EP2626145B1 - Vibration device and method for the treatment of a curable mixture - Google Patents
Vibration device and method for the treatment of a curable mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2626145B1 EP2626145B1 EP13154776.2A EP13154776A EP2626145B1 EP 2626145 B1 EP2626145 B1 EP 2626145B1 EP 13154776 A EP13154776 A EP 13154776A EP 2626145 B1 EP2626145 B1 EP 2626145B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vibration
- generator
- mold
- mixture
- transmission element
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
- B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
- B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a device for vibrating a liquid or pasty material, especially a curable mixture, to treat it, and hereinafter referred to as "vibration device”. It also relates to a method of vibrating a liquid or pasty material, especially a curable mixture, to treat it.
- any action consisting in particular of densifying a material by evacuating the voids that it contains and / or by reorganizing the particles that constitute it, and / or to appropriately distribute a material inside the material.
- a mold in particular to take into account the complexity of the mold and the viscosity of the material.
- the device and the method that is the subject of this disclosure are particularly suitable for treating a curable mixture.
- curable mixture means any material comprising at least one mixture of binder and water.
- Binder here means any powdery material forming with water, or an alkaline solution, a binder paste caused to harden naturally on drying. Cement is an example.
- hardened mixture refers to the curable mixture once dried and cured.
- the curable mixture may for example be a mixture of binder, water and aggregates such as sand, gravel, etc.
- the curable mixture may for example be a mortar or a concrete.
- mortar means any material comprising a mixture of binder, sand and water and optionally additives and / or adjuvants.
- concrete is understood to mean any material comprising a mixture of binder, water, sand and grit, and optionally additives and / or adjuvants.
- the device and method according to the invention can advantageously be used for the treatment of a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, in the manufacture of elements, in particular in the field of construction, by example in the manufacture of masonry elements such as beams, slabs, pavers, etc., especially in the prefabrication industry.
- They are particularly suitable for treating a curable mixture, especially a mortar or concrete, in the fresh state.
- a curable mixture is said to be fresh before it begins to set.
- the binder, sand, water and chippings are mixed, poured into a mold, and then vibrated for the introduction, debulking and compaction.
- the vibration reduces the cohesive and frictional stresses binding the concrete in the fresh state. It promotes the arrangement of grains that constitute it, and allows to drive air bubbles, bringing them to the surface. The filling of the mold is thus facilitated, as is the coating of any reinforcements. The result is a homogeneous and more compact concrete with fewer air bubbles and a good surface finish.
- the first category includes internal vibration devices, also called vibrating needles, generally used on site. These devices are immersed in the concrete during its installation and transmit the vibration directly.
- the second category commonly used in the field of prefabrication, comprises external vibration devices, which act on one or more faces of the concrete, via a mold, a formwork, a vibrating table, etc.
- Vibrating tables for example, generally consist of a metal support for the material to be vibrated, resting on elastic elastomer pads and vibrating under the effect of one or more mechanical vibrators.
- the known devices use unbalanced vibrators, operating by the rotation of unbalanced masses, creating a centrifugal force at the origin of the vibration.
- the synchronization of several vibrators is necessary.
- the wear of one of the vibrators can induce a shift of the rotational speeds or the inclination of the unbalances, with the other vibrators.
- the vibration then becomes heterogeneous and uncontrollable over the entire device, causing a defect in the manufactured products and increasing the wear of the entire vibration device and the risk of its breakdown by fatigue.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative solution to conventional vibration devices, without the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the present invention aims to provide a device for the effective vibration of a curable mixture to be treated, the control of vibration parameters and the reduction of nuisances, including noise, for the user.
- a vibrating device for the treatment of a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, the device comprising at least one vibration generator and a transmission element including a suitable mold. to contain the curable mixture to be treated, characterized in that the vibration generator comprises an acoustic wave generator and in that the device further comprises coupling means including a fluid, especially air, between the generator of acoustic waves and the transmission element.
- coupling means are called means for transmitting the acoustic waves produced by the acoustic wave generator to the transmission element which is in contact with the material to be treated.
- These coupling means comprise a fluid, which is generally air.
- the acoustic waves propagate in the form of a longitudinal oscillation of the molecules around a position of equilibrium, generating a series of zones of compression and depression.
- the present invention consists in using the fluid pressure variations thus generated to vibrate the transmission element situated in the field of action of the waves and in contact with the material to be vibrated, the transmission element transmitting its vibration. the material to be vibrated.
- the acoustic wave vibration has several interests.
- the material to be treated is a curable mixture, for example a mortar or concrete, adapted to be contained in a mold constituting all or part of the transmission element.
- the vibration device according to the invention may be adapted to treat a mass of a curable mixture, including a mortar or concrete, greater than 100 kg, or even more than 1 tonne, and in some cases more than 5 tonnes. In other applications, the mass of material to be treated may be much less.
- mold means any element adapted to receive a material and provided with a retaining wall adapted to prevent the horizontal expansion of said material, the mold thus having a hollow cavity in which the material to be treated can be introduced.
- the material may take, in hardening, the shape of this impression and may, after curing, be extracted from said mold retaining said shape.
- the mold retaining wall may consist of one or more elements.
- the mold may comprise a bottom distinct from said wall or it may comprise a bottom formed in one piece with said wall.
- the material to be treated is cast on the ground, in an excavation comprising side walls and a bottom formed directly by the ground.
- the transmission element is constituted by the ground, the excavation forming a mold for the material to be treated.
- the mold retaining wall comprises at least one formwork panel.
- the mold comprises a bottom, in particular a substantially plane bottom, and a lateral retaining wall, and the lateral wall of the mold can be detachable from its bottom.
- the mold comprises at least one opening, in particular on its upper face, so that the material contained in the mold is in the open air.
- the transmission element in particular the mold, is rigid, in particular rigid enough not to deform under the load of the material to be treated.
- the transmission element, and in particular the mold is made of wood or steel.
- the transmission element Under the effect of the vibrations generated by the acoustic wave generator, the transmission element is moved as a whole.
- the displacement at each point of the transmission element is substantially the same and has, in particular, the same direction and substantially the same amplitude.
- the maximum displacement amplitude of the transmission element, and in particular of the mold, under the effect of the vibrations generated by the acoustic wave generator is between 0.1 and 5 mm.
- the transmission element may comprise a support for said mold, in particular a support plate, to which the mold is advantageously fixed.
- the acoustic wave generator comprises at least one loudspeaker.
- loudspeaker means a device powered by an electric current provided with either a diaphragm operating a translational movement, or blades operating a rotational movement, corresponding to the variations of said electric current.
- the rapid displacement of the membrane or blades creates a movement of depression and overpressure of the particles of the air which causes the vibration of the transmission element located in the field of action of the loudspeaker.
- the vibration generator further comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator.
- the acoustic wave generator comprises a loudspeaker
- this speaker can in particular lead into a passage of a side wall of the box or in a passage of the upper face of the box.
- the casing has at least one vent, whereby it forms a Helmholtz resonator.
- the vent box also called “bass ref” box
- This type of box has a rapid rise in power and a very high stability.
- the vent is located at the upper end of the box.
- the vent is also arranged facing the transmission element, in particular the mold and in particular the bottom of the mold.
- the vibration generator further comprises a belt surrounding the side wall of the box and extending vertically beyond said wall, and means for adjusting the height of said belt.
- the coupling means comprise, in addition to a fluid such as air, elastic or viscoelastic support means on which the transmission element is mounted.
- the transmission element may be either placed on the resilient or viscoelastic support means, or attached to these support means.
- the support means comprise at least one stud or a layer of viscoelastic material.
- the support means comprise metal springs.
- the supports in viscoelastic material however offer a greater amplitude of displacement, with equal power, and a greater regularity.
- the resilient or viscoelastic support means are arranged on the vibration generator, preferably on the upper edge of the box or the belt.
- the resilient or viscoelastic support means comprise a layer of viscoelastic material extending in a closed contour so that the vibration generator, the transmission element and the layer of viscoelastic material form a closed enclosure.
- the vibration device comprises at least two vibration generators.
- the vibrations generated in the vibration device come exclusively from one or more acoustic wave generator (s), in particular from one or more loudspeakers.
- the vibration device according to the invention preferably comprises no mechanical generator of vibrations.
- the acoustic wave generator emits waves whose frequency is between 10 and 1500 Hz depending on the material.
- a frequency of between 10 and 300 Hz, in particular between 10 and 80 Hz and more preferably between 15 and 50 Hz, will be used for acoustically harmless vibrations.
- the maximum power supplied by the vibration generator or the set of vibration generators if there are several, in particular by the acoustic wave generator (s), is greater than 500 W, preferably greater than 1000 W, even more preferably greater than 2000W, preferably less than 50KW.
- the acoustic wave generator generally comprises, in addition to one or more loudspeaker (s) as defined above, one or more coupled power amplifier (s) ( s) to the said loudspeaker (s).
- the transmission element adapted to receive the mixture to be treated comprises a mold, in particular a rigid mold
- the vibration generator comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator, in particular a speaker
- the box comprises at least one vent directed towards the bottom of the mold
- the coupling means comprise resilient or viscoelastic support means on which is mounted the transmission element, in particular the mold, so that the element of transmission, in particular the mold, is moved vertically in a back-and-forth motion as a result of vibrations emitted by the acoustic wave generator.
- the transmission element adapted to receive the mixture to be treated comprises a mold
- the vibration generator comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator, including a speaker
- the means of coupling comprise resilient or viscoelastic support means on which is mounted the transmission element, in particular the mold, and the transmission element, the support means and the box delimit a closed chamber, the transmission element, in particular the mold, being translated vertically in a back-and-forth motion under the effect of the vibrations emitted by the acoustic wave generator.
- the present invention also relates to a machine for manufacturing a hardened mixture molded element, in particular a masonry element, comprising a vibration device as defined above.
- the vibration method according to the invention can be used for compacting a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, in particular the evacuation of the voids contained in said mixture and / or the reorganization of particles constituting it.
- the method is also suitable for distributing a curable mixture, in particular a mortar or concrete inside its mold.
- the total effective power supplied by the vibration generator or the set of vibration generators if there is more than one, at a value greater than 500 W, preferably greater than 1000 W, even more preferably higher, is adjusted. at 2000W, and preferably less than 50KW. Such power is needed to vibrate the material to be processed at the desired frequency and amplitude.
- the acoustic wave generator generally comprises, in addition to one or more loudspeaker (s) as defined above, one or more coupled power amplifier (s) ( s) to the said loudspeaker (s).
- the transmission element is mounted on elastic or viscoelastic support means.
- the vibration frequency is set according to the mass of material to be treated.
- the frequency of vibration is regulated between 10 and 1500 Hz, in particular between 10 and 300 Hz, preferably between 10 and 80 Hz and even more preferably between 15 and 50 Hz.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a molded hardened mixture element, comprising all the steps of the vibration method as defined above and further comprising, after these steps, a demolding step of the element in mixture shaped inside the mold.
- the demolding step is performed when the mixture is, at a minimum, become sufficiently firm to retain its shape corresponding to the mold cavity, once extracted from said mold.
- the mixture is said to be "demoldable” or "shaped".
- the time required for the mixture to acquire such firmness differs according to its nature.
- the manufacturing process therefore generally comprises a drying step, more or less long, after vibration and before demolding.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a vibration device 100 according to the present invention, comprising a vibration generator 10 and a transmission element taking, in the example, the form of a rigid mold 20, in particular a metal mold, provided with a bottom 21 and a side wall 22 and adapted to receive a material to be treated 30, for example concrete.
- a vibration generator 10 and a transmission element taking, in the example, the form of a rigid mold 20, in particular a metal mold, provided with a bottom 21 and a side wall 22 and adapted to receive a material to be treated 30, for example concrete.
- the vibration generator 10 comprises an acoustic wave generator, here in the form of a diaphragm loudspeaker 12.
- the signal emitted by the loudspeaker 12 is generated by a computer 40 and then processed by an amplifier 42 connected directly to the loudspeaker 12.
- a transformer 44 supplies the amplifier 42 with direct current.
- the vibration generator 10 further comprises a housing 14, in which is housed the speaker 12.
- the box 14 has a parallelepiped shape. It comprises a bottom 14a, a side wall 14b, and at its upper end 14c, an orifice or vent 16 whose function will be defined in more detail below.
- a passage 18 is formed in the side wall 14b of the box.
- This passage 18 here has a circular section substantially corresponding to the maximum diameter of the speaker 12, at its front end.
- the loudspeaker 12 thus opens into the passage 18 of the lateral face 14b of the box 14, its membrane 13 being oriented outwards.
- the box 14 At its upper end 14c, the box 14 is surrounded by a belt or skirt 50.
- This belt 50 is fixed to the side face 14b of the box 14 by a fastening system 52 allowing the adjustment of its position, relative to the box 14, in the direction of the height.
- support means 60 At the upper end of the belt 50, and more particularly on its upper edge directed upwards, are disposed support means 60.
- bearing means 60 are, in the example, constituted by a layer of viscoelastic material extending in a closed contour all along the upper edge of the belt 50, that is to say on all the perimeter of said belt 50.
- the support means could also comprise a succession of studs of viscoelastic material, or metal springs, or any other element with elastic or viscoelastic behavior.
- the bottom 21 of the mold 20 extends horizontally, above the casing 14, and more particularly to the right of the vent 16.
- the mold 20 bears against the layer of viscoelastic material 60. With the belt 50 and the box 14, it thus delimits a closed space 70.
- the magnetic motor 15 of the loudspeaker 12 then transforms the received electric current into a displacement of a coil creating a magnetic field subjecting the membrane 13 to the Laplace force.
- the membrane 13 reproduces the signal by performing a translational movement reproducing the variations of the received electric current.
- the rapid movement of the membrane 13 creates a vacuum movement and overpressure of the air particles, at the front and rear of said membrane.
- the air contained inside the casing 14 thus forms a means of coupling between the loudspeaker 12 and the mold 20, allowing propagation of the acoustic waves behind the loudspeaker to the mold 20.
- the waves before the speaker 12 are here emitted towards the outside of the box 14.
- the mold 20 mounted on its supports 60, moves with a periodic movement and transmits its mechanical vibration to the material 30 it contains.
- the coupling means constituted by the air contained inside the box 14 are completed by the viscoelastic support means 60 which allow the displacement of the mold 20 under the effect of acoustic waves propagated by the air and thus ensure the transmission of the vibration, due to the acoustic waves, to the material to be vibrated 30.
- the figure 3A illustrates the mold 20 filled with concrete 30, before the beginning of the vibration.
- the concrete 30 is uniformly distributed within the mold 20. As shown in FIG. figure 3B , the surface of the concrete is leveled, and the material has spread over the entire bottom of the mold 20.
- the concrete has been reorganized both at the macroscopic level (distribution inside the mold), and microscopically (removal of air bubbles, arrangement of the particles of the material).
- the frequency, as well as the duration of the vibration are chosen according to parameters such as the mass and / or the volume of the material to be vibrated and / or the nature of this material (rheology, geometry, mechanical properties), etc.
- the vibration frequency is for example between 10 and 1500 Hz. It can be modified during a vibration cycle.
- the vibration cycle can be subdivided into a first vibration cycle to facilitate the filling of the mold, and a second vibration cycle for densifying the material inside the mold.
- the second vibration cycle may be followed by a third vibration cycle to facilitate demolding of the solidified material.
- the figure 2 represents a vibrating press 900, intended for the manufacture of prefabricated concrete elements such as masonry elements (in particular blocks, pavers, etc.), wall components, structural elements (in particular slabs, beams, beams, etc. .), facing, conduits, furniture, etc., and comprising a vibration device 200 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- prefabricated concrete elements such as masonry elements (in particular blocks, pavers, etc.), wall components, structural elements (in particular slabs, beams, beams, etc. .), facing, conduits, furniture, etc., and comprising a vibration device 200 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the vibrating press 900 is of known type, it will be described here only briefly.
- the machine 900 comprises a frame 90 and a hopper 92 intended to contain the mixture of sand, cement, admixtures, aggregates and water.
- the pestle 80 is operable by means of a ram ram 86.
- the vibration device 200 integrated in the vibrating press 900, here comprises two acoustic vibration generators 110a, 110b, identical to that previously described in connection with the figure 1 , arranged side by side on the bottom of the frame 90 by means of studs 19.
- Each of these vibration generators 110a, 110b comprises a box 14 and a diaphragm loudspeaker 12.
- a belt 50 identical to that described above in connection with the figure 1 , surrounds the end of each box 110a, 110b, and support means 60, in the form of layers of viscoelastic material, are arranged at the upper end of each belt 50.
- a mold 120 comprising a bottom plate 121, for example a wooden board, adapted to bear on the bearing means 60 and a side wall 122 formed by a skirt or a rectangular frame resting against the bottom plate 121 , is intended to receive the concrete 130 from the hopper 92.
- frames of various configurations can be adapted to the same base plate, so as to produce different types of concrete elements.
- the frame 122 can form a plurality of cells of shapes corresponding to the elements to be produced.
- the frame 122 is movable in translation along the two vertical columns 94a, 94b above, to which it is connected via slides 96a, 96b.
- Release cylinders 98 are also provided to raise the frame 122 vertically and detach it from the bottom plate 121, allowing the demolding of the concrete element or elements as will be described below.
- a method of manufacturing a concrete element, using the vibrating press 900 as described above, is described below so as to illustrate the use of the vibration device 200 according to the invention.
- the bottom plate 121 is deposited on the supports 60.
- the frame 122 is deposited on the plate 121, by translating the slides 96a, 96b, downwards, along the columns 94a, 94b.
- the mold 120 consisting of the bottom plate 121 and the frame 122, is filled with concrete 130.
- the pestle 80 is lowered until it bears on the volume of concrete.
- the vibration device 200 is then turned on.
- the speakers 12 of the vibration generators 110a, 110b are supplied with current, causing a translational movement of their membranes. Under the effect of this movement, successive depressions and overpressures are created inside each box 14. These pressure variations are transmitted to the mold 120 by the vents of the boxes, which vents are formed in the upper face of the boxes and placed opposite the bottom plate 121.
- the bottom plate 121 being supported by viscoelastic means 60, it starts to vibrate under the effect of these pressure variations, transmitting its vibration to the concrete 130 with which it is in contact.
- the enclosure constituted respectively by a box 14, the belt 50 surrounding it, the support means 60 and the bottom plate 121 being closed, there is no loss of acoustic waves, and the vibration of the mold 120 and its content is optimal.
- the pestle 80 remains in abutment against the concrete, inside the mold 120.
- the demolding cylinders 96 raise the frame 122 away from the molded concrete element, which can then be recovered.
- the vibration device according to the invention allows a very effective vibration of the concrete.
- the material is compacted. It is more resistant to mechanical stress and has a very satisfactory surface state.
- a vibration device makes it possible to vibrate concrete as effectively as a vibrating table provided with a device for transmitting mechanical vibration, unbalance.
- a first sample (sample # 1) was not vibrated.
- a second sample (Sample No. 2) was vibrated mechanically, on a conventional vibrating table, at a frequency of 60 Hz for 20 seconds.
- a third sample (sample No. 3) was vibrated acoustically, at a frequency of 20 Hz and for 60 seconds, using a vibration device according to the invention.
- the acoustic vibration device used included a vibration generator equipped with a parallelepipedal box of the following dimensions: a height of 567 mm, a width of 440 mm, a depth of 400 mm, a square section of the vent 85 x 85 mm and a vent depth of 140 mm.
- the loudspeaker came out in a passage formed in the upper face of the box, in which was also formed the vent.
- the density is a significant indicator of the concrete's air content and therefore of the way it has been compacted.
- the compressive strength is also an indicator of the good compaction of concrete, a well compacted concrete better resistant to mechanical stress.
- the device according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain a concrete having a density and a compressive strength as high as those of an identical concrete vibrated mechanically.
- the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to compact the concrete as efficiently as a vibrating table equipped with a device for mechanical vibration transmission, unbalanced.
- a vibration device can use, no longer the acoustic acoustic wave of a loudspeaker, but its acoustic wave before.
- the vibration device according to the invention may comprise more than two vibration generators.
- the same belt, adjustable in height can surround several adjacent boxes.
- the box is always surrounded by a belt, it is not essential, and the support means can also be directly placed on the edge or on the upper face of the box.
- the box is completely open on its upper side.
- a lower section vent may be practiced in a face, including the upper face of the box.
- a vibration device according to the present invention may equally well be used in any other field, for example the furniture field, in which materials must be vibrated, in particular to be compacted.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Description
Le présent exposé concerne un dispositif destiné à faire vibrer un matériau liquide ou pâteux, notamment un mélange durcissable, pour le traiter, et ci-après dénommé « dispositif de vibration ». Il concerne en outre un procédé de vibration d'un matériau liquide ou pâteux, notamment un mélange durcissable, pour le traiter.The present disclosure relates to a device for vibrating a liquid or pasty material, especially a curable mixture, to treat it, and hereinafter referred to as "vibration device". It also relates to a method of vibrating a liquid or pasty material, especially a curable mixture, to treat it.
Dans le présent exposé, on entend par traiter toute action consistant notamment à densifier un matériau en évacuant les vides qu'il contient et/ou en réorganisant les particules qui le constituent, et/ou à répartir convenablement un matériau à l'intérieur d'un moule notamment pour tenir compte de la complexité du moule et de la viscosité du matériau.In the present description, it is meant to treat any action consisting in particular of densifying a material by evacuating the voids that it contains and / or by reorganizing the particles that constitute it, and / or to appropriately distribute a material inside the material. a mold in particular to take into account the complexity of the mold and the viscosity of the material.
Le dispositif et le procédé objet du présent exposé sont particulièrement adaptés au traitement d'un mélange durcissable.The device and the method that is the subject of this disclosure are particularly suitable for treating a curable mixture.
Dans le présent exposé, on entend par mélange durcissable tout matériau comprenant au moins un mélange de liant et d'eau.In the present description, the term "curable mixture" means any material comprising at least one mixture of binder and water.
Par liant, on entend ici toute matière pulvérulente formant avec l'eau, ou une solution alcaline, une pâte liante amenée à durcir naturellement en séchant. Le ciment en est un exemple."Binder" here means any powdery material forming with water, or an alkaline solution, a binder paste caused to harden naturally on drying. Cement is an example.
Dans le présent exposé, on appelle « mélange durci » le mélange durcissable une fois seché et durci.In the present description, the term "hardened mixture" refers to the curable mixture once dried and cured.
Le mélange durcissable peut par exemple être un mélange de liant, d'eau et d'agrégats tels que du sable, des graviers, etc.The curable mixture may for example be a mixture of binder, water and aggregates such as sand, gravel, etc.
Ainsi, le mélange durcissable peut par exemple être un mortier ou un béton.Thus, the curable mixture may for example be a mortar or a concrete.
Dans le présent exposé, on entend par mortier tout matériau comprenant un mélange de liant, de sable et d'eau et éventuellement des additifs et/ou adjuvants.In the present description, mortar means any material comprising a mixture of binder, sand and water and optionally additives and / or adjuvants.
Dans le présent exposé, on entend par béton tout matériau comprenant un mélange de liant, d'eau, de sable et de gravillons, et éventuellement des additifs et/ou adjuvants.In this specification, concrete is understood to mean any material comprising a mixture of binder, water, sand and grit, and optionally additives and / or adjuvants.
Le dispositif et le procédé selon l'invention peuvent avantageusement être utilisés pour le traitement d'un mélange durcissable, en particulier d'un mortier ou d'un béton, dans la fabrication d'éléments, notamment dans le domaine de la construction, par exemple dans la fabrication d'éléments de maçonnerie tels que des poutres, dalles, pavés, etc., en particulier dans l'industrie de la préfabrication.The device and method according to the invention can advantageously be used for the treatment of a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, in the manufacture of elements, in particular in the field of construction, by example in the manufacture of masonry elements such as beams, slabs, pavers, etc., especially in the prefabrication industry.
Ils sont tout particulièrement adaptés pour le traitement d'un mélange durcissable, notamment d'un mortier ou d'un béton, à l'état frais.They are particularly suitable for treating a curable mixture, especially a mortar or concrete, in the fresh state.
Dans le présent exposé, on dit qu'un mélange durcissable est à l'état frais avant qu'il ne commence à faire prise.In this disclosure, a curable mixture is said to be fresh before it begins to set.
Classiquement, lors de la fabrication du béton, le liant, le sable, l'eau et les gravillons sont mélangés, coulés dans un moule, puis vibrés pour la mise en place, le débullage et le compactage.Conventionally, during the manufacture of concrete, the binder, sand, water and chippings are mixed, poured into a mold, and then vibrated for the introduction, debulking and compaction.
La vibration diminue les contraintes cohésives et de frottement liant le béton à l'état frais. Elle favorise l'arrangement des grains qui le constituent, et permet de chasser les bulles d'air, en les faisant remonter à la surface. Le remplissage du moule est ainsi facilité, de même que l'enrobage des éventuelles armatures. Le résultat est un béton homogène et plus compact, avec moins de bulles d'air, et présentant un bon état de surface.The vibration reduces the cohesive and frictional stresses binding the concrete in the fresh state. It promotes the arrangement of grains that constitute it, and allows to drive air bubbles, bringing them to the surface. The filling of the mold is thus facilitated, as is the coating of any reinforcements. The result is a homogeneous and more compact concrete with fewer air bubbles and a good surface finish.
Il existe à ce jour deux catégories de dispositifs permettant de générer mécaniquement la vibration du béton.There are currently two categories of devices for mechanically generating the vibration of concrete.
La première catégorie comprend les dispositifs de vibration internes, appelés aussi aiguilles vibrantes, généralement utilisés sur chantier. Ces dispositifs sont plongés dans le béton lors de sa mise en place et lui transmettent la vibration directement.The first category includes internal vibration devices, also called vibrating needles, generally used on site. These devices are immersed in the concrete during its installation and transmit the vibration directly.
La seconde catégorie, communément utilisée dans le domaine de la préfabrication, comprend les dispositifs de vibration externes, qui agissent sur une ou plusieurs faces du béton, par l'intermédiaire d'un moule, d'un coffrage, d'une table vibrante, etc. Les tables vibrantes, par exemple, consistent généralement en un support métallique pour le matériau à vibrer, reposant sur des plots élastiques en élastomère et vibrant sous l'effet d'un ou de plusieurs vibrateurs mécaniques.The second category, commonly used in the field of prefabrication, comprises external vibration devices, which act on one or more faces of the concrete, via a mold, a formwork, a vibrating table, etc. Vibrating tables, for example, generally consist of a metal support for the material to be vibrated, resting on elastic elastomer pads and vibrating under the effect of one or more mechanical vibrators.
Majoritairement, les dispositifs connus utilisent des vibrateurs à balourds, fonctionnant par la mise en rotation de masses balourdées, créant une force centrifuge à l'origine de la vibration.Mostly, the known devices use unbalanced vibrators, operating by the rotation of unbalanced masses, creating a centrifugal force at the origin of the vibration.
Ces vibrateurs présentent de nombreux inconvénients.These vibrators have many disadvantages.
Tout d'abord, ils peuvent créer des nuisances vibratoires se propageant non seulement au dispositif mais aussi à tout l'environnement de travail, rendant nécessaire une maintenance préventive soutenue de tout le matériel pour lutter contre les déréglages dus aux vibrations.First of all, they can create vibratory nuisances propagating not only to the device but also to the entire work environment, making necessary a sustained preventive maintenance of all the equipment to fight against maladjustments due to vibrations.
Ils engendrent par ailleurs des nuisances sonores.They also generate noise.
Pour faire varier les paramètres de vibration (amplitude, direction, fréquence), la synchronisation de plusieurs vibrateurs est nécessaire. Dans ce cas, l'usure d'un des vibrateurs peut induire un décalage des vitesses de rotation ou de l'inclinaison des balourds, avec les autres vibrateurs. La vibration devient alors hétérogène et incontrôlable sur l'ensemble du dispositif, entraînant une défectuosité des produits fabriqués et augmentant l'usure de l'ensemble du dispositif de vibration et les risques de sa rupture par fatigue.To vary the vibration parameters (amplitude, direction, frequency), the synchronization of several vibrators is necessary. In this case, the wear of one of the vibrators can induce a shift of the rotational speeds or the inclination of the unbalances, with the other vibrators. The vibration then becomes heterogeneous and uncontrollable over the entire device, causing a defect in the manufactured products and increasing the wear of the entire vibration device and the risk of its breakdown by fatigue.
Et quand bien même plusieurs vibrateurs sont synchronisés, les gammes de fréquence et de force de vibration utilisées restent limitées, et le passage d'une fréquence ou d'une accélération à une autre pendant un cycle de fabrication est délicat.And even if several vibrators are synchronized, the ranges of frequency and vibration force used are limited, and the transition from one frequency or acceleration to another during a manufacturing cycle is difficult.
L'objectif de la présente invention est de proposer une solution alternative aux dispositifs de vibration classiques, dépourvue des inconvénients précités.The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative solution to conventional vibration devices, without the aforementioned drawbacks.
Plus particulièrement, la présente invention a pour objectif de fournir un dispositif permettant la vibration efficace d'un mélange durcissable à traiter, la maîtrise des paramètres de vibration et la diminution des nuisances, notamment sonores, pour l'utilisateur.More particularly, the present invention aims to provide a device for the effective vibration of a curable mixture to be treated, the control of vibration parameters and the reduction of nuisances, including noise, for the user.
Cet objectif est atteint au moyen d'un dispositif de vibration pour le traitement d'un mélange durcissable, notamment d'un mortier ou d'un béton, le dispositif comprenant au moins un générateur de vibrations et un élément de transmission incluant un moule adapté à contenir le mélange durcissable à traiter, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vibrations comprend un générateur d'ondes acoustiques et en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de couplage incluant un fluide, notamment l'air, entre le générateur d'ondes acoustiques et l'élément de transmission.This objective is achieved by means of a vibrating device for the treatment of a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, the device comprising at least one vibration generator and a transmission element including a suitable mold. to contain the curable mixture to be treated, characterized in that the vibration generator comprises an acoustic wave generator and in that the device further comprises coupling means including a fluid, especially air, between the generator of acoustic waves and the transmission element.
Dans le présent exposé, on appelle moyens de couplage des moyens permettant la transmission des ondes acoustiques produites par le générateur d'ondes acoustiques à l'élément de transmission qui se trouve en contact avec le matériau à traiter. Ces moyens de couplage comprennent un fluide, qui est généralement l'air.In the present disclosure, coupling means are called means for transmitting the acoustic waves produced by the acoustic wave generator to the transmission element which is in contact with the material to be treated. These coupling means comprise a fluid, which is generally air.
Dans un fluide, les ondes acoustiques se propagent sous la forme d'une oscillation longitudinale des molécules autour d'une position d'équilibre, engendrant une suite de zones de compression et de dépression.In a fluid, the acoustic waves propagate in the form of a longitudinal oscillation of the molecules around a position of equilibrium, generating a series of zones of compression and depression.
La présente invention consiste à utiliser les variations de pression du fluide, ainsi engendrées, pour faire vibrer l'élément de transmission situé dans le champ d'action des ondes et en contact avec le matériau à vibrer, l'élément de transmission transmettant sa vibration au matériau à vibrer.The present invention consists in using the fluid pressure variations thus generated to vibrate the transmission element situated in the field of action of the waves and in contact with the material to be vibrated, the transmission element transmitting its vibration. the material to be vibrated.
La vibration par ondes acoustiques présente plusieurs intérêts.The acoustic wave vibration has several interests.
Elle permet une vibration homogène du matériau, grâce à une totale maîtrise des fréquences et des amplitudes générées et transmises à la partie à vibrer. Elle permet notamment le passage aisé d'une fréquence à une autre au cours d'un même cycle de fabrication.It allows a homogeneous vibration of the material, thanks to a total control of the frequencies and amplitudes generated and transmitted to the part to be vibrated. It allows in particular the easy passage from one frequency to another during a same manufacturing cycle.
Elle permet de travailler à basse fréquence, notamment avec des infrasons, inaudibles pour l'utilisateur.It allows to work at low frequency, especially with infrasound, inaudible to the user.
Elle permet une infinité de combinaison de fréquences et d'amplitudes.It allows an infinite combination of frequencies and amplitudes.
Elle permet par ailleurs de limiter la propagation de nuisances vibratoires à l'environnement de travail, et donc le déréglage de machines avoisinantes.It also makes it possible to limit the propagation of vibratory nuisances to the working environment, and thus the maladjustment of neighboring machines.
Selon l'invention, le matériau à traiter est un mélange durcissable, par exemple un mortier ou un béton, adapté à être contenu dans un moule constituant tout ou partie de l'élément de transmission.According to the invention, the material to be treated is a curable mixture, for example a mortar or concrete, adapted to be contained in a mold constituting all or part of the transmission element.
A noter que dans certaines applications, en particulier dans le domaine de la construction, le dispositif de vibration selon l'invention pourra être adapté à traiter une masse d'un mélange durcissable, notamment d'un mortier ou d'un béton, supérieure à 100 kg, voire supérieure à 1 tonne, et dans certains cas supérieure à 5 tonnes. Dans d'autres applications, la masse de matériau à traiter pourra être bien moindre.Note that in some applications, particularly in the field of construction, the vibration device according to the invention may be adapted to treat a mass of a curable mixture, including a mortar or concrete, greater than 100 kg, or even more than 1 tonne, and in some cases more than 5 tonnes. In other applications, the mass of material to be treated may be much less.
Dans le présent exposé, on entend par moule tout élément adapté à recevoir un matériau et muni d'une paroi de retenue adaptée pour empêcher l'expansion horizontale dudit matériau, le moule présentant ainsi une empreinte creuse dans laquelle le matériau à traiter peut être introduit, le matériau pouvant prendre, en durcissant, la forme de cette empreinte et pouvant, après durcissement, être extrait dudit moule en conservant ladite forme.In the present description, mold means any element adapted to receive a material and provided with a retaining wall adapted to prevent the horizontal expansion of said material, the mold thus having a hollow cavity in which the material to be treated can be introduced. , the material may take, in hardening, the shape of this impression and may, after curing, be extracted from said mold retaining said shape.
La paroi de retenue du moule peut être constituée d'un ou de plusieurs éléments. Le moule peut comprendre un fond distinct de ladite paroi ou il peut comprendre un fond formé en une seule pièce avec ladite paroi.The mold retaining wall may consist of one or more elements. The mold may comprise a bottom distinct from said wall or it may comprise a bottom formed in one piece with said wall.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, le matériau à traiter est coulé à même le sol, dans une excavation comprenant des parois latérales et un fond formés directement par le sol. Dans ce cas, l'élément de transmission est constitué par le sol, l'excavation formant un moule pour le matériau à traiter.According to an exemplary embodiment, the material to be treated is cast on the ground, in an excavation comprising side walls and a bottom formed directly by the ground. In this case, the transmission element is constituted by the ground, the excavation forming a mold for the material to be treated.
Selon un autre exemple de réalisation, la paroi de retenue du moule comprend au moins un panneau de coffrage.According to another embodiment, the mold retaining wall comprises at least one formwork panel.
Selon un exemple, le moule comprend un fond, notamment un fond sensiblement plan, et une paroi de retenue latérale, et la paroi latérale du moule peut être détachable de son fond.According to one example, the mold comprises a bottom, in particular a substantially plane bottom, and a lateral retaining wall, and the lateral wall of the mold can be detachable from its bottom.
Selon une disposition préférentielle, le moule comporte au moins une ouverture, notamment sur sa face supérieure, de sorte que le matériau contenu dans le moule est à l'air libre.According to a preferred arrangement, the mold comprises at least one opening, in particular on its upper face, so that the material contained in the mold is in the open air.
Selon un exemple, l'élément de transmission, notamment le moule, est rigide, notamment assez rigide pour ne pas se déformer sous la charge du matériau à traiter. Selon un exemple, l'élément de transmission et notamment le moule, est en bois ou en acier.According to one example, the transmission element, in particular the mold, is rigid, in particular rigid enough not to deform under the load of the material to be treated. In one example, the transmission element, and in particular the mold, is made of wood or steel.
Sous l'effet des vibrations générées par le générateur d'ondes acoustiques, l'élément de transmission est déplacé dans son ensemble. Le déplacement en chaque point de l'élément de transmission est sensiblement le même et a, en particulier, le même sens et sensiblement la même amplitude.Under the effect of the vibrations generated by the acoustic wave generator, the transmission element is moved as a whole. The displacement at each point of the transmission element is substantially the same and has, in particular, the same direction and substantially the same amplitude.
Généralement, l'amplitude maximale de déplacement de l'élément de transmission, et notamment du moule, sous l'effet des vibrations générées par le générateur d'ondes acoustiques, est comprise entre 0.1 et 5mm.Generally, the maximum displacement amplitude of the transmission element, and in particular of the mold, under the effect of the vibrations generated by the acoustic wave generator is between 0.1 and 5 mm.
Outre le moule, l'élément de transmission peut comprendre un support pour ledit moule, notamment une plaque de support, auquel est avantageusement fixé le moule.In addition to the mold, the transmission element may comprise a support for said mold, in particular a support plate, to which the mold is advantageously fixed.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, le générateur d'ondes acoustiques comprend au moins un haut-parleur. Dans la présente demande de brevet, on entend par haut-parleur un dispositif alimenté par un courant électrique muni soit d'une membrane opérant un mouvement de translation, soit de pales opérant un mouvement de rotation, correspondant aux variations dudit courant électrique. Le déplacement rapide de la membrane ou des pales crée un mouvement de dépression et surpression des particules de l'air qui entraîne la vibration de l'élément de transmission situé dans le champ d'action du haut-parleur.According to one aspect of the invention, the acoustic wave generator comprises at least one loudspeaker. In the present patent application, the term loudspeaker means a device powered by an electric current provided with either a diaphragm operating a translational movement, or blades operating a rotational movement, corresponding to the variations of said electric current. The rapid displacement of the membrane or blades creates a movement of depression and overpressure of the particles of the air which causes the vibration of the transmission element located in the field of action of the loudspeaker.
Selon un exemple, le générateur de vibrations comprend en outre un caisson abritant le générateur d'ondes acoustiques.In one example, the vibration generator further comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator.
Si le générateur d'ondes acoustiques comprend un haut-parleur, ce haut-parleur peut notamment déboucher dans un passage d'une paroi latérale du caisson ou dans un passage de la face supérieure du caisson.If the acoustic wave generator comprises a loudspeaker, this speaker can in particular lead into a passage of a side wall of the box or in a passage of the upper face of the box.
Selon un exemple, le caisson comporte au moins un évent, ce par quoi il forme un résonateur de Helmholtz. On peut alors utiliser l'onde arrière du haut-parleur, rayonnée par l'évent du caisson (aussi appelé caisson « bass réflex ») pour faire vibrer l'élément de transmission. Ce type de caisson présente une montée rapide en puissance et une très grande stabilité.In one example, the casing has at least one vent, whereby it forms a Helmholtz resonator. We can then use the rear wave of the speaker, radiated by the vent box (also called "bass ref" box) to vibrate the transmission element. This type of box has a rapid rise in power and a very high stability.
De préférence, l'évent est situé à l'extrémité supérieure du caisson.Preferably, the vent is located at the upper end of the box.
De préférence, l'évent est par ailleurs disposé en regard de l'élément de transmission, notamment du moule et en particulier du fond du moule.Preferably, the vent is also arranged facing the transmission element, in particular the mold and in particular the bottom of the mold.
Selon un exemple, le générateur de vibration comprend en outre une ceinture entourant la paroi latérale du caisson et s'étendant verticalement au-delà de ladite paroi, et des moyens de réglage en hauteur de ladite ceinture. Ces dispositions permettent le réglage de la distance séparant l'élément de transmission du générateur d'ondes acoustiques.In one example, the vibration generator further comprises a belt surrounding the side wall of the box and extending vertically beyond said wall, and means for adjusting the height of said belt. These arrangements allow the adjustment of the distance separating the transmission element from the acoustic wave generator.
Selon un exemple, les moyens de couplage comprennent, outre un fluide tel que l'air, des moyens d'appui élastique ou viscoélastique sur lesquels est monté l'élément de transmission.According to one example, the coupling means comprise, in addition to a fluid such as air, elastic or viscoelastic support means on which the transmission element is mounted.
Dans la présente demande, l'élément de transmission pourra être soit posé sur les moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques, soit fixé à ces moyens d'appui.In the present application, the transmission element may be either placed on the resilient or viscoelastic support means, or attached to these support means.
Selon un exemple, les moyens d'appui comprennent au moins un plot ou une couche de matériau viscoélastique. Selon une variante, les moyens d'appui comprennent des ressorts métalliques. Les appuis en matériau viscoélastique offrent cependant une plus grande amplitude de déplacement, à puissance égale, et une plus grande régularité.In one example, the support means comprise at least one stud or a layer of viscoelastic material. According to a variant, the support means comprise metal springs. The supports in viscoelastic material however offer a greater amplitude of displacement, with equal power, and a greater regularity.
Selon un exemple, les moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques sont disposés sur le générateur de vibrations, de préférence sur le bord supérieur du caisson ou de la ceinture.According to one example, the resilient or viscoelastic support means are arranged on the vibration generator, preferably on the upper edge of the box or the belt.
Selon un exemple, les moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques comprennent une couche de matériau viscoélastique s'étendant selon un contour fermé de sorte que le générateur de vibrations, l'élément de transmission et la couche de matériau viscoélastique forment une enceinte fermée.According to one example, the resilient or viscoelastic support means comprise a layer of viscoelastic material extending in a closed contour so that the vibration generator, the transmission element and the layer of viscoelastic material form a closed enclosure.
Selon un exemple, le dispositif de vibration comprend au moins deux générateurs de vibrations.In one example, the vibration device comprises at least two vibration generators.
Selon une disposition avantageuse de l'invention, les vibrations générées dans le dispositif de vibration sont issues exclusivement d'un ou plusieurs générateur(s) d'ondes acoustiques, en particulier d'un ou plusieurs haut-parleur(s). Le dispositif de vibration selon l'invention ne comprend de préférence aucun générateur mécanique de vibrations.According to an advantageous arrangement of the invention, the vibrations generated in the vibration device come exclusively from one or more acoustic wave generator (s), in particular from one or more loudspeakers. The vibration device according to the invention preferably comprises no mechanical generator of vibrations.
Selon un exemple, le générateur d'ondes acoustiques émet des ondes dont la fréquence est comprise entre 10 et 1500 Hz selon le matériau. On utilisera, de préférence, une fréquence comprise entre 10 et 300 Hz, notamment entre 10 et 80Hz et plus préférentiellement encore comprise entre 15 et 50 Hz pour des vibrations acoustiquement non nuisibles.According to one example, the acoustic wave generator emits waves whose frequency is between 10 and 1500 Hz depending on the material. Preferably, a frequency of between 10 and 300 Hz, in particular between 10 and 80 Hz and more preferably between 15 and 50 Hz, will be used for acoustically harmless vibrations.
Avantageusement, la puissance maximale fournie par le générateur de vibrations ou l'ensemble des générateurs de vibrations s'il y en a plusieurs, notamment par le ou les générateurs d'ondes acoustiques, est supérieure à 500W, de préférence supérieure à 1000 W, encore plus préférentiellement supérieure à 2000W, préférentiellement inférieure à 50KW.Advantageously, the maximum power supplied by the vibration generator or the set of vibration generators, if there are several, in particular by the acoustic wave generator (s), is greater than 500 W, preferably greater than 1000 W, even more preferably greater than 2000W, preferably less than 50KW.
Pour obtenir une telle puissance, le générateur d'ondes acoustiques comprend généralement, en plus d'un ou de plusieurs haut-parleur(s) tels que défini(s) ci-dessus, un ou plusieurs amplificateur(s) de puissance couplé(s) au(x)dit(s) haut-parleur(s).To obtain such power, the acoustic wave generator generally comprises, in addition to one or more loudspeaker (s) as defined above, one or more coupled power amplifier (s) ( s) to the said loudspeaker (s).
Selon un exemple de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, l'élément de transmission adapté à recevoir le mélange à traiter comprend un moule, notamment un moule rigide, le générateur de vibrations comprend un caisson abritant le générateur d'ondes acoustiques, notamment un hautparleur, le caisson comporte au moins un évent dirigé vers le fond du moule, et les moyens de couplage comprennent des moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques sur lequel est monté l'élément de transmission, notamment le moule, de sorte que l'élément de transmission, notamment le moule, est translaté verticalement selon un mouvement de va-et-vient sous l'effet des vibrations émises par le générateur d'ondes acoustiques.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transmission element adapted to receive the mixture to be treated comprises a mold, in particular a rigid mold, the vibration generator comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator, in particular a speaker , the box comprises at least one vent directed towards the bottom of the mold, and the coupling means comprise resilient or viscoelastic support means on which is mounted the transmission element, in particular the mold, so that the element of transmission, in particular the mold, is moved vertically in a back-and-forth motion as a result of vibrations emitted by the acoustic wave generator.
Selon un exemple de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, l'élément de transmission adapté à recevoir le mélange à traiter comprend un moule, le générateur de vibrations comprend un caisson abritant le générateur d'ondes acoustiques, notamment un hautparleur, et les moyens de couplage comprennent des moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques sur lequel est monté l'élément de transmission, notamment le moule, et l'élément de transmission, les moyens d'appui et le caisson délimitent une enceinte fermée, l'élément de transmission, notamment le moule, étant translaté verticalement selon un mouvement de va-et-vient sous l'effet des vibrations émises par le générateur d'ondes acoustiques.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transmission element adapted to receive the mixture to be treated comprises a mold, the vibration generator comprises a housing housing the acoustic wave generator, including a speaker, and the means of coupling comprise resilient or viscoelastic support means on which is mounted the transmission element, in particular the mold, and the transmission element, the support means and the box delimit a closed chamber, the transmission element, in particular the mold, being translated vertically in a back-and-forth motion under the effect of the vibrations emitted by the acoustic wave generator.
La présente invention concerne également une machine de fabrication d'un élément moulé en mélange durci, notamment un élément de maçonnerie, comprenant un dispositif de vibration tel que défini précédemment.The present invention also relates to a machine for manufacturing a hardened mixture molded element, in particular a masonry element, comprising a vibration device as defined above.
La présente invention a en outre pour objet un procédé de vibration d'un mélange durcissable, notamment d'un mortier ou d'un béton, pour traiter ledit mélange, le procédé comprenant au moins la succession d'étapes suivantes :
- a) on fournit le mélange durcissable à traiter,
- b) on fournit au moins un générateur de vibrations comprenant un générateur d'ondes acoustiques, et un élément de transmission incluant un moule et couplé par des moyens de couplage incluant un fluide, notamment l'air, au générateur de vibrations,
- c) on introduit le mélange durcissable à traiter à l'intérieur dudit moule, et
- d) on active le générateur d'ondes acoustiques, ce par quoi l'élément de transmission et le mélange à traiter sont soumis aux ondes acoustiques dudit générateur d'ondes acoustiques.
- a) providing the curable mixture to be treated,
- b) providing at least one vibration generator comprising an acoustic wave generator, and a transmission element including a mold and coupled by coupling means including a fluid, especially air, to the vibration generator,
- c) introducing the curable mixture to be treated inside said mold, and
- d) activating the acoustic wave generator, whereby the transmission element and the mixture to be treated are subjected to the acoustic waves of said acoustic wave generator.
En particulier, le procédé de vibration selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour le compactage d'un mélange durcissable, notamment d'un mortier ou d'un béton, notamment l'évacuation des vides contenu dans ledit mélange et/ou la réorganisation des particules le constituant.In particular, the vibration method according to the invention can be used for compacting a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete, in particular the evacuation of the voids contained in said mixture and / or the reorganization of particles constituting it.
Selon un autre exemple, ou en complément de ce qui précède, le procédé est également adapté pour répartir un mélange durcissable, notamment un mortier ou un béton à l'intérieur de son moule.According to another example, or in addition to the above, the method is also suitable for distributing a curable mixture, in particular a mortar or concrete inside its mold.
De façon avantageuse, on règle la puissance efficace totale fournie par le générateur de vibrations ou l'ensemble des générateurs de vibrations s'il y en a plusieurs, à une valeur supérieure à 500W, de préférence supérieure à 1000 W, encore plus préférentiellement supérieure à 2000W, et préférentiellement inférieure à 50KW. Une telle puissance est nécessaire pour faire vibrer le matériau à traiter à la fréquence et l'amplitude voulue.Advantageously, the total effective power supplied by the vibration generator or the set of vibration generators, if there is more than one, at a value greater than 500 W, preferably greater than 1000 W, even more preferably higher, is adjusted. at 2000W, and preferably less than 50KW. Such power is needed to vibrate the material to be processed at the desired frequency and amplitude.
Pour obtenir une telle puissance, le générateur d'ondes acoustiques comprend généralement, en plus d'un ou de plusieurs haut-parleur(s) tels que défini(s) ci-dessus, un ou plusieurs amplificateur(s) de puissance couplé(s) au(x)dit(s) haut-parleur(s).To obtain such power, the acoustic wave generator generally comprises, in addition to one or more loudspeaker (s) as defined above, one or more coupled power amplifier (s) ( s) to the said loudspeaker (s).
Avantageusement, l'élément de transmission est monté sur des moyens d'appui élastiques ou viscoélastiques.Advantageously, the transmission element is mounted on elastic or viscoelastic support means.
Selon un exemple, on règle la fréquence de vibration en fonction de la masse de matériau à traiter.In one example, the vibration frequency is set according to the mass of material to be treated.
Selon un exemple, on règle la fréquence de vibration entre 10 et 1500 Hz, notamment entre 10 et 300 Hz, de préférence entre 10 et 80Hz et encore plus préférentiellement entre 15 et 50 Hz.According to one example, the frequency of vibration is regulated between 10 and 1500 Hz, in particular between 10 and 300 Hz, preferably between 10 and 80 Hz and even more preferably between 15 and 50 Hz.
De préférence, on utilisera, dans le procédé de vibration selon l'invention, un dispositif tel que décrit précédemment et défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.Preferably, in the vibration method according to the invention, a device as described above and defined in any one of Claims 1 to 11 will be used.
La présente invention concerne encore un procédé de fabrication d'un élément moulé en mélange durci, comprenant toutes les étapes du procédé de vibration tel que défini ci-dessus et comprenant, en outre, après ces étapes, une étape de démoulage de l'élément en mélange mis en forme à l'intérieur du moule.The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a molded hardened mixture element, comprising all the steps of the vibration method as defined above and further comprising, after these steps, a demolding step of the element in mixture shaped inside the mold.
L'étape de démoulage est réalisée lorsque le mélange est, au minimum, devenu suffisamment ferme pour conserver sa forme correspondant à l'empreinte du moule, une fois extrait dudit moule. Le mélange est dit « démoulable » ou « mis en forme ».The demolding step is performed when the mixture is, at a minimum, become sufficiently firm to retain its shape corresponding to the mold cavity, once extracted from said mold. The mixture is said to be "demoldable" or "shaped".
La durée nécessaire pour que le mélange acquière une telle fermeté diffère selon sa nature.The time required for the mixture to acquire such firmness differs according to its nature.
Le procédé de fabrication comprend donc généralement une étape de séchage, plus ou moins longue, après vibration et avant le démoulage.The manufacturing process therefore generally comprises a drying step, more or less long, after vibration and before demolding.
Plusieurs exemples de réalisation sont décrits dans le présent exposé. Toutefois, sauf précision contraire, les caractéristiques décrites en liaison avec un exemple de réalisation quelconque peuvent être appliquées à un autre exemple de réalisation.Several examples of embodiments are described in this presentation. However, unless otherwise specified, the features described in connection with any exemplary embodiment may be applied to another embodiment.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif. Cette description fait référence aux feuilles de dessins annexées, sur lesquelles :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de vibration selon un premier mode de réalisation de la présente invention ; - la
figure 2 est une vue de détail d'une presse vibrante intégrant un dispositif de vibration selon un second mode de réalisation de la présente invention ; - les
figures 3A à 3C illustrent différentes étapes de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic view of a vibration device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; - the
figure 2 is a detail view of a vibrating press incorporating a vibrating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention; - the
FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate different stages of implementation of the method according to the invention.
Sur la
Le générateur de vibrations 10 comprend un générateur d'ondes acoustiques, ici sous la forme d'un haut-parleur à membrane 12.The
Comme illustré schématiquement sur la
Le générateur de vibrations 10 comprend en outre un caisson 14, dans lequel est logé le haut-parleur 12. Dans l'exemple, le caisson 14 présente une forme de parallélépipède. Il comporte un fond 14a, une paroi latérale 14b, et, à son extrémité supérieure 14c, un orifice ou évent 16 dont la fonction sera définie plus en détail dans la suite.The
Comme illustré sur la
A son extrémité supérieure 14c, le caisson 14 est entouré par une ceinture ou jupe 50.At its
Cette ceinture 50 est fixée à la face latérale 14b du caisson 14 par un système de fixation 52 permettant le réglage de sa position, par rapport au caisson 14, dans le sens de la hauteur.This
A l'extrémité supérieure de la ceinture 50, et plus particulièrement sur son bord supérieur dirigé vers le haut, sont disposés des moyens d'appui 60.At the upper end of the
Ces moyens d'appui 60 sont, dans l'exemple, constitués d'une couche de matériau viscoélastique s'étendant selon un contour fermé tout le long du bord supérieur de la ceinture 50, c'est-à-dire sur tout le périmètre de ladite ceinture 50.These bearing means 60 are, in the example, constituted by a layer of viscoelastic material extending in a closed contour all along the upper edge of the
Selon d'autres variantes de réalisation, cependant, les moyens d'appui pourraient également comprendre une succession de plots en matériau viscoélastique, ou encore des ressorts métalliques, ou tout autre élément à comportement élastique ou viscoélastique.According to other embodiments, however, the support means could also comprise a succession of studs of viscoelastic material, or metal springs, or any other element with elastic or viscoelastic behavior.
Dans l'exemple, le fond 21 du moule 20 s'étend horizontalement, au-dessus du caisson 14, et plus particulièrement au droit de l'évent 16.In the example, the bottom 21 of the
Comme illustré sur la
Le principe de fonctionnement du dispositif de vibration 100 décrit ci-dessus est le suivant :
- Lorsqu'un signal est généré par l'ordinateur 40, ce signal est traité par l'amplificateur 42 puis transmis au haut-
parleur 12.
- When a signal is generated by the
computer 40, this signal is processed by theamplifier 42 and then transmitted to theloudspeaker 12.
Le moteur magnétique 15 du haut-parleur 12 transforme alors le courant électrique reçu en un déplacement d'une bobine créant un champ magnétique soumettant la membrane 13 à la force de Laplace. La membrane 13 reproduit le signal en effectuant un mouvement de translation reproduisant les variations du courant électrique reçu. Le déplacement rapide de la membrane 13 crée un mouvement de dépression et surpression des particules de l'air, à l'avant et à l'arrière de ladite membrane.The
L'air contenu à l'intérieur du caisson 14 forme donc un moyen de couplage entre le haut-parleur 12 et le moule 20, en permettant la propagation des ondes acoustiques arrière du haut-parleur jusqu'au moule 20. Les ondes avant du haut-parleur 12 sont ici émises vers l'extérieur du caisson 14.The air contained inside the
Sous l'effet du rayonnement sonore qui se fait par l'évent 16, et donc du déplacement de l'air en sortie de cet évent 16, le moule 20, monté sur ses appuis 60, se déplace avec un mouvement périodique et transmet sa vibration mécanique au matériau 30 qu'il contient.Under the effect of the sound radiation that is made by the
Dans l'exemple, le moule 20 étant réalisé dans un matériau non élastiquement déformable, non flexible, les moyens de couplage constitués par l'air contenu à l'intérieur du caisson 14 sont complétés par les moyens d'appui viscoélastiques 60 qui permettent le déplacement du moule 20 sous l'effet des ondes acoustiques propagées par l'air et assurent ainsi la transmission de la vibration, due aux ondes acoustiques, au matériau à vibrer 30.In the example, the
La
Sous l'effet de la vibration, le remplissage du moule est facilité. Le béton 30 est uniformément réparti à l'intérieur du moule 20. Comme illustré sur la
Par ailleurs, sous l'effet de la vibration, les bulles d'air 31 contenues dans le béton sont expulsées vers la surface.Moreover, under the effect of the vibration, the air bubbles 31 contained in the concrete are expelled to the surface.
Lorsque la vibration est terminée, le béton a été réorganisé tant au niveau macroscopique (répartition à l'intérieur du moule), que microscopique (suppression des bulles d'air, arrangement des particules du matériau).When the vibration is complete, the concrete has been reorganized both at the macroscopic level (distribution inside the mold), and microscopically (removal of air bubbles, arrangement of the particles of the material).
La fréquence, ainsi que la durée de la vibration, sont choisies en fonction de paramètres tels que la masse et/ou le volume du matériau à vibrer et/ou la nature de ce matériau (rhéologie, géométrie, propriétés mécaniques), etc.The frequency, as well as the duration of the vibration, are chosen according to parameters such as the mass and / or the volume of the material to be vibrated and / or the nature of this material (rheology, geometry, mechanical properties), etc.
La fréquence de vibration est par exemple comprise entre 10 et 1500 Hz. Elle peut être modifiée au cours d'un cycle de vibration. En particulier, le cycle de vibration peut se subdiviser en un premier cycle de vibration destiné à faciliter le remplissage du moule, et un second cycle de vibration destiné à densifier le matériau à l'intérieur du moule. Le second cycle de vibration peut être suivi d'un troisième cycle de vibration destiné à faciliter le démoulage du matériau solidifié.The vibration frequency is for example between 10 and 1500 Hz. It can be modified during a vibration cycle. In particular, the vibration cycle can be subdivided into a first vibration cycle to facilitate the filling of the mold, and a second vibration cycle for densifying the material inside the mold. The second vibration cycle may be followed by a third vibration cycle to facilitate demolding of the solidified material.
La
La presse vibrante 900 étant de type connu, elle ne sera décrite ici que succinctement.The vibrating press 900 is of known type, it will be described here only briefly.
La machine 900 comporte un bâti 90 et une trémie 92 destinée à contenir le mélange de sable, ciment, adjuvants, granulats et eau.The machine 900 comprises a
Elle comporte en outre un pilon 80 surmonté d'une traverse 82 comprenant, à chaque extrémité latérale, des coulisseaux 84a, 84b montés mobiles en translation le long de deux colonnes verticales 94a, 94b.It further comprises a
Le pilon 80 est actionnable par le biais d'un vérin de pilon 86.The
Le dispositif de vibration 200, intégré à la presse vibrante 900, comprend ici deux générateurs de vibrations acoustiques 110a, 110b, identiques à celui 10 décrit précédemment en liaison avec la
Chacun de ces générateurs de vibrations 110a, 110b comprend un caisson 14 et un haut-parleur à membrane 12.Each of these
Une ceinture 50, identique à celle décrite précédemment en liaison avec la
Un moule 120 comprenant une plaque de fond 121, par exemple une planche en bois, adaptée à venir prendre appui sur les moyens d'appui 60 et une paroi latérale 122 formée par une jupe ou un cadre rectangulaire en appui contre la plaque de fond 121, est destiné à recevoir le béton 130 issu de la trémie 92.A
Dans les presses vibrantes actuelles, des cadres de configurations diverses peuvent être adaptés sur une même plaque de fond, de manière à réaliser différents types d'éléments en béton.In current vibrating presses, frames of various configurations can be adapted to the same base plate, so as to produce different types of concrete elements.
Par exemple, dans le cas où l'on souhaite réaliser des éléments de maçonnerie tels que des blocs ou des pavés, la cadre 122 peut former une pluralité d'alvéoles de formes correspondant aux éléments à réaliser.For example, in the case where it is desired to produce masonry elements such as blocks or blocks, the
Le cadre 122 est mobile en translation le long des deux colonnes verticales 94a, 94b précitées, auxquelles il est relié par l'intermédiaire de coulisseaux 96a, 96b.The
Des vérins de démoulage 98 sont par ailleurs prévus pour remonter verticalement le cadre 122 et le détacher de la plaque de fond 121, permettant le démoulage du ou des éléments en béton comme il sera décrit dans la suite.
Un procédé de fabrication d'un élément en béton, à l'aide de la presse vibrante 900 telle que décrite précédemment, est décrit ci-dessous de façon à illustrer l'utilisation du dispositif de vibration 200 conforme à l'invention.A method of manufacturing a concrete element, using the vibrating press 900 as described above, is described below so as to illustrate the use of the
Dans une première étape du procédé, la plaque de fond 121 est déposée sur les appuis 60.In a first step of the method, the
Dans une seconde étape, le cadre 122 est déposé sur la plaque 121, par translation des coulisseaux 96a, 96b, vers le bas, le long des colonnes 94a, 94b.In a second step, the
Dans une troisième étape, le moule 120, constitué par la plaque de fond 121 et le cadre 122, est rempli de béton 130.In a third step, the
Dans une quatrième étape, le pilon 80 est descendu jusqu'à venir en appui sur le volume de béton.In a fourth step, the
Le dispositif de vibration 200 est alors mis en marche. Les haut-parleurs 12 des générateurs de vibrations 110a, 110b sont alimentés en courant, entraînant un mouvement de translation de leurs membranes. Sous l'effet de ce mouvement, des dépressions et surpressions successives sont créées à l'intérieur de chaque caisson 14. Ces variations de pression sont transmises au moule 120 par les évents des caissons, lesquels évents sont formés dans la face supérieure des caissons et placés en regard de la plaque de fond 121.The
La plaque de fond 121 étant supportée par des moyens viscoélastiques 60, elle se met à vibrer sous l'effet de ces variations de pression, transmettant sa vibration au béton 130 avec lequel elle est en contact.The
L'enceinte constituée respectivement par un caisson 14, la ceinture 50 qui l'entoure, les moyens d'appui 60 et la plaque de fond 121 étant fermée, il n'y a pas de déperdition des ondes acoustiques, et la vibration du moule 120 et de son contenu est optimale.The enclosure constituted respectively by a
Durant tout le temps de la vibration, le pilon 80 reste en appui contre le béton, à l'intérieur du moule 120.During all the time of the vibration, the
Lorsque le dispositif de vibration 200 est arrêté, le pilon 80 remonte.When the
Une fois le béton ferme ou démoulable, les vérins de démoulage 96 relèvent le cadre 122 pour l'éloigner de l'élément en béton moulé, qui peut alors être récupéré.Once the concrete closes or demouldable, the demolding cylinders 96 raise the
Le dispositif de vibration selon l'invention permet une vibration très efficace du béton. Le matériau est compacté. Il résiste mieux aux contraintes mécaniques, et présente un état surfacique très satisfaisant.The vibration device according to the invention allows a very effective vibration of the concrete. The material is compacted. It is more resistant to mechanical stress and has a very satisfactory surface state.
Des essais ont d'ailleurs montré qu'un dispositif de vibration selon l'invention permet de vibrer du béton aussi efficacement qu'une table vibrante munie d'un dispositif de transmission de vibrations mécanique, à balourd.Tests have also shown that a vibration device according to the invention makes it possible to vibrate concrete as effectively as a vibrating table provided with a device for transmitting mechanical vibration, unbalance.
Ces essais ont consisté à comparer les masses volumiques et les résistances à la compression de trois échantillons de béton de consistance plastique, placés dans des moules en verre identiques de diamètre 94 mm et de hauteur 200 mm.These tests consisted in comparing the densities and the compressive strengths of three samples of plastic consistency concrete, placed in identical glass molds with a diameter of 94 mm and a height of 200 mm.
Un premier échantillon (échantillon n°1) n'a pas été vibré.A first sample (sample # 1) was not vibrated.
Un second échantillon (échantillon n°2) a été vibré mécaniquement, sur une table vibrante classique, à la fréquence de 60 Hz durant 20 secondes.A second sample (Sample No. 2) was vibrated mechanically, on a conventional vibrating table, at a frequency of 60 Hz for 20 seconds.
Un troisième échantillon (échantillon n°3) a été vibré acoustiquement, à une fréquence de 20 Hz et durant 60 secondes, à l'aide d'un dispositif de vibration selon l'invention.A third sample (sample No. 3) was vibrated acoustically, at a frequency of 20 Hz and for 60 seconds, using a vibration device according to the invention.
Le dispositif de vibration acoustique utilisé comprenait un générateur de vibrations muni d'un caisson parallélépipédique de dimensions suivantes : une hauteur de 567 mm, une largeur de 440 mm, une profondeur de 400 mm, une section carrée de l'évent de 85 x 85 mm et une profondeur de l'évent de 140 mm. Dans ce dispositif, le haut-parleur débouchait dans un passage formé dans la face supérieure du caisson, dans laquelle était également formé l'évent.The acoustic vibration device used included a vibration generator equipped with a parallelepipedal box of the following dimensions: a height of 567 mm, a width of 440 mm, a depth of 400 mm, a square section of the vent 85 x 85 mm and a vent depth of 140 mm. In this device, the loudspeaker came out in a passage formed in the upper face of the box, in which was also formed the vent.
Les résultats de ces essais sont donnés dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous.
On rappelle que la masse volumique est un indicateur significatif de la teneur en air du béton et donc de la manière dont il a été compacté. La résistance à la compression est également un indicateur du bon compactage du béton, un béton bien compacté résistant mieux aux contraintes mécaniques.It is recalled that the density is a significant indicator of the concrete's air content and therefore of the way it has been compacted. The compressive strength is also an indicator of the good compaction of concrete, a well compacted concrete better resistant to mechanical stress.
Au vu de ces résultats, il apparaît que le dispositif selon la présente invention permet d'obtenir un béton présentant une masse volumique et une résistance à la compression aussi élevées que celles d'un béton identique vibré mécaniquement. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet donc de compacter le béton aussi efficacement qu'une table vibrante munie d'un dispositif de transmission de vibrations mécanique, à balourd.In view of these results, it appears that the device according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain a concrete having a density and a compressive strength as high as those of an identical concrete vibrated mechanically. The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to compact the concrete as efficiently as a vibrating table equipped with a device for mechanical vibration transmission, unbalanced.
Les exemples illustrés et décrits précédemment ne sont pas limitatifs de la présente invention.The examples illustrated and described above are not limiting of the present invention.
Ainsi, selon d'autres exemples de réalisation, un dispositif de vibration selon l'invention peut utiliser, non plus l'onde acoustique arrière d'un haut-parleur, mais son onde acoustique avant.Thus, according to other exemplary embodiments, a vibration device according to the invention can use, no longer the acoustic acoustic wave of a loudspeaker, but its acoustic wave before.
Selon un autre exemple, le dispositif de vibration selon l'invention peut comprendre plus de deux générateurs de vibrations.According to another example, the vibration device according to the invention may comprise more than two vibration generators.
Selon un autre exemple, une même ceinture, réglable en hauteur, peut entourer plusieurs caissons adjacents.In another example, the same belt, adjustable in height, can surround several adjacent boxes.
Par ailleurs, si dans les exemples illustrés, le caisson est toujours entouré d'une ceinture, celle-ci n'est pas indispensable, et les moyens d'appui peuvent aussi être directement placés sur le bord ou sur la face supérieure du caisson.Furthermore, if in the illustrated examples, the box is always surrounded by a belt, it is not essential, and the support means can also be directly placed on the edge or on the upper face of the box.
Dans les exemples illustrés, le caisson est complètement ouvert sur son côté supérieur. Selon un autre exemple, un évent de plus faible section peut être pratiqué dans une face, notamment la face supérieure, du caisson.In the illustrated examples, the box is completely open on its upper side. In another example, a lower section vent may be practiced in a face, including the upper face of the box.
Enfin, bien que la présente description ait été faite en prenant comme exemple le domaine de la construction, et plus particulièrement la vibration du béton préfabriqué, un dispositif de vibration selon la présente invention pourra aussi bien être utilisé dans tout autre domaine, par exemple le domaine de l'ameublement, dans lequel des matériaux doivent être vibrés, notamment pour être compactés.Finally, although the present description has been made taking as an example the field of construction, and more particularly the vibration of precast concrete, a vibration device according to the present invention may equally well be used in any other field, for example the furniture field, in which materials must be vibrated, in particular to be compacted.
Claims (18)
- Vibrator device (100, 200) for treating a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete (30, 130), the device comprising at least one vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b) and a transmission element (20, 120) including a mold adapted to contain the hardenable mixture for treatment, the device being characterized in that the vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b) comprises a soundwave generator (12) and in that the device (100, 200) further includes coupling means including a fluid, in particular air, between the soundwave generator (12) and the transmission element (20, 120).
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the coupling means further comprise elastic or viscoelastic bearing means (60) having the transmission element (20, 120) mounted thereon.
- Vibrator device according to claim 2, wherein the elastic or viscoelastic bearing means (60) are arranged on the vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b).
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the bearing means (60) comprise a layer of viscoelastic material (60) extending around a closed outline so that the vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b), the transmission element (20, 120), and the layer of viscoelastic material (60) together define a closed chamber.
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soundwave generator (12) comprises at least one loudspeaker.
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b) further includes a box (14) housing the soundwave generator (12).
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to claim 6, wherein the box (14) includes at least one vent (16) so as to form a Helmholtz resonator.
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to claim 7, wherein the vent (16) is arranged facing the transmission element (20, 120).
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the vibration generator further comprises a belt (50) surrounding the side wall (14b) of the box (14) and extending vertically beyond said wall (14b), together with means (52) for adjusting the height of said belt (50).
- Vibrator device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, including at least two vibration generators (110a, 110b).
- Vibrator device (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the soundwave generator (12) emits waves at a frequency lying in the range 10 Hz to 1500 Hz, preferably in the range 10 Hz to 80 Hz, and still more preferably in the range 15 Hz to 50 Hz.
- Machine for fabricating a molded element out of a hardened mixture, the machine including a vibrator device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
- Method of vibrating a hardenable mixture, in particular a mortar or a concrete (30, 130), in order to treat said hardenable mixture, the method being characterized in that it comprises at least the following succession of steps:a) supplying the hardenable mixture for treatment (30, 130);b) supplying at least one vibration generator comprising a soundwave generator, and a transmission element (20, 120) including a mold and coupled by coupling means including a fluid, in particular air, to the vibration generator (10, 110a, 110b);c) introducing the hardenable mixture for treatment (30, 130) into said mold; andd) activating the soundwave generator (12), whereby the transmission element (20, 120) and the hardenable mixture for treatment (30, 130) are subjected to the soundwaves from said soundwave generator (12).
- Vibration method according to claim 13, wherein the frequency of vibration is adjusted as a function of the mass of the hardenable mixture for treatment.
- Vibration method according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the frequency is adjusted to lie in the range 10 Hz to 1500 Hz, preferably in the range 10 Hz to 80 Hz, and still more preferably in the range 15 Hz to 50 Hz.
- Vibration method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the total effective power delivered by the vibration generator, or by the set of vibration generators if there is more than one, is adjusted to a value greater than 500 W, preferably greater than 1000 W, still more preferably greater than 2000 W, and preferably less than 50 kW.
- Fabrication method for fabricating a molded element out of a hardened mixture, the method comprising all of the steps of the vibration method according to any one of claims 13 to 16 and further comprising, after those steps, a step of unmolding the element made of mixture that has been shaped inside the mold.
- Fabrication method according to claim 17, further comprising, after vibrating the hardenable mixture but before the unmolding step, a step of drying the hardenable mixture inside its mold.
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FR1251234A FR2986723B1 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2012-02-09 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR VIBRATION |
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DK (1) | DK2626145T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2562754T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2986723B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE026427T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2626145T3 (en) |
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CN111283952B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2022-03-29 | 大连交通大学 | VR glasses forming device |
CN114083662B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-05-17 | 青岛市房屋建设集团股份有限公司 | Prefabricated wallboard preparation equipment of assembly type structure |
CN114953191B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-07-05 | 太原理工大学 | Ultrasonic wave generating device and concrete forming system |
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GB281019A (en) * | 1926-08-26 | 1927-11-28 | William James Palmer | Improvements in or relating to combination loud speaker devices |
JPH09150049A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-06-10 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | Stirring of powder, treatment of powder, powder stirring device and powder treating device |
US5821424A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1998-10-13 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Method and apparatus for analyzing the fill characteristics of a packaging container |
DE10232760A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-04-22 | Harald Winkler | Process for producing a composite stone and vibrating machine for use in the process |
FR2848903B1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2005-02-25 | Adler Sa | DEVICE FOR LOCKING THE SUSPENSION OF VIBRATING PRESS MOLDS |
US7278777B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2007-10-09 | Elsten Stanley E | Hand held concrete vibrator |
CN201518538U (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-06-30 | 陈进 | Vase-type sounder |
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2012
- 2012-02-09 FR FR1251234A patent/FR2986723B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-02-11 ES ES13154776.2T patent/ES2562754T3/en active Active
- 2013-02-11 EP EP13154776.2A patent/EP2626145B1/en active Active
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- 2013-02-11 DK DK13154776.2T patent/DK2626145T3/en active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2626145A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
FR2986723A1 (en) | 2013-08-16 |
HUE026427T2 (en) | 2016-05-30 |
PL2626145T3 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
ES2562754T3 (en) | 2016-03-08 |
DK2626145T3 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
FR2986723B1 (en) | 2015-04-17 |
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