EP2674673A2 - Dispositif fonctionnant en fonction de la charge pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes solides et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Dispositif fonctionnant en fonction de la charge pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes solides et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2674673A2
EP2674673A2 EP13171352.1A EP13171352A EP2674673A2 EP 2674673 A2 EP2674673 A2 EP 2674673A2 EP 13171352 A EP13171352 A EP 13171352A EP 2674673 A2 EP2674673 A2 EP 2674673A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
combustion
stage
firing
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13171352.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2674673B1 (fr
EP2674673A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Knapp
Tobias Seufert
Hans-Joachim Dr.-Ing. Gehrmann
Andreas Gerig
Andreas Prof. Wagner
Helmut Prof. Dr. Seifert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Publication of EP2674673A2 publication Critical patent/EP2674673A2/fr
Publication of EP2674673A3 publication Critical patent/EP2674673A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2674673B1 publication Critical patent/EP2674673B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/02—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/04—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and gaseous fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F23C2201/301—Staged fuel supply with different fuels in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for burning solid, biogenic fuels in a first firing stage with a first feeder of the fuel in a Brenngutbett, a Primär Kunststoffzuschreib Road, an igniter for igniting the fuel in the Brenngutbett, provided above the Brenngutbett combustion chamber and a in a Heat flow of the burnt combustible heat exchanger arranged with at least one downstream heat storage.
  • Generic devices are known for example as a combustion boiler for burning wood pellets, wood chips and the like.
  • Such combustion boilers are operated by metering the broken fuel onto a fuel bed and ignited and burned there.
  • a arranged in the adjoining combustion chamber above, for example, filled with water heat exchanger is heated and delivers the heated water to one or more heat storage from which, for example, a heater or a service water is optionally fed via other heat exchanger.
  • the feeding of the fuel is carried out by means of feeder after the Querschub, underfeed or discharge method on a Brenngutbett, such as a grate, a shell or a tunnel.
  • a Brenngutbett such as a grate, a shell or a tunnel.
  • a charging device for a furnace in which firewood is fed to a crusher via a chute before it is fed into the kiln. The feeding takes place by means of a single feed device.
  • a device for burning wood pellets is known, which are ground before being fed by means of a feeder into a combustion chamber by means of a mill and added to the combustion air.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device which produces less pollutants and is adaptable in an improved manner to a temporally varying heat demand.
  • a Primär Kunststoffzubow In a respective apparatus for burning solid, biogenic fuels in a first firing stage with a first feeder of the fuel in a Brenngutbett, a Primär Kunststoffzubow adopted, an igniter for igniting the fuel in the Brenngutbett, provided above the Brenngutbett combustion chamber and one in a heat flow of the combusted combustible arranged heat exchanger with at least one downstream heat storage for this purpose, the first combustion stage designed as a heat load compensating combustion stage and a second heat demand peaks covering the combustion stage with a second, in the combustion chambersentzürtzen fuel-introducing feed device provided.
  • the device is provided as a fuel boiler for the combustion of broken wood pieces, wood chips, bark parts and the like, in particular wood pellets.
  • a combustion boiler is preferably designed for small buildings such as single or multi-family homes, small commercial and office buildings and the like.
  • the first feeder of the first combustion stage can be provided here as underfeed, shear feed or discharge device.
  • the transport of the fuel from a reservoir to the boiler can be done for example by means of a screw conveyor.
  • the operation of the device such as combustion boiler is load-controlled divided into two parts. In this case, a basic heat load is covered by firing the combustion boiler by means of metered from the first feeder according to the basic heat load supplied lumpy fuel such as wood pellets.
  • the ignition of the fuel fed into the fuel bed takes place by means of an ignition device, for example an electric glow spiral, a fire conveyor such as a lighter or the like. It has proven to be advantageous to heat the primary air supply so that such an ignition process is facilitated or initiated without further aids by the flame temperature of the fuel is exceeded.
  • the primary air can be heated, for example, by an electric heating coil. This is because of their sheltered housing less susceptible to interference than placed in Brenngutbett Glühspirale.
  • a basic heat load is to be understood as a heat requirement, for example in the form of a buffer store and / or heat circuit held at a predetermined or predeterminable temperature, which accumulates essentially permanently, for example in a heating period in the form of a heating cycle. If this basic heat load is requested, the firing process can usually be maintained for a longer time after firing, so that firing phases with comparatively higher pollutant load can be minimized. Furthermore, cyclical startup and shutdown with associated long heating and warming times are avoided, on the one hand lead to long and uncomfortable reaction times of the boiler with difficult to controllable control curve with Regelschwingungsneist and on the other hand to uneconomical use of the fuel.
  • the coverage of heat demand peaks, as they arise, for example, when preparing domestic hot water and the like, takes place by activation of the second combustion stage.
  • the fuel that has been finely distributed by the second supply device is introduced into the combustion chamber above the combustion bed and preferably ignites instantaneously as a result of the prevailing environment in this combustion chamber.
  • an additional ignition device for the fuel of the second combustion stage can be provided.
  • the conditions of the fuel input are chosen so that contact with walls of the combustion chamber is preferably avoided and a uniform distribution over the combustion chamber is achieved. Due to the high surface area of the fuel, the fuel provides its energy content quickly and with great dynamics, so that fast heating rates of the heat exchanger can be achieved. With appropriate design of the combustion geometry in the combustion chamber with a corresponding arrangement of the heat exchanger in the combustion field of the second combustion stage heating properties in the sense of a water heater can be achieved.
  • the fuel of the second combustion stage may be a liquid or gaseous fossil fuel, for example natural gas or fuel oil, which are metered into the combustion chamber via corresponding metering valves and nozzles and distributed in the same.
  • the fuel of the second combustion stage is comminuted solid biogenic fuel.
  • the same fuel of the first firing stage is provided after appropriate comminution and brought from the reservoir together or separately to the device.
  • the comminution takes place by means of a comminution device, which is integrated into the device outside the combustion chamber and can be, for example, a grinder.
  • the metering of the ground fuel into the combustion chamber takes place, for example, by means of a rapidly rotating screw which is driven, for example, by an electric motor which is speed-controlled as a function of the heat requirement peak.
  • the combustion chamber is followed by a secondary air supply device with a primary air supply device, for example via the grate of the fuel bed or the like, with a secondary air supply device.
  • a secondary air supply device By the air supply of secondary air in the secondary combustion chamber, the pollutant content, such as carbon monoxide and post-combustible organic compounds is lowered.
  • the secondary air supply is preferably regulated independently of the primary air supply and depending on the pollutant load. It has proved to be advantageous if the secondary air is introduced perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow through the afterburner in this.
  • combustion of the fuel metered onto the combustion bed in the first combustion stage is dependent on at least one variable reproducing the basic heat load and the metering of the fuel metered in the second combustion stage via the second supply device depending on at least one heat load tip Size.
  • the second firing stage can be operated during a firing of the fuel of the first feed device.
  • the second combustion stage can be switched on with additional heat requirement.
  • the first firing stage is stopped, for example in a summer operation of the apparatus
  • the second firing stage may be operated as an exclusive firing stage of the apparatus optionally with further energy sources, for example a solar thermal system for the preparation of hot process water.
  • preheated water of the at least one heat accumulator can be introduced into the heat exchanger during operation of the second supply device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematically illustrated device 1, for example in the form of a wood pellet boiler with two firing stages 2, 3.
  • the firing stage 2 is a conventional for covering a base load of a heat demand continuously operated burner for non-shredded wood pellets. These are by means of the first feeder 4 from the reservoir 5 as shown by means of a Aufschvons on the Brenngutbett 7 with the grate 6, which may be pivotally mounted to dispose of the ash metered.
  • the combustion stage 2 is permanently operated during a heat demand with predetermined power, for example, in a detached house with 8 kW.
  • the regulation of the firing stage 2 for setting this power can be done on the basis of detectable performance parameters, such as a kiln scale in Brenngutbett 7 or, for example, a measurement of the mass flow in the feeder 4, the primary air supply 8, for example, the blower 9.
  • the power will be done by means of recordable performance data, such as the average heat consumption, the outside temperature of a heating system and the like.
  • the firing stage 2 is put into operation by means of an ignition of the combustion material located on the Brenngutbett 7 by 17 heated air is supplied, for example by the heater.
  • the firing stage 3 metered the fuel by means of the feeder 10 directly into the combustion chamber 11.
  • the feeder 10 is preceded by a crushing device 12, which finely grinds wood pellets from the reservoir 5.
  • a fast-rotating, driven by an electric motor and controllable with respect to their speed screw of the pulverized fuel is finely dispersed and without being knocked down on the walls of the combustion chamber 11 into the combustion chamber 11.
  • the finely divided fuel mixture ignites instantaneously on the flames of the fuel of the first combustion stage 2 or as a result of the temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber 11 and burns with evolution of heat.
  • the control of the supply of fuel of the second combustion stage 3 is dependent on heat demand peaks, which goes beyond the heat provided by the first combustion stage 2 amount of heat.
  • the firing stage 3 is switched on in the firing phase of the firing stage 2, in order to gain a required amount of heat, for example, by a factor of three faster than in a recoverable only with the firing stage 2 heating time. Furthermore, the combustion stage 3 at heat demand peaks, which are determined for example on the basis of a consumption behavior such as a temperature and its temporal evolution, flow rates of a buffer storage, the heat exchanger and the like, controlled. To provide a sufficient and sufficiently rapid amount of heat, the firing level 3 for a detached house can be designed for a power of about 20 kW.
  • the exhaust gas heats a directly arranged in the combustion chamber 11 or - as shown here - a reference to the train of the exhaust gas subsequently provided heat exchanger 13, for example a steam boiler 14, which feeds one or more buffer tanks, not shown. Due to the fast-reacting combustion stage 3, the capacity of a buffer memory can be reduced. For example, in the case of an intended switch-off of the firing stage 2, the switch-off can take place earlier and the slowly decreasing heat generation of the long-lasting burning process can be intercepted, if necessary, by the firing stage 3.
  • the afterburner chamber 15 is provided, which is connected downstream of the combustion chamber 11 and has the secondary air supply means 16.
  • the supply of the primary air and the secondary air can be done by means of the blower 9.
  • the proportion of secondary air is controlled by means of the supply air flap 18.
  • the filter unit 19 and the carbon adsorber 20 can be connected in the exhaust gas flow.
  • the device 1 may have corresponding measuring devices.
  • chemical sensors, temperature sensors, a lambda probe and the like for detecting combustion data of the first combustion stage 2 can be provided at the measuring point 21.
  • the relevant for the emission of pollutants into the ambient air exhaust air can be examined by means of appropriate sensors.
  • an overall control of the device 1 can be provided by controlling the volume flows of the primary and secondary air, the metering of fuel via the feed devices 4, 10 depending on the heat requirement.
  • the invention is not shown exhaustively by the geometric representation of the device 1. Depending on the requirements, the available space, a desired geometric design, the required performance and dynamics, other geometric interpretations of the combustion stages 2, 3, the combustion chamber 11, optionally the afterburning chamber 15, the heat exchanger 13 and more relevant to the invention Be provided components.
  • FIG. 3 shows the diagram 101 with a typical combustion sequence of the device 1 of FIG. 2 over the time t at the measuring point 21 over the firing phases P1, P2, P3, P4.
  • Curve 102 shows the oxygen concentration
  • curve 103 the combustion air ratio (air ratio ⁇ )
  • curve 104 the carbon monoxide concentration
  • curve 105 the carbon dioxide concentration
  • curve 106 the concentration of hydrocarbons
  • curve 107 the hydrogen concentration.
  • combustion phase P1 the ignition of the fuel of the firing stage 2 takes place.
  • fuel for example 1.8 kg / h of wood pellets and, for example, 10 Nm 3 / h of primary air are fed into firing stage 2.
  • the secondary air quantity is for example 25 Nm 3 / h.
  • combustion results in combustion gas evolution shown in curves 102 through 107.
  • firing stage 3 is operated with a supply of, for example, 4.5 kg / h of pulverized wood pellets.
  • the pollution increases disproportionately, but this is of little relevance to the final pollutant emissions due to the aftertreatment in the afterburning chamber.
  • combustion phase P4 the fuel charge of both combustion stages 2, 3 is switched off.
  • FIG. 4 shows the diagram 110 with a typical combustion profile of the device 1 of FIG. 2 over the time t at the measuring point 22 via the P1, P2, P3, P4.
  • the dosage of the fuels and the primary and secondary air corresponds to the conditions of the diagram 101 of FIG. 3 shown Brennlaufs.
  • the measuring point 22 is relevant for the emission of the pollutants emitted by the device 1.
  • the curve 112 shows the oxygen concentration, the curve 114, the carbon monoxide concentration, the curve 115, the carbon dioxide concentration and the curve 117, the water vapor concentration. Taking into account the changed scales, the carbon monoxide concentration is significantly reduced. However, it is noticeable that these are higher in the firing phase P2 with exclusive operation of the firing stage 2 compared to firing phase P3, in which both firing stages 2, 3 are operated.
  • the effect of afterburning in the afterburning chamber 15 is therefore less effective in the firing phase P2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP13171352.1A 2012-06-13 2013-06-11 Dispositif de combustion dont le fonctionnement dépend de la charge pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes solides et son procédé de fonctionnement Not-in-force EP2674673B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012105099.6A DE102012105099B4 (de) 2012-06-13 2012-06-13 Lastabhängig betriebene Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester biogener Brennstoffe und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2674673A2 true EP2674673A2 (fr) 2013-12-18
EP2674673A3 EP2674673A3 (fr) 2014-08-13
EP2674673B1 EP2674673B1 (fr) 2018-02-28

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EP13171352.1A Not-in-force EP2674673B1 (fr) 2012-06-13 2013-06-11 Dispositif de combustion dont le fonctionnement dépend de la charge pour la combustion de combustibles biogènes solides et son procédé de fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP2674673B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012105099B4 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109059017A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 江西大江农业科技发展有限公司 一种环保型生物质燃烧***

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE666007C (de) 1936-09-12 1938-10-10 Duerrwerke Akt Ges Rostfeuerung fuer vorgetrocknete Brennstoffe, deren feinkoernige Teile in der Schwebe verbrannt werden
DE3226877A1 (de) 1982-07-17 1984-01-19 Albert 6200 Wiesbaden Wagner Heizkessel
EP1162405A2 (fr) 2000-06-05 2001-12-12 Theodor Ernst Seebacher Dispositif de combustion pour combustibles renouvelables granulés, notamment boulettes de bois
DE102008056019A1 (de) 2007-11-07 2009-05-20 Manuel Hochgatterer Beschickungsvorrichtung für einen Ofen

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GB1023583A (en) * 1961-04-25 1966-03-23 Fuel Firing Ltd Improvements in or relating to solid fuel furnace and boiler plant
US3680500A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-08-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Two-stage smokeless incinerator
US4078541A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-03-14 Roycraft Engineering Company Wood and oil burning furnace
US4312278A (en) * 1980-07-22 1982-01-26 Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Maine Chip wood furnace and furnace retrofitting system
DE3106015C2 (de) * 1981-02-18 1985-08-01 "HDG" Entwicklungs- und Patentverwertungsgesellschaft mbH, Wald, Steiermark Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizkessel, der mit Festbrennstoff und mit Öl oder Gas beheizbar ist und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
FR2733303B1 (fr) * 1995-04-19 1997-05-30 Gaz De France Chaudiere-incinerateur de dechets et procede de fonctionnement d'une chaudiere-incinerateur de dechets
US20020083944A1 (en) * 2001-01-03 2002-07-04 Darbonne Johnny R. Pellet furnace heating apparatus
DE50112684D1 (de) * 2001-01-08 2007-08-16 Stoeger Jun Zapfgasverfahren zur Gewinnung von elektrischer und thermischer Energie aus Biomassekesseln
GB0703469D0 (en) * 2007-02-22 2007-04-04 Alley Enterprises Ltd A burner assembly
DE102007017102A1 (de) * 2007-04-10 2008-10-16 S+K Haustechnik Gmbh Betriebsverfahren für einen Feststoffbrenner
DE102009020344B3 (de) * 2009-05-07 2011-01-13 Wachtel GmbH & Co. Bäckereimaschinen-Backöfen Pelletbrenner, Dosiervorrichtung und Verfahren zu dessen Steuerung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE666007C (de) 1936-09-12 1938-10-10 Duerrwerke Akt Ges Rostfeuerung fuer vorgetrocknete Brennstoffe, deren feinkoernige Teile in der Schwebe verbrannt werden
DE3226877A1 (de) 1982-07-17 1984-01-19 Albert 6200 Wiesbaden Wagner Heizkessel
EP1162405A2 (fr) 2000-06-05 2001-12-12 Theodor Ernst Seebacher Dispositif de combustion pour combustibles renouvelables granulés, notamment boulettes de bois
DE102008056019A1 (de) 2007-11-07 2009-05-20 Manuel Hochgatterer Beschickungsvorrichtung für einen Ofen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109059017A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 江西大江农业科技发展有限公司 一种环保型生物质燃烧***

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012105099B4 (de) 2014-02-06
DE102012105099A1 (de) 2013-12-19
EP2674673B1 (fr) 2018-02-28
EP2674673A3 (fr) 2014-08-13

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