EP2556230B1 - Method for adapting the actual injection quantity, injection device and internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for adapting the actual injection quantity, injection device and internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2556230B1
EP2556230B1 EP11714253.9A EP11714253A EP2556230B1 EP 2556230 B1 EP2556230 B1 EP 2556230B1 EP 11714253 A EP11714253 A EP 11714253A EP 2556230 B1 EP2556230 B1 EP 2556230B1
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Prior art keywords
injection
internal combustion
combustion engine
test
cycle
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EP11714253.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2556230A1 (en
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Hui Li
Christian Hauser
Joachim Engelmann
Armin Stolz
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1497With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2438Active learning methods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2441Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by the learning conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467Characteristics of actuators for injectors
    • F02D41/247Behaviour for small quantities
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F02D41/0085Balancing of cylinder outputs, e.g. speed, torque or air-fuel ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402Multiple injections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for adjusting the actual injection quantity of an injector of an internal combustion engine to the desired injection quantity according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to an injection device and an internal combustion engine.
  • the inventive method is particularly applicable to internal combustion engines with so-called common rail injections, in which a plurality of - typically all - injectors are supplied with a common fuel line, which is under a substantially uniformly high pressure.
  • the injection quantities to be injected into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine at the beginning of a power stroke are typically primarily metered in that the injection valves or injectors are activated with a shorter or longer selected activation duration during which these injection valves are opened and fuel is injected into the respective cylinder let it penetrate.
  • a need for adapting actually injected injection quantities to desired injection quantities dependent on a respective operating state of the internal combustion engine results, in particular, from changes with time of properties of the injection valves or injectors.
  • signs of wear or deposits can lead to injection parameters, such as the actual opening duration or the actual opening degree of the injection valves, and thus the actual injection quantity changing during the service life of the injection valves.
  • the injection system of an internal combustion engine must be able to inject a defined amount of fuel exactly over the entire lifetime of a corresponding injection valve. Therefore, very high demands are made on the stability and accuracy of the injection.
  • the procedure is such that during a phase (fuel shut-off phase) during which no injection takes place, a test injection pulse is realized and the acceleration of the engine speed caused thereby is determined and used as an indication of the actually injected fuel quantity. On the basis of the determined actually injected fuel quantity then the Control data of the injector of the internal combustion engine corrected.
  • a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 10 2005 052 024 A1 known.
  • an injection pulse period of initially 3 injections is set to a uniform injection period which is the same as that of the preliminary learning mode, and a reference injection pulse period of the fourth injection is set to a corresponding value.
  • the injection pulse period of the fourth injection is accurately adjusted according to a change in the engine speed.
  • a difference between the adjusted injection pulse duration and the reference injection pulse duration is stored as a correction amount of a change point learning 1 mode in a storage device.
  • From the DE 197 00 711 A1 is a method for compensating the systematic failure of injectors for a Internal combustion engine is known in which by means of a cylinder-selective measurement method for detecting the uneven running in the lower speed range of the internal combustion engine, the actual injected fuel quantities are determined and from each a cylinder-specific correction factor is calculated and stored. At higher speeds and loads, the injection time and / or the injection start angle is then changed individually for each cylinder on account of the correction factors, thereby improving the smooth running of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, with a particularly rapid correction or adaptation of the control data of an injector of an internal combustion engine is possible.
  • an online adaptation of at least one injection control parameter is thus carried out.
  • the actual injected fuel quantity is not detected during a phase (fuel cut-off phase) during which no injection takes place, but during the normal fired operating state of the internal combustion engine (during the normal ignition phase) is determined and corrected.
  • the method is suitable for all types of vehicles, since the normal fired operating state is always present.
  • Correction of the drive data of the injector can be carried out very quickly.
  • the detection of the injected fuel quantity is performed by a comparison of a normal injection cycle with a test cycle corresponding to the normal injection cycle and at least one additional defined test pulse.
  • an injection configuration is set in particular, which has alternating injection patterns with and without test pulses.
  • the normal injection cycle is specified here by the request of the driver or a control unit.
  • the test cycle is a copy of the normal injection cycle with one or more additional test pulses. Both cycles are compared with each other, the difference between the two cycles being an indication of the amount of fuel injected. Absolute fuel quantities can be determined with this method.
  • the detection of the actually injected amount of fuel during an idle phase of the internal combustion engine and / or in the disengaged state thereof is performed.
  • the detection in the disengaged state avoids a corresponding calibration effort for different transmission types.
  • the test cycle is performed as a copy of the configuration of the normal injection cycle established by the speed control with at least one additional defined test pulse by "freezing" the speed control for the test cycle at least in one segment.
  • This is preferably done when the Internal combustion engine is in a control phase of a steady idle speed, ie at least the injection parameters in the test segment correspond to the parameters of the last combustion cycle, apart from the defined test injection pulse.
  • the parameters for other segments are copied from the previous cycle.
  • the injection cycle is preferably divided into n-segments, and the amount of fuel injected by the test pulse is determined from the difference of the speed or acceleration signal of the first n-segments and of the subsequent n-segments.
  • n preferably corresponds to the number of cylinders.
  • a combustion signal for the test pulse is determined by comparing the speed or acceleration signal before and after the test pulse, which corresponds to the effect achieved by the test pulse or the corresponding combustion.
  • a statistically significant value is obtained from a plurality of combustion signals.
  • the actual injected fuel quantity is then determined from the combustion signal or the statistically relevant value of the combustion signals.
  • the drive data of the injector or of the injectors of the internal combustion engine are then corrected or adjusted such that the defined fuel quantity or nominal fuel quantity is injected exactly over the service life of the injector.
  • the invention further relates to an injection device for an internal combustion engine, which comprises a control for injection valves of the internal combustion engine, wherein the controller programmatically designed to carry out a method described above. Furthermore, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising such an injection device.
  • FIG. 1 shows the injection configurations at idle speed with and without test pulse.
  • the normal injection cycle is defined by the idle speed control.
  • the injection test cycle performed is a copy of the injection configuration during the normal injection cycle (ie injection times, injection position, etc.) with an additional test pulse. This means that the idle speed control is "frozen" for the test cycle, ie that the injection parameters of all injection pulses correspond to the parameters of the last combustion cycle, apart from the defined test injection pulse.
  • one combustion cycle has four segments.
  • the difference between the first four segments and the subsequent four segments corresponds exactly to the test pulse.
  • the combustion generated by the test pulse can be determined or calculated.
  • test pulses are performed at idle speed.
  • FIG. 1 On the left side, the injection pattern in the normal cycle (with active control) and on the right side shows the injection pattern in the test cycle (with "frozen” control) over four segments each. In contrast to the normal cycle, there is a test pulse in segment 0. Incidentally, identical parameters exist for identical segments.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a curve representing an example of a calculated from a test pulse acceleration signal N DF.
  • a test pulse in the segment 0 is delivered and realized.
  • the acceleration and deceleration of the crankshaft can be detected in segments 2 and 3.
  • By comparing the acceleration signal before and after the test pulse of the be determined by the test pulse generated "effect" or the combustion caused thereby.
  • SIG_CMB a 1 ⁇ N_DF 0 + a 2 ⁇ N_DF 1 + a 3 ⁇ N_DF 2 + a 4 ⁇ N_DF 3 Sum of N_DF after test pulse - a 5 ⁇ N_DF 0 + a 6 ⁇ N_DF 1 + a 7 ⁇ N_DF 2 + a 8th ⁇ N_DF 3 Sum of N_DF before test pulse
  • N_DF (0) to N_DF (3) represent the acceleration values to be assigned to the segments 0-3.
  • the values a 1 ... a 8 represent weighting parameters that are configured according to the occurrence of the acceleration and deceleration in the corresponding segment.
  • FIG. 3 shows the combustion signal SIG CMB calculated according to the previous equation for the different test pulses, which was determined according to the described method.
  • filtering or averaging techniques may find application. By simple averaging after excluding the maximum and minimum, the statistical combustion value sig_cmb_mean can be calculated.
  • FIG. 4 shows, purely by way of example, the relationship between calculated combustion values CMB_STC and the respective actually injected fuel quantity MF for a pressure of 80 MPa.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Anpassen der tatsächlichen Einspritzmenge eines Injektors einer Brennkraftmaschine an die Soll-Einspritzmenge gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the actual injection quantity of an injector of an internal combustion engine to the desired injection quantity according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Einspritzvorrichtung und eine Brennkraftmaschine.The invention further relates to an injection device and an internal combustion engine.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist insbesondere anwendbar bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit sogenannten Common-Rail-Einspritzungen, bei denen mehrere - typischerweise alle - Einspritzventile mit einer gemeinsamen Kraftstoffleitung versorgt werden, die unter einem weitgehend gleichmäßig hohen Druck steht. Die jeweils am Beginn eines Arbeitstaktes in jeden Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine einzuspritzenden Einspritzmengen werden dabei typischerweise in erster Linie dadurch dosiert, dass die Einspritzventile bzw. Injektoren mit einer kürzer oder länger gewählten Ansteuerdauer angesteuert werden, während der diese Einspritzventile geöffnet werden und Kraftstoff in den jeweiligen Zylinder dringen lassen.The inventive method is particularly applicable to internal combustion engines with so-called common rail injections, in which a plurality of - typically all - injectors are supplied with a common fuel line, which is under a substantially uniformly high pressure. The injection quantities to be injected into each cylinder of the internal combustion engine at the beginning of a power stroke are typically primarily metered in that the injection valves or injectors are activated with a shorter or longer selected activation duration during which these injection valves are opened and fuel is injected into the respective cylinder let it penetrate.

Eine Notwendigkeit zum Anpassen dabei tatsächlich eingespritzter Einspritzmengen an von einem jeweiligen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine abhängende Soll-Einspritzmengen ergibt sich dabei insbesondere aus zeitlichen Änderungen von Eigenschaften der Einspritzventile bzw. Injektoren.A need for adapting actually injected injection quantities to desired injection quantities dependent on a respective operating state of the internal combustion engine results, in particular, from changes with time of properties of the injection valves or injectors.

So können insbesondere Verschleißerscheinungen oder Ablagerungen dazu führen, dass sich Einspritzparameter, wie die tatsächliche Öffnungsdauer oder der tatsächliche Öffnungsgrad der Einspritzventile, und damit die tatsächliche Einspritzmenge während der Lebensdauer der Einspritzventile verändert.In particular, signs of wear or deposits can lead to injection parameters, such as the actual opening duration or the actual opening degree of the injection valves, and thus the actual injection quantity changing during the service life of the injection valves.

Um die strengen Emissionsstandards einzuhalten und einen geringen Kraftstoffverbrauch zu ermöglichen, muss jedoch das Einspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine in der Lage sein, eine definierte Kraftstoffmenge exakt über die gesamte Lebenszeit eines entsprechenden Einspritzventils einzuspritzen. An die Stabilität und Genauigkeit der Einspritzung werden daher heutzutage sehr hohe Anforderungen gestellt.However, to meet stringent emission standards and to allow low fuel consumption, the injection system of an internal combustion engine must be able to inject a defined amount of fuel exactly over the entire lifetime of a corresponding injection valve. Therefore, very high demands are made on the stability and accuracy of the injection.

Es gilt daher, die vorstehend beschriebene Drift von Eigenschaften eines Einspritzventils im Laufe seiner Lebensdauer zu kompensieren. Hierzu ist es bekannt, eine Anpassung der Einspritzparameter unter Verwendung des Kurbelwellen/Motordrehzahlsignals durchzuführen. Wenn eine Verbrennung in der Brennkraftmaschine stattfindet, tritt eine Beschleunigung der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine auf. Diese Beschleunigung kann im Drehzahlsignal der Brennkraftmaschine detektiert werden. Hieraus kann die tatsächlich eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ermittelt werden.It is therefore necessary to compensate for the above described drift of properties of an injection valve during its lifetime. For this purpose, it is known to perform an adjustment of the injection parameters using the crankshaft / engine speed signal. When combustion takes place in the internal combustion engine, acceleration of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine occurs. This acceleration can be detected in the speed signal of the internal combustion engine. From this, the actually injected fuel quantity can be determined.

Im Einzelnen wird dabei so vorgegangen, dass während einer Phase (Kraftstoffabsperrphase), während der keine Einspritzung stattfindet, ein Testeinspritzimpuls realisiert wird und die hierdurch bewirkte Beschleunigung der Motordrehzahl ermittelt und als Anzeige für die tatsächlich eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge verwendet wird. Auf der Basis der ermittelten tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge werden dann die Ansteuerdaten des Injektors der Brennkraftmaschine korrigiert.In detail, the procedure is such that during a phase (fuel shut-off phase) during which no injection takes place, a test injection pulse is realized and the acceleration of the engine speed caused thereby is determined and used as an indication of the actually injected fuel quantity. On the basis of the determined actually injected fuel quantity then the Control data of the injector of the internal combustion engine corrected.

Neuere Fahrzeuge besitzen jedoch solche Phasen, in denen keine Einspritzung stattfindet, in einem viel geringeren Umfang. Das bedeutet, dass die entsprechende Anpassung bzw. Korrektur der Ansteuerdaten dramatisch verlangsamt wird. Die gewünschten Emissionsstandards bzw. der gewünschte niedrige Kraftstoffverbrauch können daher in diesem Fall nur unzureichend optimiert werden. Die bekannten Lösungen, bei denen ein einziger Testimpuls während einer Kraftstoffabsperrphase benutzt wird, sind daher verbesserungswürdig.However, newer vehicles have those phases in which no injection takes place to a much lesser extent. This means that the corresponding adjustment or correction of the activation data is slowed down dramatically. The desired emission standards or the desired low fuel consumption can therefore be optimized only insufficiently in this case. The known solutions in which a single test pulse is used during a Kraftstoffabsperrphase are therefore in need of improvement.

Ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Patentanspruch 1 ist aus der DE 10 2005 052 024 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren wird in einem Fall, bei dem ein stabiler Leerlaufzustand erreicht ist, wenn die Anzahl der Einspritzungen je Zyklus bei einem Änderungspunkt von 5 mal einer vorläufigen Lernbetriebsart zu 4 mal umgeschaltet wird, eine Einspritzpulszeitdauer von anfänglich 3 Einspritzungen auf eine einheitliche Einspritzzeitdauer eingestellt, die die gleiche ist, wie diejenige der vorläufigen Lernbetriebsart, und eine Bezugseinspritzpulszeitdauer der vierten Einspritzung wird auf einen entsprechenden Wert eingestellt. Die Einspritzpulszeitdauer der vierten Einspritzung wird entsprechend einer Änderung in der Maschinendrehzahl genau angepasst. Eine Differenz zwischen der angepassten Einspritzpulszeitdauer und der Bezugseinspritzpulszeitdauer wird als ein Korrekturbetrag einer Änderungspunktlern-1-Betriebsart in einer Speichereinrichtung gespeichert.A method having the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 10 2005 052 024 A1 known. In this known method, in a case where a stable idle state is reached, when the number of injections per cycle is switched 4 times at a change point of 5 times a tentative learning mode, an injection pulse period of initially 3 injections is set to a uniform injection period which is the same as that of the preliminary learning mode, and a reference injection pulse period of the fourth injection is set to a corresponding value. The injection pulse period of the fourth injection is accurately adjusted according to a change in the engine speed. A difference between the adjusted injection pulse duration and the reference injection pulse duration is stored as a correction amount of a change point learning 1 mode in a storage device.

Aus der DE 197 00 711 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Ausgleich des systematischen Fehlers an Einspritzvorrichtungen für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem mittels einer zylinderselektiven Messmethode zur Erfassung der Laufunruhe im unteren Drehzahlbereich der Brennkraftmaschine die tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmengen bestimmt werden und daraus jeweils ein zylinderspezifischer Korrekturfaktor berechnet und abgespeichert wird. Bei höheren Drehzahlen und Lasten wird dann aufgrund der Korrekturfaktoren die Einspritzzeit und/oder der Einspritzbeginnwinkel zylinderindividuell geändert und damit die Laufruhe der Brennkraftmaschine verbessert.From the DE 197 00 711 A1 is a method for compensating the systematic failure of injectors for a Internal combustion engine is known in which by means of a cylinder-selective measurement method for detecting the uneven running in the lower speed range of the internal combustion engine, the actual injected fuel quantities are determined and from each a cylinder-specific correction factor is calculated and stored. At higher speeds and loads, the injection time and / or the injection start angle is then changed individually for each cylinder on account of the correction factors, thereby improving the smooth running of the internal combustion engine.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem eine besonders rasche Korrektur bzw. Anpassung der Ansteuerdaten eines Injektors einer Brennkraftmaschine möglich ist.The present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, with a particularly rapid correction or adaptation of the control data of an injector of an internal combustion engine is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der angegebenen Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method of the type indicated by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß wird somit eine Online-Anpassung von mindestens einem Einspritzsteuerparameter durchgeführt.According to the invention, an online adaptation of at least one injection control parameter is thus carried out.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die tatsächlich eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge nicht während einer Phase (Kraftstoffabsperrphase), während der keine Einspritzung stattfindet, detektiert, sondern während des normalen befeuerten Betriebszustandes der Brennkraftmaschine (während der normalen Zündphase) ermittelt und korrigiert. Damit ist das Verfahren für sämtliche Fahrzeugarten geeignet, da der normale befeuerte Betriebszustand immer vorhanden ist. Die Anpassung bzw.In the method according to the invention, the actual injected fuel quantity is not detected during a phase (fuel cut-off phase) during which no injection takes place, but during the normal fired operating state of the internal combustion engine (during the normal ignition phase) is determined and corrected. Thus, the method is suitable for all types of vehicles, since the normal fired operating state is always present. The adaptation or

Korrektur der Ansteuerdaten des Injektors kann sehr rasch durchgeführt werden.Correction of the drive data of the injector can be carried out very quickly.

Für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Detektion der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge durch einen Vergleich eines normalen Einspritzzyklus mit einem dem normalen Einspritzzyklus und mindestens einem zusätzlichen definierten Testimpuls entsprechenden Testzyklus vorgenommen. Hierbei wird speziell eine Einspritzkonfiguration eingestellt, die abwechselnde Einspritzmuster mit und ohne Testimpulse aufweist. Der normale Einspritzzyklus wird hierbei durch die Anforderung des Fahrers oder eine Steuereinheit vorgegeben. Bei dem Testzyklus handelt es sich um eine Kopie des normalen Einspritzzyklus mit einem oder mehreren zusätzlichen Testimpulsen. Beide Zyklen werden miteinander verglichen, wobei die Differenz von beiden Zyklen eine Anzeige für die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge darstellt. Mit diesem Verfahren können absolute Kraftstoffmengen ermittelt werden.For carrying out the method according to the invention, the detection of the injected fuel quantity is performed by a comparison of a normal injection cycle with a test cycle corresponding to the normal injection cycle and at least one additional defined test pulse. In this case, an injection configuration is set in particular, which has alternating injection patterns with and without test pulses. The normal injection cycle is specified here by the request of the driver or a control unit. The test cycle is a copy of the normal injection cycle with one or more additional test pulses. Both cycles are compared with each other, the difference between the two cycles being an indication of the amount of fuel injected. Absolute fuel quantities can be determined with this method.

Bevorzugt wird die Detektion der tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge während einer Leerlaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine und/oder im ausgekuppelten Zustand derselben durchgeführt. Durch die Detektion im ausgekuppelten Zustand wird ein entsprechender Kalibrierungsaufwand für unterschiedliche Getriebetypen vermieden.Preferably, the detection of the actually injected amount of fuel during an idle phase of the internal combustion engine and / or in the disengaged state thereof is performed. The detection in the disengaged state avoids a corresponding calibration effort for different transmission types.

Vorzugsweise wird der Testzyklus als Kopie der Konfiguration des durch die Drehzahlsteuerung festgelegten normalen Einspritzzyklus mit mindestens einem zusätzlichen definierten Testimpuls durchgeführt, indem die Drehzahlsteuerung für den Testzyklus mindestens in einem Segment "eingefroren" wird. Dies wird vorzugsweise dann durchgeführt, wenn sich die Brennkraftmaschine in einer Steuerphase einer stetigen Leerlaufdrehzahl befindet, d.h. mindestens die Einspritzparameter im Testsegment entsprechen den Parametern des letzten Verbrennungszyklus, abgesehen vom definierten Testeinspritzimpuls. Je nach Signalverlauf und Auswertung werden die Parameter für weitere Segmente vom vorhergehenden Zyklus kopiert.Preferably, the test cycle is performed as a copy of the configuration of the normal injection cycle established by the speed control with at least one additional defined test pulse by "freezing" the speed control for the test cycle at least in one segment. This is preferably done when the Internal combustion engine is in a control phase of a steady idle speed, ie at least the injection parameters in the test segment correspond to the parameters of the last combustion cycle, apart from the defined test injection pulse. Depending on the signal curve and evaluation, the parameters for other segments are copied from the previous cycle.

Der Einspritzzyklus wird vorzugsweise in n-Segmente aufgeteilt, und die durch den Testimpuls eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge wird aus der Differenz des Drehzahl- oder Beschleunigungssignals der ersten n-Segmente und der der nachfolgenden n-Segmente ermittelt. n entspricht vorzugsweise der Anzahl der Zylinder.The injection cycle is preferably divided into n-segments, and the amount of fuel injected by the test pulse is determined from the difference of the speed or acceleration signal of the first n-segments and of the subsequent n-segments. n preferably corresponds to the number of cylinders.

In Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird durch einen Vergleich des Drehzahl- oder Beschleunigungssignals vor und nach dem Testimpuls ein Verbrennungssignal für den Testimpuls ermittelt, das dem durch den Testimpuls erreichten Effekt bzw. der entsprechenden Verbrennung entspricht. Insbesondere wird ein statistisch relevanter Wert, speziell der Mittelwert, von mehreren Verbrennungssignalen gewonnen. Aus dem Verbrennungssignal bzw. dem statistisch relevanten Wert der Verbrennungssignale wird dann die tatsächlich eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ermittelt. Mit Hilfe der ermittelten tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge werden dann die Ansteuerdaten des Injektors bzw. der Injektoren der Brennkraftmaschine so korrigiert bzw. angepasst, dass die definierte Kraftstoffmenge bzw. Soll-Kraftstoffmenge exakt über die Lebensdauer des Injektors eingespritzt wird.In a further development of the method according to the invention, a combustion signal for the test pulse is determined by comparing the speed or acceleration signal before and after the test pulse, which corresponds to the effect achieved by the test pulse or the corresponding combustion. In particular, a statistically significant value, especially the mean value, is obtained from a plurality of combustion signals. The actual injected fuel quantity is then determined from the combustion signal or the statistically relevant value of the combustion signals. With the aid of the actually injected fuel quantity determined, the drive data of the injector or of the injectors of the internal combustion engine are then corrected or adjusted such that the defined fuel quantity or nominal fuel quantity is injected exactly over the service life of the injector.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Einspritzvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, die eine Steuerung für Einspritzventile der Brennkraftmaschine umfasst, wobei die Steuerung programmtechnisch zur Durchführung eines vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrens ausgebildet ist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Brennkraftmaschine, die eine derartige Einspritzvorrichtung umfasst.The invention further relates to an injection device for an internal combustion engine, which comprises a control for injection valves of the internal combustion engine, wherein the controller programmatically designed to carry out a method described above. Furthermore, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising such an injection device.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung im Einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung von Beispielen von Einspritzkonfigurationen;
Figur 2
ein Diagramm, das ein Beispiel der durch einen Testimpuls erreichten Beschleunigung zeigt;
Figur 3
ein Diagramm, das ein berechnetes Verbrennungssignal für Testimpulse zeigt; und
Figur 4
ein Diagramm, das schematisch die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge in Abhängigkeit von Verbrennungssignalen zeigt.
The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings in detail. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of examples of injection configurations;
FIG. 2
a diagram showing an example of the acceleration achieved by a test pulse;
FIG. 3
a diagram showing a calculated test signal combustion signal; and
FIG. 4
a diagram showing schematically the injected fuel quantity in response to combustion signals.

Es wird nunmehr eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschrieben, bei der eine Testeinspritzung durchgeführt wird, während sich die Brennkraftmaschine in einer Steuerphase mit stetiger Leerlaufdrehzahl befindet. Figur 1 zeigt das Einspritzkonfigurationen bei der Leerlaufdrehzahl ohne und mit Testimpuls. Der normale Einspritzzyklus wird durch die Leerlaufdrehzahlsteuerung definiert. Bei dem durchgeführten Einspritztestzyklus handelt es sich um eine Kopie der Einspritzkonfiguration beim normalen Einspritzzyklus (d.h. Einspritzzeiten, Einspritzposition etc.) mit zusätzlichem Testimpuls. Das bedeutet, dass die Leerlaufdrehzahlsteuerung für den Testzyklus "eingefroren" wird, d.h. dass die Einspritzparameter sämtlicher Einspritzimpulse den Parametern des letzten Verbrennungszyklus entsprechen, abgesehen vom definierten Testeinspritzimpuls.There will now be described an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which a test injection is carried out while the internal combustion engine is in a control phase with a steady idle speed. FIG. 1 shows the injection configurations at idle speed with and without test pulse. The normal injection cycle is defined by the idle speed control. The injection test cycle performed is a copy of the injection configuration during the normal injection cycle (ie injection times, injection position, etc.) with an additional test pulse. This means that the idle speed control is "frozen" for the test cycle, ie that the injection parameters of all injection pulses correspond to the parameters of the last combustion cycle, apart from the defined test injection pulse.

Für die hier beschriebene Brennkraftmaschine mit vier Zylindern besitzt ein Verbrennungszyklus vier Segmente. Der Unterschied zwischen den ersten vier Segmenten und den nachfolgenden vier Segmenten entspricht exakt dem Testimpuls. Durch Vergleich des Drehzahlsignals oder Beschleunigungssignals der Brennkraftmaschine für die ersten vier Segmente mit dem der nachfolgenden vier Segmente kann die durch den Testimpuls erzeugte Verbrennung ermittelt bzw. berechnet werden.For the four-cylinder engine described herein, one combustion cycle has four segments. The difference between the first four segments and the subsequent four segments corresponds exactly to the test pulse. By comparing the speed signal or acceleration signal of the internal combustion engine for the first four segments with that of the subsequent four segments, the combustion generated by the test pulse can be determined or calculated.

Beispielsweise werden mehrere Testimpulse bei Leerlaufdrehzahl durchgeführt.For example, several test pulses are performed at idle speed.

Figur 1 zeigt auf der linken Seite das Einspritzmuster im normalen Zyklus (mit aktiver Steuerung) und auf der rechten Seite das Einspritzmuster im Testzyklus (mit "eingefrorener" Steuerung) über jeweils vier Segmente. Im Unterschied zum Normalzyklus ist im Segment 0 ein Testimpuls vorhanden. Es sind im Übrigen identische Parameter für identische Segmente vorhanden. FIG. 1 On the left side, the injection pattern in the normal cycle (with active control) and on the right side shows the injection pattern in the test cycle (with "frozen" control) over four segments each. In contrast to the normal cycle, there is a test pulse in segment 0. Incidentally, identical parameters exist for identical segments.

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Kurve, die ein Beispiel eines aus einem Testimpuls berechneten Beschleunigungssignals N DF repräsentiert. Wie erwähnt, wird ein Testimpuls im Segment 0 abgegeben und realisiert. Die Beschleunigung und Verzögerung der Kurbelwelle kann in den Segmenten 2 und 3 festgestellt werden. Durch Vergleich des Beschleunigungssignals vor und nach dem Testimpuls kann der durch den Testimpuls erzeugte "Effekt" oder die hierdurch bewirkte Verbrennung ermittelt werden. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a curve representing an example of a calculated from a test pulse acceleration signal N DF. As mentioned, a test pulse in the segment 0 is delivered and realized. The acceleration and deceleration of the crankshaft can be detected in segments 2 and 3. By comparing the acceleration signal before and after the test pulse of the be determined by the test pulse generated "effect" or the combustion caused thereby.

Zum Konfigurieren des "Verbrennungssignals" kann folgendes Berechnungsverfahren angewendet werden: SIG_CMB = a 1 N_DF 0 + a 2 N_DF 1 + a 3 N_DF 2 + a 4 N_DF 3

Figure imgb0001
Summe von N_DF nach Testimpuls a 5 N_DF 0 + a 6 N_DF 1 + a 7 N_DF 2 + a 8 N_DF 3
Figure imgb0002
Summe von N_DF vor TestimpulsThe following calculation method can be used to configure the "combustion signal": SIG_CMB = a 1 N_DF 0 + a 2 N_DF 1 + a 3 N_DF 2 + a 4 N_DF 3
Figure imgb0001
Sum of N_DF after test pulse - a 5 N_DF 0 + a 6 N_DF 1 + a 7 N_DF 2 + a 8th N_DF 3
Figure imgb0002
Sum of N_DF before test pulse

Hierbei stellen N_DF(0) bis N_DF(3) die den Segmenten 0-3 zuzuordnenden Beschleunigungswerte dar.Here, N_DF (0) to N_DF (3) represent the acceleration values to be assigned to the segments 0-3.

Die Werte a1...a8 stellen Gewichtungsparameter dar, die je nach dem Auftreten der Beschleunigung und Verzögerung im entsprechenden Segment konfiguriert werden.The values a 1 ... a 8 represent weighting parameters that are configured according to the occurrence of the acceleration and deceleration in the corresponding segment.

Figur 3 zeigt das gemäß vorheriger Gleichung berechnete Verbrennungssignal SIG CMB für die unterschiedlichen Testimpulse, das gemäß dem beschriebenen Verfahren ermittelt wurde. Um ein zuverlässigeres Ergebnis zu erreichen, können Filterverfahren oder Mittelwertbildungsverfahren Anwendung finden. Durch einfache Mittelwertbildung nach Ausschließen des Maximums und Minimums kann der statistische Verbrennungswert sig_cmb_mean berechnet werden. FIG. 3 shows the combustion signal SIG CMB calculated according to the previous equation for the different test pulses, which was determined according to the described method. For a more reliable result, filtering or averaging techniques may find application. By simple averaging after excluding the maximum and minimum, the statistical combustion value sig_cmb_mean can be calculated.

Die Beziehung oder Korrelation zwischen den Werten sig_cmb_mean und einer tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge ist bekannt, da sie experimentell ermittelt werden kann. Auf der Basis der ermittelten tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge werden dann die Ansteuerdaten des entsprechenden Injektors der Brennkraftmaschine korrigiert.The relationship or correlation between the values sig_cmb_mean and an actually injected amount of fuel is known since it is determined experimentally can. On the basis of the determined actually injected fuel quantity, the drive data of the corresponding injector of the internal combustion engine are then corrected.

Figur 4 zeigt nur rein beispielhaft zur Verdeutlichung die Beziehung zwischen berechneten Verbrennungswerten CMB_STC und der jeweiligen tatsächlich eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge MF für einen Druck von 80 MPa. FIG. 4 FIG. 3 shows, purely by way of example, the relationship between calculated combustion values CMB_STC and the respective actually injected fuel quantity MF for a pressure of 80 MPa.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for adapting the actual injection quantity of an injector of an internal combustion engine to the setpoint injection quantity, in which method the crankshaft acceleration which is achieved by a test injection pulse is detected in the rotational speed signal of the internal combustion engine and, herefrom, the injected fuel quantity of the injector is determined, and in which method the actuation data of the injector of the internal combustion engine are corrected on the basis of the determined injected fuel quantity, wherein the injected fuel quantity of the injector is detected and corrected by way of a test injection pulse corresponding to a pulse produced in addition to the normal injection during the normal combustion operating state of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the detection is carried out by way of a comparison of a normal injection cycle with a test cycle which corresponds to the normal injection cycle and at least one additional defined test pulse.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the detection is carried out during an idling phase of the internal combustion engine.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the detection is carried out in the disengaged state of the internal combustion engine.
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the test cycle is carried out as a copy of the configuration of the normal injection cycle at least in one segment and at least one additional defined test pulse.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the test cycle is carried out as a copy of the configuration of the normal injection cycle, which is defined by the speed controller, in particular the idling speed controller, and at least one additional defined test pulse, by the speed controller, in particular idling speed controller, being frozen for the test cycle.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection cycle is divided into n segments and the fuel quantity which is injected by the test pulse is determined from the difference of the speed or acceleration signal of the first n segments and that of the following n segments.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a combustion signal is determined for the test pulse by way of a comparison of the speed or acceleration signal before and after the test pulse.
  8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that a statistically relevant value, in particular the mean value, is obtained from a plurality of combustion signals.
  9. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the actually injected fuel quantity is determined from the combustion signal or the statistically relevant value of the combustion signals.
  10. Injection device for an internal combustion engine, which injection device comprises a controller for injection valves of the internal combustion engine, the controller being configured in terms of programming technology for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
  11. Internal combustion engine comprising an injection device according to Claim 10.
EP11714253.9A 2010-04-09 2011-04-06 Method for adapting the actual injection quantity, injection device and internal combustion engine Active EP2556230B1 (en)

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