EP2598695B1 - Carrying panel with elastic rail attachment - Google Patents

Carrying panel with elastic rail attachment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2598695B1
EP2598695B1 EP11720286.1A EP11720286A EP2598695B1 EP 2598695 B1 EP2598695 B1 EP 2598695B1 EP 11720286 A EP11720286 A EP 11720286A EP 2598695 B1 EP2598695 B1 EP 2598695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support plate
concrete support
concrete
rail
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11720286.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2598695A1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Gaerlich
Juergen Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Strabag Rail GmbH
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Strabag Rail GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Strabag Rail GmbH filed Critical Strabag Rail GmbH
Publication of EP2598695A1 publication Critical patent/EP2598695A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2598695B1 publication Critical patent/EP2598695B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/40—Tie-plates for flat-bottom rails
    • E01B9/42—Tie-plates for flat-bottom rails of two or more parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a concrete support plate of a supporting structure with elastic rail fastening, in which a ribbed plate is arranged above the supporting structure.
  • a fastening device which has a rail-laying plate with ribs for fastening a rail.
  • the rail-laying plate is comprised of a mounting plate having a rib on its underside. The rib engages in a groove on the top of a support plate. Between the mounting plate and the rail pad plate, an elastic intermediate plate made of plastic is inserted.
  • Rail fasteners for slab tracks require because of the required height and 9.justieriana while elasticity under the vertical load technical equipment for transferring the cornering forces in the usually existing concrete rigid substructure.
  • Known rail fasteners require a profiled substructure, eg concrete sleepers with a designed for the power dissipation shoulder construction. These are formed either in the form of beads or as vertical abutment on concrete sleepers or continuous concrete structures.
  • the rail fasteners are screwed directly on the concrete structure using anchor bolts, dowel systems and other fasteners according to known design principles.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a not directly screwed, ribbed plates having elastic rail fastening system on a bed support plate of a support structure.
  • the rail fastening according to the invention is designed for side adjustments in both directions up to 15 mm and allows height adjustments up to 50 mm without a bending stress of the screw connection between the attachment and the rigid concrete base.
  • the lateral forces are discharged into the concrete support plate 3 via an adjustment and force-deflecting profile 2 arranged below the ribbed plate 9.
  • one or more elastic intermediate plates 4 are made of elastomer to ensure the functionally required elasticity.
  • the lateral adjustment of the rail fastening takes place during the initial installation by a geometrically arranged longitudinal groove 5 under the rail fastening 1.
  • This longitudinal groove 5 is milled after surveying the determination of the position of the rail fastening 1 in the rail fastening 1 in the concrete 6 of the support structure 7.
  • the lateral guiding forces from the wheel / rail system are transmitted via the rail 8, the ribbed plate 9, a bar 10 fixedly connected to the ribbed plate 9 and the adjusting profile 2 into the supporting plate concrete 6 or concrete longitudinal bar 11.
  • This elastic element 15 for holding down the adjusting plate 2 may e.g. be formed as an elastomeric molding.
  • the Justierprofil 2 receives to secure its position in the installed state profiling in which the fastening screw 12 engages.
  • a height adjustment 9 height compensation plates 13 are inserted under the ribbed plate. At an adjustment height, which no longer properly ensures engagement of the adjustment profile 2, the adjustment profile 2 is replaced by an adjustment profile 2 'adapted to the installation and adjustment situation.
  • the base plates are fastened by bolts on the concrete sleepers.
  • the base plate has laterally two upwardly directed longitudinal ribs that secure the tracking.
  • the attachment of the rail on the base plate is effected by spring clips.
  • the spring clips are supported in recesses of the concrete sleeper.
  • the adjustment profile 2 is replaced by an adjustment plate 14.
  • the rail fastening 1 receives only one side of the ribbed plate 9 a stop bar 10. This ensures that the directed exclusively to track outside cornering forces can be transmitted with a track inside stop bar 10.
  • the rail fastening 1 can be secured by a proportionate arrangement of the stop bar 10 in the direction of the track outside against an undesirable track displacement after track.
  • the arrangement of the stop bar 10 track inside as an assembly aid and other occasions in track assemblies is possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Betontragplatte einer Tragkonstruktion mit elastischer Schienenbefestigung, bei der eine Rippenplatte über der Tragkonstruktion angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a concrete support plate of a supporting structure with elastic rail fastening, in which a ribbed plate is arranged above the supporting structure.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der EP 0 718 438 A1 ist eine Befestigungsvorrichtung bekannt, die eine Schienenunterlegungsplatte mit Rippen zur Befestigung einer Schiene aufweist. Die Schienenunterlegungsplatte wird von einer Befestigungsplatte umfasst, die an ihrer Unterseite eine Rippe aufweist. Die Rippe greift in eine Nut an der Oberseite einer Tragplatte ein. Zwischen der Befestigungsplatte und der Schienenunterlegungsplatte ist eine elastische Zwischenplatte aus Kunststoff eingefügt.From the EP 0 718 438 A1 For example, a fastening device is known which has a rail-laying plate with ribs for fastening a rail. The rail-laying plate is comprised of a mounting plate having a rib on its underside. The rib engages in a groove on the top of a support plate. Between the mounting plate and the rail pad plate, an elastic intermediate plate made of plastic is inserted.

Schienenbefestigungen für Feste Fahrbahnen erfordern wegen der erforderlichen Höhen-und Seitenjustierbarkeit bei gleichzeitiger Elastizität unter der vertikalen Belastung eine technische Ausrüstung zur Übertragung der Seitenführungskräfte in die meist aus Beton bestehende starre Unterkonstruktion.Rail fasteners for slab tracks require because of the required height and Seitenjustierbarkeit while elasticity under the vertical load technical equipment for transferring the cornering forces in the usually existing concrete rigid substructure.

Bekannte Schienenbefestigungen erfordern eine profilierte Unterkonstruktion, z.B. Betonschwellen mit einer für die Kraftableitung konzipierten Schulterkonstruktion. Diese sind entweder in Form von Sicken oder als senkrechte Widerlager auf Betonschwellen oder durchgehenden Betonkonstruktionen ausgebildet.Known rail fasteners require a profiled substructure, eg concrete sleepers with a designed for the power dissipation shoulder construction. These are formed either in the form of beads or as vertical abutment on concrete sleepers or continuous concrete structures.

Bei der in Nahverkehrssystemen gebräuchlichen Anordnung von Betonlängsbalken oder über die gesamte Gleisbreite ebenen Betonflächen lassen sich aus technischen Gründen und z.B. zur Sicherung der Entwässerung keine Längssicken oder andere über die Betonkonstruktion herausstehende Widerlager anordnen.In the case of the arrangement of concrete longitudinal beams or concrete surfaces which are flat over the entire width of the track in local traffic systems, it is possible for technical reasons, e.g. To ensure drainage, do not place longitudinal beads or other abutments protruding beyond the concrete structure.

Bei diesen Systemen werden die Schienenbefestigungen nach bekannten Konstruktionsprinzipien auf der Betonkonstruktion mittels Ankerschrauben, Dübelsystemen und anderen Befestigungsmitteln direkt aufgeschraubt.In these systems, the rail fasteners are screwed directly on the concrete structure using anchor bolts, dowel systems and other fasteners according to known design principles.

Als Nachteil dieser Direktverschraubung sind die eingeschränkte Seiten- und Höhenjustierbarkeit, sowie die Seitenkraftübertragung über biegebeanspruchte Dübel bekannt.The disadvantage of this direct connection are the limited lateral and Höhenjustierbarkeit, as well as the lateral force transmission over bending-stressed dowels known.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist ein nicht direktverschraubtes, Rippenplatten aufweisendes, elastisches Schienenbefestigungssystem auf einer Betentragplatte einer Tragkonstruktion herzustellen.The object of the invention is to produce a not directly screwed, ribbed plates having elastic rail fastening system on a bed support plate of a support structure.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is solved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenbefestigung ist für Seitenjustagen in beiden Richtungen bis 15 mm ausgelegt und ermöglicht Höhenjustagen bis 50 mm ohne eine Biegebeanspruchung der Verschraubung zwischen der Befestigung und der starren Betonunterlage.The rail fastening according to the invention is designed for side adjustments in both directions up to 15 mm and allows height adjustments up to 50 mm without a bending stress of the screw connection between the attachment and the rigid concrete base.

Erfindungsgemäß werden die Seitenkräfte über ein unter der Rippenplatte 9 angeordnetes Justier- und kraftableitendes Profil 2 in die Betontragplatte 3 abgeleitet.According to the invention, the lateral forces are discharged into the concrete support plate 3 via an adjustment and force-deflecting profile 2 arranged below the ribbed plate 9.

Unter der Rippenplatte 9 werden zur Gewährleistung der funktional erforderlichen Elastizität eine oder mehrere elastische Zwischenplatten 4 aus Elastomer angeordnet.Under the ribbed plate 9, one or more elastic intermediate plates 4 are made of elastomer to ensure the functionally required elasticity.

Die Seitenjustierung der Schienenbefestigung erfolgt bei der Erstmontage durch eine geometriegerecht angeordnete Längsnut 5 unter der Schienenbefestigung 1. Diese Längsnut 5 wird nach vermessungstechnischer Bestimmung der Position für die Schienenbefestigung 1 im Bereich der Schienenbefestigung 1 in den Beton 6 der Tragkonstruktion 7 eingefräst.The lateral adjustment of the rail fastening takes place during the initial installation by a geometrically arranged longitudinal groove 5 under the rail fastening 1. This longitudinal groove 5 is milled after surveying the determination of the position of the rail fastening 1 in the rail fastening 1 in the concrete 6 of the support structure 7.

Die Seitenführungskräfte aus dem Rad / Schiene - System werden über die Schiene 8, die Rippenplatte 9, eine unter der Rippenplatte 9 angeordnete mit dieser fest verbundene Leiste 10 und das Justierprofil 2 in den Tragplattenbeton 6 bzw. Betonlängsbalken 11 übertragen.The lateral guiding forces from the wheel / rail system are transmitted via the rail 8, the ribbed plate 9, a bar 10 fixedly connected to the ribbed plate 9 and the adjusting profile 2 into the supporting plate concrete 6 or concrete longitudinal bar 11.

Zur Niederhaltung des Justierprofils 2 bei der unter Beanspruchung intermittierend vertikal schwingenden Rippenplatte 9 wird zwischen Justierprofil 2 und Rippenplatte 9 bevorzugt ein elastisches Element 15 angeordnet. Dieses elastische Element 15 zur Niederhaltung der Justierplatte 2 kann z.B. als Elastomerformteil ausgebildet sein.To hold down the Justierprofils 2 in the intermittently under vertical stress vibrating ribbed plate 9 is preferably between elastic profile 2 and ribbed plate 9, an elastic member 15 is arranged. This elastic element 15 for holding down the adjusting plate 2 may e.g. be formed as an elastomeric molding.

Falls nach einer durchgeführten Montage noch eine Seitenjustage erforderlich sein sollte, so wird das unter der Rippenplatte 9 angeordnete Justierprofil 2 gegen ein solches mit justagegemäß korrekten Abmessungen ausgewechselt.If, after a completed assembly, a lateral adjustment should be required, then the adjustment profile 2 arranged under the ribbed plate 9 is replaced by a correct one with the correct dimensions.

Das Justierprofil 2 erhält zur Sicherung seiner Lage im Einbauzustand eine Profilierung, in die die Befestigungsschraube 12 eingreift.The Justierprofil 2 receives to secure its position in the installed state profiling in which the fastening screw 12 engages.

Bei Bedarf einer Höhenjustierung werden unter der Rippenplatte 9 Höhenausgleichsplatten 13 eingelegt. Bei einer Justagehöhe, die den Eingriff des Justierprofils 2 nicht mehr sachgerecht gewährleistet, wird das Justierprofil 2 gegen ein der Einbau- und Justagesituation angepasstes Justierprofil 2' ausgewechselt.If necessary, a height adjustment 9 height compensation plates 13 are inserted under the ribbed plate. At an adjustment height, which no longer properly ensures engagement of the adjustment profile 2, the adjustment profile 2 is replaced by an adjustment profile 2 'adapted to the installation and adjustment situation.

Aus der DE-B-1072639 ist eine Schienenbefestigung auf Betonschwellen mit Unterlagsplatten und Federklammern bekannt. Die Unterlagsplatten sind mittels Bolzen auf den Betonschwellen befestigt. Die Unterlagsplatte hat seitlich zwei nach oben gerichtete Längsrippen, die die Spurhaltung sichern. Die Befestigung der Schiene auf der Unterlagsplatte wird durch Federklammern bewirkt. Die Federklammern stützen sich in Ausnehmungen der Betonschwelle ab.From the DE-B-1072639 is a rail mounting on concrete sleepers with pads and spring clips known. The base plates are fastened by bolts on the concrete sleepers. The base plate has laterally two upwardly directed longitudinal ribs that secure the tracking. The attachment of the rail on the base plate is effected by spring clips. The spring clips are supported in recesses of the concrete sleeper.

Bei extrem hohem Justagebedarf von z.B. über 30 mm wird das Justageprofil 2 gegen eine Justageplatte 14 ausgewechselt.For extremely high adjustment needs of e.g. over 30 mm, the adjustment profile 2 is replaced by an adjustment plate 14.

Die Schienenbefestigung 1 erhält nur einseitig unter der Rippenplatte 9 eine Anschlagsleiste 10. Damit ist gesichert, dass die ausschließlich nach gleisaußen gerichteten Seitenführungskräfte mit einer gleisinnen angeordneten Anschlagleiste 10 übertragen werden können. Bei Anordnung der Befestigung 1 in engen Bögen mit kleinen Gleisradien kann die Schienenbefestigung 1 durch anteilige Anordnung der Anschlagleiste 10 in Richtung gleisaußen gegen eine unerwünschte Gleisverlagerung nach gleisinnen gesichert werden. Gleichermaßen ist die Anordnung der Anschlagleiste 10 gleisinnen als Montagehilfe und zu anderen Anlässen bei Gleismontagen möglich.The rail fastening 1 receives only one side of the ribbed plate 9 a stop bar 10. This ensures that the directed exclusively to track outside cornering forces can be transmitted with a track inside stop bar 10. In the arrangement of the attachment 1 in tight bends with small track radii, the rail fastening 1 can be secured by a proportionate arrangement of the stop bar 10 in the direction of the track outside against an undesirable track displacement after track. Similarly, the arrangement of the stop bar 10 track inside as an assembly aid and other occasions in track assemblies is possible.

Die Figuren 1 bis 6 stellen beispielhaft und schematisch mögliche Ausführungen der Erfindung und Teilansichten derselben dar. Einige bekannte Teile der Schienenbefestigung, z.B. die Federn/Klemmen sind darin der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt.

  • Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 zeigen eine Standardausführung der Erfindung auf einer Betontragplatte bzw. einem Betonlängsbalken.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine Detailansicht davon.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt eine Variante mit Höhenausgleich mit Hilfe einer Höhenausgleichplatte 13 und einem erhöhten Justierprofil 2'. Das optionale elastische Element ist in diesem Beispiel weggelassen.
  • Fig. 5 zeigt eine Variante mit Höhenausgleich mit einer Justageplatte 14. Das optionale elastische Element ist in diesem Beispiel weggelassen.
  • Fig. 6 zeigt eine Rippenplatte 9 in mehr Details. Fig. 6a zeigt einen Querschnitt, Fig. 6b eine Aufsicht. Die Leiste (Knagge) ist hier einmal auf der anderen Seite angebracht, bzw. die Platte horizontal gedreht. Die Leiste (Knagge) 10 kann dabei unterschiedliche Höhen aufweisen, z.B. die Rippenplatte um 9 oder auch 12 Millimeter unterragen.
The FIGS. 1 to 6 represent exemplary and schematically possible embodiments of the invention and partial views thereof. Some known parts of the rail fastening, for example, the springs / terminals are not shown therein for the sake of clarity.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 show a standard embodiment of the invention on a concrete slab or a concrete longitudinal beam.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of it.
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant with height compensation by means of a height compensation plate 13 and a raised Justierprofil 2 '. The optional elastic element is omitted in this example.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variant with height compensation with an adjustment plate 14. The optional elastic element is omitted in this example.
  • Fig. 6 shows a ribbed plate 9 in more detail. Fig. 6a shows a cross section, Fig. 6b a supervision. The strip (Knagge) is here once attached to the other side, or the plate turned horizontally. The bar (knob) 10 may have different heights, for example, the ribbed plate protrude by 9 or 12 millimeters.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Schienenbefestigungrail fastening
22
JustierprofilAdjustment profile
2'2 '
geändertes Justierprofilchanged adjustment profile
33
BetontragplatteConcrete slab
44
elastische Zwischenplatteelastic intermediate plate
55
Längsnutlongitudinal groove
66
Beton der Tragkonstruktion 7Concrete of the supporting structure 7
77
Tragkonstruktionsupporting structure
88th
Schienerail
99
Rippenplatterib plate
1010
Leiste / KnaggeGroin / cudgel
1111
BetonlängsbalkenConcrete stringers
1212
Befestigungsschraubefixing screw
1313
HöhenausgleichsplatteHeight compensation plate
1414
Justageplatteadjustment plate
1515
elastisches Elementelastic element
1616
LanglochLong hole
1717
SchwalbenschwanzfräsungSchwalbenschwanzfräsung

Claims (6)

  1. Concrete support plate (3) of a supporting structure (7) having elastic rail attachment of a rail (8) and integrated lateral force transmission for a fixed travel lane, wherein a webbed panel (9) of the rail attachment (1) is mounted on the flat concrete support plate (3) and one or more elastic intermediate plates (4) of elastomer are arranged below the webbed panel (9), and wherein a longitudinal groove (5) is arranged in the concrete support plate (3), into which an adjustment profile (2, 2', 14) arranged under the webbed panel (9) engages, characterised in that the webbed panel (9) has a bottom strip (10) which impacts against the adjustment profile (2, 2', 14), so that the lateral guiding forces are transmitted from the rail (8) via the webbed panel (9) and the strip (10) fixedly connected thereto and the adjustment profile (2, 2', 14) into the concrete support plate (3) of the supporting structure (7).
  2. Concrete support plate according to claim 1,
    characterised in that an elastic element (15) is arranged between the webbed panel (9) and the adjustment profile (2).
  3. Concrete support plate according to one of claims 1 or 2,
    characterised in that, in the case of a raised adjustment profile (2'), below the webbed panel (9) in addition to the elastic intermediate plate (4) a further height compensation plate (13) is located.
  4. Concrete support plate according to claim 3,
    characterised in that the adjustment profile (2') and the height compensation plate (13) are brought together to form a single component, the adjustment plate (14).
  5. Concrete support plate according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the concrete support plate (3) is formed as a concrete longitudinal beam (11).
  6. Concrete support plate according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that the strip (10) at the webbed panel (9) projects thereunder by 9 mm or 12 mm.
EP11720286.1A 2010-05-28 2011-03-10 Carrying panel with elastic rail attachment Not-in-force EP2598695B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010029433 2010-05-28
PCT/DE2011/075040 WO2011147412A1 (en) 2010-05-28 2011-03-10 Elastic rail attachment with in-line counterbearing for light rail traffic systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2598695A1 EP2598695A1 (en) 2013-06-05
EP2598695B1 true EP2598695B1 (en) 2016-07-27

Family

ID=44202036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11720286.1A Not-in-force EP2598695B1 (en) 2010-05-28 2011-03-10 Carrying panel with elastic rail attachment

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2598695B1 (en)
CN (1) CN202081352U (en)
DE (2) DE112011101821A5 (en)
WO (1) WO2011147412A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010038442B4 (en) * 2010-07-27 2016-10-06 Strabag Rail Gmbh Elastic rail direct fastening with height compensation option
CN104213477A (en) * 2014-09-22 2014-12-17 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Straddle type single-track double-box rectangular steel-concrete composite track beam structure
CN104213503A (en) * 2014-09-22 2014-12-17 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Straddle type single-track single-box rectangular steel-concrete composite track beam structure

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0718438A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 Heilit & Woerner Bau-AG Track superstructure comprising a continuous supporting slab and individual rail fastening means

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1072639B (en) * 1960-01-07 -Ing Hermann Meier München Dr Rail fastening on concrete sleepers with washers and spring clips
DE646867C (en) * 1935-09-10 1937-06-22 Deutsche Reichsbahn Rail fastening on rib support plates with spring-loaded clamps
DE1132573B (en) * 1961-05-27 1962-07-05 Meier Hermann Dr Ing Rail fastening on concrete sleepers with glued fastening parts
DE102004033724B3 (en) * 2004-07-13 2005-10-27 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh System for fastening a rail for rail vehicles

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0718438A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 Heilit & Woerner Bau-AG Track superstructure comprising a continuous supporting slab and individual rail fastening means

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011147412A1 (en) 2011-12-01
DE202011000572U1 (en) 2011-11-10
DE112011101821A5 (en) 2013-03-28
CN202081352U (en) 2011-12-21
EP2598695A1 (en) 2013-06-05

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