EP2561392A1 - Vorrichtung zur abbildung einer probenoberfläche - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur abbildung einer probenoberflächeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2561392A1 EP2561392A1 EP11716829A EP11716829A EP2561392A1 EP 2561392 A1 EP2561392 A1 EP 2561392A1 EP 11716829 A EP11716829 A EP 11716829A EP 11716829 A EP11716829 A EP 11716829A EP 2561392 A1 EP2561392 A1 EP 2561392A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- confocal
- sample
- topography
- raman
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001344 confocal Raman microscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010226 confocal imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/006—Optical details of the image generation focusing arrangements; selection of the plane to be imaged
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for imaging the surface, in particular surface of a sample by scanning a plurality of substantially point-shaped regions of the surface by means of confocal microscopy.
- confocal microscopy a confocal imaging of the substantially punctiform region of the surface takes place through a detector located in the image plane.
- the invention relates to so-called confocal Raman and / or fluorescence microscopes or devices for confocal fluorescence and / or Raman microscopy, but without being limited thereto.
- Device for determining the topography of a surface which can be imaged using confocal microscopy or confocal Raman and / or fluorescence microscopy.
- Raman measurements or fluorescence measurements it is possible to excite a sample with a light source, for example a laser light source, and on the basis of the Raman signal emitted by the sample or
- Fluorescence signal chemically different materials of the sample.
- the light of a light source is passed through a lens on the way to the sample and thus focused on a substantially punctiform area or point of the sample surface.
- the objective can be used to pick up the light emitted by the specimen, in particular the emitted Raman or fluorescence light, and to conduct it to a detector. With the aid of the objective, it is thus possible to confocally confine a point or a substantially punctiform region of the sample
- Illustration is a substantially punctiform light source, preferably a laser light source, imaged on a resulting from the wave nature of the light focus (Abbe condition) or a substantially point-shaped area, ideally to a point of the sample. Subsequently, this pixel is preferably focused with the same lens, that is with the same lens on a pinhole, a so-called pinhole, in front of a detector. Instead of arranging a separate pinhole in front of the detector, it would also be possible for the detector itself to represent the pinhole. If the confocal image is used for microscopy, then a significant increase in the image contrast is achieved since only the focal plane of the objective contributes to the imaging.
- the confocal measurement has in many applications, eg. B. Raman and / or fluorescence measurements advantages, since an existing scattered light background is suppressed very strong.
- the problem with confocal measurements or confocal microscopy is that due to drift, sample unevenness, roughness, but also tilting of the sample, the plane or surface to be imaged, in particular the surface when scanning the sample, does not remain in the focal plane.
- confocal light microscopy reference is made to DE 199 02 234 A1, in which a microscope with a confocal objective is described in detail.
- a confocal Raman and / or fluorescence microscope is from the
- US Pat. No. 5,581,082 discloses an AFM microscope or STM microscope which is combined with a confocal microscope. With the AFM tip, the sample can be scanned in the microscope known from US Pat. No. 5,581,082, in particular also in the z-direction. In US 5,581,082 depth information is obtained using the AFM tip. During the AFM measurement, in particular the AFM topography measurement, also recorded optical signals, so that the topography data obtained from the AFM topography measurement can be correlated with the optical data. In US Pat. No. 5,581,082, the confocal measurement is always performed simultaneously with the topography measurement. A disadvantage of US Pat. No.
- 5,581,082 is the limited scan range, which is in the range from 100 .mu.m to a maximum of 300 .mu.m in the xy plane. Furthermore, with the AFM tip in z-direction only depth information maximum in the range 5-10 pm can be provided. Thus, US Pat. No. 5,581,082 does not permit measurements of sample areas> 300 pm and roughnesses> 10 pm.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device with which the disadvantages of the prior art can be avoided.
- this object is achieved in a first aspect of the invention in that a device for imaging a plane or surface, in particular a sample surface with a topography with the aid of confocal Microscopy, in particular confocal Raman and / or fluorescence microscopy is provided, wherein values for the topography of the surface by means of a surface topography, preferably a non-tactile
- Surface sensor to be determined and using the values for the topography of the surface of the surface to be imaged, in particular surface, when scanning in the confocal plane for confocal microscopy, in particular Raman and / or fluorescence microscopy spent.
- the determination of the surface topography according to the invention makes it possible to remain on the surface during a subsequent Raman measurement or to measure it at a defined depth.
- the measured topography is stored, processed and subsequently traced.
- a control is used to keep the sample in focus (or a plane parallel thereto) (1-step process).
- the image of the plane or surface, in particular surface with confocal microscopy, in particular Raman and / or fluorescence microscopy, is obtained by screening a plurality of substantially point-shaped regions of the plane or surface, in particular surface with a device for confocal imaging of the substantially point-like Area of the plane or surface, in particular surface in a focal plane to a detector achieved.
- the sample can be held in two ways while knowing the values of the surface topography in the confocal plane or focal plane.
- a first embodiment of the invention two-stage process
- Sample level is mapped.
- the values for the surface topography are used in this device to move the sample so that the plane to be imaged when scanning the sample by means of a confocal
- Microscope in particular a confocal Raman or fluorescence microscope in the focal plane of the confocal microscope, remains independent of
- a value for the surface topography is first determined at a substantially point-shaped region of the sample, the sample is placed in the focal plane or confocal plane of the plane to be imaged, and then this region confocal, z.
- This type of device is characterized in that
- the sample When scanning, the sample is first placed on a substantially point-shaped area, determined a value for the topography of the surface and moved with the value for the topography of the sample in the confocal plane and the substantially point-shaped area is mapped;
- Surface topography using a surface topography in particular a non-tactile surface topography sensor, for example, a confocal chromatic sensor takes place.
- a confocal chromatic sensor has been exemplified herein as a surface topography sensor, the invention is by no means limited thereto.
- Surface topography sensors can be any type of non-tactile or tactile sensors that can obtain information about the topography of a sample surface. Examples of tactile sensors are, for example, surface topography sensors, which are referred to as so-called profilometers, or stylus cutters
- non-tactile or non-tactile sensors are essentially optical sensors based on surface topography sensors
- White light interferometer a triangulation sensor, a laser scanning system or just the described confocal chromatic sensor.
- Spectrometer mapped and evaluated by means of a spectrometer, so can from this signal directly the distance, for example, the confocal
- Spectrometer a sample distance can be assigned.
- the confocal chromatic sensor allows optical determination of the sample surface topography and thus a rastering of the samples and a confocal imaging of the sample surface even with insufficiently flat topography.
- a position signal of the confocal chromatic sensor for example in the case of a Raman microscope, to track the focal plane or confocal plane and thus also confocal Raman microscopy, even if the intensity is pronounced, i. to operate a non-planar sample topography.
- a position signal of the confocal chromatic sensor for example in the case of a Raman microscope, to track the focal plane or confocal plane and thus also confocal Raman microscopy, even if the intensity is pronounced, i. to operate a non-planar sample topography.
- Chromatic sensor is an optical system, in particular a lens system with a large chromatic error.
- a chromatic aberration or chromatic aberration is understood to mean an error caused by the wavelength dependence of the
- Refractive indices of the material used in the lenses instead of lenses as optical components to produce a large chromatic aberration, diffractive components could also be used in the confocal chromatic sensor. From the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the glass of the refractive component then follows that the focal length has a wavelength dependence, that is, the confocal plane for
- Confocal chromatic sensors are particularly suitable for the distance measurement with a resolution in the range of greater than 1 nm to 1 pm, preferably greater than 1 nm to 100 nm, since they due to their high accuracy and their simultaneously large measuring range for example, from 100 ⁇ to 40 mm, in particular from 120 pm to 21 mm, most preferably 40 pm to 12 mm ranges, do not need to be refocused.
- the light spot in the xy plane has a size ⁇ in the range of for example 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 7 ⁇ to 150 pm, in particular 10 ⁇ ⁇ to 100 pm, depending on the measuring range and a large working distance, depending to the sensor from greater than 100 ⁇ to 200 mm is enough.
- the sample surface can first be measured with a confocal chromatic sensor in a two-stage process, and then this topography can be traced in a confocal optical measurement, for example a confocal Raman microscopy. In this way one becomes
- the light of a non-monochromatic, preferably broadband light source is in the confocal chromatic sensor by the refractive
- Sample surface passed as a light spot, reflected from the sample, collected and evaluated by means of a spectrometer, wherein the wavelength in the focal plane of the sample surface, in the spectrometer a
- Intensity maximum shows. Preferably, it is not
- broadband light source around a white light source, i. a broadband light source in the visible wavelength range.
- broadband light sources that emit non-visible light, for example in the IR wavelength range or in the ultraviolet
- Wavelength range Such illumination of the sample surface would provide the opportunity to decouple the beam paths from the confocal chromatic sensor and, for example, a Raman microscope and to use the same objective both for Raman measurements using the Raman microscope and for the chromatic sensor.
- determining the values of the surface topography with the aid of a confocal chromatic sensor other possibilities are also conceivable. For example, it would also be possible not to determine the surface topography by means of a confocal chromatic sensor, but the sample could also be periodically moved along the z-direction, for example.
- By periodically moving the sample one can obtain an average in the direction perpendicular to the sample surface, ie in the z-direction, and thus obtain an always sharp image of the sample surface with a relatively uniform intensity.
- This device is also referred to as extended-focus device or extended focus device.
- the modulation depth of the movement of the roughness or topography of the sample is also referred to as extended-focus device or extended focus device.
- the center of the modulation i. the periodic movement, tracked in the z-direction, in order not to have to choose the modulation depth too large for very rough samples. This makes use of the fact that during the modulation, the focus of the
- the detected signal is similar to a Gaussian curve, whose position of the maximum coincides with the ideal focus on the surface.
- Compensate for surface roughness Such a tracking is described in detail by way of example in FIG. 6 of the application. Reference is made to the description there. It is particularly preferred that the confocal Raman microscope and / or
- Fluorescence microscope comprises a light source for exciting a light emission in the sample and a detector for detecting the photons emitted by the light emission, in particular the emitted Raman and / or
- the invention also provides a device for imaging the surface of a sample by scanning a plurality of substantially point-shaped areas of the surface, comprising means for confocal imaging of the substantially point-shaped area of the surface
- the device preferably has a surface topography sensor.
- the surface topography sensor may in one embodiment be an independent device. However, this is not mandatory for the invention.
- Surface topography sensors are suitable for any type of sensors with which it is possible to determine the surface topography, i. for example, the deviation of a sample surface from the sample plane in the direction perpendicular to the sample surface, i. in the z direction, to measure.
- Surface topography sensors can be both non-contact and non-contact, ie, tactile, surface topography sensors.
- tactile surface topography sensors are mechanical profilometers, atomic force microscopes (AFM microscopes), for example the AFM microscope alpha 300A from WiTec GmbH or styli.
- non-contact surface topographies are, in particular, optical sensors such as white light interferometers, triangulation sensors, laser scanning systems, which exploit, for example, confocal microscopy, and confocal chromatic sensors.
- the surface topography sensor is an optical sensor, then in a first embodiment it has an independent beam path next to it
- the excitation focus of the laser for the Raman measurement is passed through the same objective as the excitation focus of the surface topography sensor.
- the light of the confocal Raman and / or fluorescence microscopes comes to lie in a first wavelength range and the light of the confocal chromatic sensor in a second wavelength range, wherein it is particularly preferred if the first and second wavelength ranges do not overlap.
- Wavelength ranges do not overlap, they are preferably chosen so that the first wavelength range emitted by the boundaries
- Lumineszenzsektrums and / or Ramanspektrums the size to be examined is defined and the second wavelength above or below the first wavelength range without overlapping with the first
- Wavelength range is.
- the first wavelength range for the emitted luminescence or Raman spectrum of the sample to be examined may be in the range from 500 nm to 1100 nm, in particular 532 nm to 650 nm.
- the second wavelength range is from 350nm to 500nm, preferably from 400nm to 500nm.
- a confocal Raman microscope as a tactile device for a combination with the Raman microscopes Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is.
- Scanning probe in the form of a tip scanned the sample surface.
- the light of the monochromatic light source is passed through a lens on the way to the sample and thus focused substantially at a point on the sample surface.
- a spectrometer measures the light emitted by the sample, i. spectrally decomposed the Raman or fluorescence light.
- Such a spectral decomposition can be done in the spectrometer, for example with a grating or a prism. If the thus decomposed light is recorded with a CCD camera, it is possible to record a complete spectrum of the Raman or fluorescence light scattered by the sample.
- the advantage of the spectral decomposition of the Raman light in a Raman microscope is that, for example, by turning the grating in the spectrometer, an arbitrary spectral range can be selected for the detector for the measurement.
- the device in particular the confocal microscope, preferably the confocal Raman and / or confocal fluorescence microscope, can have a movable sample table which makes it possible, by moving the sample
- the excitation light source or the detector can also be moved, to get an image of the sample. It is also possible to record spatial maps of spectral properties of the sample. Especially with a confocal image, a very high depth resolution is achieved.
- the confocal chromatic sensor is typically in addition to the imaging device, i. with own beam path
- the surface topography determined, for example, by means of a confocal optical sensor will usually be used to be used in a downstream or simultaneous Raman measurement to continuously scan the sample surface in the focal plane of the objective, e.g. B. to keep in the plane for confocal Raman microscopy.
- the X-Y scan of the sample is extended to an X-Y-Z scan, whereby the Z-scan serves to equalize the sample topography.
- Surface topography sensor in particular an optical surface topography sensor, wherein the beam path of the
- Surface topography sensor is different from the beam path of the Raman microscope
- Fig. 1b shows the basic structure of a Raman microscope with an optical surface topography, wherein the
- Fig. 1c topography measurement on a sample with a device according to
- Fig. 2 is a topography of a coin measured with a device with a confocal chromatic sensor.
- Fig. 3 is a topography image of a tablet overlaid with information from Raman microscopy
- Fig. 5a - 5b shows a recording of a rough silicon surface as konfokales
- FIGS. 7a-7b show a measurement with confocal automatic focus tracking as an optical image and as a topography image.
- a so-called confocal Raman microscope the invention is not limited thereto. Rather, it includes all Confocal microscopes, in particular confocal light microscopes or fluorescence microscopes. Also, for such confocal microscopes, a chromatic sensor can be used to add to the confocal plane
- FIG. 1a shows the basic structure of a first embodiment of a confocal Raman microscope for receiving a sample surface.
- confocal Raman microscopy chemical properties and phases of liquid and solid components can be analyzed down to the diffraction-limited resolving power of approximately 200 nanometers. A marking of the sample, for example, with fluorescers as in fluorescence microscopy is not necessary.
- the confocal design provides a depth resolution that allows the sample to be analyzed in depth without having to make cuts, for example.
- a point light source preferably a laser
- this pixel is preferably focused with the same optics on a pinhole, a so-called pin-hole, in front of a detector.
- the size of the pinhole must be adapted to the diffraction limited image of the
- Be lighting picture The image is now generated by rasterizing a point of the illumination source over the sample so that the sample is scanned point by point.
- the resolution due to the convolution of the diffraction point with the aperture of the pinhole can be reduced by about a factor of 2 to about ⁇ / 3.
- a three-dimensional image of the sample structure with an axial resolution of about one wavelength can be obtained.
- FIG. 1a shows a possible structure of a confocal Raman microscope, for example of the microscope alpha300 R of Witec GmbH, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
- the light from a light source 10 is directed onto the sample table 8 at a beam splitter mirror 12 after a beam widening 14 in the direction of the sample 16.
- the deflected light beam 19 is focused by a suitable optical system 21 on a substantially point-shaped region 20 on the sample 16.
- the light of the laser 10 interacts with the matter of the sample 16.
- Rayleigh light of the same wavelength as the incident light is scattered back from the sample. This light is deflected via a beam splitter 12 to a
- Edge filter or notch filter 13 and does not reach the detection optics.
- Optical fiber 30 coupled and passes to a spectrometer 40.
- the beam is re-expanded with Raman light by a suitable optics, resulting in the beam 42, which hits a grating spectral filter 44.
- the grating spectral filter 44 diffracts the light according to its wavelength in different directions, so that on the CCD chip 50 location-dependent a spectral signal can be recorded.
- the CCD chip 50 has
- the image of the sample is formed by scanning in the x- / y-plane in the direction of arrow 130.
- the confocal Raman microscope 1 further includes a confocal chromatic sensor 80.
- the confocal chromatic sensor 80 is implemented in addition to the confocal Raman microscope 1.
- the confocal chromatic sensor comprises in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1a a separate beam path independent of the Raman microscope 1.
- the confocal chromatic sensor 80 has its own white light source 8120, a refractive optical element 8122, an optical arrangement for receiving the light reflected from the sample, and a photosensitive sensor unit which can detect and evaluate the associated spectral color, for example a spectrometer ,
- the light from the white light source 8120 passes through the lens system with a high chromatic aberration of the refractive optical element. Depending on the wavelength, the incident white light is imaged into different focal planes. The light imaged in different focal planes is reflected by the sample 16, e.g. B. recorded by the optics and supplied to the spectrometer 8140 as a sensor component. With the help of the spectrometer 8140, the signal can be evaluated and determined from this signal directly the distance of the refractive optical element 8122 of the confocal chromatic sensor 80 to the surface of the sample 16 and thus the surface topography can be determined.
- the wavelength in whose focal plane the sample surface is located shows, for example, an intensity maximum in a spectrometer 8140.
- the determination of the intensity values allows each wavelength in spectrometer 8140 to have a sample spacing, i. one
- Distance sample 16 - refractive optical element 8122 is assignable.
- the confocal chromatic sensor 80 it is possible to determine the topography of the sample purely optically fast and directly, ie without a time-consuming scanning perpendicular to the sample plane, ie in the z-direction.
- the confocal chromatic sensor 80 thus enables an optical
- the confocal chromatic sensor has its own beam path, this is not mandatory.
- the confocal chromatic sensor has its own beam path, this is not mandatory.
- FIG. 1b shows the basic structure of a confocal Raman microscope, wherein the excitation radiation of the light source or of the laser for the Raman measurement according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention is guided parallel to the excitation radiation for the topography measurement.
- both the light of the light source 2010 for exciting the Raman effect and the light of the confocal chromatic sensor 2080 are focused by the same optic 2029 on substantially the same area 2020 of the sample 2016.
- the focus position for the Raman measurement, i. the confocal focus of the excitation laser light of the light source 2010 for excitation of the Raman effect can be within the measurement range of the confocal chromatic
- the light from the light source 2010 is coupled in by means of a beam splitter 2012.1 in the direction of the sample 2016.
- the light beam 2019 is deflected in the beam splitter 2012.1 in the direction of the sample 2016 and passes through the further beam splitter 2012.2.
- the Raman light generated by the sample through interaction passes through both the beam splitter 2012.1 and the beam splitter 2012.2 and is designated 2022 after beam splitter 2012.2.
- Behind beam splitter 2012.2, the beam of light 2022 is on a pinhole 2013 in front of a
- Detector (not shown) focused.
- the ellipsoid 2092 shown in the light path between the chromatic sensor 2080 and the lens 2094 indicates.
- the Raman light is detected, for example, spectrally resolved.
- the light from the light source (not shown) of the confocal chromatic sensor 2080 is transmitted via the further beam splitter 2012.2 through the same optics 2029 as the light for excitation of the Raman. Effect on the sample 2016 steered.
- the light beam is designated 2019.
- the white light from the light source of the confocal chromatic sensor directed to the sample is designated 2088.
- the white light irradiated onto the sample is imaged into different focal planes and reflected by the sample.
- the reflected light 2089 is in turn directed to the confocal chromatic sensor 2080 via the further beam splitter 2012.2 and evaluated in order to determine the surface topography.
- time-division device For example, the light of the chromatic optical sensor in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 500 nm and the wavelength of light to excite the Raman effect at 532 nm. Such a constellation would then allow the recording of Raman spectra usually above 532 nm. Of course, the selection of other wavelengths would be conceivable. Alternative to different
- Wavelength ranges the measurements could also be carried out in temporal change and then the evaluation in the time-division multiplex device.
- the focus position of the laser in the sample can be set arbitrarily within the capture range for the chromatic sensor 2080.
- the descendant of the scanner or the stepper motor can be done both via a controller and via an actuator. In the second case, however, the 2080 chromatic optical sensor must be used for the high-resolution
- a pure topography measurement by means of a high-resolution objective 2029 alone is possible because the lateral image of the chromatic optical sensor improves by the factor of the reduction due to the decreasing image. At the same time, the topography resolution is also improved.
- This non-contact topography measurement is particularly suitable for samples whose topography is already too high for the AFM (> 5 ⁇ ) or whose lateral structures are much larger than the typical scanning ranges of piezo scanners (100pm).
- the scanning range is 500 ⁇ x 500pm and the color scale (black to white) ranges from 0-5 ⁇ .
- the recorded light of the topography or Raman measurement according to FIG. 1a or 1b is transmitted with the aid of, for example, a CCD chip 50 to an evaluation unit 100, 2100.
- the evaluation unit 100, 2100 is part of a control of the sample table 18, 2018. From the evaluation unit 100, 2100 The exact positions in the x and y direction and in the z direction of the sample table 18, 2018 are also recorded.
- the sample 16, 2016 is scanned by moving it as a translation stage 110, 2110
- the translation table can be designed as a piezo table.
- the displacement of the displacement table 110 with the samples arranged thereon in the x, y and z directions can be carried out with piezo elements.
- the surface topography or the image of the sample is determined by scanning in the x, y plane. For this purpose, the light source or the Einkoppelmaschine be moved and / or the sample. When the surface topography is first determined, the surface topography values are recorded and
- the sample is at least a part of the substantially point-shaped areas for which the values of the
- FIG. 2 shows the difference of a pure topography image ( Figure 2) and an image obtained in the one-step process showing a surface topography with additional Raman information ( Figure 3).
- FIG. 2 shows the topography of a 10 cent coin measured with a confocal chromatic sensor (reference numeral 80 in FIG. 1).
- the x, y plane in which the scan is performed is indicated.
- the topography extends in the z-direction.
- Sample surface is located in the spectrum shows an intensity maximum. If the sample is now scanned in the x, y direction, it is possible to determine for each largely point-like region of the sample in which
- the topography image is again obtained by scanning in the x / y direction. Is at a point z. B. found that the wavelength at which the
- Intensity maximum occurs is at 500 nm, but at another location of the sample, for example, at 550 nm, the one area is increased compared to the other area, for example.
- the image shown in FIG. 2 is such a pure one
- FIG. 3 shows a photograph of a surface in which, in addition to the surface topography determined by means of the chromatic sensor, Raman data were also collected in the context of confocal Raman microscopy. Again, the x / y direction and the z direction are indicated.
- the dimension is 12 mm, in the z-direction 384 micrometers.
- the examined surface is a surface of a
- FIG. 3 shows for the first time a representation in which an active substance distribution in a non-planar sample could be determined.
- the sample is moved through the focus in the z-direction. If the surface topography is caused merely by the roughness of the sample, for example, at least one can be achieved by moving the sample
- FIG. 4 shows the optical beam path of a system in which the sample is moved periodically in the z-direction.
- the excitation light is provided by a laser light source 1000 and directed to the sample surface 1016 via the objective 1010. That through this
- Excitation generated light i. the reflected, emitted or scattered light is directed via the beam splitter 1030 to the detector 1050, for example a CCD camera.
- the generation of Raman light is a scattering process.
- the sample While the sample is moved to different locations in the x / y direction and the image of the sample is formed by scanning in the x / y direction, the sample is additionally moved periodically in the z direction. At a periodic
- Figure 5a shows a confocal Raman measurement without a modulation in the z direction.
- the method is an alternative method to determine or balance the topography.
- the advantage is that it is a one-pass process, ie the Raman and topography measurements are done simultaneously. At high amplitudes, however, the focus is only in the area of the sample surface for a small part of the modulation amplitude, which may result in the Raman measurement time not being used efficiently. In order to use the measuring time optimally, one can work with smaller modulation amplitudes. In such a case, a control ensures that the modulation always takes place around the last found topography value, ie, the modulation in the z direction is used to a confocal automatic
- the sample is modulated in the z-direction and the signal profile of the reflection is recorded. From the waveform of the reflection, the position of the maximum intensity is determined, with the position of the maximum intensity with the optimum focus on the surface
- FIG. 7a shows the reflected light
- FIG. 7b shows the surface topography of the sample determined from the focus tracking.
- FIGS. 8a to 8d show an object to be examined, in this case the stone 5000 shown in FIG. 8a, whose surface 5100 was examined by means of a device according to FIG. 1b.
- Fig. 8b a Raman measurement at the surface, which has been designated 5100 in Fig. 8a, is shown.
- a Raman signal 5200 can be obtained only in the region of the focal plane of the Raman microscope.
- the topographical image shown in FIG. 8c results. If the topography obtained in FIG. 8c with a device according to FIG. 1b is used to track the focus for the Raman measurement, the surface shown in FIG. 8d results. For different areas of the surface 5100, different Raman signals result for different ones
- Fig. 8c which are shown, for example, reference numeral 5300.1, 5300.2, marked.
- topography tracking it is thus possible to spectroscopically examine the entire surface of the object according to FIG. 8a. If the topography measurement does not flow into the Raman measurement, a Raman measurement results only for the area in which the focus of the Raman microscope comes to rest, as shown in FIG. 8b.
- a device is provided for the first time, which makes it possible to obtain information about the surface topography in a simple manner and quickly. In particular, this is done with the help of a
- optical measurement methods for example, with confocal Raman microscopy.
- the surface topography can be determined by modulating the sample in the z-direction.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
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DE202010010932U DE202010010932U1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2010-08-02 | Vorrichtung zur Abbildung einer Probenoberfläche |
PCT/EP2011/001837 WO2011131311A1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-13 | Vorrichtung zur abbildung einer probenoberfläche |
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JP5792792B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
WO2011131311A1 (de) | 2011-10-27 |
US9891418B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
US20120314206A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
JP2013525838A (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
DE202010010932U1 (de) | 2011-10-07 |
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