams produced by assembling several consecutive modules.

En pratique, il sera avantageux de réaliser à l'avance plusieurs séries des modules ayant, respectivement, deux ou trois longueurs différentes, par exemple 5,70 m, 8,55 m et 11,40 m, qui diffèrent entre elles de 2,85 m, de tels modules pouvant être associés de différentes façons afin de construire des ponts de longueurs variées.In practice, it will be advantageous to produce in advance several series of modules having, respectively, two or three different lengths, for example 5.70 m, 8.55 m and 11.40 m, which differ from each other by 2, 85 m, such modules being able to be associated in different ways in order to build bridges of various lengths.

Par exemple, à partir de deux séries de modules centraux 31 ayant, respectivement, des longueurs de 8,55 m (A1) et 11,40 m (A2) et de trois séries de modules de rive 32 ayant, respectivement, des longueurs de 5,70 m (B1), 8,55 m (B2) et 11,40 m (B3), il sera possible, en associant ces modules de différentes façons, de couvrir, avec un pas de 2,85 m, toute une gamme de portées allant de 11,40 m à 45,60 m,de la façon suivante:

  • un élément de type A2 pour une portée de 11,40 m.
  • deux éléments de rive B1 + B2 pour une portée de 14,25 m.
  • deux éléments de rive B1 + B3 pour une portée de 17,10 m.
  • deux éléments de rive B2 + B3 pour une portée de 19,95 m.
  • deux éléments de rive B3 + B3 pour une portée de 22,80 m.
  • un élément central A2 et deux éléments de rive B2 + B2 pour une portée de 25,65 m.
  • un élément central A2 et deux éléments de rive B1 + B3 pour une portée de 28,50 m.
  • un élément central A2 et deux éléments de rive B2 + B3 pour une portée de 31,35 m.
  • un élément central A2 et deux éléments de rive B3 + B3 pour une portée de 34,20 m.
  • deux éléments centraux A2 + A2 et deux éléments de rive B1 + B2 pour une portée de 37,05 m.
  • deux éléments centraux A2 + A2 et deux éléments de rive B2 + B2 pour une portée de 39,90 m.
  • deux éléments centraux A2 + A2 et deux éléments de rive B2 + B3 pour une portée de 42,75 m.
  • deux éléments centraux A2 + A2 et deux éléments de rive B3 + B3 pour une portée de 45,60 m.
For example, from two series of central modules 31 having, respectively, lengths of 8.55 m (A1) and 11.40 m (A2) and from three series of edge modules 32 having, respectively, lengths of 5.70 m (B1), 8.55 m (B2) and 11.40 m (B3), it will be possible, by associating these modules in different ways, to cover, with a step of 2.85 m, a whole range of spans from 11.40 m to 45.60 m, as follows:
  • an A2 type element for a span of 11.40 m.
  • two edge elements B1 + B2 for a span of 14.25 m.
  • two edge elements B1 + B3 for a span of 17.10 m.
  • two edge elements B2 + B3 for a span of 19.95 m.
  • two edge elements B3 + B3 for a span of 22.80 m.
  • a central element A2 and two edge elements B2 + B2 for a span of 25.65 m.
  • a central element A2 and two edge elements B1 + B3 for a span of 28.50 m.
  • a central element A2 and two edge elements B2 + B3 for a span of 31.35 m.
  • a central element A2 and two edge elements B3 + B3 for a span of 34.20 m.
  • two central elements A2 + A2 and two edge elements B1 + B2 for a span of 37.05 m.
  • two central elements A2 + A2 and two edge elements B2 + B2 for a span of 39.90 m.
  • two central elements A2 + A2 and two edge elements B2 + B3 for a span of 42.75 m.
  • two central elements A2 + A2 and two edge elements B3 + B3 for a span of 45.60 m.

Il est à noter que, lorsque les panneaux de platelage sont disposés longitudinalement de la façon représentée sur la figure 8, ce pas de 2,85m correspondra avantageusement à la longueur des panneaux 4 et à l'écartement des nervures 20 de fixation des entretoises 2.It should be noted that when the decking panels are arranged longitudinally as shown in the figure 8 , this pitch of 2.85 m will advantageously correspond to the length of the panels 4 and to the spacing of the ribs 20 for fixing the spacers 2.

Bien entendu, la résistance à la flexion des poutres ainsi réalisées par assemblage d'éléments préfabriqués doit être adaptée à la portée entre appuis et à la charge supportée. Comme indiqué plus haut, selon l'une des caractéristiques de l'invention, cette résistance peut être améliorée, de la façon représentée sur les figures 5 à 9, en augmentant la hauteur des éléments et/ou en accolant deux ou trois modules (Fig.8).Of course, the flexural strength of the beams thus produced by assembling prefabricated elements must be adapted to the span between supports and to the load supported. As indicated above, according to one of the characteristics of the invention, this resistance can be improved, as shown in the figures 5 to 9 , by increasing the height of the elements and / or by joining two or three modules ( Fig. 8 ).

Par exemple, une travée d'un pont à double voie pourra être portée par trois poutres de hauteur 850 mm pour une portée de 11,40 m, par deux poutres latérales de 850 mm et une poutre centrale de 1350 mm pour une portée de 14,50 à 17,10 m et par une poutre centrale de 1950 mm pour une portée de 19,50 à 22,80 m. Pour une portée de 25,65 à 34,20 m, une travée à double voie reposera sur deux poutres latérales de 1350 mm et une poutre centrale double formée de deux éléments accolés de 1950 mm et, pour une portée de 37,05 à 45,60 m, sur deux poutres latérales de 1950 mm et une poutre centrale triple constituée de trois éléments accolés de 1950 mm.For example, a span of a double-track bridge could be carried by three beams 850 mm high for a span of 11.40 m, by two side beams of 850 mm and a central beam of 1350 mm for a span of 14 , 50 to 17.10 m and by a central beam of 1950 mm for a span of 19.50 to 22.80 m. For a span of 25.65 to 34.20 m, a double track span will rest on two lateral beams of 1350 mm and a double central beam formed of two joined elements of 1950 mm and, for a span of 37.05 to 45 , 60 m, on two side beams of 1950 mm and a triple central beam made up of three joined elements of 1950 mm.

A titre d'exemple, la figure 11 montre certaines poutres ainsi réalisées à partir de tels éléments préfabriqués:

  • Les modèles P1, de hauteur 850 mm et P2, de hauteur 1950 mm constituent, respectivement, les poutres latérales et la poutre centrale d'une travée à double voie ayant une portée de 22,80 m.
  • Le modèle P3, comprenant un module central A2 de 11,40 m et deux modules de rive B2 et B3, de hauteur 1350 mm, peut constituer les poutres latérales d'une travée ayant une portée de 31,35 m.
  • Le modèle P4, comprenant deux modules de type A2 et deux modules de type B1 et B3, respectivement de 5,70 m et 8,55 m, ayant une hauteur de 1950 mm, peut constituer les poutres latérales d'une travée de portée 37,05 m.
For example, the figure 11 shows some beams thus made from such prefabricated elements:
  • The P1 models, 850 mm high and P2, 1950 mm high, respectively constitute the side beams and the central beam of a double-track span with a span of 22.80 m.
  • The P3 model, comprising a central module A2 of 11.40 m and two edge modules B2 and B3, 1350 mm high, can constitute the side beams of a span with a span of 31.35 m.
  • The P4 model, comprising two modules of type A2 and two modules of type B1 and B3, respectively 5.70 m and 8.55 m, having a height of 1950 mm, can constitute the side beams of a span 37 , 05 m.

L'invention permet donc, à partir de seulement trois types d'éléments préfabriqués, respectivement des éléments de poutre, des entretoises et des panneaux de platelage, de construire rapidement et économiquement des ponts de portée faible ou moyenne, pouvant aller d'une dizaine à une cinquantaine de mètres et dont la largeur peut varier.The invention therefore makes it possible, from only three types of prefabricated elements, respectively beam elements, spacers and decking panels, to build quickly and economically low or medium span bridges, which can range from ten about fifty meters and whose width may vary.

Il est possible, en effet, connaissant la portée à réaliser et les charges à supporter, de choisir dans le stock existant ou de fabriquer immédiatement en usine tous les éléments nécessaires à la construction et de les transporter en conteneurs, par voie maritime ou terrestre, jusqu'au site de construction.In fact, knowing the scope to be achieved and the loads to be supported, it is possible to choose from the existing stock or immediately manufacture in the factory all the elements necessary for construction and transport them in containers, by sea or land, to the construction site.

Après avoir réalisé sur la berge, par assemblage des éléments, deux poutres de support ayant la portée souhaitée, on met en place les entretoises de liaison et l'on soulève l'ensemble pour le poser sur les appuis. On peut alors poser les éléments de platelage qui sont fixés par des boulons ou rivets, de la façon indiquée plus haut.After having produced on the bank, by assembling the elements, two support beams having the desired range, the connecting struts are put in place and the assembly is lifted to place it on the supports. We can then install the decking elements which are fixed by bolts or rivets, as indicated above.

Si l'on ne dispose pas des moyens de levage nécessaires, la travée réalisée peut être lancée par poussage à partir de la berge.If the necessary lifting means are not available, the span produced can be launched by pushing from the bank.

A cet effet, comme le montrent les figures 1 et 2, les modules 3 peuvent être munis, à au moins une extrémité, d'une paire de cornières ou plats verticaux 18 s'étendant de part et d'autre d'une bande de néoprène et munis d'orifices écartés permettant de fixer de façon amovible un moyen de poussage progressif de l'ensemble de la travée.For this purpose, as shown by figures 1 and 2 , the modules 3 can be provided, at at least one end, with a pair of angles or vertical plates 18 extending on either side of a neoprene strip and provided with spaced openings making it possible to fix so removable means of progressive pushing of the entire span.

Cependant, l'invention ne se limite évidemment pas aux détails des modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits à titre de simple exemple et couvre, au contraire, toutes les variantes utilisant des moyens équivalents et restant dans le même cadre de protection.However, the invention is obviously not limited to the details of the embodiments which have just been described by way of simple example and, on the contrary, covers all the variants using equivalent means and remaining within the same protection framework.

Par exemple, les panneaux de platelage disposés entre les éléments de deux poutres voisines pourraient servir de coffrage perdu pour la coulée, en une ou plusieurs parties, d'une dalle en béton constituant la plateforme du pont.For example, the decking panels arranged between the elements of two neighboring beams could serve as permanent formwork for the casting, in one or more parts, of a concrete slab constituting the platform of the bridge.

D'autre part, il serait possible d'associer autrement les modules de différentes longueurs, afin de modifier les longueurs globales des poutres de support ainsi réalisées. De plus, les dimensions des modules préfabriqués indiquées plus haut sont adaptées aux dimensions normalisées des conteneurs mais d'autres dimensions pourraient être choisies afin de modifier la gamme de portées réalisables.On the other hand, it would be possible to associate the modules of different lengths in another way, in order to modify the overall lengths of the support beams thus produced. In addition, the dimensions of the prefabricated modules indicated above are adapted to the standard dimensions of the containers but other dimensions could be chosen in order to modify the range of achievable spans.

De même, il est particulièrement avantageux de réaliser une liaison articulée entre deux éléments de poutre par emboîtement d'un tenon dans une chape mais d'autres moyens d'assemblage amovible pourraient être utilisés.Likewise, it is particularly advantageous to produce an articulated connection between two beam elements by fitting a tenon into a yoke but other removable assembly means could be used.

Par ailleurs, comme on l'a indiqué, en réalisant à l'avance deux séries d'entretoises et deux séries d'éléments de panneau de platelage ayant des dimensions différentes, il sera possible de construire, à la demande, des ponts à simple ou double voie. Les dimensions indiquées plus haut correspondent à une longueur de 11,40 m des éléments de poutre, adaptée à un transport par conteneur mais d'autres dimensions seraient possibles.Moreover, as indicated, by making in advance two series of spacers and two series of decking panel elements having different dimensions, it will be possible to build, on demand, single bridges. or double track. The dimensions indicated above correspond to a length of 11.40 m of the beam elements, suitable for transport by container but other dimensions would be possible.

En outre, on a décrit la réalisation de ponts à simple ou double voie reposant sur deux ou trois poutres longitudinales mais il serait évidemment possible d'augmenter la largeur du tablier en utilisant un plus grand nombre de poutres.In addition, the production of single or double track bridges resting on two or three longitudinal beams has been described, but it would obviously be possible to increase the width of the deck by using a larger number of beams.

Claims (15)

  1. Metal bridge span (E) comprising two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), the metal bridge span (E) resting on two spaced-apart supports and being constituted by the assembly of three types of element produced in advance, namely:
    - elongate modules (3, 31, 32) having at least one same length and each equipped, at at least one end, with means (12, 16) for removable assembly with a corresponding end of an adjacent elongate module (3, 31, 32) to form the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), such that the two longitudinal support girders have a respective length corresponding to the distance between supports,
    - transverse spacer beams (2) each having two ends having means for removable fixing to conjugate means formed on the opposing lateral walls of the elongate modules (3, 31, 32) of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), and
    - flat deck elements (4) extending between said adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) and bearing on said girders,
    characterised in that:
    - each elongate module comprises two spaced-apart flat soles, namely a lower sole (7) and an upper sole (8) connected by a vertical core (9) constituted by a rectangular flat sheet, so as to configure a girder with an l-shaped cross-section,
    - said core (9) has two opposite lateral faces (90, 91) to which there are fixed a plurality of transverse flat elements (20) extending vertically over the entire height of the core (9), which flat elements are distributed over the entire length of the elongate module (1) and are spaced apart from one another by a constant pitch corresponding to a sub-multiple of that length, said flat elements (20) each forming a stiffening rib (20) having a vertical side welded to the core (9) and two spaced-apart horizontal sides welded to the opposing inside faces of the two soles (7, 8), said ribs (20) each being equipped, in their upper portion, with means for the removable fixing of a transverse spacer beam end, which means are positioned at the same level relative to the upper soles of the elongate modules (3, 31, 32) of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders,
    - at least one of the adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) is constituted by at least two adjoining elongate modules having the same length and the same height, and
    - the stiffening ribs formed on the opposing inside faces of said adjoining elongate modules are in pairs facing one another and are rigidly connected together in order to secure said adjoining elongate modules, which then behave like a single girder element.
  2. Metal bridge span according to claim 1, characterised in that said stiffening ribs (20) are each provided with a series of superposed orifices (23) positioned at the same level relative to the upper soles (8) of the opposing elongate modules of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders, so as to allow the support girders to be joined together by bolting or riveting of the ends of the transverse spacer beams (2) equipped with corresponding orifices, each on two stiffening ribs (20) formed on the opposing inside faces of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b).
  3. Bridge span according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that:
    - the flat deck elements are constituted by rigid panels (4) each comprising a rectangular plate (41) having a flat upper face and a lower face to which there are fixed a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing members (42) parallel to the long sides of the rectangular plate (41), and in that
    - each rigid panel (4) bears, directly or indirectly, on portions secured to the facing elongate modules of two adjacent parallel longitudinal girders, at a level determined such that the upper flat faces of the adjacent rigid panels (4) are aligned and form at least part of the deck of the bridge.
  4. Bridge span according to claim 3, characterised in that the flat deck elements (4) are each constituted by a rigid panel (4) comprising a rectangular plate (41) reinforced by a plurality of profiles (42) parallel to its long sides and are arranged longitudinally side by side between the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) so as to cover an overall width which is equal, to within the clearance, to the spacing between the upper soles (8a, 8b) of said adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders, each rigid panel (4) resting on the transverse joining spacer beams (2) by way of the reinforcing profiles (42), the height of which is determined such that the upper faces (41) of the panels (4) are aligned with the upper faces of the soles (8a, 8b) of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders and form therewith at least part of the deck of the bridge.
  5. Bridge span according to claim 4, characterised in that the rigid panels (4) have a length (11) corresponding to the spacing between the transverse spacer beams (2) joining the adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) and are each fixed by bolting or riveting of the ends of at least two reinforcing profiles (42) to the transverse spacer beams (2).
  6. Bridge span according to claim 3, characterised in that:
    - the flat deck elements (4) are constituted by rigid rectangular panels having a length (11) corresponding to the spacing between the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), and in that
    - after they have been laid on the supports (11) of the span (E) constituted by the two adjacent parallel longitudinal girders (10a, 10b) connected by the transverse spacer beams (2), said rigid rectangular panels (4) are arranged transversely side by side while resting, at their ends, on the upper soles (8a, 8b) of the elongate modules of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders, by way of support members (43) formed along their short sides, so as to produce at least part of the deck of the bridge.
  7. Bridge span according to claim 6, characterised in that the support members (43) formed at each end of the rigid panels (4) each comprise:
    - two spaced-apart vertical partitions (43) welded to the lower face of the plate (41) of the rigid rectangular panel (4), parallel to its short side, and
    - at least two horizontal assembly lugs (44) which are spaced apart from one another and fixed to the lower edges of the two partitions (43), perpendicularly thereto, said partitions (43) having a height determined such that the upper faces (41) of the rigid panels (4) are aligned.
  8. Bridge span according to either claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that each rigid panel (4) is equipped, at its two ends, with assembly lugs (44) which are parallel to its longitudinal sides and bear on the upper soles (8) of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) by way of flexible strips which are bonded to the soles in advance, said lugs being drilled with orifices which coincide with conjugate orifices formed on the soles (8) for the fixing thereof by bolting or riveting.
  9. Bridge span according to claim 8, characterised in that the upper sole (8) of each elongate module (3) is equipped with multiple pairs of fixing orifices positioned on either side of the vertical core (9), said pairs of orifices being distributed over the length of the elongate module at intervals corresponding to the spacings of the assembly lugs (44), taking account of the width of the deck panels (4), and in that each assembly lug (44) of a panel is equipped with at least two orifices which are spaced apart from one another so as to permit a variation of the centre distance between two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), one of the orifices of each assembly lug coinciding with an orifice of the sole (8) positioned on the same side of the core (9) for the passage of a bolt for assembly of the panel (4).
  10. Method for the modular construction of a metal bridge span according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein there are produced in advance at least three sets of prefabricated construction elements, namely:
    - a first set comprising elongate modules (3, 31, 32) having at least one same length and equipped, at at least one end, with means (12, 16) for removable assembly with the ends of adjacent elongate modules to form the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), such that the two longitudinal support girders have a length corresponding to the distance between supports,
    - a second set comprising transverse spacer beams (2) each having two ends having means for removable fixing to conjugate means carried by the lateral walls of each elongate module (3, 31, 32), and
    - a third set comprising flat deck elements (4) bearing on two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b),
    characterised in that:
    - after the required number of elements of the three sets have been brought to the construction site, the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), each constituted by at least two elongate modules (3, 31, 32) assembled end to end, are produced, at least one of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders being constituted by at least two adjoining elongate modules having the same length and the same height, the stiffening ribs formed on the opposing inside faces of said adjoining elongate modules being in pairs facing one another and being rigidly connected together in order to secure said adjoining elongate modules, which then behave like a single girder element,
    - the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) are connected by transverse spacer beams (2), the ends of which are bolted or riveted to the facing stiffening ribs (20) formed on the corresponding elongate modules of the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), and
    - the totality of the span (E) so constituted is laid on supports (11) constructed in advance, and then a series of flat deck elements constituted by rigid panels (4), extending between the two adjacent parallel longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b), are laid and fixed so as to constitute the deck of the bridge.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that at least two series of elongate modules (3) having at least two different lengths are produced in advance, and in that the number and the lengths of the assembled elongate modules are determined in order to produce a range of lengths of support girders (10) adapted to different distances between supports.
  12. Method according to either claim 10 or claim 11, characterised in that at least two series of elongate modules (3, 31, 32) having at least two different heights in order to vary their bending resistance are produced in advance, and in that each support girder (10a, 10b) is constituted starting from elongate modules (3, 31, 32) having a height and a bending resistance that are adapted to the distance between supports and to the position of the elongate module in the support girder (10).
  13. Method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that at least two types of elongate modules are produced in advance, namely:
    - central modules (31) equipped at each of their ends with means (5, 6) for assembly with an adjacent module, and
    - side modules (32) equipped at only one end with means for assembly with an adjacent module and at their other end with means for supporting the girder.
  14. Method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that:
    - for each of at least two lengths of elongate modules, two series of standard modules are produced in advance, namely:
    ∘ modules (32) equipped with assembly means at only one end for constituting side modules, and
    ∘ modules (31) equipped with assembly means at both their ends for constituting central modules, and in that
    - for the construction at a specific site of a span having a specific distance between supports, the number and the lengths of the elongate modules to be assembled end to end are chosen as a function of that distance, in order to produce each of the longitudinal support girders (10), namely:
    ∘ two modules (32) with a single assembly means constituting side modules and,
    ∘ a specific number of modules (31), optionally zero modules, having two assembly means constituting central modules, so that the totality of the assembled elongate modules forms a longitudinal girder (10) having a total length corresponding to the distance to be produced.
  15. Method according to claim 14, characterised in that there is further produced at least one series of elongate modules without assembly means at their ends, in order to cover at least a small distance by simply laying two spaced-apart elongate modules having a length at least equal to the distance between supports in order to constitute two longitudinal support girders (10a, 10b) of the span.
EP12762655.4A 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 Metal bridge span and method for the modular construction of such a span Active EP2761090B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1158677A FR2980492B1 (en) 2011-09-28 2011-09-28 METAL BEAM ADAPTED TO FORM A COMPONENT ELEMENT OF A BRIDGE OF A BRIDGE
PCT/EP2012/069262 WO2013045660A1 (en) 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 Prefabricated girder element designed to form an element that forms part of a metal bridge span and method for the modular construction of such a span

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2761090A1 EP2761090A1 (en) 2014-08-06
EP2761090B1 true EP2761090B1 (en) 2020-12-16

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EP12762655.4A Active EP2761090B1 (en) 2011-09-28 2012-09-28 Metal bridge span and method for the modular construction of such a span

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EP (1) EP2761090B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2855126T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2980492B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2013045660A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2104022A (en) * 1933-12-14 1938-01-04 Chapman Everett Bridge construction
FR1103409A (en) * 1948-10-01 1955-11-03 Fried Krupp Stahlbau Sheet metal beam
DE2059953A1 (en) * 1970-12-05 1972-06-15 Krupp Gmbh Dismountable bridge
FR2858338B1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2015-03-13 Soc Civ D Brevets Matiere PROCESS FOR MAKING A METAL BRIDGE BEAM AND BEAM OR WORK SO REALIZED

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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FR2980492A1 (en) 2013-03-29
FR2980492B1 (en) 2014-06-13
ES2855126T3 (en) 2021-09-23
WO2013045660A1 (en) 2013-04-04
EP2761090A1 (en) 2014-08-06

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