DE102004021550A1 - Excessive strain detection method of a vehicle chassis, involves recording acceleration signals over threshold value, whereby threshold value is varied over time based on measured signals - Google Patents
Excessive strain detection method of a vehicle chassis, involves recording acceleration signals over threshold value, whereby threshold value is varied over time based on measured signals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004021550A1 DE102004021550A1 DE200410021550 DE102004021550A DE102004021550A1 DE 102004021550 A1 DE102004021550 A1 DE 102004021550A1 DE 200410021550 DE200410021550 DE 200410021550 DE 102004021550 A DE102004021550 A DE 102004021550A DE 102004021550 A1 DE102004021550 A1 DE 102004021550A1
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- limit
- signal
- threshold value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
- B60G17/01908—Acceleration or inclination sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
- B62D65/005—Inspection and final control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0052—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/10—Acceleration; Deceleration
- B60G2400/104—Acceleration; Deceleration lateral or transversal with regard to vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/10—Acceleration; Deceleration
- B60G2400/106—Acceleration; Deceleration longitudinal with regard to vehicle, e.g. braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/90—Other conditions or factors
- B60G2400/94—Deformation of a vehicle part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
- B60G2600/02—Retarders, delaying means, dead zones, threshold values, cut-off frequency, timer interruption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
- B60G2800/012—Rolling condition
- B60G2800/0122—Roll rigidity ratio; Warping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/70—Estimating or calculating vehicle parameters or state variables
- B60G2800/702—Improving accuracy of a sensor signal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/70—Estimating or calculating vehicle parameters or state variables
- B60G2800/704—Estimating or calculating vehicle parameters or state variables predicting unorthodox driving conditions for safe or optimal driving
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
- B60R2021/01322—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value comprising variable thresholds, e.g. depending from other collision parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2420/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
- B60W2520/105—Longitudinal acceleration
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Überbeanspruchungen eines Fahrzeugfahrwerks gemäß des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a method for determining overstress a vehicle chassis according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein
derartiges Verfahren ist aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit welchem eine Überbeanspruchung eines Fahrzeugfahrwerks genauer ermittelt werden kann.task The invention is now to provide a method with which an overuse a vehicle chassis can be determined more accurately.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This The object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, das von einem Beschleunigungssensor gelieferte Signal mit einer Auswerteeinheit auszuwerten und dann eine entsprechende Information in einem nicht flüchtigen Datenspeicher abzulegen, wenn das Beschleunigungssignal selbst oder das integrierte Beschleunigungssignal, welches die Geschwindigkeitsänderung (Delta-V) des Fahrzeugbauteils abbildet, einen definierten, jedoch variablen Grenzwert überschreitet. Dabei kann sich der Grenzwert über die Lebensdauer des Fahrzeugs verändern. Er ist dahingehend variabel, dass er von der Anzahl der Grenzwertüberschreitungen und/oder der Intensität der Grenzwertüberschreitung abhängt.basic idea The invention is the one delivered by an acceleration sensor Evaluate signal with an evaluation and then a corresponding information in a non-volatile data store when the acceleration signal itself or the integrated Acceleration signal showing the change in velocity (Delta-V) of the vehicle component, a defined, but variable Exceeds limit. there can the limit over change the life of the vehicle. He is variable to that effect, that it depends on the number of limit violations and / or the intensity the limit exceeded depends.
Unter Intensität der Grenzwertüberschreitungen kann dabei sowohl die zeitliche Dauer der Überschreitung des Grenzwertes, als auch das Maß der Überschreitung, aber auch eine gewichtete Kombination beider Größen oder der zeitliche Verlauf der Grenzwertüberschreitung verstanden werden.Under intensity the limit value overruns can be both the duration of exceeding the limit, as well as the degree of transgression, but also a weighted combination of both sizes or the time course the limit exceeded be understood.
Beim Überfahren von Hindernissen wie z.B. Kanaldeckeln, Schlaglöchern in Fahrbahnoberflächen oder Bordsteinen wird das Fahrwerk eines Fahrzeugs stark beansprucht. Insbesondere die Fahrzeugräder und die Radaufhängung können dabei beschädigt werden.When driving over of obstacles such as Manhole covers, potholes in road surfaces or Curbs, the chassis of a vehicle is heavily used. In particular, the vehicle wheels and the suspension can damaged become.
Hintergrund des variablen Grenzwertes ist, dass bei starker Beschleunigung bzw. Verzögerung des Fahrzeugs oder einzelner Fahrzeugteile, diese Bauteile des Fahrwerks durch Deformation oder Risse beschädigt werden können. Bei derart bereits vorgeschädigten Bauteilen kann eine weitere Belastung durch Beschleunigungen zu weiteren Schäden in Form von weiteren Deformationen bzw. beschleunigtem Risswachstum führen. Bereits vorgeschädigte Bauteile können sogar beim Überschreiten von gegenüber dem anfänglichen Grenzwert geringeren Werten geschädigt werden, so dass eine Anpassung des Grenzwertes in Abhängigkeit vom Maß der Überschreitung des anfänglichen Grenzwertes nötig ist.background of the variable limit is that at high acceleration or Delay of the Vehicle or individual vehicle parts, these components of the chassis can be damaged by deformation or cracks. at so already pre-damaged Components can be a further burden of accelerations too further damage in the form of further deformations or accelerated crack growth to lead. Already damaged components can even when passing from opposite the initial one Lower values are harmed, so that an adjustment of the Limit in dependence from the measure of transgression of the initial one Limit required is.
Die in den Speicher abgelegte Information kann bei einem Werkstattaufenthalt ausgelesen werden und somit dem Servicepersonal der Werksatt Hinweise auf die Notwendigkeit eingehender Untersuchungen am Fahrwerk liefern. Zusätzlich kann die im Speicher abgelegte Information dazu verwendet werden, dem Fahrer des Fahrzeugs Hinweise über den Zustand des Fahrwerks zukommen zu lassen. Dies kann in Form von kurzen geschriebenen Informationen (kurze Sätze bzw. Schlagworte) oder Piktogrammen in einem Display oder durch Signalleuchten erfolgen.The Information stored in memory may be at a workshop visit be read out and thus the service personnel of the works advice to the need for detailed examinations of the chassis. additionally the information stored in the memory can be used to the driver of the vehicle information about the condition of the chassis to send. This can take the form of brief written information (short sentences or keywords) or pictograms in a display or by Signal lights are made.
Die Grenzwerte werden während der Fahrwerks- bzw. Bauteilkonstruktion mit an sich bekannten Verfahren der Betriebsfestigkeitsrechnung ermittelt. So können sie beispielsweise mittels Klassengrenzüberschreitungs- oder Bereichspaarzählung festgelegt werden.The Limits are during the chassis or component construction with known methods the fatigue calculation. So they can, for example, by means of Klassengrenzüberschreitungs- or range count become.
Mit diesen Verfahren können auch Überbeanspruchungen von Fahrwerksbauteilen durch Auswertung eines Beschleunigungs- bzw. Delta-V-Geschwindigkeitssignals ermittelt werden, welches diese Grenzwerte nicht überschreitet. Dabei werden der Signalverlauf bzw. Schwingspiele über einen großen Zeitraum z.B. über die Fahrzeuglebensdauer akkumulierten und daraus ein aktueller Schädigungswert ermittelt. Dieser wird regelmäßig mit einem Schädigungswert einer zugeordneten Wöhlerlinie verglichen. Vorteilhaft ist, lediglich Signalwerte oberhalb eines vorgegebenen Schwellwertes auszuwerten, da die darunter liegenden Beschleunigungen bzw. Geschwindigkeitsänderungen keinen bzw. nur einen vernachlässigbar geringen Einfluss auf eine Bauteilschädigung besitzen.With this method can also overuse of chassis components by evaluation of an acceleration or delta-V speed signal be determined which does not exceed these limits. In this case, the waveform or oscillating games over a big period e.g. about the vehicle life accumulated and determined therefrom a current damage value. This is regularly with a damage value an associated Wöhlerlinie compared. It is advantageous, only signal values above one evaluated threshold, since the underlying Accelerations or speed changes none or only negligible have little influence on a component damage.
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, den Grenzwert zu senken, nachdem das Beschleunigungssignal den aktuellen Grenzwert einmalig um einen vorgegebenen Wert überschritten hat. Dabei ist der vorgegebene Wert so dimensioniert, dass beim Erreichen dieses Beschleunigungswertes mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Schädigung des Fahrwerks bzw. von Fahrwerksteilen eingetreten ist, die allein aber noch nicht sicherheitsgefährdend ist. Jedoch weist das Fahrwerk damit eine Vorschädigung auf.An embodiment of the invention provides to lower the limit after the acceleration signal has exceeded the current limit once by a predetermined value. In this case, the predetermined value is dimensioned such that, when this acceleration value is reached, damage to the chassis or chassis parts has occurred with high probability, which alone is not yet dangerous to safety. However, the landing gear thus has a prior damage.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, den aktuellen Grenzwert zu senken, nachdem die Anzahl der Grenzwertüberschreitungen einen vorgegebenen Wert erreicht hat. Ein mehrfaches ggf. nur leichtes und/oder kurzes Überschreiten des aktuellen Grenzwertes kann zur Ermüdung des Bauteils und ebenfalls zu einer Vorschädigung führen. Daher ist auch in diesem Fall eine Absenkung des Grenzwertes sinnvoll.A another embodiment The invention proposes to lower the current limit value after the number of limit violations has reached a predetermined value. A multiple possibly only light and / or short crossing the current limit can cause fatigue of the component and also to a previous damage to lead. Therefore In this case, lowering the limit value makes sense.
Der aktuelle Grenzwert kann auch mit zunehmendem Fahrzeugalter gesenkt werden. Dadurch kann auch eine natürliche Alterung z.B. durch Witterungseinfluss berücksichtigt werden.Of the current limit can also be lowered with increasing age of the vehicle become. As a result, natural aging, e.g. by Weather influences taken into account become.
Zur Bestimmung des Maßes der Grenzwertverschiebung werden in einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Anzahl und die Intensität der Grenzwertüberschreitungen gewichtet. Dabei wird der Grenzwert umso stärker gesenkt, je höher die Anzahl und je höher die Intensität der Grenzwertüberschreitungen seit der letzten Grenzwertveränderung war.to Determination of the measure the limit shift are in one embodiment of the invention the Number and intensity the limit value overruns weighted. The higher the value, the lower the limit value Number and the higher the intensity the limit value overruns since the last limit change was.
Für die Ermittlung von Überbeanspruchungen von Fahrwerksbauteilen kann entweder das direkte Signal eines Beschleunigungssensors oder das über die Zeit integrierte Beschleunigungssignal (Delta-V-Geschwindigkeitssignal) ausgewertet werden. Letzteres zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass es unabhängig von einem Offsetdrift des Beschleunigungssensors ist. Auch bewirkt die Integration des Beschleunigungssignals eine Filterung des Signals vor der Auswertung, wodurch ein glatteres, von extremen Beschleunigungsspitzen befreites Signal ausgewertet wird.For the investigation from overstressing Chassis components can either be the direct signal of an acceleration sensor or over the time integrated acceleration signal (delta-V speed signal) be evaluated. The latter is characterized in particular by from that it is independent from an offset drift of the acceleration sensor. Also causes the integration of the acceleration signal filtering the signal before the evaluation, resulting in a smoother, from extreme acceleration peaks liberated signal is evaluated.
Das auszuwertende Signal wird für die Ermittlung der Bauteilüberbeanspruchung gewichtet, wobei höhere Signalwerte mit einer größeren Gewichtung in die Berechnung einfließen, als niedrigere Signalwerte.The signal to be evaluated is used for the determination of component overstress weighted, with higher ones Signal values with a greater weighting to be included in the calculation, as lower signal values.
Das Beschleunigungssignal kann von einem mit einem Bauteil des Fahrwerks kraftschlüssig verbundenen Beschleunigungssensor oder von einem Beschleunigungssensor geliefert werden, welcher einem Passagier-Schutzsystem zugeordnet ist. Dieses können Sensoren sein, die beispielsweise für die Auslösung eines Airbags oder die Aktivierung eines Gurtstraffsystems für Fahrzeuginsassen verwendet werden.The Acceleration signal can be from one with a component of the landing gear force fit connected acceleration sensor or by an acceleration sensor which is assigned to a passenger protection system is. This can Sensors, for example, for the deployment of an airbag or the Activation of a belt tensioning system can be used for vehicle occupants.
Nachfolgend wird anhand der Zeichnung eine mögliche Ausführungsform der Erfindung näher beschrieben.following becomes a possible one from the drawing embodiment the invention described in more detail.
Dabei zeigt die einzige Fig. ein Zeit-Delta-V-Diagramm, in dem schematisch die Geschwindigkeitsänderungssverläufe zweier fahrwerksschädigender Ereignisse abgebildet sind.there the only Fig. shows a time-Delta-V diagram, in which schematically the speed change characteristics of two chassis damaging Events are mapped.
Auf
der Abszisse des Zeit-Delta-V-Diagramms ist die Zeit und auf der
Ordinate die integrierte vom Beschleunigungssensor detektierte negative Beschleunigung
aufgetragen. In diesem Diagramm sind schematisch zwei Ausschnitte
von Geschwindigkeitsänderungsverläufen
Das
Diagramm weist verschiedene Grenzwerte
Der
erste, schematisch dargestellte Verzögerungsverlauf, wie er beispielsweise
beim Überfahren
eines Hindernisses auftritt, weist einen steilen Anstieg
In
dem zweiten ebenfalls schematisch dargestellten Verlauf überschreitet
der Verzögerungsverlauf
Der
Verzögerungsverlauf
Da
die Summe der Intensitäten
einen im Diagramm nicht dargestellten Wert übersteigt, wird der aktuelle
Grenzwert
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410021550 DE102004021550A1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Excessive strain detection method of a vehicle chassis, involves recording acceleration signals over threshold value, whereby threshold value is varied over time based on measured signals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200410021550 DE102004021550A1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Excessive strain detection method of a vehicle chassis, involves recording acceleration signals over threshold value, whereby threshold value is varied over time based on measured signals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102004021550A1 true DE102004021550A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
Family
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DE200410021550 Withdrawn DE102004021550A1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Excessive strain detection method of a vehicle chassis, involves recording acceleration signals over threshold value, whereby threshold value is varied over time based on measured signals |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102549406A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-07-04 | 克诺尔-布里姆斯轨道车辆***有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring the driving behavior of a railway vehicle |
DE102011082261A1 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for providing signal value of high quality of vertical acceleration of wheel of vehicle, involves receiving signal of vertical acceleration of wheel with sensor with low signal quality, and signal state is determined from signal |
EP2647543B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-03-01 | voestalpine SIGNALING Siershahn GmbH | System for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles |
DE102022114168A1 (en) | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for monitoring at least one component of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
-
2004
- 2004-05-03 DE DE200410021550 patent/DE102004021550A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102549406A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-07-04 | 克诺尔-布里姆斯轨道车辆***有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring the driving behavior of a railway vehicle |
DE102011082261A1 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for providing signal value of high quality of vertical acceleration of wheel of vehicle, involves receiving signal of vertical acceleration of wheel with sensor with low signal quality, and signal state is determined from signal |
DE102011082261B4 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2021-09-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for providing a high quality signal value for the vertical acceleration of a wheel |
EP2647543B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-03-01 | voestalpine SIGNALING Siershahn GmbH | System for detecting characteristics of passing railway vehicles |
DE102022114168A1 (en) | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Method for monitoring at least one component of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
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