Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
  • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
  • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
  • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
  • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
  • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
  • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
  • G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of electrically controllable glazings with variable optical properties and more particularly relates to a liquid crystal variable diffusion glazing, provided with a layer of liquid crystals between two glasses and reversibly alternating by application of an electric field. alternative between a transparent state and a non-transparent state.
• Glazes are known whose characteristics can be modified under the effect of a suitable power supply, especially the transmission, absorption, reflection in certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the visible and / or in the infrared, or the light diffusion.
• the electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing can be used everywhere, in both the construction sector and the automotive sector, whenever the view through the glazing is to be prevented at given times.
• WO9805998 discloses a liquid crystal multiple glazing unit comprising:
• the glasses are pressed by passing between two rollers to distribute the liquid crystal layer by evacuating trapped air as shown in Figure 3.
• this glazing can be improved.
• such a glazing is expensive, heavy, bulky, especially difficult to handle.
• An object of the invention is to develop a multiple crystal glazing reliable liquids, with satisfactory optical performance and preferably compact.
• the present invention firstly proposes a multiple glazing with variable diffusion by liquid crystals, having:
• first and second sheets of float plane glass sealed on the edge of their internal faces by a sealing joint in particular a given sealing material, in particular essentially organic,
• first and second electrodes in the form of transparent electrically conductive layers provided with power supply,
• a layer of liquid crystals reversibly alternating between a transparent state and a translucent state by applying an alternating electric field, a layer with an average thickness E of between 15 and 60 ⁇ , including these values and incorporating spacers, especially transparent.
• each of the first and second sheets of glass is less than or equal to 5.5 mm and each of the internal faces coated with the first and second electrodes have a dioptric defects score, expressed in millidioptrie
• the Applicant has discovered the relationship between the quality of the glasses and the optical performance of the multiple liquid crystal glazing.
• FIG. 1 shows, as reference glazing, an assembly of two standard thin glasses 10, 20, for example of 1.7 mm, facing each other, forming a space between them containing a layer of liquid crystals 5 thickness 15 ⁇ .
• the inner surfaces 11 ', 21' have flatness defects, the liquid crystal thickness is variable.
• the coated glasses In order to guarantee good optical uniformity, the coated glasses must therefore have limited dioptric defects.
• the glasses according to the invention ensure a sufficiently uniform thickness of the liquid crystal layer over the entire surface and therefore few variations in optical performance. This avoids a scrap rate of glazing and thus improves its reliability.
• a dioptric defect and a measurement method we define a dioptric defect and a measurement method.
• each glass sheet (coated or uncoated) in question can be described by y (x) where x denotes the position on the internal face.
• the variation of this profile can be characterized by the optical power in reflection POR which is defined by the following relation:
• This quantity is expressed in diopter (m "1 ) for y (x) expressed in meters.
• the second derivative y "(x) is zero, it means that the internal face of the glass is perfectly flat, if the second derivative is less than 0 it means that the inner face of the glass is concave of the glass and if the second derivative is greater at 0 it means that the inner face of the glass is convex.
• the method for measuring the flatness y (x) of the internal face of the glass is a non-contact optical measurement method which consists of analyzing the contrast at any point of a so-called ombroscopic image obtained by reflection of a homogeneous light source on the inner surface of the glass.
• the unmeasured outer face of the glass sheet is wetted with a liquid of index close to that of the glass in order to eliminate any reflection of the light on this face and keep only the image of the directly illuminated inner face.
• the flatness is thus measured every millimeter on the illuminated surface of the internal face.
• the final flatness is quantified by a rating of dioptric defects, which corresponds to the standard deviation of all measurements. This note, expressed in millidioptrie (mdt), perfectly characterizes the flatness of the measured surface. The note increases when the flatness deteriorates.
• the amplitude of the variation of y (x) also depends on the periodicity or pitch.
• a dioptric defect of 10 mdt corresponds to a profile variation of approximately +/- 0.20 ⁇ " ⁇ .
• the variation of space of an assembly of two sheets of glasses is then doubled, of approximately +/- 0.40 ⁇ .
• the same dioptric defect of 10 mdt corresponds to a profile variation of +/- 0.05 ⁇
• the variation of the thickness E of liquid crystals is therefore +/- 0.1 ⁇ in the worst case. case.
• the dioptric flaw pitch of a float glass sheet covers a range of a few millimeters to a few tens of millimeters. Being closely related to the uniformity of the liquid crystal thickness E, the uniformity of light transmission in "off" state is the consequence of all the dioptric defects at all steps.
• the uniformity of light transmission in "off" state is also conditioned by the average thickness E of CL.
• the dioptric defects of float glass are mainly related to the speed of movement of the glass (taken from the line). The faster the glass scroll speed, the greater the dioptric defects. For a capacity (or tonnage, daily) and a given gross glass width, the speed of glass scroll is inversely proportional to the thickness A of the glass sheet. Thus, the thinner the glass sheet, the higher the glass scroll speed and the greater the dioptric defects.
• the invention allows us to choose glasses thinner than 6 mm guaranteeing the quality of the final product.
• the invention allows us for example to use a thickness as small as possible while guaranteeing the optical quality of the final product.
• a thickness as small as possible while guaranteeing the optical quality of the final product.
• the electrode layer (s) has no significant influence on dioptric defects. Also if a "naked" float glass is suitable, glass coated with an electrode layer will also be suitable.
• the invention also makes it possible to produce multiple liquid crystal glazings with a width greater than 1 m.
• the thickness A of the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet is between 3 mm and 5.5 mm, including these values, in particular by production on a Float line; a capacity of at least 550 tonnes / day and preferably limited to 700 tonnes / day or
• the thickness A of the first sheet of glass and the second sheet of glass is between 2 mm and 5.5 mm including these values, in particular by production on a Float line with a capacity of at least 550 tonnes / day and preferably limited to 700 tonnes / day.
• the seal is of given width L and can preferably be interrupted in its width by a plurality of vents defining each of the lateral ends of the seal, and for each vent an additional sealant forms a bridge between the ends. lateral of the seal, in particular in said sealing material thus forming continuity of material.
• vents - supplemented by additional sealing - constitutes an invention in itself.
• it is coupled with the glasses as defined above with a limited thickness A and a limited diopter note.
• NCAP Nematic Curvilinearly Aligned Phases in English
• PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
• CLC Organic Liquid Crystal
• NPD-LCD Non-Homogeneous Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Display
• cholesteric liquid crystal-based gels containing a small amount of crosslinked polymer such as those described in patent WO-92/19695. More broadly, one can choose "PSCT” (Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture in English).
• the liquid crystal system may extend substantially over the entire surface of the glazing (excluding outgassing), or on (at least) a restricted area.
• the liquid crystal system may be discontinuous, in several pieces (for example of the pixel type).
• liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing as previously defined as glazing in vehicles or buildings.
• the glazing according to the invention can be used in particular:
• the glazing according to the invention can form all or part of a partition and other window (type transom etc.), a multiple glazing (with addition of additional glazing).
• the subject of the invention is also a process for producing a liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing unit as defined above and comprising the following steps:
• the formation of the sealing joint comprising the application of the sealing material (preferably essentially organic, in particular epoxy resin) to the first float glass sheet (at the edge) provided with the first electrode,
• the sealing material preferably essentially organic, in particular epoxy resin
• At least two vents are positioned facing a first sheet edge (straight or curved sheet) and at least two other vents facing a second edge opposite the first edge, these edges corresponding to the edges of the sheet. direction of calendering, in case of calendering.
• At least two vents are positioned opposite a third edge of the sheet adjacent to the first edge (and the second edge) and at least two other vents facing a fourth edge opposite the third edge.
• the method may further include the application of the additional sealant material, forming a bridge between the lateral ends of the seal.
• the additional sealing material may be of said sealing material thus forming continuity of material, preferably essentially organic, especially epoxy resin.
• the width between the lateral ends of the seal may be at least 5 mm, for example 10 mm.
• FIG. 1 (already described) represents a schematic sectional view of a reference liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing, not in accordance with the invention
• FIG. 2 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a variable liquid crystal variable diffusion glazing unit in a first embodiment according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of the measurement of the dioptric fault score
• FIG. 4 shows the principle of forming an ombroscopic image on a screen from a flatness profile of glass Y (x),
• FIG. 5 shows an example of local illumination profile E (x) and average illumination E0 (x),
• FIG. 6 represents a schematic top view of a liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing unit according to the invention showing in particular the seal and the vents,
• FIG. 6bis is a schematic top view of the multiple liquid crystal variable diffusion glazing, showing in particular and the seal and the vents, in a variant of FIG.
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic top view of the manufacture of the variable liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing according to the invention showing in particular the seal and the vents.
• FIG. 2 shows the design of the multiple liquid crystal glazing according to the invention in a first embodiment.
• ITO indium oxide and tin
• the liquid crystal layer 5 which may have a thickness of about 15 to 60 ⁇ , is located between the electrode layers 3 and 4.
• the liquid crystal layer 5 contains spherical spacers.
• the spacers 6 consist of a transparent hard polymer.
• the product of Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. known as "Micropearl" SP, has been found to be well suited as a spacer.
• glasses 1, 1 ' are chosen with their electrodes 3, 4 each with a dioptric defects score that complies with to the invention, note measured by ombroscopy in reflection.
• the basic principle is related to geometrical optics.
• the diagram of the assembly is shown in FIG.
• a luminous flux is projected from a fine source, such as a projector 100, onto the face of the glass sheet 11 (coated or not with the electrode) intended to be the face internal.
• a screen 300 is observed an image projected after reflection on the inner face 1 1 of the glass sheet. This image is captured by a digital camera 200 to be processed.
• the reflection on the second face 12 is neutralized through the use of a wet black fabric placed behind the glass 1 and on which is sticking the glass by capillarity.
• FIG. 4 gives the principle of forming an ombroscopic image on the screen 300 from a flatness profile of the glass Y (x).
• a concave zone on the glass causes a concentration of the reflected incident light 1 10 and thus a local over-illumination on the screen 300.
• a convex zone on the glass causes a spreading of the incident light reflected 120 and therefore a local under-illumination on the screen 300.
• FIG. 5 shows an example of local illumination profile E (x) and average illumination E0 (x).
• the contrast corresponds to the visual perception of "lineage” (dotted here since we consider a profile and not a surface) found on the shadow image projected on the screen.
• a processing software calculates for each pixel of the image, the contrast and therefore the optical power in reflection POR.
• the 2.1 mm glass rating is less than 22 mt
• the note of the glass of 3 mm is less than 1 1 mdt
• - the note of the 4 mm glass is less than 8 mts.
• liquid crystal layer it is also possible to use known compounds, for example the compounds described in document US Pat. No. 5,691,795.
• this product is mixed in a 10: 2 ratio with a chiral substance, for example 4-cyano-4 '- (2-methyl) butylbiphenyl, and this mixture is mixed in the ratio : 0.3 with a monomer, for example 4,4'-bisacryloylbiphenyl, and with a UV initiator, for example benzoin methyl ether.
• the mixture thus prepared is applied to one of the coated glass sheets. After curing the liquid crystal layer by irradiation with UV light, a polymer network is formed in which the liquid crystals are incorporated.
• the liquid crystal layer does not contain a stabilizing polymer but consists only of the mass of liquid crystals and spacers.
• the liquid crystal mass is therefore applied as it is without monomer additive, has a thickness of 3 to 20 ⁇ on one of the glass sheets 1, 1 '.
• Compounds for liquid crystal layers of this type are described, for example, in US 3,963,324.
• PDLCs such as compound 4 can be used.
• the liquid crystal layer is sealed by an adhesive sealant 5 which serves at the same time to connect the glass sheets 1, 1 'endowed with the electrodes firmly and permanently.
• the sealing adhesive material which seals the separate glass sheets 1 and 1 'on their edges contains an epoxy resin.
• the seal is of width L given and interrupted in its width by a plurality of vents 81 to 84 defining each of the joint lateral ends 71 to 74 '.
• the seal 7 is interrupted in its width by two vents 81 to 82 facing a first edge of the glazing and two other vents 83, 84 facing a second edge opposite the first edge, these edges corresponding to the edges of the assembly direction of the glasses, preferably by calendering.
• additional sealing material T forms a bridge between the adjacent lateral ends of the seal, in particular said sealing material thus forming continuity of material as shown in Figure 6a.
• this liquid crystal glazing 100 is translucent, that is to say it transmits optically but n is not transparent. As soon as the current is connected, the liquid crystal layer passes under the action of the alternating electric field in the transparent state, that is to say the one in which the vision is not prevented.
• the electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing is produced using a method described in detail below.
• Two separate glass sheets of equal size and the desired dimensions are cut from a large sheet of glass coated in this manner and prepared for further processing.
• the two separate glass sheets cut to the desired measurements first undergo a washing operation.
• the liquid crystal layer mixed with the spacers is then applied to one of the two glass sheets thus treated.
• the edge portion of the glass sheet 1 is not coated over a width of 1 cm. about 2 to 10 mm.
• the coating by the mass of liquid crystals is carried out using an operation called drip filling.
• a drip pouring apparatus is used which allows the deposition of drops of liquid crystals on a glass substrate, the poured amount being finely adjustable.
• a screen printing fabric of a mesh whose width is approximately 20 to 50 ⁇ and whose wire diameter is approximately 30 to 50 ⁇ .
• the adhesive layer forming the gasket 7 is likewise applied directly along the edge of the glass sheet 24 before or after the deposition of the liquid crystal layer. It may have a width for example of 2 to 10 mm.
• training is provided for the plurality of a plurality vents 81 to 84 of the seal size and distribution adapted to remove the excess liquid crystal layer, the vents 81 to 84 each defining two adjacent lateral ends 71 to 74 'seal 7.
• the application of the sealing material is either discontinuous or continuous and then followed by the creation of the vents (by removal of material 7).
• the adhesive layer 7 is compressed to the thickness E of the liquid crystal layer.
• Vents 81 to 84 serve therefore:
• At least two vents are preferably positioned on the front edge of the calendering and at least two vents on the rear edge of the calendering.
• the width of the lateral ends is an example of 10 mm.
• the polymerization operation is then carried out by irradiation with UV light.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Nonlinear Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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