EP2685158A2 - Granulat- oder Pelletheizkessel mit zyklonischer Verbrennung - Google Patents

Granulat- oder Pelletheizkessel mit zyklonischer Verbrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2685158A2
EP2685158A2 EP13175694.2A EP13175694A EP2685158A2 EP 2685158 A2 EP2685158 A2 EP 2685158A2 EP 13175694 A EP13175694 A EP 13175694A EP 2685158 A2 EP2685158 A2 EP 2685158A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
combustion
pellets
crucible
granules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13175694.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2685158A3 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Richard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ardante
Original Assignee
Ardante
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ardante filed Critical Ardante
Publication of EP2685158A2 publication Critical patent/EP2685158A2/de
Publication of EP2685158A3 publication Critical patent/EP2685158A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pellet or wood pellet boilers.
  • the present invention will find its application mainly in the field of pellet or pellet boilers whose feed is from above and automatically.
  • this type of boiler comprises a worm, having a horizontal orientation or inclined in an upward direction.
  • a screw allows the transport of pellets or pellets from a tank in which they are stored to a crucible, or a grid.
  • the combustion takes place at the level of said crucible, located on the front of the boiler. This is fed by a primary air coming from under the crucible.
  • a boiler fed with gravity pellets which boiler comprises in particular a vertical hopper having inclined faces so as to store the pellets.
  • the hopper also has, at its base, a narrowed discharge opening relative to the feed opening, so as to allow a limitation of the pellet outlet flow rate.
  • the latter then fall on a sloping panel, removably mounted, the upper part of which laterally adjoins the discharge opening of the hopper.
  • the lower part consists of a horizontal plate, which is located near the burner where the pellets are burned.
  • the lower half of the inclined plane is pierced with orifices, so as to constitute a primary air inlet from below, via a hatch located on the front of the boiler.
  • the main disadvantage of this set lies in the fact that it is not particularly compact, on the one hand because of the deportation of the hopper with respect to the combustion grate and on the other hand the presence inclined pipe.
  • the invention offers the possibility of overcoming the various drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing a boiler having a gravity operation offering an optimum heating solution for wood pellets or pellets type fuels.
  • the present invention relates to a boiler with wood pellets or pellets having, in the upper part, a tank under which is disposed a combustion chamber, said tank being in particular hopper type, wherein said granules are arranged, said tank being connected, at its base, to a vertical supply duct in which the granules pour into the combustion chamber, in the upper part of a combustion crucible, said granules obstructing said supply duct so as to regulate the quantity of granules which flows at the crucible, the latter comprising a height-adjustable cup, said combustion crucible being fed with oxidant, in particular with air, via a supply tube and / or a cooling tube.
  • said feed duct is inserted into a cooling tube in which secondary air is diffused. More preferably, said supply duct and said cooling tube are surrounded by a thermal protection refractory.
  • the tank is separated from the combustion chamber by a circular air inlet chamber.
  • an air intake duct is connected to the air intake chamber.
  • a flue gas exhaust duct is connected to the combustion chamber.
  • combustion crucible may have a conical shape with a double envelope.
  • the boiler further comprises, under the combustion crucible, means for evacuation of the ash from the combustion of the granules to an ash pan located in the lower part of said boiler.
  • the boiler according to the invention may also include means for closing the supply duct so as to separate the pellet tank and the combustion crucible.
  • said means for closing the supply duct consists of a guillotine.
  • the boiler comprises, at the periphery, at least one thermal diffusion fin.
  • the present invention has many advantages.
  • the boiler according to the invention is particularly compact, which reduces the useful space required for storage.
  • the boiler according to the invention is therefore less bulky and easier to install.
  • Said boiler has no electrical connections, and allows a very long autonomy compared to a stove or a traditional log boiler.
  • the system according to the invention allows an interesting autonomy concerning firstly the fuel reserve, pellets or pellets, and secondly the reserve of ash, compared to a device having a similar size and proposed currently on the market.
  • system according to the invention is capable of being fully automated and, in this case, it allows a limitation of the number of engines. This leads to a reduction in costs.
  • Another advantage of the boiler according to the invention lies in the fact that the supply of the combustion chamber is completely silent.
  • the present invention relates to a boiler 1 fed by wood pellets or by pellets.
  • the present boiler 1 comprises on the one hand a tank 2 at its upper part, in which it is possible to load including wood pellets or pellets for supplying a combustion chamber 3 located under said tank 2.
  • the reservoir 2 containing the granules is separated from the combustion chamber 3 by an air inlet chamber 11, preferably having a circular shape, and through which will enter the air from the outside of the boiler 1.
  • Such a separation, between the tank 2 and the combustion chamber 3 by the air intake chamber 11, is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to maintain a thermal separation between said tank 2 and said combustion chamber 3, thus conferring a optimum safety to the boiler 1 according to the invention.
  • this combustion chamber 3 is fed with wood pellets by gravity, said granules being driven from the tank 2 to said combustion chamber 3.
  • the wood pellet tank 2 is of hopper type, that is to say that the bottom of said tank 2 has a substantially conical shape ensuring optimum sliding of the wood pellets towards the lower part of said boiler 1.
  • the base 4 of the tank 2 is advantageously connected to a vertical duct 5 allowing the supply of granules of the combustion chamber 3 which is under said tank 2.
  • the vertical duct will be designated in the following description by "conduit d ' power supply 5 ".
  • said supply duct 5 leads to the combustion chamber 3, and more particularly to the upper part of a combustion crucible 6 at which the granules are burned.
  • the combustion chamber 3 also preferably has, at its lower part, a conical hopper-type shape which will make it possible to create cyclonic conditions during combustion.
  • said cup 7 can be adjustable in height.
  • the adjustable cup 7 makes it possible to vary the height of the fuel cell, in this case the granules or the pellets.
  • the user it is possible for the user to adjust the contact surface between said granules and the air and, consequently, to adjust the power level of the boiler 1 according to the invention.
  • the granules are poured from the tank 2 to the crucible 6 of the combustion chamber 3 through the feed pipe 5.
  • Said crucible 6 preferably has a conical shape having a needle directed towards the feed duct 5.
  • the pellets will form a conical stack obstructing the supply conduit as long as they have not been burned. Once the pellets have been consumed, other granules will be able to pour at the crucible 6.
  • the combustion crucible 6 of the boiler 1 according to the invention can be moved away from and closer to the supply duct 5 via the adjustable cup 7 by any means known to those skilled in the art and suitable for this purpose.
  • it is a system 15 and 20 of screw nut type allowing transform a rotation movement into a vertical translation movement.
  • said combustion crucible 6 is supplied with oxidant, for example air.
  • oxidant for example air
  • the air supply of said crucible 6 can be carried out preferentially via one or more supply tubes 8.
  • Such a tube 8 passes preferentially through the duct. feeding 5, as shown on the figure 1 .
  • the combustion air, conveyed by said feed tube 8, will be designated in the following description by "primary air” or "primary combustion air”.
  • This primary air comes from the outside of the boiler 1. It is brought to the level of the crucible 6 where it allows the combustion of the granules which pour through the supply conduit 5 on said crucible 6.
  • the combustion crucible 6 has a conical shape with a double envelope.
  • Such a characteristic makes it possible to ensure cyclonic combustion in the combustion chamber 3, while at the same time making it possible, on the one hand, to diffuse the primary combustion air and, on the other hand, to cool the walls of said combustion crucible 6.
  • Such cyclonic combustion presumes strong combustion turbulence, made possible by an excellent mixture of oxidizing and fuel gases, while limiting the emissions of particles that will remain in contact with the wall of the combustion chamber 3, under the effect of the centrifugal force.
  • the shape of said combustion chamber 3, having a conical bottom of hopper type, also plays an important role in setting up optimal conditions to facilitate cyclonic combustion and deposition of particles at the walls of said chamber 3.
  • the boiler 1 according to the present invention allows a substantial decrease in particulate emissions to the outside, allowing retention of these particles on the walls of the combustion chamber 3. Said boiler 1 is, therefore, very low pollution, which represents an undeniable ecological advantage.
  • cooling tube 9 in which air also circulates. More particularly, inside said cooling tube 9 can circulate primary combustion air or secondary air, also referred to as "secondary air cooling".
  • said cooling tube 9 is further surrounded by a thermal protection refractory 10 which can allow the diffusion of secondary cooling air into said cooling tube 9 and into the combustion chamber 3 to ensure secondary combustion of the gas.
  • air inlet 12 which opens into the air intake chamber 11.
  • Said duct 12 is advantageously tangential with respect to the peripheral wall of the air intake chamber 11.
  • Such an embodiment is in particular visible on the figure 1 annexed, the air inlet at said chamber 11 is symbolized by an arrow.
  • At least a portion of the air arriving via the conduit 12 will be routed to the crucible 6 of the combustion chamber 3 through the feed tube 8 to allow the combustion of wood pellets.
  • This is the primary combustion air.
  • the primary combustion air feeds the crucible 6 from below. It is possible to adjust the primary combustion air inlet at the combustion crucible 6 via a valve 13 of setting of the primary air, said valve 13 being visible on the figure 2 .
  • the primary combustion air in which the primary combustion air is conveyed through the feed tube 8 should not be considered as being limiting of the invention; indeed, the primary combustion air can also circulate via the cooling tube 9. As shown in FIG. figure 1 attached, said tube 9 preferably opens vertically downwards, towards the combustion crucible 6, thus propelling the primary combustion air on the wood pellets present at said crucible 6. Thus, in this specific case, the primary combustion air feeds the combustion crucible 6 from above the latter.
  • thermal protection refractory 10 Another part of the air that arrives in the boiler 1 by the air intake chamber 11 will pass into a thermal protection refractory 10. This is the secondary air cooling.
  • the thermal protection refractory 10 allows a diffusion of the secondary air notably in the cooling tube 9.
  • Said refractory 10 preferably comprises a plurality of orifices, facilitating on the one hand the diffusion of the secondary air towards the cooling tube and on the other hand a secondary combustion of the gases.
  • the secondary cooling air may also arrive via at least one flat ramp disposed at the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 3, said flat ramps connecting the air intake chamber 11 to said chamber of combustion 3.
  • a circulation of secondary cooling air, especially at the level of the cooling tube 9 and the refractory thermal protection 10 allows in particular to isolate the supply duct 5 of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the walls of the thermal protection refractory 10 are in contact with the combustion gases released at the moment when the granules are burned in the combustion crucible 6. It is therefore preferable to isolate these walls by a flow of air so as not to damage the lower part of the cooling tube 9 and secondly to avoid combustion of the granules in the tank 2 and in the feed pipe 5.
  • the gases resulting from the combustion of wood pellets or pellets are preferably discharged via an evacuation duct 16. This is advantageously tangential to the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 3.
  • the heat protection refractory 10 may also be replaced by a storage or heat transfer fluid, particularly in the case of a boiler having a hydraulic system.
  • the storage fluid or heat transfer fluid can be located at a distance very close to the flame for combustion.
  • the fluid can vaporize quickly, which allows to produce, in combination, heat and electricity.
  • the boiler 1 according to the present invention may also include other additional features that may prove particularly interesting.
  • the boiler 1 according to the invention may comprise a means capable of causing the closing of the supply duct 5 so as to allow complete separation between the pellet tank 2 and the combustion crucible 6 and, therefore, to stop the discharge of pellets at the combustion chamber 3.
  • a means capable of causing the closing of the supply duct 5 so as to allow complete separation between the pellet tank 2 and the combustion crucible 6 and, therefore, to stop the discharge of pellets at the combustion chamber 3.
  • Such a means can in particular consist of a guillotine 17 visible on the figure 2 attached.
  • the boiler 1 according to the present invention may also comprise, under the combustion crucible 6, means for discharging from the combustion chamber 3 ashes resulting from the combustion of granules or pellets.
  • a means may notably consist of orifices provided under said combustion crucible 6.
  • Said ash pan is preferably circular and more preferably presents a conical shape, so as to contribute to maintaining the functions of the thermal vortex formed by the cyclonic combustion chamber 3.
  • the boiler 1 may preferably comprise, at its outer peripheral wall, at least one thermal diffusion fin 19, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , or a hydraulic exchanger. Such a characteristic allows evacuation or storage of calories.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP20130175694 2012-07-10 2013-07-09 Granulat- oder Pelletheizkessel mit zyklonischer Verbrennung Withdrawn EP2685158A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1256634A FR2993346A1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2012-07-10 Chaudiere a granule ou a pellet a combustion cyclonique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2685158A2 true EP2685158A2 (de) 2014-01-15
EP2685158A3 EP2685158A3 (de) 2015-04-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20130175694 Withdrawn EP2685158A3 (de) 2012-07-10 2013-07-09 Granulat- oder Pelletheizkessel mit zyklonischer Verbrennung

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EP (1) EP2685158A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2993346A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2569752A1 (es) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Biocond 2014, S.L. Un calentador de fluido, tal como agua, mediante la combustión de un material combustible sólido

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4989521A (en) 1990-04-06 1991-02-05 Traeger Joseph P Gravity fed pellet burner
WO1998033015A1 (en) 1997-01-27 1998-07-30 Pelletsbrännaren Junsele Ab Combustion apparatus
WO2002084174A1 (en) 2001-04-11 2002-10-24 Danergi A/S A method for burning solid fuels in a burner and an apparatus for carrying out the method

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR829471A (fr) * 1937-01-13 1938-06-28 Grille de foyer à décrassage automatique pour combustibles solides
DE102006019057A1 (de) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Johann Rainer Ofen mit Primärzuluft und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Ofens

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4989521A (en) 1990-04-06 1991-02-05 Traeger Joseph P Gravity fed pellet burner
WO1998033015A1 (en) 1997-01-27 1998-07-30 Pelletsbrännaren Junsele Ab Combustion apparatus
WO2002084174A1 (en) 2001-04-11 2002-10-24 Danergi A/S A method for burning solid fuels in a burner and an apparatus for carrying out the method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2569752A1 (es) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Biocond 2014, S.L. Un calentador de fluido, tal como agua, mediante la combustión de un material combustible sólido

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2685158A3 (de) 2015-04-22
FR2993346A1 (fr) 2014-01-17

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