EP2552832A1 - Method for producing graphene nanolayers - Google Patents
Method for producing graphene nanolayersInfo
- Publication number
- EP2552832A1 EP2552832A1 EP12710043A EP12710043A EP2552832A1 EP 2552832 A1 EP2552832 A1 EP 2552832A1 EP 12710043 A EP12710043 A EP 12710043A EP 12710043 A EP12710043 A EP 12710043A EP 2552832 A1 EP2552832 A1 EP 2552832A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- graphene
- graphite
- polymerization
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nanolayers from graphene according to claim 1.
- Carbon usually has four distinct crystalline structures. These structures are commonly known by the terms diamond, graphite, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
- Carbon nanotubes have a tubular structure of single-walled or multi-walled tubes.
- a graphite sheet such as a graphene sheet or a plurality of graphite sheets to form a concentric hollow structure.
- Carbon nanotubes can be used either as conductors or as semiconductors depending on the coiled shape and diameter of the helical tubes.
- the elongated, hollow structure of carbon nanotubes gives this material unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical properties.
- Carbon nanotubes can be fabricated by plasma deposition to a density of 10 11 cm -3 or greater on suitable substrates, preferably using metal-coated silicon or polysilicon substrates.
- suitable substrates preferably using metal-coated silicon or polysilicon substrates.
- hydrocarbon gases can be used as the plasma gas and the temperature of the substrate suitable for deposition may be in the range of 600 to 900 ° C, and the pressure used in the process may be in the range of 10 to 1000 mtorr, thus disadvantageous are the rather expensive processes for producing carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes the very low yield, which has made extensive use of carbon nanotubes impossible.
- carbon nanotubes are nanolages of graphene.
- Graphene is another modification of carbon with a two-dimensional, aromatic structure in which each carbon atom is surrounded by three other carbon atoms, forming a honeycomb pattern.
- Such two-dimensional carbon structures have until recently not been thought possible because they were considered thermodynamically unstable. So it was all the more amazing that the scientists Konstantin Novoselov, Andre Geim and their co-workers were able to prepare free, single-layer graphene structures in 2004. The previously unexpected stability could be explained by the existence of metastable states or wrinkling of the graphene.
- Graphene Nanolagen Individual graphene nanolayers and clusters of multiple nanoscale graphene sheets, collectively referred to as Graphene Nanolagen (GNS), provide a unique opportunity for solid phase scientists to study the structure and properties of nanocarbon materials. These nanomaterials can also be a cost-effective substitute for carbon nanotubes or other types of nanorods for various scientific and process applications.
- a recently developed process involves the reduction of graphene oxide to graphene.
- graphite oxide is first deposited on a silicon substrate and then chemically reduced to individual layers of graphene (Gummes-Navarro et al., Nanoletters, 2007, Vol. 7, 3499). But even this method is only suitable for a limited application.
- the production of larger amounts of functionalized graphene oxide is based on the exfoliation of strong acid oxidized graphite by rapid thermal expansion (Schniepp et al., Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, Vol. 110, 8535) or ultrasonic dispersion (Niyogi et al. , Journal of American Chemical Society, 2006, Vol 128, 7720).
- the oxidation chemistry is similar to that used to functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and allows for the production of a variety of oxygen functionalities, such as -OH or CO 2 H, primarily at so-called defect sites the ends of the nanotubes.
- the graphene oxide must be reduced under rigorous conditions to obtain the desired graphene properties.
- polymer coated graphite nanoplatelets were obtained by reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide in the presence of poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate).
- poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) the presence of a polymeric dispersant in the graphene composition is undesirable in some applications.
- the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of ammonia can lead to the formation of graphene nanolayers, however, which have a limited water solubility of less than 0.5 mg / ml (Li et al., Nat., Nano, 2008, Vol. 3, 101).
- the present invention is therefore based on the problem to provide a process for the preparation of graphene nanolayers, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above, is easy to apply and allows the production of graphene nanolayers in a simple and cost-effective manner.
- a first step a) the preparation of a mixture of at least one graphite compound and at least one polymerizable medium, wherein it comes to the formation of at least one intercalated with the polymerizable medium graphite compound.
- the polymerization step b) following step a) is followed by the in situ polymerization of the dispersion prepared in step a) with simultaneous exfoliation or delamination of the at least one intercalated graphite compound. Following exfoliation, the formed graph is isolated in step c).
- the inventive method thus enables the production of graphene nanolayers (GNS), which consists essentially of a graphite layer or a plurality of graphite layers.
- GFS graphene nanolayers
- Each of these graphite layers also referred to as graphite nanolay, comprises a two-dimensional hexagonal structure of carbon atoms.
- Each ply has a length, and a width parallel to the graphite ply, and a thickness orthogonal to the graphite ply, wherein at least one of these values is equal to or less than 100 nm.
- the thickness of the layer is preferably less than 100 nm.
- the first step of the process according to the invention for producing the graphene nanolayers comprises the dispersion of graphite in a suitable polymerisable medium.
- the polymerizable medium should consist of at least one compound having at least one double bond suitable for the polymerization, in particular unsaturated fatty acids.
- the graphite dispersion prepared in step a) in the at least one polymerisable medium preferably contains graphite crystals having a size in the micron and / or nanometer range, each graphite crystal consisting of one or more graphite layers.
- the carbon used is chopped or ground to improve the dispersion and to allow for better penetration or penetration of the polymerizable medium between the graphite sheets.
- the graphite used preferably has a thickness of less than 1 mm, in particular less than 0.1 mm.
- the second step b) comprises the step of exfoliating the graphite crystal by in situ polymerization, in particular thermal in situ polymerization, of the at least one polymerizable medium used.
- Exfoliation typically involves penetration or absorption of the molecules of the polymerizable medium between the individual graphite layers of the graphite compound used. After absorption or penetration of the molecules of the polymerizable medium into the graphite compound, the intercalated graphite compound thus prepared is heated together with the polymerizable medium, resulting in polymerization of the molecules of the polymerizable medium and growth of the polymerization takes place.
- This Exfoliation advocacy is the delamination or at least in the production of a gap between the individual graphene layers of the graphite compound or the partial or complete separation of the individual graphene layers in the graphite compound used, so as individual Graphenlagen (single-layered GNS) or blocks of bonded graphene layers (multilayer GNS) produce.
- the nanolayers formed are isolated in step c).
- the graphene nanolayers are separated from the polymerized medium.
- the separation or isolation typically involves repeated washing with a suitable solvent, followed by filtration.
- the isolation of the graphene nanolages by simple washing with a suitable solvent is possible in particular due to the stabilization by the natural polymer formed in situ, as a result of which the particle size of the graphene can also be selectively adjusted.
- the graphene produced by the present method has less than 100 layers, preferably less than 20 layers, more preferably less than 5 layers of graphene layers, each of these graphene layers having a length and width less than 100 nm, preferably less than 50 nm.
- the simplicity of the process and the wide range of properties of the graphene produced by the process of the invention allow multiple applications.
- graphite compound from which the graphene or the graphene layers can be produced preference is given to using at least one graphite compound selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, synthetic graphite, expanded graphite and graphite fibers.
- the polymerizable medium suitable for in situ polymerization in step b) comprises at least one compound having at least one double bond suitable for the polymerization, in particular unsaturated fatty acids.
- Vegetable and / or animal oils have proven to be particularly suitable and cost-effective.
- the at least one vegetable oil selected from the group comprising linseed oil, tung oil, soybean oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, corn oil, thistle oil or mixtures thereof.
- animal oils are to be used as the polymerizable medium, preferably at least one animal oil is selected from the group comprising fish oil, in particular anchovy oil (anchovy oil), salmon oil, Pronova fish oil, shark liver oil, sturgeon oil, eel oil, anchovy oil, herring oil (shark oil, river herring oil) or Used skate oil.
- fish oil in particular anchovy oil (anchovy oil), salmon oil, Pronova fish oil, shark liver oil, sturgeon oil, eel oil, anchovy oil, herring oil (shark oil, river herring oil) or Used skate oil.
- from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 2 to 20% by weight of the at least one graphite compound and from 50 to 99% by weight, preferably from 80 to 98% by weight, of the at least one polymerisable medium is used.
- the in situ polymerization in step b) can be carried out up to a viscosity of the polymerizable medium between 40 mPas and 10,000 mPas, preferably 100 to 8,000 mPas, particularly preferably 500 to 5,000 mPas.
- the viscosity to be achieved depends on the type of polymerizable medium used and can therefore vary considerably. In particular, the viscosity is dependent on the prevailing ambient or. Reaction temperature and therefore vary greatly.
- In situ polymerization and exfoliation in step b) are preferably carried out at a temperature between 100 and 500 ° C., preferably between 200 and 350 ° C., particularly preferably between 250 and 300.
- the duration of in situ polymerization and exfoliation in step b) preferably ranges from 0.5 to 50 hours, preferably from 5 to 40 hours, more preferably from 10 to 30 hours.
- the polymerization time can be 16 to 24 hours.
- the longer the polymerization time the thinner graphene sheets can be produced by the present method.
- the reaction time is increased successively, the layer thickness of the prepared graphene layers is also reduced. Over a period of up to 5 hours, layers with a layer thickness of 500 nm and at 16 hours graphene layers with a layer thickness of 200 nm are obtained.
- Increasing the reaction time to 24 hours or more reduces the film thickness to 100 nm and below.
- the polymerization or reaction time has an influence on the distribution of the prepared graphene layers.
- the proportion of graphene layers with layer thicknesses of 3 ⁇ m decreases successively and shifts towards graphene layers with smaller layer thicknesses of less than 100 nm.
- the decrease in the layer thicknesses is therefore to be regarded as a kinetic process which depends on the external reaction conditions such as time, Temperature, the amount of graphite used and the type of polymerization medium is dependent ..
- the nanolayers formed from graphene can be isolated by adding at least one solvent to the polymerized dispersion obtained in step b), followed by filtration.
- the preferred solvent is selected from a group containing chloroform, toluene or petroleum. Essential in the choice of a suitable solvent is that this can dissolve the polymerizable medium used.
- the graphene prepared by the present method of in situ polymerization can form stable dispersions with organic solvents such as chloroform. Stable dispersion in this context means that no phase separation can be detected even after storage for 24 hours is.
- organic solvents such as chloroform.
- Stable dispersion in this context means that no phase separation can be detected even after storage for 24 hours is.
- the high stability of the in situ polymerized graphene in organic solvents is due in particular to their improved affinity with the non-polar solvents. This effect is exacerbated by the polymerization media used for the in situ polymerization, as they deposit or lay around the graphite ethanols like a shell or layer. Due to the improved affinity, the in situ polymerized graphene can also be incorporated very well in plastics.
- the graphene sheets produced by means of the method according to the invention can be used for heat dissipation or else in the form of coatings or printing inks, due to their excellent conductive properties in polymer composites, lubricants and greases.
- graphene nanolayers Due to the particularly high electrical conductivity of graphene nanolayers, a particularly preferred field of use is the use of graphene nanolayers as semiconductor material, e.g. in transistors. It is even conceivable that graphene can replace what is currently the most commonly used silicon. With graphene-based transistors, clock rates of up to 1000 GHz are possible, while with silicon-based transistors currently only clock rates up to 5 GHz are possible.
- FIG. 1 shows a TEM image of graphene layers produced by the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a Raman spectrum of the graphite used as the starting component and of graphene nanolayers produced by means of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a photograph of graphene layers by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- the picture shows graphene layers comprising one, two or more layers.
- the dimensions of the graphene layers are in the range of 10 ⁇ x 4.5 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the graphene layers can be estimated to a thickness between 10 to 40 nm. Because of the oil or polyol layer deposited on the graphene layers, it is also possible, with reference to the TEM image, to determine the layer number of the graphene layers at 1 to 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a Raman spectrum of the graphite (lower line) used for producing the graphene layers and of graphene nanolagen (upper line) produced by means of the method according to the invention.
- the graphene was prepared using soybean oil and a polymerization time of 24 hours. At a frequency of 963 cm -1 a peak can be seen which indicates the presence of a polymer layer on the particle or graphene surface.
- the intensity of the D peak at a frequency of 1364 cm -1 in the graphene layer increases in comparison with the graphite used as the starting material, this increase being due to an increase in the number or concentration of carbon atoms which is not sp 2
- the increase in the number of non-sp 2 carbon atoms clearly indicates the change in valence and thus the formation of graphene sheets.
- the peak at a frequency of 1582 cm -1 is the so-called G peak, which is caused by the sp 2 hybridization of the carbon atom in the graphite used as starting material.
- Embodiment 1 Dispersion of graphite in soybean oil
- Suitable graphite compounds are i.a. natural graphite (RMC Remacon GmbH), synthetic graphite (Thielmann Graphit GmbH & Co. KG) and expanded graphite (Timcal Ltd).
- the dispersion of synthetic graphite and soybean oil of Example 1 is heated to 290 ° C. in a heating jacket with temperature control with stirring. The reaction mixture is held at this temperature for 24 hours. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with 300 ml of chloroform and filtered to remove the solid from the oil. The black solid is collected on the filter and washed repeatedly with chloroform until a colorless supernatant is obtained.
- Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, wherein the polymerization time varies between 0.35 hours and 28 hours.
- Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, the amount of graphite used varying between 2 g and 20 g.
- Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, whereby instead of the synthetic graphite natural and expanded graphite is used.
- Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, fish oil (United Fischmehltechnike Cuxhaven GmbH & Co KG, Neufelder Str. 44, 27472 Cuxhaven) being used as the polymerisable medium.
- fish oil United Fischmehltechnike Cuxhaven GmbH & Co KG, Neufelder Str. 44, 27472 Cuxhaven
- the fish oil used is a mixture of different fish with the exception of herring oil and salmon oil.
- the in situ polymerization and exfoliation is also possible with herring oil and salmon oil (results not shown).
- Embodiment 7 Embodiment 7:
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, the polymerization temperature varying between 200 and 350 ° C.
- Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, sunflower oil (Carl Roth GmbH) being used as the polymerisable medium.
- Embodiment 9 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 9:
- Analogous conditions are selected as in working examples 1 and 2, the polymerizable medium used being a mixture of sunflower oil (70 g, Carl Roth GmbH) and olive oil (29 g, Carl Roth GmbH).
- Embodiment 10 Characterization of the formed graphene
- Table 1 summarizes the experimental results for the preparation of graphene nanoparticles or graphene nanolayers by in situ polymerization of natural oils.
- the polymerization of a mixture of graphite and soybean oil or fish oil leads to the formation of graphene nanolayers by exfoliation of the graphite during the polymerization.
- the polymerization time or exfoliation time has a decisive influence on the thickness of the graphan olanols produced.
- the proportion of graphene layers with a thickness below 100 nm increases with increasing polymerization time, with the best results being achieved at a polymerization time of 24 h.
- the amount or concentration of the used graphite has a smaller influence on the thickness of the synthesized graphene layers.
- Embodiment 11 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 11:
- Embodiment 12 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 12
- graphene oxide is produced by in situ polymerization in a sunflower oil / olive oil mixture by the hammer process (Dikin et al., Nature, 2007, 448, 457-460).
- graphene oxide does not form a stable dispersion in chloroform and other organic solvents unlike the unmodified graphene.
- Analogous conditions are selected as in embodiment 12, wherein graphene oxide is dispersed in water.
- Figure 3a shows a dispersion 1 of in situ polymerized graphene nanolages in chloroform (see Example 9). This leads to the formation of a stable dispersion, which shows no phase separation or separation even after 24 hours.
- FIGS. 3b and 3c Dispersions of graphene oxide 2 in chloroform and water as solvent 3 can be taken from FIGS. 3b and 3c. This clearly shows that graphene oxide forms neither in chloroform nor in water a stable dispersion over a longer period of time. Rather, graphene oxide is not at all dispersible in chloroform (FIG. 3 b) or there is an early phase separation (FIG. 3 c).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011000662A DE102011000662A1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2011-02-11 | Process for the preparation of graphene nanolayers |
PCT/EP2012/052225 WO2012107525A1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-02-09 | Method for producing graphene nanolayers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2552832A1 true EP2552832A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
Family
ID=45875924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12710043A Withdrawn EP2552832A1 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2012-02-09 | Method for producing graphene nanolayers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2552832A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011000662A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012107525A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108291298B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2022-03-15 | 联邦科学及工业研究组织 | Graphene synthesis |
CN105502358B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-07-07 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | It is a kind of that the method that graphite material prepares Graphene is peeled off by auto polymerization |
US10941041B2 (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2021-03-09 | Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Llc | Method of manufacturing graphene using photoreduction |
EP3736251A1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-11 | NanoEMI sp.z o.o. | Method of manufacturing flake graphene |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4946892A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1990-08-07 | Ucar Carbon Technology Corporation | Composites of in-situ exfoliated graphite |
DE202004017339U1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2005-02-17 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Heat conducting paste for joining electronic components in a computer chip contains a filler based on graphite powder and a matrix material based on oil, grease or wax |
DE102010028800A1 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-10 | Freie Universität Berlin | Polymer compositions based on environmentally friendly vegetable and / or animal oils as thermally conductive materials |
-
2011
- 2011-02-11 DE DE102011000662A patent/DE102011000662A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-02-09 EP EP12710043A patent/EP2552832A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-09 WO PCT/EP2012/052225 patent/WO2012107525A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012107525A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012107525A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
DE102011000662A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE602004008958T2 (en) | PRODUCTION OF METAL NANODRICES | |
US9118078B2 (en) | Method of forming a film of graphite oxide single layers, and applications of same | |
Ding et al. | An ultrahigh thermal conductive graphene flexible paper | |
DE102010034108B4 (en) | Process for producing nanographene layers and particles and lubricants containing them | |
DE602004009751T2 (en) | Process for the separation of semiconductive carbon nanotubes | |
DE112013005811T5 (en) | Process for the preparation with carbon nanostructures of coated fibers | |
US20170217775A1 (en) | Partially oxidized graphene and method for preparing same | |
DE60217002T2 (en) | Carbon fibers and composites using the same | |
DE102009012675A1 (en) | Process for dispersing graphitic nanoparticles | |
WO2009100865A1 (en) | Printable composition for producing electroconductive coatings, and method for the production thereof | |
DE202014011239U1 (en) | Carbon nanotubes with a large specific surface area | |
WO2011131722A1 (en) | Method for producing two-dimensional sandwich nano-materials on the basis of graphene | |
DE10312494A1 (en) | Carbon nanostructures and methods of making nanotubes, nanofibers, and carbon-based nanostructures | |
CN101712468A (en) | Carbon nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof | |
DE10352269A1 (en) | Ceramic nanocomposite powder, reinforced with carbon nanotubes, and their manufacturing processes | |
JP2006176362A (en) | Method for producing carbon nanotube thin film | |
DE60319508T2 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES | |
EP2552832A1 (en) | Method for producing graphene nanolayers | |
DE202012011892U1 (en) | Carbon nanomaterial | |
JP2007138341A (en) | Carbon fiber structure | |
EP3277646A1 (en) | Method for producing a nano- or microstructured foam | |
DE102017215665A1 (en) | METHOD FOR CLEANING CARBON NANOTUBES | |
WO2014195415A1 (en) | Method for producing multi-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube powder | |
DE602005003659T2 (en) | PREPARATION OF CARBONNANE TUBES | |
Li et al. | The influences of synthesis temperature and Ni catalyst on the growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20121101 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ARNDT, STEFAN Inventor name: STRASSBURG, THOMAS Inventor name: DATSYUK, VITALIY Inventor name: REICH, STEPHANIE Inventor name: TROTSENKO, SVITLANA |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20140429 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20170901 |