EP2647543B2 - System for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles - Google Patents

System for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2647543B2
EP2647543B2 EP13001672.8A EP13001672A EP2647543B2 EP 2647543 B2 EP2647543 B2 EP 2647543B2 EP 13001672 A EP13001672 A EP 13001672A EP 2647543 B2 EP2647543 B2 EP 2647543B2
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Prior art keywords
sensor
measuring unit
load
unit
rail
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EP13001672.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2647543A1 (en
EP2647543B1 (en
Inventor
Reiner Henn
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Voestalpine Signaling Siershahn GmbH
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Voestalpine Signaling Siershahn GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles on a railroad, with at least one measuring unit being provided for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of a passing rail vehicle.
  • the document DE 4 217 681 describes a wheel set diagnostic device for monitoring passing railway vehicles, in which deflection units and infrared receiving units are accommodated in a hollow sleeper. Accelerometers are provided on the rails running over the sleepers to detect the wheel position and to correct the infrared measured values, which determine the wheel pressure and / or acceleration values of a wheel driving over them.
  • the document also discloses DE 103 05 470 A1 a measuring section for recording different physical quantities of rail-bound vehicles.
  • the measuring section has force sensors, temperature sensors and magnetic field sensors which are arranged on rails or sleepers.
  • an evaluation device is provided with which the temperature sensors and the force sensors are connected.
  • the document DE 103 05 470 A1 also discloses that the evaluation device uses the signals from the temperature sensors to provide characteristic values for thermal loading of specified parts of vehicles passing over, rail parts and / or surrounding areas.
  • the document DE 10 2007 044 796 A1 discloses a measurement method for determining emissions, in which, in addition to measuring the position of the rail vehicle and the emissions, corresponding physical and / or chemical parameter values also meteorological measurement data such as e.g. B. Air temperature, humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed can be recorded.
  • An inductive wheel sensor is arranged on a rail.
  • a temperature sensor for measuring the rail temperature is attached to the opposite rail.
  • a horizontal accelerometer and a vertical accelerometer are arranged on the same rail.
  • a sleeper is provided with a vertical accelerometer.
  • the recorded physical parameters are the sound pressure level, the rail acceleration, the threshold acceleration, vibrations in the underground or load-related physical parameters.
  • the position of the rail vehicle on the track structure is determined by detecting the individual rail vehicle axles.
  • the document WO 00/73118 A1 discloses a railway wheel monitoring device having force sensors integrated into a rail shim. Downstream of the force sensors are preamplifiers, which in turn are connected to a signal analyzer.
  • the document DE 10 2009 024 506 A1 discloses a method for determining maintenance information relating to an object to be maintained.
  • a condition deterioration model of the object to be serviced is determined on the basis of at least one influencing variable characterizing the condition deterioration of the object and maintenance information is then determined as a function of this condition deterioration model.
  • Influencing variables that characterize or influence the deterioration in the condition of the object can be the load, the weather or, in the case of objects on the vehicle, such as a locomotive, the speed.
  • the condition deterioration model is determined that models the condition deterioration of the object as a function of the corresponding influencing variables.
  • the condition deterioration model must be validated with measurements taking place at certain intervals, so that it can be determined whether the model is associated with the actual wear or deviates from the actual wear.
  • condition deterioration model for an object is modeled on the basis of an influencing variable.
  • condition deterioration model must be checked for correctness with measurements of the actual wear. If the condition deterioration model does not match reality, the model must be revised or, in the worst case, a new model must be determined.
  • an IR receiving unit is provided in a lockable housing that is inserted into a recess of a measuring or hollow sleeper.
  • the housing is supported by attenuators on the top of the threshold.
  • an acceleration sensor is arranged on the housing and is connected to an evaluation unit. On the basis of the acceleration values of the housing with the IR receiving units detected by the acceleration sensor, conclusions are drawn about the state of the attenuators.
  • measuring units for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of passing rail vehicles are of the highest relevance for the safety of rail traffic, there is a need to be able to monitor the measuring units for temperature measurement holistically.
  • It is the object of the present invention to provide a system for recording properties of passing rail vehicles provide with which the state of the at least one measuring unit can be monitored holistically and load-dependent maintenance is made possible.
  • the system for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles has at least one load sensor for monitoring the at least one measuring unit, which detects the mechanical loads acting on the at least one measuring unit, and at least one further sensor, which provides at least one internal state value of the at least one measuring unit.
  • the at least one load sensor and the at least one further sensor are connected to an evaluation unit.
  • the evaluation unit is designed to determine at least one value representing the load condition of the at least one measuring unit.
  • the system according to the invention records on the one hand the mechanical load values exerted on the threshold provided with the at least one measuring unit by the passing rail vehicles or the rail vehicles passing over the system and on the other hand an internal state value of the measuring unit.
  • the evaluation unit determines a value that reflects the load condition of the at least one measuring unit.
  • the at least one measuring unit can be monitored holistically on the basis of the determined stress value.
  • the mechanical load values exerted on the threshold by the passing rail vehicles can be recorded, for example, as acceleration values, but also as pressure forces.
  • the system according to the invention does not model a condition deterioration model that has to be compared with the actual wear and tear via measurements taking place at certain intervals.
  • a value representing the load state of the at least one measuring unit is continuously determined by the evaluation unit from the values recorded by the at least one mechanical load sensor and the at least one further sensor, which value indicates which loads the at least one measuring unit was actually exposed to.
  • the evaluation unit which reflect the load condition of the at least one measuring unit, it can be determined whether the measuring unit requires maintenance or whether the entire measuring unit needs to be replaced. It is also possible, depending on the determined value for the load condition of the measuring unit, to preventively replace individual components during factory overhauls or repairs.
  • the state of the entire measuring unit can be monitored, ie the measuring unit itself is monitored and not just the damping elements assigned to it.
  • the inspection intervals for the measuring unit can be matched to the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the at least one measuring unit, because loaded freight wagons exert significantly higher mechanical loads on the rails, sleepers and thus on the measuring device than light passenger wagons. If the determined value for the load condition is relatively high, for example in the case of rail wagons with a relatively high volume of goods traffic, the inspection intervals of the at least one measuring unit can be shortened. On the other hand, in the case of railways with relatively little freight traffic and the associated lower loads, the inspection intervals can be extended on the basis of the value determined by the evaluation unit, without endangering the safety of the passing rail vehicles or rail traffic.
  • the system comprises at least one further sensor.
  • the system can therefore comprise at least one temperature sensor as a further sensor which detects the temperature of the at least one measuring unit.
  • the system can comprise at least one air humidity sensor as a further sensor, which detects the air humidity in the at least one measuring unit.
  • the system according to the invention can also include combinations of sensors which detect different internal state values of the at least one measuring unit.
  • the system can also have both the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.
  • the temperature of the measuring unit and also the air humidity in the measuring unit flow into the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the at least one measuring unit. Due to the presence of several sensors for detecting internal state values of the measuring unit, the value determined by the evaluation unit gains in significance about the overall load condition of the measuring unit.
  • the system can comprise a sensor for axle counting of the passing rail vehicles.
  • the mechanical load values detected by the at least one load sensor can be matched to the number of axles passing over the system Rail vehicles are compared.
  • the load on the system or the at least one measuring unit per wheel or per axle of the rail vehicle can be determined so that an accurate load profile can be generated for the measuring unit.
  • the values recorded with a system according to this embodiment thus also include measured values relevant to the operators of railway lines, such as e.g. B. on the axle load of the axles of the passing or driving over rail vehicles and on the condition of the wheels of the axles of the passing rail vehicles.
  • a detailed load profile of the at least one measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the wheel sets can be determined with the aid of the sensor described above for counting the axles of the rail vehicles, taking into account the axles passing over the system.
  • the at least one load sensor can be arranged on the threshold or on at least one rail according to a development of the invention.
  • the at least one load sensor can also be arranged in the threshold. This further simplifies the structure of the system.
  • the mechanical load values for all measuring units in the threshold can be determined with the at least one load sensor. Accordingly, only one load sensor is required for load measurement per threshold provided with a measuring unit.
  • the at least one load sensor can be used to detect an approaching train.
  • the load sensor detects the structure-borne noise signals transmitted by the at least one rail or threshold, which are triggered by the approaching rail vehicle.
  • the load values detected by the at least one load sensor which arise due to the structure-borne sound waves transmitted by the rail, an approaching rail vehicle can be determined and the measuring unit can be switched from an inactive state to an active state.
  • the at least one load sensor can be an acceleration sensor or a force sensor.
  • the at least one load sensor can be used as a piezoelectric sensor, magnetic-inductive sensor, micro-mechanical sensor, strain gauge, or as an optical fiber sensor, e.g. as an optical waveguide pressure plate or an optical waveguide bending beam.
  • the preferred placement position for the load sensor i.e. in the threshold, on the threshold or on the rail.
  • Piezoelectric sensors, magnetic-inductive sensors and micro-mechanical sensors are preferably arranged on or in the threshold.
  • the aforementioned sensor types can also be arranged on a ribbed plate, which is used to connect the sleeper to at least one rail.
  • Strain gauges are glued directly to the rail or to a claw located on the rail foot.
  • An optical fiber pressure plate is preferably placed between the rail and the rib plate.
  • an optical waveguide bending beam is preferably arranged on the rail and fastened to the foot of the rail in the sleeper compartment in front of or behind the sleeper with the at least one measuring unit via a clamp fastening.
  • a strain gauge, a fiber optic pressure plate or a fiber optic pressure plate or a fiber optic bending beam is selected as the acceleration sensor, only two load sensors are required to measure the load values of all measuring units at the threshold, with which the values relevant for the railroad operators are Axle load or the condition of the wheels of each individual axle.
  • the system can comprise a plurality of force sensors which are connected to the evaluation unit.
  • the majority of the force sensors can be designed and arranged in such a way that they serve both to detect the mechanical loads acting on the sleeper and to locate flat spots on the wheels of the passing rail vehicle, which further simplifies the system according to the invention. It is also possible for the majority of the force sensors to be used together with at least one load sensor that measures the mechanical loads on the threshold, the majority of the force sensors serving to locate flat spots on the wheels of the rail vehicles.
  • the plurality of force sensors can be arranged adjacent to the threshold provided with the at least one measuring device.
  • the same infrastructure can be used for the majority of the force sensors as for the measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the wheelsets, since the same evaluation unit with the interfaces for communication with the individual sensors and also the same power supply can be used .
  • a separate and additional system for locating flat spots can be dispensed with.
  • the at least one measuring device can be connected to a sleeper or rail via at least one rubber damper, via at least one spring or at least one hydraulic damper.
  • the at least one measuring device can comprise an infrared sensor.
  • the infrared sensor can have at least one closure cover.
  • the system according to this embodiment can comprise, as a further sensor, a sensor which detects the movement, in particular the movement times, of the at least one closure cover.
  • a closure cover is to be understood as a type of protective flap which can close or open a beam path for the infrared radiation from the infrared sensor. When the protective flap or cover is closed, no dirt or the like can get into the measuring unit or the infrared sensor. If the system detects that a rail vehicle is approaching, the cover is opened and the infrared sensor is set to an active state in order to be able to detect the temperature of the wheel sets of the rail vehicle.
  • the sensor which records the movement or the movement times of the closure cover
  • another internal status value of the measuring unit can be recorded, which provides information about how long the infrared sensor or the measuring unit was in the active state or in the inactive state.
  • the evaluation unit can comprise at least one non-volatile memory. With the at least one non-volatile memory and the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the measuring unit, a lifetime load of the measuring unit can be determined.
  • the measuring unit is equipped with a non-volatile memory, whereby the evaluation unit can write the value for the load condition and other data to the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit at cyclical intervals.
  • the values for the load condition or the lifetime load of the measuring unit are thus stored.
  • the load values from the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit can be called up at any time by an evaluation unit.
  • the measuring unit is removed from the railroad for maintenance or repair and is usually repaired by the manufacturer.
  • the individual measuring units may have been at different locations during their period of use, or have been assigned to different evaluation units, or they may also have been unused in a spare parts store.
  • the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit With the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit, the values for the load and also the lifetime load of the measuring unit can now be queried by the manufacturer for each repair, even if the at least one measuring unit was connected to different evaluation units at different locations. In addition to a corrective repair, preventive maintenance of contaminated individual parts of the measuring unit can also take place.
  • both the evaluation unit and the at least one measuring unit have a non-volatile memory, the memory contents can be exchanged cyclically between the evaluation unit and the measuring unit.
  • the evaluation unit and the at least one measuring unit can be connected to one another in such a way that the at least one measuring unit and the evaluation unit have mutual access to the memory contents in the non-volatile memories of the other unit.
  • the measuring unit can, for example, record in its non-volatile memory how long it was installed at a certain installation location and which values for the load condition determined by the evaluation unit it was exposed to.
  • the evaluation unit can also record which measuring unit was connected for how long in a certain position. In this case, the evaluation unit can also determine a cumulative load value for all measurement units connected to it and issue maintenance reports if predetermined limit values are exceeded.
  • the evaluation unit can also take into account data such as the place of use, time of use, load values and the cumulative load from the non-volatile memory of the at least one measuring unit in its evaluations, which were written to the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit at previous places of use of the measuring unit were.
  • the new evaluation unit can call up the various data from the non-volatile memory of the at least one measuring unit connected to it and update itself, so to speak.
  • the installation time in days, the number of axes over which the system travels, the average of the acceleration values, the average of the humidity, the average of the internal temperature of the measuring unit and the mechanical loads on the measuring unit over time can be stored in the memory.
  • the at least one evaluation unit can be designed in such a way that it determines the state of the value representing at least one measuring unit over a predetermined period of time by means of a predetermined evaluation algorithm.
  • the at least one measuring unit can be arranged on at least one threshold or on at least one rail.
  • the measuring unit can be at least partially received in a sleeper or connected to at least one rail via a holder.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of the system 10 for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 one can see the measuring unit 12 for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of passing rail vehicles (not shown), which is connected to the sleeper 18 via damping members 14, 16 and is partially received in the sleeper 18.
  • the measuring unit 12 there is an infrared sensor (not shown) which records the temperature of the wheel sets.
  • an infrared sensor (not shown) which records the temperature of the wheel sets.
  • two and eight measuring units 12 are provided on a sleeper 18 in order to be able to monitor all the wheel sets of the passing rail vehicles.
  • a rail track generally being formed from two rails and a plurality of sleepers 18.
  • the load sensor 22 On the rail 20 there is both a load sensor 22 for detecting the mechanical loads acting on the sleeper 18 and a sensor 24 for axle counting, which detects the number of axles of the rail vehicles passing or driving over the system 10.
  • the load sensor 22 is an acceleration sensor which detects the mechanical loads exerted on the sleeper 18 by the passing rail vehicles in the form of acceleration values.
  • a temperature sensor 26 and an air humidity sensor 28 for detecting the temperature and the air humidity as internal status values of the measuring unit 12 are provided in the measuring unit 12.
  • the acceleration sensor 22, the axle counting sensor 24, the temperature sensor 26 and the air humidity sensor 28 are connected to an evaluation unit 30.
  • the evaluation unit 30 uses the internal status values of the measuring unit 12 recorded by the acceleration sensor 22 and the axle counting sensor 24 as well as the internal status values of the measuring unit 12 recorded by the temperature sensor 26 and the air humidity sensor 28 to determine a value that represents the load condition of the at least one measuring unit.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3rd show only slightly modified embodiments of the system 10, wherein according to Figure 2 the acceleration sensor 22 at the threshold 18 and according to Figure 3 is arranged in the threshold 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge auf einem Schienenweg, wobei wenigstens eine Messeinheit zur Temperaturmessung von Radsätzen eines vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeugs vorgesehen ist.The present invention relates to a system for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles on a railroad, with at least one measuring unit being provided for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of a passing rail vehicle.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Vorrichtungen der voranstehend beschriebenen Art bekannt.Various devices of the type described above are known from the prior art.

Das Dokument DE 4 217 681 beschreibt eine Radsatzdiagnoseeinrichtung zur Überwachung von vorbeifahrenden Eisenbahnfahrzeuge, bei der Umlenkeinheiten und Infrarotempfangseinheiten in einer Hohlschwelle untergebracht sind. Zur Erfassung der Radposition und zur Infrarotmesswertkorrektur sind Beschleunigungsaufnehmer an den über den Schwellen verlaufenden Schienen vorgesehen, die den Raddruck und/oder Beschleunigungswerte eines darüberfahrenden Rades ermitteln.The document DE 4 217 681 describes a wheel set diagnostic device for monitoring passing railway vehicles, in which deflection units and infrared receiving units are accommodated in a hollow sleeper. Accelerometers are provided on the rails running over the sleepers to detect the wheel position and to correct the infrared measured values, which determine the wheel pressure and / or acceleration values of a wheel driving over them.

Ferner offenbart das Dokument DE 103 05 470 A1 eine Messstrecke zur Erfassung unterschiedlicher physikalischer Größen schienengebundener Fahrzeuge. Die Messstrecke weist Kraftaufnehmer, Temperaturaufnehmer und Magnetfeldaufnehmer auf, die an Schienen oder Schwellen angeordnet sind. Ferner ist eine Auswertevorrichtung vorgesehen, mit der die Temperaturaufnehmer und die Kraftaufnehmer verbunden sind. Das Dokument DE 103 05 470 A1 offenbart zudem, dass die Auswertevorrichtung aus den Signalen der Temperaturaufnehmer Kennwerte für eine thermische Belastung von vorgegebenen Teilen überfahrender Fahrzeuge von Schienenteilen und/oder Umgebungsbereichen.The document also discloses DE 103 05 470 A1 a measuring section for recording different physical quantities of rail-bound vehicles. The measuring section has force sensors, temperature sensors and magnetic field sensors which are arranged on rails or sleepers. Furthermore, an evaluation device is provided with which the temperature sensors and the force sensors are connected. The document DE 103 05 470 A1 also discloses that the evaluation device uses the signals from the temperature sensors to provide characteristic values for thermal loading of specified parts of vehicles passing over, rail parts and / or surrounding areas.

Das Dokument DE 10 2007 044 796 A1 offenbart ein Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von Emissionen, bei dem neben der Messung der Position des Schienenfahrzeugs und den Emissionen entsprechenden physikalischen und/oder chemischen Parameterwerten auch meteorologischen Messdaten wie z. B. Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Niederschlagsmenge und Windgeschwindigkeit aufgezeichnet werden. An einer Schiene ist ein induktiver Radsensor angeordnet. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Schiene ist ein Temperatursensor zur Messung der Schienentemperatur befestigt. Auf derselben Schiene sind ein horizontaler Beschleunigungsaufnehmer sowie ein vertikaler Beschleunigungsaufnehmer angeordnet. Gleichzeitig ist eine Schwelle mit einem vertikalen Beschleunigsaufnehmer versehen. Bei den erfassten physikalischen Parametern handelt es sich um den Schalldruckpegel, die Schienenbeschleunigung, die Schwellenbeschleunigung, Erschütterungen im Untergrund oder ladungsbezogene physikalische Parameter. Die Position des Schienenfahrzeugs am Gleiskörper wird durch Erfassen der einzelnen Schienenfahrzeugachsen bestimmt.The document DE 10 2007 044 796 A1 discloses a measurement method for determining emissions, in which, in addition to measuring the position of the rail vehicle and the emissions, corresponding physical and / or chemical parameter values also meteorological measurement data such as e.g. B. Air temperature, humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed can be recorded. An inductive wheel sensor is arranged on a rail. A temperature sensor for measuring the rail temperature is attached to the opposite rail. A horizontal accelerometer and a vertical accelerometer are arranged on the same rail. At the same time, a sleeper is provided with a vertical accelerometer. The recorded physical parameters are the sound pressure level, the rail acceleration, the threshold acceleration, vibrations in the underground or load-related physical parameters. The position of the rail vehicle on the track structure is determined by detecting the individual rail vehicle axles.

Das Dokument WO 00/73118 A1 offenbart eine Überwachungsvorrichtung für Eisenbahnräder, die in eine Schienenunterlagsplatte integrierte Kraftsensoren aufweist. Den Kraftsensoren nachgeschaltet sind Vorverstärker, die ihrerseits mit einem Signalanalysator verbunden sind.The document WO 00/73118 A1 discloses a railway wheel monitoring device having force sensors integrated into a rail shim. Downstream of the force sensors are preamplifiers, which in turn are connected to a signal analyzer.

Das Dokument DE 10 2009 024 506 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Wartungsinformationen bezüglich eines zu wartenden Objekts. Dabei wird ein Zustandsverschlechterungsmodel des zu wartenden Objektes anhand mindestens einer die Zustandsverschlechterung des Objektes kennzeichnenden Einflussgröße ermittelt und daraufhin eine Wartungsinformation in Abhängigkeit dieses Zustandsverschlechterungsmodells ermittelt. Einflussgrößen, die die Zustandsverschlechterung des Objekts kennzeichnen bzw. beeinflussen, können die Belastung, das Wetter oder bei fahrzeugseitigen Objekten, wie beispielsweise einer Lokomotive, die Geschwindigkeit sein. Anhand der Einflussgröße wird das Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell ermittelt, dass die Zustandsverschlechterung des Objekts in Abhängigkeit der entsprechenden Einflussgrößen modelliert. Das Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell muss mit in bestimmten Abständen stattfindenden Messungen validiert werden, so dass festgestellt werden kann, ob das Modell mit dem tatsächlichen Verschleiß einhergeht oder von dem tatsächlichen Verschleiß abweicht.The document DE 10 2009 024 506 A1 discloses a method for determining maintenance information relating to an object to be maintained. In this case, a condition deterioration model of the object to be serviced is determined on the basis of at least one influencing variable characterizing the condition deterioration of the object and maintenance information is then determined as a function of this condition deterioration model. Influencing variables that characterize or influence the deterioration in the condition of the object can be the load, the weather or, in the case of objects on the vehicle, such as a locomotive, the speed. On the basis of the influencing variable, the condition deterioration model is determined that models the condition deterioration of the object as a function of the corresponding influencing variables. The condition deterioration model must be validated with measurements taking place at certain intervals, so that it can be determined whether the model is associated with the actual wear or deviates from the actual wear.

Gemäß dem Dokument DE 10 2009 024 506 A1 wird anhand einer Einflussgröße ein Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell für ein Objekt modelliert. Das Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell muss jedoch mit Messungen des tatsächlichen Verschleißes auf seine Richtigkeit geprüft werden. Stimmt das Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell nicht mit der Realität überein, muss das Modell überarbeitet oder schlimmstenfalls ein neues Modell ermittelt werden.According to the document DE 10 2009 024 506 A1 a condition deterioration model for an object is modeled on the basis of an influencing variable. However, the condition deterioration model must be checked for correctness with measurements of the actual wear. If the condition deterioration model does not match reality, the model must be revised or, in the worst case, a new model must be determined.

Ferner sind aus dem Stand der Technik Temperaturüberwachungsvorrichtungen gemäß dem Dokument EP 1 772 342 A2 bekannt. Gemäß diesem Dokument ist eine IR-Empfangseinheit in einem verschließbaren Gehäuse vorgesehen, dass in eine Ausnehmung einer Mess- oder Hohlschwelle eingesetzt ist. Das Gehäuse stützt sich über Dämpfungsglieder auf der Oberseite der Schwelle ab. Zur Überwachung des Zustands der Dämpfungsglieder ist an dem Gehäuse ein Beschleunigungssensor angeordnet, der an eine Auswerteeinheit angeschlossen ist. Anhand der von dem Beschleunigungssensor erfassten Beschleunigungswerte des Gehäuses mit den IR-Empfangseinheiten wird auf den Zustand der Dämpfungsglieder geschlossen.Furthermore, temperature monitoring devices according to the document are from the prior art EP 1 772 342 A2 known. According to this document, an IR receiving unit is provided in a lockable housing that is inserted into a recess of a measuring or hollow sleeper. The housing is supported by attenuators on the top of the threshold. To monitor the state of the attenuators, an acceleration sensor is arranged on the housing and is connected to an evaluation unit. On the basis of the acceleration values of the housing with the IR receiving units detected by the acceleration sensor, conclusions are drawn about the state of the attenuators.

Mit der Einrichtung gemäß dem Dokument EP 1 772 342 A2 kann somit nur der Zustand der Dämpfungsglieder überwacht werden, über die sich das Gehäuse der IR-Empfangseinheiten an der Schwelle abstützt.With the facility according to the document EP 1 772 342 A2 Thus, only the state of the attenuators can be monitored via which the housing of the IR receiver units is supported on the threshold.

Da gerade Messeinheiten zur Temperaturmessung von Radsätzen von vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen von höchster Relevanz für die Sicherheit des Schienenverkehrs sind, besteht ein Bedarf dafür, die Messeinheiten zur Temperaturmessung ganzheitlich überwachen zu können.Since measuring units for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of passing rail vehicles are of the highest relevance for the safety of rail traffic, there is a need to be able to monitor the measuring units for temperature measurement holistically.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein System zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge bereitzustellen, mit dem der Zustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit ganzheitlich überwacht werden kann und eine belastungsabhängige Wartung ermöglicht wird.It is the object of the present invention to provide a system for recording properties of passing rail vehicles provide with which the state of the at least one measuring unit can be monitored holistically and load-dependent maintenance is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem System zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a system for recording properties of passing rail vehicles with the features of claim 1.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen werden aus den beigefügten Unteransprüchen ersichtlich.Preferred embodiments are evident from the attached subclaims.

Das System zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge weist zur Überwachung der wenigstens einen Messeinheit wenigstens einen Belastungssensor, der die auf die wenigstens eine Messeinheit einwirkenden mechanischen Belastungen erfasst, und wenigstens einen weiteren Sensor auf, der wenigstens einen inneren Zustandswert der wenigstens einen Messeinheit bereitstellt. Der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor und der wenigstens eine weitere Sensor sind mit einer Auswerteeinheit verbunden. Die Auswerteeinheit ist dazu ausgebildet, wenigstens einen den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit repräsentierenden Wert zu ermitteln.The system for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles has at least one load sensor for monitoring the at least one measuring unit, which detects the mechanical loads acting on the at least one measuring unit, and at least one further sensor, which provides at least one internal state value of the at least one measuring unit. The at least one load sensor and the at least one further sensor are connected to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is designed to determine at least one value representing the load condition of the at least one measuring unit.

Das erfindungsgemäße System erfasst zum einen die von den vorbeifahrenden bzw. das System überfahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen auf die mit der wenigstens einen Messeinheit versehene Schwelle ausgeübten mechanischen Belastungswerte und zum anderen einen inneren Zustandswert der Messeinheit. Anhand der erfassten Werte, die von den Sensoren an die mit ihnen verbundene Auswerteeinheit ausgegeben werden, wird von der Auswerteeinheit ein Wert ermittelt, der den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit wiederspiegelt. Durch die Berücksichtigung von äußeren Einflüssen mittels der von dem Belastungssensor erfassten mechanischen Belastungswerte der Schwelle und des inneren Zustands der Messeinheit über den wenigstens einen inneren Zustandswert kann die wenigstens einen Messeinheit anhand des ermittelten Belastungswerts ganzheitlich überwacht werden. Die von den vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen auf die Schwelle ausgeübten mechanischen Belastungswerte können beispielsweise als Beschleunigungswerte, aber auch als Druckkräfte erfasst werden.The system according to the invention records on the one hand the mechanical load values exerted on the threshold provided with the at least one measuring unit by the passing rail vehicles or the rail vehicles passing over the system and on the other hand an internal state value of the measuring unit. On the basis of the recorded values, which are output by the sensors to the evaluation unit connected to them, the evaluation unit determines a value that reflects the load condition of the at least one measuring unit. By taking into account external influences by means of the mechanical load values of the threshold detected by the load sensor and the internal state of the measuring unit via the at least one internal state value, the at least one measuring unit can be monitored holistically on the basis of the determined stress value. The mechanical load values exerted on the threshold by the passing rail vehicles can be recorded, for example, as acceleration values, but also as pressure forces.

Im Gegensatz zu dem in Dokument DE 10 2009 024506 A1 offenbarten Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Wartungsinformationen, wird mit dem System gemäß der Erfindung kein Zustandsverschlechterungsmodell modelliert, das über in bestimmten Abständen stattfindende Messungen mit dem tatsächlichen Verschleiß abgeglichen werden muss. Erfindungsgemäß wird kontinuierlich aus den von dem wenigstens einen mechanischen Belastungssensor und dem wenigstens einen weiteren Sensor erfassten Werten von der Auswerteeinheit ein den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit repräsentierender Wert ermittelt, der angibt, welchen Belastungen die wenigstens eine Messeinheit tatsächlich ausgesetzt war.In contrast to the one in document DE 10 2009 024506 A1 disclosed method for determining maintenance information, the system according to the invention does not model a condition deterioration model that has to be compared with the actual wear and tear via measurements taking place at certain intervals. According to the invention, a value representing the load state of the at least one measuring unit is continuously determined by the evaluation unit from the values recorded by the at least one mechanical load sensor and the at least one further sensor, which value indicates which loads the at least one measuring unit was actually exposed to.

Mit den von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Werten, die den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit wiederspiegelt, kann festgestellt werden, ob bei der Messeinheit Wartungsbedarf besteht oder ein Austausch der gesamten Messeinheit notwendig ist. Ferner ist es möglich, abhängig von dem ermittelten Wert für den Belastungszustand der Messeinheit, einzelne Bauteile bei Werksüberholungen oder Reparaturen präventiv auszutauschen.With the values determined by the evaluation unit, which reflect the load condition of the at least one measuring unit, it can be determined whether the measuring unit requires maintenance or whether the entire measuring unit needs to be replaced. It is also possible, depending on the determined value for the load condition of the measuring unit, to preventively replace individual components during factory overhauls or repairs.

Anders als beim Stand der Technik gemäß dem Dokument EP 1 772 342 A2 , bei dem lediglich der Zustand der Gummidämpfer überwacht wird, kann gemäß der Erfindung der Zustand der gesamten Messeinheit überwacht werden, d.h. die Messeinheit selbst wird überwacht und nicht nur die ihr zugeordneten Dämpfungsglieder.Unlike the prior art according to the document EP 1 772 342 A2 , in which only the state of the rubber dampers is monitored, according to the invention the state of the entire measuring unit can be monitored, ie the measuring unit itself is monitored and not just the damping elements assigned to it.

Auf den von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Wert für den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit können die Inspektionsintervalle für die Messeinheit abgestimmt werden, denn beladene Güterwagons üben erhebliche höhere mechanische Belastungen auf die Schienen, Schwellen und damit auf die Messeinrichtung aus als leichte Passagierwagons. Falls der ermittelte Wert für den Belastungszustand beispielsweise bei Schienenwergen mit relativ viel Güterverkehr relativ hoch ist, können die Inspektionsintervalle der wenigstens einen Messeinheit verkürzt werden. Andererseits können bei Schienenwegen mit relativ wenig Güterverkehr und damit einhergehend geringeren Belastungen, die Inspektionsintervalle auf Grundlage des von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Werts verlängert werden, ohne dass dadurch die Sicherheit der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge bzw. des Schienenverkehrs gefährdet wird.The inspection intervals for the measuring unit can be matched to the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the at least one measuring unit, because loaded freight wagons exert significantly higher mechanical loads on the rails, sleepers and thus on the measuring device than light passenger wagons. If the determined value for the load condition is relatively high, for example in the case of rail wagons with a relatively high volume of goods traffic, the inspection intervals of the at least one measuring unit can be shortened. On the other hand, in the case of railways with relatively little freight traffic and the associated lower loads, the inspection intervals can be extended on the basis of the value determined by the evaluation unit, without endangering the safety of the passing rail vehicles or rail traffic.

Zur Erfassung des wenigstens einen inneren Zustandswerts umfasst das erfindungsgemäße System wenigstens einen weiteren Sensor. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform kann das System daher als weiteren Sensor wenigstens einen Temperatursensor umfassen, der die Temperatur der wenigstens einen Messeinheit erfasst.To detect the at least one internal state value, the system according to the invention comprises at least one further sensor. According to one embodiment, the system can therefore comprise at least one temperature sensor as a further sensor which detects the temperature of the at least one measuring unit.

Ferner kann das System als weiteren Sensor wenigstens einen Luftfeuchtesensor umfassen, der die Luftfeuchtigkeit in der wenigstens einen Messeinheit erfasst.Furthermore, the system can comprise at least one air humidity sensor as a further sensor, which detects the air humidity in the at least one measuring unit.

Selbstverständlich kann das erfindungsgemäße System auch Kombinationen von Sensoren umfassen, die verschiedene innere Zustandswerte der wenigstens einen Messeinheit erfassen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass das System sowohl den Temperatursensor als auch den Luftfeuchtesensor aufweist. Dadurch fließt in den von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Wert für den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit die Temperatur der Messeinheit und auch die Luftfeuchtigkeit in der Messeinheit ein. Durch das Vorhandensein von mehreren Sensoren zur Erfassung von inneren Zustandswerten der Messeinheit gewinnt der von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelte Wert an Aussagekraft über den ganzheitlichen Belastungszustand der Messeinheit.Of course, the system according to the invention can also include combinations of sensors which detect different internal state values of the at least one measuring unit. For example, it is possible for the system to have both the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor. As a result, the temperature of the measuring unit and also the air humidity in the measuring unit flow into the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the at least one measuring unit. Due to the presence of several sensors for detecting internal state values of the measuring unit, the value determined by the evaluation unit gains in significance about the overall load condition of the measuring unit.

Ferner kann das System einen Sensor zur Achszählung der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge umfassen. Mit dem Sensor zur Achszählung der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge können die von dem wenigstens einen Belastungssensor erfassten mechanischen Belastungswerte mit der Anzahl der das System überfahrenden Achsen der Schienenfahrzeuge abgeglichen werden. Mit der Anzahl der gezählten Achsen der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge kann die Belastung des Systems bzw. der wenigstens einen Messeinheit pro Rad bzw. pro Achse des Schienenfahrzeugs bestimmt werden, so dass ein genaues Belastungsprofil für die Messeinheit erzeugt werden kann. Die mit einem System gemäß dieser Ausführungsform erfassten Werte umfassen somit auch für die Betreiber von Bahnstrecken relevante Messwerte, wie z. B. über die Achslast der Achsen der vorbei- bzw. überfahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge und über den Zustand der Räder der Achsen der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge.Furthermore, the system can comprise a sensor for axle counting of the passing rail vehicles. With the sensor for axle counting of the passing rail vehicles, the mechanical load values detected by the at least one load sensor can be matched to the number of axles passing over the system Rail vehicles are compared. With the number of counted axles of the passing rail vehicles, the load on the system or the at least one measuring unit per wheel or per axle of the rail vehicle can be determined so that an accurate load profile can be generated for the measuring unit. The values recorded with a system according to this embodiment thus also include measured values relevant to the operators of railway lines, such as e.g. B. on the axle load of the axles of the passing or driving over rail vehicles and on the condition of the wheels of the axles of the passing rail vehicles.

Mit anderen Worten, kann mithilfe des voranstehend beschriebenen Sensors zur Achszählung der Schienenfahrzeuge unter Berücksichtigung der das System überfahrenden Achsen ein detailliertes Belastungsprofil der wenigstens einen Messeinheit zur Temperaturmessung der Radsätze ermittelt werden.In other words, a detailed load profile of the at least one measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the wheel sets can be determined with the aid of the sensor described above for counting the axles of the rail vehicles, taking into account the axles passing over the system.

Da mit dem wenigstens einen Belastungssensor die auf die Schwelle einwirkenden mechanischen Belastungen erfasst werden sollen, kann der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung an der Schwelle oder an wenigstens eine Schiene angeordnet sein.Since the mechanical loads acting on the threshold are to be recorded with the at least one load sensor, the at least one load sensor can be arranged on the threshold or on at least one rail according to a development of the invention.

Ferner kann der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor auch in der Schwelle angeordnet sein. Dadurch wird der Aufbau des Systems weiter vereinfacht.Furthermore, the at least one load sensor can also be arranged in the threshold. This further simplifies the structure of the system.

Durch Anordnen des wenigstens einen Belastungssensors an der Schwelle, in der Schwelle oder an wenigstens einer Schiene können mit dem wenigstens einen Belastungssensor die mechanischen Belastungswerte für sämtliche Messeinheiten in der Schwelle bestimmt werden. Es wird dementsprechend pro mit einer Messeinheit versehenen Schwelle lediglich ein Belastungssensor zur Belastungsmessung benötigt.By arranging the at least one load sensor on the threshold, in the threshold or on at least one rail, the mechanical load values for all measuring units in the threshold can be determined with the at least one load sensor. Accordingly, only one load sensor is required for load measurement per threshold provided with a measuring unit.

Der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform zur Erfassung eines sich nähernden Zugs verwendet werden. Anders ausgedrückt, erfasst der Belastungssensor dabei die von der wenigstens einen Schiene bzw. Schwelle übertragenen Körperschallsignale, die von dem sich nähernden Schienenfahrzeug ausgelöst werden. Mit den von dem wenigstens einen Belastungssensor erfassten Belastungswerten, die aufgrund der von der Schiene übertragenen Körperschallwellen entstehen, kann ein sich annäherndes Schienenfahrzeug ermittelt werden und die Messeinheit aus einem inaktiven Zustand in einen aktiven Zustand versetzt werden.According to one embodiment, the at least one load sensor can be used to detect an approaching train. In other words, the load sensor detects the structure-borne noise signals transmitted by the at least one rail or threshold, which are triggered by the approaching rail vehicle. With the load values detected by the at least one load sensor, which arise due to the structure-borne sound waves transmitted by the rail, an approaching rail vehicle can be determined and the measuring unit can be switched from an inactive state to an active state.

Der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor kann ein Beschleunigungssensor oder ein Kraftsensor sein.The at least one load sensor can be an acceleration sensor or a force sensor.

Dementsprechend kann der wenigstens eine Belastungssensor als piezoelektrischer Sensor, magnetisch-induktiver Sensor, mikro-mechanischer Sensor, Dehnungsmessstreifen, oder als Lichtwellenleitersensor, z.B. als eine Lichtwellenleiter-Druckplatte oder ein Lichtwellenleiter-Biegebalken, ausgebildet sein.Accordingly, the at least one load sensor can be used as a piezoelectric sensor, magnetic-inductive sensor, micro-mechanical sensor, strain gauge, or as an optical fiber sensor, e.g. as an optical waveguide pressure plate or an optical waveguide bending beam.

Je nach Art des für den Belastungssensor ausgewählten Sensortyps verändert sich auch die bevorzugte Anordnungsposition für den Belastungssensor, d.h. in der Schwelle, an der Schwelle oder an der Schiene.Depending on the type of sensor selected for the load sensor, the preferred placement position for the load sensor, i.e. in the threshold, on the threshold or on the rail.

Piezoelektrische Sensoren, magnetisch-induktive Sensoren und mikro-mechanische Sensoren werden bevorzugt an oder in der Schwelle angeordnet. Die zuvor genannten Sensortypen können auch an einer Rippenplatte angeordnet werden, die zur Verbindung der Schwelle mit wenigstens einer Schiene dient.Piezoelectric sensors, magnetic-inductive sensors and micro-mechanical sensors are preferably arranged on or in the threshold. The aforementioned sensor types can also be arranged on a ribbed plate, which is used to connect the sleeper to at least one rail.

Dehnungsmesstreifen werden dagegen direkt an der Schiene oder an einer sich am Schienenfuß befindlichen Klaue angeklebt.Strain gauges, on the other hand, are glued directly to the rail or to a claw located on the rail foot.

Eine Lichtwellenleiter-Druckplatte wird vorzugsweise zwischen der Schiene und der Rippenplatte angeordnet.An optical fiber pressure plate is preferably placed between the rail and the rib plate.

Im Gegensatz dazu wird ein Lichtwellenleiter-Biegebalken vorzugsweise an der Schiene angeordnet und über eine Klemmbefestigung an dem Fuß der Schiene im Schwellenfach vor oder hinter der Schwelle mit der wenigstens einen Messeinheit befestigt.In contrast to this, an optical waveguide bending beam is preferably arranged on the rail and fastened to the foot of the rail in the sleeper compartment in front of or behind the sleeper with the at least one measuring unit via a clamp fastening.

Wird ein Dehnungsmessstreifen, eine Lichtwellenleiterdruckplatte oder eine Lichtwellenleiter-Druckplatte oder ein Lichtwellenleiter-Biegebalken als Beschleunigungssensor gewählt, werden zur Messung der Belastungswerte sämtlicher Messeinheiten an der Schwelle nur zwei Belastungssensoren benötigt, mit denen zu dem noch die für die Betreiber von Schienenwegen relevante Werte über die Achslast oder über den Zustand der Räder jeder einzelnen Achse liefern könnten.If a strain gauge, a fiber optic pressure plate or a fiber optic pressure plate or a fiber optic bending beam is selected as the acceleration sensor, only two load sensors are required to measure the load values of all measuring units at the threshold, with which the values relevant for the railroad operators are Axle load or the condition of the wheels of each individual axle.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das System eine Mehrzahl von Kraftsensoren umfassen, die mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden sind. Die Mehrzahl der Kraftsensoren können derart ausgebildet und angeordnet sein, dass sie sowohl zur Erfassung der auf die Schwelle einwirkenden mechanischen Belastungen als auch zur Ortung von Flachstellen an den Rädern des vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen dienen, wodurch das erfindungsgemäße System weiter vereinfacht wird. Ferner ist es möglich, dass die Mehrzahl der Kraftsensoren zusammen mit wenigstens einem Belastungssensor, der die mechanischen Belastungen der Schwelle misst, eingesetzt wird, wobei die Mehrzahl der Kraftsensoren zur Flachstellenortung an den Rädern der Schienenfahrzeuge dient. In diesem Fall kann die Mehrzahl der Kraftsensoren benachbart zu der mit der wenigstens einen Messeinrichtung versehenen Schwelle angeordnet sein. Bei dieser Weiterbildung des Systems zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeugen kann für die Mehrzahl der Kraftsensoren dieselbe Infrastruktur verwendet werden, wie für die Messeinheit zur Temperaturmessung der Radsätze, da dieselbe Auswerteeinheit mit den Schnittstellen zur Kommunikation mit den einzelnen Sensoren und auch dieselbe Spannungsversorgung verwendet werden kann. Mit einem um die Mehrzahl von Kraftsensoren erweiterten System zur Erfassung der Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge kann auf eine separate und zusätzliche Anlage zur Flachstellenortung verzichtet werden.According to a development of the invention, the system can comprise a plurality of force sensors which are connected to the evaluation unit. The majority of the force sensors can be designed and arranged in such a way that they serve both to detect the mechanical loads acting on the sleeper and to locate flat spots on the wheels of the passing rail vehicle, which further simplifies the system according to the invention. It is also possible for the majority of the force sensors to be used together with at least one load sensor that measures the mechanical loads on the threshold, the majority of the force sensors serving to locate flat spots on the wheels of the rail vehicles. In this case, the plurality of force sensors can be arranged adjacent to the threshold provided with the at least one measuring device. In this development of the system for recording properties of passing rail vehicles, the same infrastructure can be used for the majority of the force sensors as for the measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the wheelsets, since the same evaluation unit with the interfaces for communication with the individual sensors and also the same power supply can be used . With a system expanded to include the plurality of force sensors for recording the properties of passing rail vehicles, a separate and additional system for locating flat spots can be dispensed with.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung kann die wenigstens eine Messeinrichtung über wenigstens einen Gummidämpfer, über wenigstens eine Feder oder wenigstens einen Hydraulikdämpfer mit einer Schwelle oder Schiene verbunden sein.According to a further development, the at least one measuring device can be connected to a sleeper or rail via at least one rubber damper, via at least one spring or at least one hydraulic damper.

Die wenigstens eine Messeinrichtung kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung einen Infrarotsensor umfassen.According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one measuring device can comprise an infrared sensor.

Der Infrarotsensor kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung wenigstens einen Verschlussdeckel aufweisen. Das System gemäß dieser Ausführungsform kann als einen weiteren Sensor einen Sensor umfassen, der die Bewegung, insbesondere die Bewegungszeiten, des wenigstens einen Verschlussdeckels erfasst. Unter einem Verschlussdeckel ist in diesem Zusammenhang eine Art Schutzklappe zu verstehen, die einen Strahlengang für die Infrarotstrahlung des Infrarotsensors verschließen oder öffnen kann. Bei verschlossener Schutzklappe bzw. verschlossenem Verschlussdeckel kann kein Schmutz oder Ähnliches in die Messeinheit bzw. den Infrarotsensor gelangen. Wird von dem System festgestellt, dass sich ein Schienenfahrzeug annähert, wird der Verschlussdeckel geöffnet und der Infrarotsensor in einen aktiven Zustand versetzt, um die Temperatur der Radsätze des Schienenfahrzeugs erfassen zu können.According to one embodiment of the invention, the infrared sensor can have at least one closure cover. The system according to this embodiment can comprise, as a further sensor, a sensor which detects the movement, in particular the movement times, of the at least one closure cover. In this context, a closure cover is to be understood as a type of protective flap which can close or open a beam path for the infrared radiation from the infrared sensor. When the protective flap or cover is closed, no dirt or the like can get into the measuring unit or the infrared sensor. If the system detects that a rail vehicle is approaching, the cover is opened and the infrared sensor is set to an active state in order to be able to detect the temperature of the wheel sets of the rail vehicle.

Mithilfe des Sensors, der die Bewegung bzw. die Bewegungszeiten des Verschlussdeckels erfasst, kann somit ein weiterer innerer Statuswert der Messeinheit erfasst werden, der Aufschlüsse darüber gibt, wie lange der Infrarotsensor bzw. die Messeinheit in aktivem Zustand bzw. in inaktivem Zustand war.With the help of the sensor, which records the movement or the movement times of the closure cover, another internal status value of the measuring unit can be recorded, which provides information about how long the infrared sensor or the measuring unit was in the active state or in the inactive state.

Die Auswerteeinheit kann gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wenigstens einen nicht flüchtigen Speicher umfassen. Mit dem wenigstens einen nicht flüchtigen Speicher und dem von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Wert für den Belastungszustand der Messeinheit kann einen Lebensdauerbelastung der Messeinheit ermittelt werden. Die Messeinheit ist mit einem nicht flüchtigen Speicher ausgestattet ,wobei die Auswerteeinheit in zyklischen Intervallen den Wert für den Belastungszustand und weitere Daten in den nicht flüchtigen Speicher der Messeinheit schreiben kann.According to a development of the invention, the evaluation unit can comprise at least one non-volatile memory. With the at least one non-volatile memory and the value determined by the evaluation unit for the load condition of the measuring unit, a lifetime load of the measuring unit can be determined. The measuring unit is equipped with a non-volatile memory, whereby the evaluation unit can write the value for the load condition and other data to the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit at cyclical intervals.

In dem nicht flüchtigen Speicher der Messeinheit sind somit die Werte für den Belastungszustand bzw. die Lebensdauerbelastung der Messeinheit gespeichert. Die Belastungswerte aus dem nicht flüchtigen Speicher der Messeinheit können jederzeit von einer Auswerteeinheit aufgerufen werden.In the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit, the values for the load condition or the lifetime load of the measuring unit are thus stored. The load values from the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit can be called up at any time by an evaluation unit.

In der Praxis wird die Messeinheit zur Wartung oder Reparatur von dem Schienenweg entfernt und üblicherweise beim Hersteller repariert. Die einzelnen Messeinheiten können sich während ihrer Einsatzzeit an verschiedenen Orten befunden haben bzw. verschiedenen Auswerteeinheiten zugeordnet gewesen sein oder sich auch unbenutzt in einem Ersatzteillager befunden haben. Mit dem nicht flüchtigen Speicher der Messeinheit können nun die Werte für die Belastung und auch die Lebensdauerbelastung der Messeinheit bei jeder Reparatur vom Hersteller abgefragt werden, selbst wenn die wenigstens eine Messeinheit mit verschiedenen Auswerteeinheiten an verschiedenen Einsatzorten verbunden war. Neben einer korrektiven Reparatur kann dadurch auch eine präventive Wartung von belasteten Einzelteilen der Messeinheit stattfinden.In practice, the measuring unit is removed from the railroad for maintenance or repair and is usually repaired by the manufacturer. The individual measuring units may have been at different locations during their period of use, or have been assigned to different evaluation units, or they may also have been unused in a spare parts store. With the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit, the values for the load and also the lifetime load of the measuring unit can now be queried by the manufacturer for each repair, even if the at least one measuring unit was connected to different evaluation units at different locations. In addition to a corrective repair, preventive maintenance of contaminated individual parts of the measuring unit can also take place.

Falls sowohl die Auswerteinheit als auch die wenigstens eine Messeinheit einen nicht flüchtigen Speicher aufweisen, kann ein zyklischer Austausch der Speicherinhalte zwischen der Auswerteeinheit und der Messeinheit stattfinden.If both the evaluation unit and the at least one measuring unit have a non-volatile memory, the memory contents can be exchanged cyclically between the evaluation unit and the measuring unit.

Anders ausgedrückt, können die Auswerteinheit und die wenigstens eine Messeinheit derart miteinander verbunden sein, dass die wenigstens eine Messeinheit und die Auswerteeinheit gegenseitig Zugriff auf die Speicherinhalte in den nicht flüchtigen Speichern der jeweils anderen Einheit haben.In other words, the evaluation unit and the at least one measuring unit can be connected to one another in such a way that the at least one measuring unit and the evaluation unit have mutual access to the memory contents in the non-volatile memories of the other unit.

Die Messeinheit kann beispielsweise in ihrem nicht flüchtigen Speicher aufzeichnen, wie lange sie an einem bestimmten Einbauort installiert war und welchen von der Auswerteeinheit ermittelten Werten für den Belastungszustand sie ausgesetzt war.The measuring unit can, for example, record in its non-volatile memory how long it was installed at a certain installation location and which values for the load condition determined by the evaluation unit it was exposed to.

Sind mehrere Messeinheiten an einer Auswerteeinheit angeschlossen, kann die Auswerteinheit andererseits aufzeichnen, welche Messeinheit wie lange in einer bestimmten Position angeschlossen war. In diesem Fall kann die Auswerteeinheit auch für alle mit ihr verbundenen Messeinheiten einen kumulierten Belastungswert bestimmen und bei Überschreitung vorab bestimmter Grenzwerte Wartungsmeldungen abgeben.If several measuring units are connected to one evaluation unit, the evaluation unit can also record which measuring unit was connected for how long in a certain position. In this case, the evaluation unit can also determine a cumulative load value for all measurement units connected to it and issue maintenance reports if predetermined limit values are exceeded.

In diesem Fall kann die Auswerteeinheit auch Daten, wie den Einsatzort, Einsatzzeit, Belastungswerte, und die kumulierte Belastung, aus dem nicht flüchtigen Speicher der wenigstens einen Messeinheit bei ihren Auswertungen berücksichtigen, die in den nicht flüchtigen Speicher der Messeinheit an früheren Einsatzorten der Messeinheit geschrieben wurden.In this case, the evaluation unit can also take into account data such as the place of use, time of use, load values and the cumulative load from the non-volatile memory of the at least one measuring unit in its evaluations, which were written to the non-volatile memory of the measuring unit at previous places of use of the measuring unit were.

Muss eine Auswerteeinheit ausgetauscht werden, kann die neue Auswerteeinheit die verschiedenen Daten aus dem nicht flüchtigen Speicher der wenigstens einen mit ihr verbundenen Messeinheit abrufen und sich sozusagen aktualisieren.If an evaluation unit has to be replaced, the new evaluation unit can call up the various data from the non-volatile memory of the at least one measuring unit connected to it and update itself, so to speak.

Ferner können in dem Speicher die Einbauzeit in Tagen, die Anzahl der das System überfahrenden Achsen, der Durchschnitt der Beschleunigungswerte, der Durchschnitt der Luftfeuchte, der Durchschnitt der Innentemperatur der Messeinheit und die mechanischen Belastungen der Messeinheit über die Zeit gespeichert werden.In addition, the installation time in days, the number of axes over which the system travels, the average of the acceleration values, the average of the humidity, the average of the internal temperature of the measuring unit and the mechanical loads on the measuring unit over time can be stored in the memory.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die wenigstens eine Auswerteeinheit derart ausgebildet sein, dass sie mittels eines vorbestimmten Auswertealgorithmus den Zustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit repräsentierenden Wert über einen vorbestimmten Zeitraum ermittelt.According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one evaluation unit can be designed in such a way that it determines the state of the value representing at least one measuring unit over a predetermined period of time by means of a predetermined evaluation algorithm.

Der vorbestimmte Auswertealgorithmus führt den dem Zustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit repräsentierenden Wert kann beispielsweise folgendermaßen lauten: Zustandswert = ∑ 24 h tag + RH RH norm + ϑ ϑ norm + n n norm + Σ g Σ g norm 4

Figure imgb0001

  • wobei RH die erfasste Luftfeuchte,
  • RHnorm die Normluftfeuchte,
  • ϑ die erfasste Temperatur,
  • ϑnorm die Normtemperatur,
  • n die Anzahl der Achsen,
  • nnorm die normierte, vorgegebene Anzahl der Achsen,
  • g die Beschleunigung, und
  • gnorm die Normbeschleunigung angibt.
The predetermined evaluation algorithm performs the value representing the state of the at least one measuring unit can be, for example, as follows: State value = ∑ 24 H Day + RH RH standard + ϑ ϑ standard + n n standard + Σ G Σ G standard 4th
Figure imgb0001
  • where RH is the recorded air humidity,
  • RH norm the standard air humidity,
  • ϑ the recorded temperature,
  • ϑ norm the norm temperature,
  • n is the number of axes,
  • n norm is the standardized, specified number of axes,
  • g the acceleration, and
  • g norm specifies the standard acceleration.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die wenigstens eine Messeinheit an wenigstens einer Schwelle oder an wenigstens einer Schiene angeordnet sein. Beispielsweise kann die Messeinheit zumindest teilweise in einer Schwelle aufgenommen oder über eine Halterung mit wenigstens einer Schiene verbunden sein.According to a development of the invention, the at least one measuring unit can be arranged on at least one threshold or on at least one rail. For example, the measuring unit can be at least partially received in a sleeper or connected to at least one rail via a holder.

Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Ausführungsformen des Systems gemäß der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Figuren bespielhaft erläutert. Es stellen dar:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Ansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
In the following, various embodiments of the system according to the invention are explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. They represent:
Fig. 1
a schematic view of a first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2
a schematic view of a second embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 3
a schematic view of a third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform des Systems 10 zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge. Fig. 1 FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of the system 10 for detecting properties of passing rail vehicles.

In Fig. 1 erkennt man die Messeinheit 12 zur Temperaturmessung von Radsätzen vorbeifahrender Schienenfahrzeuge (nicht gezeigt), die über Dämpfungsglieder 14, 16 mit der Schwelle 18 verbunden und teilweise in der Schwelle 18 aufgenommen ist. In der Messeinheit 12 befindet sich ein Infrarotsensor (nicht gezeigt) der die Temperatur der Radsätze aufnimmt. Herkömmlicherweise sind an einer Schwelle 18 zwischen zwei und acht Messeinheiten 12 vorgesehen, um sämtliche Radsätze der vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge überwachen zu können.In Fig. 1 one can see the measuring unit 12 for measuring the temperature of wheel sets of passing rail vehicles (not shown), which is connected to the sleeper 18 via damping members 14, 16 and is partially received in the sleeper 18. In the measuring unit 12 there is an infrared sensor (not shown) which records the temperature of the wheel sets. Conventionally, between two and eight measuring units 12 are provided on a sleeper 18 in order to be able to monitor all the wheel sets of the passing rail vehicles.

In der schematischen Ansicht gemäß Fig. 1 ist lediglich eine Schiene 20 gezeigt, wobei ein Schienenweg im Allgemeinen aus zwei Schienen und einer Mehrzahl von Schwellen 18 gebildet wird.In the schematic view according to Fig. 1 only one rail 20 is shown, a rail track generally being formed from two rails and a plurality of sleepers 18.

An der Schiene 20 befindet sich sowohl ein Belastungssensor 22 zur Erfassung der auf die Schwelle 18 einwirkenden mechanischen Belastungen als auch ein Sensor 24 zur Achszählung, der die Anzahl der Achsen der vorbeifahrenden bzw. das System 10 überfahrenden Schienenfahrzeuge erfasst. Der Belastungssensor 22 ist gemäß dieser Ausführungsform ein Beschleunigungssensor, der die von den vorbeifahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen auf die Schwelle 18 ausgeübten mechanischen Belastungen in Form von Beschleunigungswerten erfasst.On the rail 20 there is both a load sensor 22 for detecting the mechanical loads acting on the sleeper 18 and a sensor 24 for axle counting, which detects the number of axles of the rail vehicles passing or driving over the system 10. According to this embodiment, the load sensor 22 is an acceleration sensor which detects the mechanical loads exerted on the sleeper 18 by the passing rail vehicles in the form of acceleration values.

In der Messeinheit 12 sind ein Temperatursensor 26 und ein Luftfeuchtesensor 28 zur Erfassung der Temperatur und der Luftfeuchte als innere Zustandswerte der Messeinheit 12 vorgesehen.A temperature sensor 26 and an air humidity sensor 28 for detecting the temperature and the air humidity as internal status values of the measuring unit 12 are provided in the measuring unit 12.

Der Beschleunigungssensor 22, der Sensor zur Achszählung 24, der Temperatursensor 26 sowie der Luftfeuchtesensor 28 sind mit einer Auswerteeinheit 30 verbunden. Die Auswerteeinheit 30 ermittelt anhand der von dem Beschleunigungssensor 22 und dem Sensor zur Achszählung 24 sowie der von dem Temperatursensor 26 und dem Luftfeuchtesensor 28 erfassten inneren Statuswerten der Messeinheit 12 einen Wert, der den Belastungszustand der wenigstens einen Messeinheit repräsentiert.The acceleration sensor 22, the axle counting sensor 24, the temperature sensor 26 and the air humidity sensor 28 are connected to an evaluation unit 30. The evaluation unit 30 uses the internal status values of the measuring unit 12 recorded by the acceleration sensor 22 and the axle counting sensor 24 as well as the internal status values of the measuring unit 12 recorded by the temperature sensor 26 and the air humidity sensor 28 to determine a value that represents the load condition of the at least one measuring unit.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen lediglich leicht abgewandelte Ausführungsformen des Systems 10, wobei gemäß Figur 2 der Beschleunigungssensor 22 an der Schwelle 18und gemäß Figur 3 in der Schwelle 18 angeordnet ist.The Figures 2 and 3rd show only slightly modified embodiments of the system 10, wherein according to Figure 2 the acceleration sensor 22 at the threshold 18 and according to Figure 3 is arranged in the threshold 18.

Claims (15)

  1. A system (10) for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles on a railway, wherein at least one measuring unit (12) for the temperature measurement of wheelsets of a passing railway vehicle is provided,
    characterised in that for monitoring the at least one measuring unit (12), at least one load sensor (22) is provided which detects the mechanical loads acting on the at least one measuring unit (12), and at least one additional sensor (26, 28) which provides at least one internal status value of the at least one measuring unit (12), wherein the at least one load sensor (22) and the at least one additional sensor (26, 28) are connected with an evaluation unit (30) which is configured to determine at least one value which represents the load condition of the at least one measuring unit (12), and the at least one measuring unit (12) comprises at least one non-volatile memory, wherein the at least one evaluation unit (30) is configured to continuously determine the value which represents the load condition of the at least one measuring unit (12) from the values detected by the at least one load sensor (22) and the at least one additional sensor.
  2. The system (10) according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that the system (10) comprises at least one temperature sensor (26) as additional sensor, which detects the temperature of the at least one measuring unit (12).
  3. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the system (10) comprises at least one air humidity sensor (28) as additional sensor, which detects the air humidity in the at least one measuring unit (12).
  4. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that the system (10) comprises at least one sensor (24) for axle counting of the passing railway vehicles.
  5. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the at least one load sensor (22) may be arranged on at least one sleeper (18) or on at least one rail (20).
  6. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the at least one load sensor (22) may be arranged in the sleeper (18).
  7. The system (10) according to any of Claims 5 or 6,
    characterised in that the at least one load sensor (22) may be employed for detecting an approaching rail vehicle.
  8. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that the at least one load sensor (22) is an acceleration sensor or a force sensor.
  9. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that the at least one load sensor (22) is configured as a piezoelectric sensor, a magneto-inductive sensor, a micro-mechanical sensor, a strain gauge, a fibre optic sensor.
  10. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that the system (10) comprises a plurality of force sensors which are connected with the evaluation unit (30).
  11. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that the at least one measuring unit (12) is arranged on at least one sleeper (18) or on at least one rail (20), wherein the at least one measuring unit (12) may be connected with one sleeper (18) or one rail (20) via at least one rubber damper (14, 16), via at least one spring, or via at least one hydraulic damper.
  12. The system (10) according to any of the previous claims,
    characterised in that the at least one measuring unit (12) comprises an infrared sensor, wherein the infrared sensor includes at least one movable sealing lid, and the system (10) comprises a sensor which detects the movement, in particular the movement times, of the at least one movable sealing lid.
  13. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that the evaluation unit (30) comprises at least one non-volatile memory.
  14. The system (10) according to Claim 13,
    characterised in that the evaluation unit (30) and the at least one measuring unit (12) are connected with each other in such a manner that the at least one measuring unit (12) and the evaluation unit (30) may mutually access the memory contents in the non-volatile memories of the respective other unit (12 or 30).
  15. The system (10) according to any of Claims 1 to 14,
    characterised in that the at least one evaluation unit (30) is configured in such a manner that it determines the value representing the load condition of the at least one measuring unit (12) over a predetermined period of time by means of a predetermined evaluation algorithm.
EP13001672.8A 2012-04-04 2013-04-02 System for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles Active EP2647543B2 (en)

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CN107719413B (en) * 2017-10-10 2019-03-22 上海应用技术大学 Railway wheelset tyre tread fault detection means and method based on magnetic memory detection technology
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EP2647543B1 (en) 2017-03-01

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