EP2564930A1 - Shredder - Google Patents
Shredder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2564930A1 EP2564930A1 EP11007033A EP11007033A EP2564930A1 EP 2564930 A1 EP2564930 A1 EP 2564930A1 EP 11007033 A EP11007033 A EP 11007033A EP 11007033 A EP11007033 A EP 11007033A EP 2564930 A1 EP2564930 A1 EP 2564930A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotation
- chopper
- cutting edge
- axis
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
- B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C18/20—Sickle-shaped knives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C2201/066—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage for garden waste
Definitions
- the shredding tool consists of a plurality of juxtaposed blade discs having cutting at its periphery.
- the cutting edges are approximately wedge-shaped.
- the axis of rotation of the crushing tool is arranged horizontally, and the supply of clippings takes place from above, ie in the radial direction to the axis of rotation.
- the invention has for its object to provide a shredder, which has a good self-closing of the cuttings and low noise.
- the proposed design of the shredder a very good degree of comminution and a large throughput are achieved in addition to the very good self-feeder. Since the clippings are not smashed, but cut with a pulling cut, the shredder works essentially without recoil. As a result, the noise, which is due to the hitting of the cuttings in the feeder, is significantly reduced in known choppers. In the pulling cut the clippings are better broken. This results in the composting due to the larger surface of the clippings faster decomposition takes place.
- the knife is advantageously designed as a perpendicular to the cutting disc aligned, spirally curved plate.
- the design as a curved plate results in a uniform, comparatively small thickness of the knife. As a result, a good crushing can be achieved.
- the cutting edge is advantageously formed on the axial, the cutter disk facing away from the front side of the blade. In plan view of the knife disk, the knife has an approximately sickle-shaped shape.
- the leading end of the cutting edge is arranged adjacent to the circumference of the cutting disc.
- the trailing end of the cutting edge advantageously has a distance to the circumference of the knife disk which amounts to approximately 10% to approximately 35%, in particular approximately 20% to approximately 30%, of the diameter of the knife disk. This achieves a good self-closing of the cuttings.
- the shredder has a scraper arranged in the housing of the shredder stationary.
- the scraper is arranged in particular within a circle described during the rotation of the cutting disc from the trailing end of the cutting edge.
- the rotating blades can rotate past the wiper unhindered, while in the region of the trailing end of the cutting edge of the knife arranged clippings is stripped from the scraper.
- the knife disc is driven by a drive shaft which extends through the space encircled by the knife during the rotation of the comminution tool. The knives and the drive shaft thus project away from the cutter disc in the same direction.
- the scraper extends over more than 50%, in particular over more than 80% of the distance measured in the radial direction to the axis of rotation between the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge and the drive shaft.
- the scraper extends within the scope of possible manufacturing tolerances over the approximately entire distance between the drive shaft and the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge.
- the scraper must not touch the drive shaft or the blade. The scraper ensures that no clippings between the blade and drive shaft can attach.
- an axial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the clippings are supported during the cutting process in the axial direction of the axis of rotation.
- a radial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the cut material is supported during the cutting process in the circumferential direction to the cutting disc.
- the clippings are therefore advantageous both in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction held on corresponding counter-holders and is pressed by the cutting edge against the counter-holder, so that a good crushing is achieved.
- On the radial counter-holder in particular an edge is formed, which serves as a counter-cutting edge to the cutting edge of the cutter disk arranged knife acts. As a result, the crushing result can be further improved.
- the contour of the radial counter-holder corresponds approximately to the contour of the rotating blade of the knife. It is provided that the radial counter-holder on the side facing away from the cutter disk to the axis of rotation has a distance which is smaller than half the diameter of the cutter disk. The radial counterholder thus protrudes into the area of the knife disc. The distance is in particular less than 40% of the diameter of the knife disc. Advantageously, the distance is matched to the distance of the cutting edge at this height to the circumference of the cutting disc.
- the self-closing can be improved if several knives are arranged on the cutter disc. This also a good crushing is achieved. Good comminution results in particular with a small distance between the knives and a small thickness of the knives. Particularly advantageous, the arrangement of four knives has been found. By arranging four knives on the knife disc a good self-closing is achieved. At the same time there is sufficient space between the knives, so that a setting of the clippings can be largely avoided. To ensure that the clippings can not be pushed too far, it is provided that the blades overlap in the radial direction to the axis of rotation.
- the following knife is already in engagement with the cut material. Due to the fact that the blades extend inwards in the direction of rotation, ie the distance between the cutting edge and the periphery increases, the trailing blade engages the cut material at a greater distance from the axis of rotation and pulls the cut material inwards, ie in the direction of the axis of rotation.
- the chopper has a drive motor which drives the comminution tool. It has been shown that comparatively low rotational speeds are sufficient for the intended crushing tool, which are well below the rotational speeds of known cutting discs with axial feed.
- the crushing tool is driven in rotation by the drive motor via a reduction gear, which is the Reduced speed accordingly. To be particularly advantageous has been found when the crushing tool is driven at a speed of about 10 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 200 U / min, in particular from about 25 U / min to about 100 U / min.
- RPM revolutions per minute
- the central axis 29 is perpendicular in a plane containing the axis of rotation 12 of the comminution tool 30, that is to say radially to the axis of rotation 12.
- a central axis 29 ' which denotes a feed from below
- the comminution tool 30 arranged in the chip chamber 4 has a cutter disk 10, to which several, namely four, blades 11 are fixed in the exemplary embodiment.
- the cutter disk 10 is arranged at the top, and the blades 11 protrude downwards.
- the knife disk 10 is driven in rotation by a drive shaft 9 about a rotation axis 12.
- the drive shaft 9 protrudes from below on the cutter disk 10 and penetrates the space circled by the knives 11 during the rotation of the comminution tool 30. Both the drive shaft 9 and the knives 11 thus protrude to the same side of the cutter disk 12, namely in the illustration in Fig. 1 downward.
- the blades 11 and the drive shaft 9 protrude in opposite directions from the cutter disk 10.
- the drive shaft 9 is driven in rotation by a drive motor 7 and a reduction gear 8.
- a comparatively low speed of the crushing tool 30 is advantageous. It has been found that good comminution results at a speed of about 10 rpm to about 200 rpm, in particular from about 25 rpm to about 100 rpm, are advantageous. Particularly advantageous is a speed of about 40 U / min to about 50 U / min considered.
- a discharge chute 5 is arranged, can escape over the shredded shredded material.
- the chopper 1 stands on feet 6 on the ground.
- wheels are advantageously provided with which the chopper can be pushed over the ground.
- the four blades 11 are arranged uniformly distributed on the cutter disk 10. Adjacent to the axial counter-holder 17, a holder 28 is fixed to the housing 3, which holds a scraper 20.
- the scraper 20 and the holder 29 may also consist of one part.
- the scraper 20 is formed in the embodiment as a cylindrical rod which extends from the region below the blade 11 to close to the cutter disk 10.
- the scraper 20 is adjacent in the radial direction and within the trailing ends 22 of the blades 16 of the blades 11.
- the scraper 20 protrudes close to the in Fig. 4 shown square opening 21 in the cutter disk 10.
- the drive shaft 9 is positively connected rotationally fixed to the cutter disk 10.
- another positive connection contour can also be provided.
- Fig. 7 shows in detail the design of the radial counter-holder 18.
- the edge 19 of the radial counter-holder 18 corresponds approximately to the contour of the passing knives 11.
- the knife disk 10 facing side 27 of the edge 19 has the axis of rotation 12 a distance e, which is only slightly larger than half the diameter d ( Fig. 10 ) of the cutter disk 10 is.
- the side facing away from the cutter disk 10 side 26 of the edge 19 has the axis of rotation 12 a distance c, which is smaller than half the diameter d of the cutter disk 10.
- the distance c is less than 40% of the diameter d of the cutter disk 10.
- the distances c and e are measured radially to the axis of rotation 12.
- the blades 11 protrude in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 12 beyond the radial counter-holder 18 also.
- the axial height of the blade 11 is thus greater than the axial height of the radial counter-holder 18th
- FIGS. 8 and 9 also show the arrangement of the crushing tool 30 and the radial counter-holder 18. Like the FIGS. 8 and 9 also show, the areas of the blades 11, which protrude from the plane of the blade disk, formed as a curved, triangular plates, which are fixed perpendicular to the blade 10 aligned on the cutter disk 10. At their trailing end 22, the cutting edges 16 of the knives 11 have a distance h from the cutting disk 10. The cutting edges 16 are each formed on the front side of the blades 11, which faces away from the cutting disk 10.
- leading and “trailing” refer to the direction of rotation in the crushing operation.
- the four blades 11 are arranged evenly distributed on the cutter disk.
- the leading end 25 of the cutting edge 16 of each blade 11 thus includes with the leading end 25 of the cutting edge 16 of the leading blade 11 at an angle of 90 ° about the axis of rotation 12 a.
- the trailing end 22 of each cutting edge 16 encloses an angle of 90 ° about the axis of rotation 12 with the trailing end 22 of the cutting edge 16 of the leading blade 11.
- the trailing ends 22 are at the periphery 24 a distance a, wherein the distance a of the cutting edge 16 against the direction of rotation 23, ie from the leading end 25 to the trailing end 22nd continuously enlarged.
- the clippings are continuously drawn into the chip chamber 4, 54 during the cutting process, so that self-closing is achieved in a simple manner.
- a different number of knives 11 can be arranged on the cutter disk 10. At least one knife 11 is provided. A larger number of knives may be advantageous for increasing the cutting performance. If the number of knives 11 is too large, however, the tendency of the chopper 1 to become clogged may increase.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Häcksler zu schaffen, der einen guten Selbsteinzug des Schnittguts und eine geringe Geräuschentwicklung besitzt.The invention has for its object to provide a shredder, which has a good self-closing of the cuttings and low noise.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Häcksler mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a shredder with the features of
Im Unterschied zu bekannten Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen erfolgt bei dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug nach der Erfindung ein Abschneiden des über den Umfang des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs zugeführten Schnittguts. Das sich vom vorlaufenden zum nachlaufenden Ende, also insbesondere von der vorlaufenden zur nachlaufenden Kante vergrößernde Messer führt einen ziehenden Schnitt durch das Schnittgut durch. Dadurch, dass sich auch der Abstand des Messers zum Umfang der Messerscheibe vergrößert, wird ein Selbsteinzug des Schnittguts erreicht. Das Schnittgut wird von dem in Eingriff befindlichen Messer zur Drehachse der Messerscheibe hin gezogen, so dass der Bediener das Schnittgut nicht nachschieben muss.In contrast to known comminution tools, in the comminution tool according to the invention, the cut material fed over the circumference of the comminution tool is cut off. The from the leading to the trailing end, so in particular from the leading edge to the trailing edge magnifying knife performs a pulling cut through the clippings. Due to the fact that the distance between the knife and the circumference of the knife disc increases, a self-closing of the Cuttings reached. The clippings are pulled by the knife in engagement with the axis of rotation of the cutting disc, so that the operator does not have to feed the clippings.
Durch die vorgeschlagene Gestaltung des Häckslers werden neben dem sehr guten Selbsteinzug ein sehr guter Zerkleinerungsgrad und eine große Durchsatzmenge erreicht. Da das Schnittgut nicht zerschlagen, sondern mit einem ziehenden Schnitt geschnitten wird, arbeitet der Häcksler im Wesentlichen rückschlagsfrei. Dadurch wird die Geräuschentwicklung, die bei bekannten Häckslern durch das Schlagen des Schnittguts in der Zuführeinrichtung bedingt ist, deutlich verringert. Bei dem ziehenden Schnitt wird das Schnittgut besser aufgebrochen. Dadurch findet bei der Kompostierung aufgrund der größeren Oberfläche des Schnittguts eine schnellere Zersetzung statt.The proposed design of the shredder, a very good degree of comminution and a large throughput are achieved in addition to the very good self-feeder. Since the clippings are not smashed, but cut with a pulling cut, the shredder works essentially without recoil. As a result, the noise, which is due to the hitting of the cuttings in the feeder, is significantly reduced in known choppers. In the pulling cut the clippings are better broken. This results in the composting due to the larger surface of the clippings faster decomposition takes place.
Besonders gute Schnittergebnisse werden erreicht, wenn die Mittelachse der Zuführeinrichtung in Richtung der Drehachse gesehen, also in der Projektion auf eine senkrecht zur Drehachse liegende Schnittebene, mit der radialen Richtung zur Drehachse einen Winkel von weniger als 45°, insbesondere von weniger als 30° einschließt. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Lage der Mittelachse der Zuführeinrichtung radial zur Drehachse herausgestellt. In der die Drehachse enthaltenden Ebene kann die Lage der Zuführrichtung in weiten Grenzen frei gewählt werden, solange die Zuführung über den Umfang der Messerscheibe erfolgt.Particularly good cutting results are achieved when the central axis of the feed device in the direction of the axis of rotation, ie in the projection on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation cutting plane, with the radial direction to the axis of rotation forms an angle of less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 ° , To be particularly advantageous, a position of the center axis of the feed has been found to be radial to the axis of rotation. In the plane containing the axis of rotation, the position of the feed direction can be freely selected within wide limits, as long as the supply takes place over the circumference of the cutter disk.
Das Messer ist vorteilhaft als senkrecht zur Messerscheibe ausgerichtete, spiralförmig gebogene Platte ausgebildet. Durch die Ausbildung als gebogene Platte ergibt sich eine gleichmäßige, vergleichsweise geringe Dicke des Messers. Dadurch kann eine gute Zerkleinerung erreicht werden. Die Schneide ist dabei vorteilhaft an der axialen, der Messerscheibe abgewandt liegenden Stirnseite des Messers ausgebildet. In Draufsicht auf die Messerscheibe besitzt das Messer eine etwa sichelförmige Gestalt.The knife is advantageously designed as a perpendicular to the cutting disc aligned, spirally curved plate. The design as a curved plate results in a uniform, comparatively small thickness of the knife. As a result, a good crushing can be achieved. The cutting edge is advantageously formed on the axial, the cutter disk facing away from the front side of the blade. In plan view of the knife disk, the knife has an approximately sickle-shaped shape.
Vorteilhaft ist das vorlaufende Ende der Schneide benachbart zum Umfang der Messerscheibe angeordnet. Dadurch kommt das vorlaufende Ende der Schneide in Eingriff mit dem Schnittgut, sobald dieses in den Bereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs zugeführt wird. Das nachlaufende Ende der Schneide besitzt zum Umfang der Messerscheibe vorteilhaft einen Abstand, der etwa 10% bis etwa 35%, insbesondere etwa 20% bis etwa 30% des Durchmessers der Messerscheibe beträgt. Dadurch wird ein guter Selbsteinzug des Schnittguts erreicht. Um ein Zusetzen des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit abgetrenntem Schnittgut zu vermeiden, ist vorgesehen, dass der Häcksler einen ortsfest im Gehäuse des Häckslers angeordneten Abstreifer besitzt. Der Abstreifer ist dabei insbesondere innerhalb eines bei der Rotation der Messerscheibe vom nachlaufenden Ende der Schneide beschriebenen Kreises angeordnet. Die rotierenden Messer können so ungehindert am Abstreifer vorbeidrehen, während im Bereich des nachlaufenden Endes der Schneide des Messers angeordnetes Schnittgut von dem Abstreifer abgestreift wird. Die Messerscheibe ist insbesondere von einer Antriebswelle angetrieben, die sich durch den bei der Rotation des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs von dem Messer umkreisten Raum erstreckt. Die Messer und die Antriebswelle ragen demnach in der gleichen Richtung von der Messerscheibe weg. Vorteilhaft erstreckt sich der Abstreifer über mehr als 50%, insbesondere über mehr als 80% des in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse gemessenen Abstands zwischen dem vom nachlaufenden Ende der Schneide beschriebenen Kreis und der Antriebswelle. Vorteilhaft erstreckt sich der Abstreifer im Rahmen der möglichen Fertigungstoleranzen über den annähernd gesamten Abstand zwischen Antriebswelle und dem vom nachlaufenden Ende der Schneide beschriebenen Kreis. Der Abstreifer darf dabei nicht an der Antriebswelle oder dem Messer streifen. Durch den Abstreifer wird sichergestellt, dass sich kein Schnittgut zwischen Messer und Antriebswelle anlagern kann.Advantageously, the leading end of the cutting edge is arranged adjacent to the circumference of the cutting disc. As a result, the leading end of the cutting edge comes into engagement the clippings as soon as it is fed into the area of the crushing tool. The trailing end of the cutting edge advantageously has a distance to the circumference of the knife disk which amounts to approximately 10% to approximately 35%, in particular approximately 20% to approximately 30%, of the diameter of the knife disk. This achieves a good self-closing of the cuttings. In order to avoid clogging of the shredding tool with separated clippings, it is provided that the shredder has a scraper arranged in the housing of the shredder stationary. The scraper is arranged in particular within a circle described during the rotation of the cutting disc from the trailing end of the cutting edge. The rotating blades can rotate past the wiper unhindered, while in the region of the trailing end of the cutting edge of the knife arranged clippings is stripped from the scraper. In particular, the knife disc is driven by a drive shaft which extends through the space encircled by the knife during the rotation of the comminution tool. The knives and the drive shaft thus project away from the cutter disc in the same direction. Advantageously, the scraper extends over more than 50%, in particular over more than 80% of the distance measured in the radial direction to the axis of rotation between the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge and the drive shaft. Advantageously, the scraper extends within the scope of possible manufacturing tolerances over the approximately entire distance between the drive shaft and the circle described by the trailing end of the cutting edge. The scraper must not touch the drive shaft or the blade. The scraper ensures that no clippings between the blade and drive shaft can attach.
Vorteilhaft ist an der Zuführöffnung ein axialer Gegenhalter angeordnet, an dem sich das Schnittgut beim Schneidvorgang in axialer Richtung der Drehachse abstützt. Insbesondere ist an der Zuführöffnung ein radialer Gegenhalter angeordnet, an dem sich das Schnittgut beim Schneidvorgang in Umfangsrichtung zur Messerscheibe abstützt. Das Schnittgut ist demnach vorteilhaft sowohl in axialer Richtung als auch in Umfangsrichtung an entsprechenden Gegenhaltern gehalten und wird von der Schneide gegen die Gegenhalter gedrückt, so dass eine gute Zerkleinerung erreicht wird. An dem radialen Gegenhalter ist insbesondere eine Kante ausgebildet, die als Gegenschneide zur Schneide des an der Messerscheibe angeordneten Messers wirkt. Dadurch kann das Zerkleinerungsergebnis noch verbessert werden. Vorteilhaft entspricht die Kontur des radialen Gegenhalters etwa der Kontur der vorbeidrehenden Schneide des Messers. Es ist vorgesehen, dass der radiale Gegenhalter an der der Messerscheibe abgewandt liegenden Seite zur Drehachse einen Abstand besitzt, der kleiner als der halbe Durchmesser der Messerscheibe ist. Der radiale Gegenhalter ragt demnach in den Bereich der Messerscheibe ein. Der Abstand beträgt insbesondere weniger als 40% des Durchmessers der Messerscheibe. Vorteilhaft ist der Abstand auf den Abstand der Schneide auf dieser Höhe zum Umfang der Messerscheibe abgestimmt.Advantageously, an axial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the clippings are supported during the cutting process in the axial direction of the axis of rotation. In particular, a radial counter-holder is arranged at the feed opening, on which the cut material is supported during the cutting process in the circumferential direction to the cutting disc. The clippings are therefore advantageous both in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction held on corresponding counter-holders and is pressed by the cutting edge against the counter-holder, so that a good crushing is achieved. On the radial counter-holder in particular an edge is formed, which serves as a counter-cutting edge to the cutting edge of the cutter disk arranged knife acts. As a result, the crushing result can be further improved. Advantageously, the contour of the radial counter-holder corresponds approximately to the contour of the rotating blade of the knife. It is provided that the radial counter-holder on the side facing away from the cutter disk to the axis of rotation has a distance which is smaller than half the diameter of the cutter disk. The radial counterholder thus protrudes into the area of the knife disc. The distance is in particular less than 40% of the diameter of the knife disc. Advantageously, the distance is matched to the distance of the cutting edge at this height to the circumference of the cutting disc.
Der Selbsteinzug kann verbessert werden, wenn mehrere Messer auf der Messerscheibe angeordnet werden. Dadurch wird auch eine gute Zerkleinerung erzielt. Eine gute Zerkleinerung ergibt sich insbesondere bei geringem Abstand zwischen den Messern und geringer Dicke der Messer. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich die Anordnung von vier Messern herausgestellt. Durch die Anordnung von vier Messern an der Messerscheibe wird ein guter Selbsteinzug erreicht. Gleichzeitig ist ausreichend Raum zwischen den Messern vorhanden, so dass ein Festsetzen des Schnittguts weitgehend vermieden werden kann. Um sicherzustellen, dass das Schnittgut nicht zu weit eingeschoben werden kann, ist vorgesehen, dass die Messer sich in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse überlappen. Bevor das Schnittgut von einem Messer vollständig durchtrennt wird, ist aufgrund der Überschneidung der Messer in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse bereits das nachfolgende Messer in Eingriff mit dem Schnittgut. Dadurch, dass die Messer in Drehrichtung nach innen verlaufen, also sich der Abstand der Schneide zum Umfang vergrößert, greift das nachlaufende Messer in größerem Abstand zur Drehachse in das Schnittgut ein und zieht das Schnittgut nach innen, also in Richtung zur Drehachse.The self-closing can be improved if several knives are arranged on the cutter disc. This also a good crushing is achieved. Good comminution results in particular with a small distance between the knives and a small thickness of the knives. Particularly advantageous, the arrangement of four knives has been found. By arranging four knives on the knife disc a good self-closing is achieved. At the same time there is sufficient space between the knives, so that a setting of the clippings can be largely avoided. To ensure that the clippings can not be pushed too far, it is provided that the blades overlap in the radial direction to the axis of rotation. Before the cut material is completely severed by a knife, due to the overlapping of the knives in the radial direction to the rotation axis, the following knife is already in engagement with the cut material. Due to the fact that the blades extend inwards in the direction of rotation, ie the distance between the cutting edge and the periphery increases, the trailing blade engages the cut material at a greater distance from the axis of rotation and pulls the cut material inwards, ie in the direction of the axis of rotation.
Vorteilhaft besitzt der Häcksler einen Antriebsmotor, der das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug antreibt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass für das vorgesehene Zerkleinerungswerkzeug vergleichsweise geringe Drehzahlen ausreichen, die deutlich unter den Drehzahlen bekannter Messerscheiben mit axialer Zuführung liegen. Vorteilhaft wird das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug von dem Antriebsmotor über ein Untersetzungsgetriebe rotierend angetrieben, das die Drehzahl entsprechend verringert. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich herausgestellt, wenn das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug mit einer Drehzahl von etwa 10 Umdrehungen pro Minute (U/min) bis etwa 200 U/min, insbesondere von etwa 25 U/min bis etwa 100 U/min angetrieben ist.Advantageously, the chopper has a drive motor which drives the comminution tool. It has been shown that comparatively low rotational speeds are sufficient for the intended crushing tool, which are well below the rotational speeds of known cutting discs with axial feed. Advantageously, the crushing tool is driven in rotation by the drive motor via a reduction gear, which is the Reduced speed accordingly. To be particularly advantageous has been found when the crushing tool is driven at a speed of about 10 revolutions per minute (RPM) to about 200 U / min, in particular from about 25 U / min to about 100 U / min.
Es kann vorteilhaft sein, das Schnittgut in einem weiteren Zerkleinerungsschnitt nachzuzerkleinern. Hierzu ist vorgesehen, dass der Häcksler eine Häckselkammer besitzt, in die das von dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug zerkleinerte Schnittgut eintritt und in der ein rotierend angetriebenes Häckselwerkzeug angeordnet ist. Das Häckselwerkzeug zur Nachzerkleinerung ist dabei insbesondere ein Häckselwerkzeug, bei dem die Zufuhr von Schnittgut in axialer Richtung zur Drehachse erfolgt. Der Antrieb des Häckselwerkzeugs erfolgt vorteilhaft ebenfalls über den Antriebsmotor. Zur Nachzerkleinerung kann jedoch auch ein Zerkleinerungswerkzeug vorgesehen sein, bei dem die Zufuhr von Schnittgut in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse oder in einem Winkel zur Drehachse erfolgt.It may be advantageous to comminute the clippings in a further comminution cut. For this purpose, it is provided that the chopper has a chopping chamber into which the cut material comminuted by the comminution tool enters and in which a chopping tool driven in rotation is arranged. The chopping tool for post-shredding is in particular a chopping tool, in which the supply of clippings takes place in the axial direction to the axis of rotation. The drive of the chopping tool is advantageously also via the drive motor. For comminution, however, a comminution tool may also be provided, in which the supply of cut material takes place in the radial direction to the axis of rotation or at an angle to the axis of rotation.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Häckslers,
- Fig. 2
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Gehäuses des Häckslers im Bereich der Zuführöffnung,
- Fig. 3
- eine perspektivische Ansicht ins Innere des Gehäuses im Bereich des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs,
- Fig. 4
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs und der Gegenhalter am Gehäuse,
- Fig. 5
- eine perspektivische Ansicht ins Innere des Gehäuses auf das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug,
- Fig. 6
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit dem Abstreifer,
- Fig. 7
bis 9 - perspektivische Darstellungen des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit einem Gegenhalter,
- Fig. 10
- eine Ansicht des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs mit Gegenhalter,
- Fig. 11
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Häckslers,
- Fig. 12
- eine schematische Ansicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic side view of a chopper,
- Fig. 2
- a perspective view of the housing of the chopper in the region of the feed opening,
- Fig. 3
- a perspective view into the interior of the housing in the area of the crushing tool,
- Fig. 4
- a perspective view of the crushing tool and the counter-holder on the housing,
- Fig. 5
- a perspective view into the interior of the housing on the crushing tool,
- Fig. 6
- a perspective view of the crushing tool with the scraper,
- Fig. 7 to 9
- perspective views of the crushing tool with a counterholder,
- Fig. 10
- a view of the crushing tool with counter holder,
- Fig. 11
- a schematic representation of an embodiment of the chopper,
- Fig. 12
- a schematic view of an embodiment of a crushing tool.
Das in der Schnitzelkammer 4 angeordnete Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 30 besitzt eine Messerscheibe 10, an der im Ausführungsbeispiel mehrere, nämlich vier Messer 11 fixiert sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Messerscheibe 10 oben angeordnet, und die Messer 11 ragen nach unten. Die Messerscheibe 10 ist von einer Antriebswelle 9 um eine Drehachse 12 rotierend angetrieben. Die Antriebswelle 9 ragt von unten an die Messerscheibe 10 und durchragt dabei den von den Messern 11 bei der Rotation des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs 30 umkreisten Raum. Sowohl die Antriebswelle 9 als auch die Messer 11 ragen demnach zur gleichen Seite der Messerscheibe 12, nämlich in der Darstellung in
Die Antriebswelle 9 ist über einen Antriebsmotor 7 und ein Untersetzungsgetriebe 8 rotierend angetrieben. Dabei ist eine vergleichsweise geringe Drehzahl des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs 30 von Vorteil. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass gute Zerkleinerungsergebnisse mit einer Drehzahl von etwa 10 U/min bis etwa 200 U/min, insbesondere von etwa 25 U/min bis etwa 100 U/min vorteilhaft sind. Als besonders vorteilhaft wird eine Drehzahl von etwa 40 U/min bis etwa 50 U/min angesehen.The
Am Gehäuse 3 ist ein Auswurfschacht 5 angeordnet, über den zerkleinertes Häckselgut austreten kann. Der Häcksler 1 steht über Standfüße 6 auf dem Boden auf. Zusätzlich sind vorteilhaft Räder vorgesehen, mit denen der Häcksler über den Boden geschoben werden kann.On the
Die Antriebswelle 9 ist am Gehäuse 3 mit dem in
Wie
Im Zerkleinerungsbetrieb rotiert das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug 30 in einer Drehrichtung 23. Wie
Auch die
Die
Die vier Messer 11 sind gleichmäßig verteilt an der Messerscheibe angeordnet. Das vorlaufende Ende 25 der Schneide 16 jedes Messers 11 schließt damit mit dem vorlaufenden Ende 25 der Schneide 16 des vorlaufenden Messers 11 einen Winkel von 90° um die Drehachse 12 ein. Entsprechend schließt das nachlaufende Ende 22 jeder Schneide 16 mit dem nachlaufenden Ende 22 der Schneide 16 des vorlaufenden Messers 11 einen Winkel von 90° um die Drehachse 12 ein. Wie
Bei der Rotation um die Drehachse 12 beschreiben die nachlaufenden Enden 22 der Messer 11 einen Kreis 31. Innerhalb dieses Kreises 31 liegt der Abstreifer 20. Die Antriebswelle 9, die in
Die Seite 26 der Kante 19 ragt in der in
In
Auch bei dem in den
Dadurch, dass sich der Abstand der Messer 11 zum Umfang 24 der Messerscheibe 10 kontinuierlich vergrößert, wird das Schnittgut beim Schneidvorgang kontinuierlich in die Schnitzelkammer 4, 54 eingezogen, so dass auf einfache Weise ein Selbsteinzug erreicht wird. An der Messerscheibe 10 kann auch eine andere Anzahl von Messern 11 angeordnet werden. Es ist mindestens ein Messer 11 vorgesehen. Eine größere Anzahl von Messern kann zur Erhöhung der Schnittleistung vorteilhaft sein. Bei zu großer Anzahl von Messern 11 kann allerdings die Verstopfungsneigung des Häckslers 1 zunehmen.Due to the fact that the distance between the
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Häcksler (1, 51) eine Zuführeinrichtung für Schnittgut besitzt, deren Mittelachse (29) in Richtung der Drehachse (12) gesehen mit der radialen Richtung zur Drehachse (12) einen Winkel (α) von weniger als 45°, insbesondere weniger als 30° einschließt.Chopper according to claim 1,
characterized in that the shredder (1, 51) has a feed device for cut material, the central axis (29) in the direction of the rotation axis (12) with the radial direction to the rotation axis (12) an angle (α) of less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messer (11) als senkrecht zur Messerscheibe ausgerichtete, spiralförmig gebogene Platte ausgebildet ist, wobei die Schneide (16) an der axialen, der Messerscheibe (10) abgewandt liegenden Stirnseite des Messers (11) ausgebildet ist.Chopper according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the blade (11) is designed as a plate perpendicular to the blade aligned, spirally curved plate, wherein the cutting edge (16) on the axial, the cutter disk (10) facing away from the end face of the blade (11) is formed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorlaufende Ende (25) der Schneide (16) benachbart zum Umfang (24) der Messerscheibe (10) angeordnet ist.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the leading end (25) of the cutting edge (16) adjacent to the circumference (24) of the cutter disc (10) is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nachlaufende Ende (22) der Schneide (16) zum Umfang (24) der Messerscheibe (10) einen Abstand (a) besitzt, der etwa 10% bis etwa 35%, insbesondere etwa 20% bis etwa 30% des Durchmessers (d) der Messerscheibe (10) beträgt.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the trailing end (22) of the cutting edge (16) to the periphery (24) of the knife disc (10) has a distance (a) of from about 10% to about 35%, especially from about 20% to about 30% of the Diameter (d) of the knife disc (10).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Häcksler (1, 51) einen ortsfest im Gehäuse (3) des Häckslers (1,51) angeordneten Abstreifer (20) besitzt, der innerhalb eines bei der Rotation der Messerscheibe (10) vom nachlaufenden Ende (22) der Schneide (16) beschriebenen Kreises (31) angeordnet ist.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the chopper (1, 51) has a stationary in the housing (3) of the chopper (1.51) arranged scraper (20) within a in the rotation of the knife disc (10) from the trailing end (22) of the Cutting edge (16) described circle (31) is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messerscheibe (10) von einer Antriebswelle (9) angetrieben ist, die sich durch den bei der Rotation des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs von dem Messer (11) umkreisten Raum erstreckt.Chopper according to claim 6,
characterized in that the cutter disc (10) is driven by a drive shaft (9) extending through the space encircled by the blade (11) during the rotation of the grinding tool.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstreifer (20) sich über mehr als 50%, insbesondere über mehr als 80% des in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse (12) gemessenen Abstands (f) zwischen dem vom nachlaufenden Ende (22) der Schneide (16) beschriebenen Kreis (31) und der Antriebswelle (9) erstreckt.Chopper according to claim 7,
characterized in that the scraper (20) over more than 50%, in particular more than 80% of the measured in the radial direction to the axis of rotation (12) distance (f) between the trailing end (22) of the cutting edge (16) described Circuit (31) and the drive shaft (9) extends.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Zuführöffnung (15) ein axialer Gegenhalter (17) angeordnet ist, an dem sich das Schnittgut beim Schneidvorgang in axialer Richtung der Drehachse (12) abstützt.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that at the feed opening (15) an axial counter-holder (17) is arranged, on which the cut material during the cutting operation in the axial direction of the axis of rotation (12) is supported.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Zuführöffnung (15) ein radialer Gegenhalter (18) angeordnet ist, an dem sich das Schnittgut beim Schneidvorgang in Umfangsrichtung zur Messerscheibe (10) abstützt.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that at the feed opening (15) has a radial counter-holder (18) is arranged, on which the clippings during the cutting process in the circumferential direction to the cutting disc (10) is supported.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der radiale Gegenhalter (18) an der der Messerscheibe (10) abgewandt liegenden Seite zur Drehachse (12) einen Abstand (c) besitzt, der kleiner als der halbe Durchmesser (d) der Messerscheibe (10) ist, wobei der Abstand (c) insbesondere weniger als 40% des Durchmessers (d) der Messerscheibe (10) beträgt.Chopper according to claim 10,
characterized in that the radial counter - holder (18) on the side facing away from the cutter disk (10) to the rotation axis (12) has a distance (c) which is smaller than half the diameter (d) of the cutter disk (10), wherein Distance (c) is in particular less than 40% of the diameter (d) of the cutting disc (10).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Messerscheibe (10) mehrere, insbesondere vier Messer (11) angeordnet sind, wobei sich die Messer (11) insbesondere in radialer Richtung zur Drehachse (12) überlappen.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that on the cutter disk (10) a plurality, in particular four knives (11) are arranged, wherein the blades (11) overlap in particular in the radial direction to the axis of rotation (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Häcksler (1, 51) einen Antriebsmotor (7) besitzt, der das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug (30) über ein Untersetzungsgetriebe (8) rotierend antreibt.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that the chopper (1, 51) has a drive motor (7) which rotatably drives the comminution tool (30) via a reduction gear (8).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug (30) mit einer Drehzahl von etwa 10 U/min bis etwa 200 U/min, insbesondere von etwa 25 U/min bis etwa 100 U/min angetrieben ist.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized in that the comminution tool (30) is driven at a speed of about 10 U / min to about 200 U / min, in particular from about 25 U / min to about 100 U / min.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Häcksler (51) eine Nachzerkleinerungskammer besitzt, in die das von dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug (30) zerkleinerte Schnittgut eintritt und in der ein rotierend angetriebenes Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug angeordnet ist.Chopper according to one of claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that the chopper (51) has a Nachzerkleinerungskammer, in which the cut of the crushing tool (30) cut material enters and in which a rotationally driven Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug is arranged.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11007033.1A EP2564930B1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2011-08-30 | Shredder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11007033.1A EP2564930B1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2011-08-30 | Shredder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2564930A1 true EP2564930A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
EP2564930B1 EP2564930B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
Family
ID=44674073
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11007033.1A Active EP2564930B1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2011-08-30 | Shredder |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2564930B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107829394A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-23 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Reducing mechanism and suction nozzle of sweeping car |
CN113842991A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-28 | 四川眉山中达机械有限公司 | Grinding composite material crushing machine |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3528507C1 (en) * | 1985-07-27 | 1987-01-22 | Cramer Technik Gmbh | Device for shredding shredded and shredded material |
DE4406675A1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-15 | Erdwich Zerkleinerungs Systeme | Device for cutting comminution of materials |
DE4427700A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 | 1996-02-15 | Lescha Maschf Gmbh | Device for shredding garden waste |
DE19612024A1 (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Steinmax Werkzeuge Gmbh | Disintegrator for wooden cut pieces |
DE20320044U1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2004-03-04 | Viking Gmbh | Knife disc with fangs for a chopper |
-
2011
- 2011-08-30 EP EP11007033.1A patent/EP2564930B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3528507C1 (en) * | 1985-07-27 | 1987-01-22 | Cramer Technik Gmbh | Device for shredding shredded and shredded material |
DE4406675A1 (en) | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-15 | Erdwich Zerkleinerungs Systeme | Device for cutting comminution of materials |
DE4427700A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 | 1996-02-15 | Lescha Maschf Gmbh | Device for shredding garden waste |
DE19612024A1 (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-02 | Steinmax Werkzeuge Gmbh | Disintegrator for wooden cut pieces |
DE20320044U1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2004-03-04 | Viking Gmbh | Knife disc with fangs for a chopper |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107829394A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-23 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Reducing mechanism and suction nozzle of sweeping car |
CN113842991A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-28 | 四川眉山中达机械有限公司 | Grinding composite material crushing machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2564930B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
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