EP2548725A1 - Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes mit einer Profilform und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes mit einer Profilform und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2548725A1
EP2548725A1 EP12005062A EP12005062A EP2548725A1 EP 2548725 A1 EP2548725 A1 EP 2548725A1 EP 12005062 A EP12005062 A EP 12005062A EP 12005062 A EP12005062 A EP 12005062A EP 2548725 A1 EP2548725 A1 EP 2548725A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
matrix
roller
drum
punches
raw material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12005062A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zbigniew Musial
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zaklady Urzadzen Kotlowych Staporkow Spolka Akcyjna
Original Assignee
Zaklady Urzadzen Kotlowych Staporkow Spolka Akcyjna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zaklady Urzadzen Kotlowych Staporkow Spolka Akcyjna filed Critical Zaklady Urzadzen Kotlowych Staporkow Spolka Akcyjna
Publication of EP2548725A1 publication Critical patent/EP2548725A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/28—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using perforated rollers or discs

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is an apparatus for production of solid fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks and a method of solid fuel production.
  • Processes of treatment of fine-grained solid fuels, often waste ones, such as hard coal and/or lignite or coke which are left-overs of energy fuels featuring low usability are known.
  • Processes of transforming solid fuels, e.g. by making briquettes, pellets or granulate also employ the use of biomass of various origin and possibly fillers and binders.
  • the known processes of granulating solid fuels consist in forcing the homogenised raw material through a perforated matrixes are based on raking up the raw material which is forced through proper holes of the matrix under its own weight load or by the raking blades or by other forces exerted on the raw material blend.
  • the raw material compaction is relatively loose and slightly porous and the structure of produced briquettes or pellets may comprise microcavities filled with air or volatile substances emitted in the raw material treatment process.
  • the invention makes it possible to use various components in the process of moulding crumbled solid fuels.
  • Components of various types are known for example from the patent description PL194593 which revealed briquettes containing coal dust and/or coke and/or sawdust and/or peat and/or straw, and in which collagen produced from natural animal skins was used as a binder.
  • crumbled energy wastes were briquetted with the use of starch and its derivatives which were additionally modified with urea-formaldehydes.
  • Magnesium and zinc oxides were used a mineral binder in the briquetting process revealed in the Polish patent description PL177076 .
  • the apparatus and the method according to the invention can be applied to any, e.g. aforementioned raw materials, mostly solid fuels based on coal, coke and biomass.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to design an enhanced, universal apparatus to produce pre-formed solid fuels, especially a solid fuel granulator.
  • the apparatus for production of solid fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks comprising a raw material container or containers connected with the granulator directly or indirectly through the raw material fine grinding or/and homogenisation section, includes, according to the invention, a drum granulator consisting of a drum matrix with holes situated on its external surface and a roller which adjoins it from the outside and is provided with punches on its perimeter, where the matrix rotation axis is parallel to the roller rotation axis and the length of the punches is equal to or smaller than the depth of the conical part of the holes, and the diameter of the punches is smaller than the diameter of the conical part of the holes which in the external part of the matrix have a conical shape and then in the internal part of the matrix have a shape of cylinders.
  • the matrix is connected with a drive unit by means of a shaft and/or a roller is connected by means of a shaft with a drive unit. Inside the matrix, there is a solid fuel collecting duct receiving the fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks.
  • the object of the invention is also a method of producing solid fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks, comprising the raw material delivery through at least one container and optionally fine grinding and homogenisation of the raw material, characterised in that the fuel blocks are pre-formed in a drum granulator consisting of a drum matrix with holes which are situated on its external surface and through which, by means of a roller adjoining it from the outside and provided with punches on its perimeter, raw material is forced into the matrix, the raw material being charged gravitationally from the top of the granulator in the area where the matrix adjoins the roller.
  • the raw material is forced through the matrix holes by getting the matrix drum driven by a shaft as well as separately getting the roller driven by a shaft or by driving only the matrix drum or only the roller.
  • the raw material is recirculated directly or indirectly below the granulator back to the granulator.
  • fig. 1 presents a layout of the apparatus with one container and a fine grinding and/or homogenising section
  • fig. 2 - a layout of the apparatus with four containers for various raw materials
  • fig. 3 presents the apparatus with two containers
  • fig. 4 presents the apparatus with four containers and the fine grinding and/or homogenising section
  • fig. 5 - schematically a side view of the drum granulator with the marked "detail B" area
  • fig. 6 shows the detail B, i.e. a detailed cross-section view of the punches co-operating with the matrix holes
  • fig. 7 - a perspective view of the drum granulator with the direction of the raw material charge (S) and its recirculate flow (ZS) marked.
  • Fig. 1-4 shows various variants of the apparatuses comprising the drum granulator which makes the invention innovative.
  • the apparatus according to the invention in its simplest embodiment comprises a raw material container or containers 1, 2, 3, 4, and a drum granulator 10 with a raw material recirculate flow feeder Z, connected with the aforementioned container(s) by means of the feeder 5 or feeders 5, 6, 7, 8, as it is shown in fig. 2 and 3 .
  • the apparatus comprises a container 1 or several containers, e.g. containers 1, 2, 3 i 4 for various kinds of raw materials, a fine grinding and/or homogenisation section 9 and a feeder 11 connecting that section with a drum granulator 10 provided with a raw material recierculate flow feeder Z.
  • a container 1 or several containers e.g. containers 1, 2, 3 i 4 for various kinds of raw materials
  • a fine grinding and/or homogenisation section 9 e.g. containers 1, 2, 3 i 4 for various kinds of raw materials
  • a feeder 11 connecting that section with a drum granulator 10 provided with a raw material recierculate flow feeder Z.
  • Such example of the apparatuses is shown in fig. 1 and 4 .
  • the apparatus for production of solid fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks comprises the drum granulator 10, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in fig. 5-7 .
  • the granulator 10 is provided with a drum matrix 12 fixed on a shaft 14 and provided with moulding holes 16 and a roller 13 fixed on a shaft 15 and comprising punches 17 on its perimeter.
  • the holes 16 have a conical shape in the external part (adjoining the punches 17) and deep inside the matrix they change over to the cylindrical holes 18.
  • the ready formed solid fuel blocks are collected. They can be collected, e.g. through a duct with various types of rakes.
  • Fig. 7 shows the arrow S which indicates the direction of the gravitational downward raw material charge into the drum granulator.
  • the raw material is crushed between the matrix and the roller with the punches.
  • These two co-operating components move in mutually opposite directions which cause raking of the raw material between the matrix drum and the roller with the punches, and causes crushing the raw material between the adjoining side walls of the matrix drum and the roller with punches.
  • both co-operating elements i.e.
  • the matrix as well as the roller with the punches are connected with the drive units and driven autonomously (which is a variant of the invention), then the rotational speeds of the matrix and the roller are specifically adjusted to prevent the punches from contacting the matrix in course of the operation.
  • the operating elements do not come in contact with one another as an adequately precise transmission ratio is applied. Such solution significantly increases the lifetime of the apparatus by eliminating friction between metals.
  • Fig. 7 shows also the direction of delivery of the raw material which is not used in the process and which is turned back to the drum granulator directly or possibly by means of a container and the fine grinding and/or homogenisation section.
  • Both the matrix 12 and the roller 13 with the punches 17 can be driven by propeller shafts 14 and 15 or in another embodiment of the apparatus, only the roller with the punches or only the matrix can be driven, allowing the non-driven element adjust itself freely to the motion of the driven element. It is desirable while producing bigger solid fuel blocks.
  • Both the matrix and the roller with the punches have a cylindrical shape but their diameter can be freely adjusted in some measure - these do not have to be elements of the same diameter.
  • the apparatus and the method according to the invention are based on the application of a granulator featuring a special new design which makes it possible to significantly increase the raw material congestion to the form of hard, small size granules (pellets) or to produce larger size cylindrical briquettes, depending on the size of the used punches and holes in the drum matrix.
  • a granulator featuring a special new design which makes it possible to significantly increase the raw material congestion to the form of hard, small size granules (pellets) or to produce larger size cylindrical briquettes, depending on the size of the used punches and holes in the drum matrix.
  • the raw materials are pressed under the pressure exerted by the punches hitting the matrix holes which allows achieving greater compaction (increasing the density) of the produced pellets.
  • the apparatus it is possible to use a separate drive of the matrix with holes and the drum with punches which is preferable while producing small size granules or pellets. It is also possible to use a drive of only one co-operating element - for larger size briquettes. In that case, the punches become a part of the meshing gear, transmitting motion from one element onto the other while cooperating with the holes in the matrix. The risk of damaging the punches which could occur while producing big pellets with the use of drives both of the matrix as well as the roller with the punches is reduced.
  • the holes in the matrix have, in the external part (the the side of the roller with the punches), a conical shape which widens in the direction of the punches.
  • the holes are further cylindrical.
  • Such shape of the matrix holes allows the occurrence of minimum displacements between the settings of the punches and the holes so as to prevent these differences from causing additional resistance and possible damages in course of the granulator operation.
  • the roller with the punches is made in such way that the length of the punches is not bigger than the depth of the conical part of the holes in the moulding matrix.
  • the punches can have a shape of a cylinder or a cut cone. The shape of a conical punch is adjusted to fit the shape of the conical hole in the matrix.
  • the granulator can comprise a drum matrix with holes situated in any way in a few / several rows with various spacings, designed to suit the kind of the raw material actually processed and resistance occurring in course of the process.
  • the drum with adequately pre-set punches must co-operate with the matrix holes, so the sizes of the holes and the punches, their quantity and location on the perimeter of the drum must mutually correspond.
  • the setting of the matrix with the holes and the co-operating punches in such a way that the granulator is fed with the raw material vertically from the top additionally performs the function of "pressing" the raw material blend between the rotating matrix and the roller with the punches so that pressing the material through the matrix holes is facilitated.
  • the method according to the invention is used to obtain solid fuel in the form of pre-formed blocks in the shape of granules or pellets.
  • the apparatus according to the invention can comprise a container or several containers for various individual raw materials, i.e. lignite and/or hard coal, biomass, fillers and binders.
  • Individual raw materials are supplied by feeders to the fine grinding and/or homogenisation section and another feeder is used to supply a homogeneous blend to the drum granulator where the raw material blend is supplied from the top towards the drum matrix and the roller with the punches while the matrix and the roller rotate in mutually opposite directions and it is forced by the punches through the holes in the drum matrix inside the matrix drum from where the product is collected. Simultaneously, the raw material blend is turned back below the matrix and the roller with the punches which co-operate with each other.
  • the method according to the invention it is required to turn back the raw material which has not been formed as granulate.
  • the recirculated raw material is possibly inspected and homogenised with the output raw materials.
  • the method according to the invention in the embodiment allows producing granulate (pellets, briquettes), the form of which results from the shape of the round holes of the matrix.
  • the produced solid fuel can have any sizes (diameter and length), which are modified depending on raw materials or the pre-set purpose.
  • the pre-formed solid fuel can, for example, have the length of a few / several centimetres or even less than one centimetre. Also, the diameter of the produced blocks can vary from several millimetres to several centimetres.
  • the drum granulator can, however, be modified in such a way that it comprises a matrix and adequately adjusted punches which allow producing granulate with cross sections other than circular.
  • the granulate produced by the method according to the invention can be burnt in any type of boiler with any type of stove.
  • These can be automatic boilers with a retort furnace, boilers with a burner for pellet, fluidised bed boilers used in the power engineering sector, boilers with powdered fuel burners.
  • the solid fuel produced by the method according to the invention is also suitable for being co-burnt with other solid fuels.
  • Lignite dust with the grain size smaller than 50 mm fed by means of the feeder 5 from the container 1 in the amount of 40 weight %, is blended in the fine grinding section 9 with the hard coal dust fed by means of the feeder 6 from the container 2 with the grain size smaller than 10mm in the amount of 60 weight % until a homogeneous blend is produced.
  • the homogeneous blend is fed by the feeder 11 to the drum granulator where the solid fuel is formed.
  • granulate was produced from a blend comprising 50 weight % of lignite.
  • Coal dust with the grain size smaller than 50 mm in the amount of 60 weight %, fed from the container 1 or 2, plant biomass with 15% moisture content supplied from the container 3 in the amount of 30 % weight and a mineral binder from the container 4 in the amount of 10 weight % are supplied to the homogenisation section 9 and blended until a homogeneous blend is produced, and then supplied by means of the feeder 11 to the drum granulator 10 where it converted into pellets.
  • the crumbled biomass in the form of milled waste from a woodwork process, along with tree bark with the grain size smaller than 5 mm and low moisture level at approx.10%, is supplied from the container 3, blended with hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 from the container 4 in the amount of 10 volumetric units in relation to the biomass amount, left for 16 hours and then blended with coal dust (hard coal) from the container 1, in 1:1 volumetric ratio, i.e.
  • volatile ash from the container 4 is added in the amount of the 5 weight units in relation to the total weight of the coal dust and the biomass in the blend with the hydrated lime and then the produced homogenised blend is fed by means of the feeder 11 to the drum granulator 10 where it is granulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
EP12005062A 2011-07-18 2012-07-09 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes mit einer Profilform und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes Withdrawn EP2548725A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL395692A PL395692A1 (pl) 2011-07-18 2011-07-18 Urzadzenie do wytwarzania paliwa stalego w postaci uformowanych ksztaltek i sposób wytwarzania paliwa stalego

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL39569211 Previously-Filed-Application 2011-07-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2548725A1 true EP2548725A1 (de) 2013-01-23

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EP12005062A Withdrawn EP2548725A1 (de) 2011-07-18 2012-07-09 Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes mit einer Profilform und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines festen Brennstoffes

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EP (1) EP2548725A1 (de)
PL (1) PL395692A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2624693C1 (ru) * 2016-06-17 2017-07-05 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Карбамида И Продуктов Органического Синтеза" (Оао Ниик) Барабанный гранулятор
CN107650420A (zh) * 2017-11-11 2018-02-02 长沙翼希网络科技有限公司 一种用于煤炭工业的简易蜂窝煤成型机
CN109466105A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 扬州工业职业技术学院 一种秸秆颗粒和压块两用环模成型机

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1454887A1 (de) * 1963-12-30 1969-02-06 Ludwig Wittrock Vorrichtung zum Radialverduesen von plastischen und pulverfoermigen Massen,insbesondere thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
US3490390A (en) * 1968-02-06 1970-01-20 Randmaker Implements Proprieta Pelleting machines
GB2001579A (en) * 1977-08-04 1979-02-07 Berthelsen M Press especially for pressing straw material into briquettes
PL201369A1 (pl) 1977-10-06 1979-05-07 Inst Metali Niezelaznych Sposob wytwarzania spiekanych brazow cynowych
EP0126485A1 (de) * 1983-05-24 1984-11-28 Johann Sulzberger Pelletpresse
JPH06699A (ja) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-11 Itec:Kk 固形化装置
US5728447A (en) * 1993-07-20 1998-03-17 Haimer; Franz Pressed body prepared from plant material by pelletization and device for preparing same
PL174678B1 (pl) 1994-02-15 1998-08-31 Inst Chem Przerobki Wegla Sposób przygotowania mieszanki węglowej do brykietowania
PL174972B1 (pl) 1994-08-19 1998-10-30 Inst Chem Przerobki Wegla Sposób wytwarzania brykietów węglowych
PL177076B1 (pl) 1994-12-09 1999-09-30 Przed Wielobranzowe Vet Agro S Brykiet
EP1306199A2 (de) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-02 Ecotre System S.r.l. Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Pellets
PL194593B1 (pl) 2001-03-20 2007-06-29 Dominika Szczepaniak Ekologiczne brykiety energetyczne
DE202009001697U1 (de) * 2009-02-11 2009-05-20 Hochgatterer, Josef Vorrichtung zum Pressen von Pellets

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1454887A1 (de) * 1963-12-30 1969-02-06 Ludwig Wittrock Vorrichtung zum Radialverduesen von plastischen und pulverfoermigen Massen,insbesondere thermoplastischen Kunststoffen
US3490390A (en) * 1968-02-06 1970-01-20 Randmaker Implements Proprieta Pelleting machines
GB2001579A (en) * 1977-08-04 1979-02-07 Berthelsen M Press especially for pressing straw material into briquettes
PL201369A1 (pl) 1977-10-06 1979-05-07 Inst Metali Niezelaznych Sposob wytwarzania spiekanych brazow cynowych
EP0126485A1 (de) * 1983-05-24 1984-11-28 Johann Sulzberger Pelletpresse
JPH06699A (ja) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-11 Itec:Kk 固形化装置
US5728447A (en) * 1993-07-20 1998-03-17 Haimer; Franz Pressed body prepared from plant material by pelletization and device for preparing same
PL174678B1 (pl) 1994-02-15 1998-08-31 Inst Chem Przerobki Wegla Sposób przygotowania mieszanki węglowej do brykietowania
PL174972B1 (pl) 1994-08-19 1998-10-30 Inst Chem Przerobki Wegla Sposób wytwarzania brykietów węglowych
PL177076B1 (pl) 1994-12-09 1999-09-30 Przed Wielobranzowe Vet Agro S Brykiet
PL194593B1 (pl) 2001-03-20 2007-06-29 Dominika Szczepaniak Ekologiczne brykiety energetyczne
EP1306199A2 (de) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-02 Ecotre System S.r.l. Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Pellets
DE202009001697U1 (de) * 2009-02-11 2009-05-20 Hochgatterer, Josef Vorrichtung zum Pressen von Pellets

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2624693C1 (ru) * 2016-06-17 2017-07-05 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Карбамида И Продуктов Органического Синтеза" (Оао Ниик) Барабанный гранулятор
CN109466105A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 扬州工业职业技术学院 一种秸秆颗粒和压块两用环模成型机
CN107650420A (zh) * 2017-11-11 2018-02-02 长沙翼希网络科技有限公司 一种用于煤炭工业的简易蜂窝煤成型机

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