EP2545221A1 - "l" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is included into the field of hydraulic engineering units and relates to the "L" SHAPE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND METHODS OF ITS USE. By this invention solved is the problems of the design, manufacture, storage and application of mobile element for the hydraulic engineering, which if arranged in a mutually connected series form a multitasking protective line of defense for protection against high water with an reversible period of 0.1% VV, with a high degree of static stability, sealing efficiency, aesthetic easy insertable into different spaces and with more worth commercial efficiency for the same protection efficiency degree. This is achieved by subject "L" shaped element (1) consisting of two reinforced-concrete perpendicularly integrally connected blocks (2) and (3) which on its sides have formed shallow grooves (4) and (5) of to insert foam rubber gaskets (26), while on the segment (3) are formed tubular openings (7) for insertion of steel pins (9) for their connection to foundation and for the increase of the sliding stability.

Description

"L" SHAPE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

AND METHODS OF ITS USE

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject invention includes, generally speaking, in the construction area, and more accurately to the hydraulic engineering constructions and application of structursl blocks, and specifically refers to the structural element for errectable and permanent barriers.

According to the International Patent Classification (IPC, Int.Cl.⁷) the subject invention is classified and defined with the basic classification symbol E02B 3/06, by which are marked harbor moles, piers, quays; quay walls, groynes, breakwaters, as well by secondary symbol, E02D 17/00 which relates to making embankments.

As the subject invention, in addition to the protection of the defended spaces, achieve also the regulation of the river flow, so the invention can be marked by the following secondary classification symbols E02B 3/02, which refers to the lining of riverbanks, and E02D 17/20, which define the secure stabilization of slopes or inclines of embankments.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Technical problems which have to be resolved by the subject invention consists of the following:

How to design a universal mobile structural elements for the hydraulic engineering which will:

- overreach the quay walls and embankments, or by which will be possible to form a mobile defensive lines on the places where it was not possible to form such lines, or where the line is not duly formed as stable defensive line and by these elements prevent the overflow and flooding large water over these defensive lines with 1.0% and 0.1% probability of occurrence.

- form a watertight barrier for a large water loads, statically stable with effective sealing, where elements have to be cost effective in manufacture, suitable for storage on a relatively small area, aesthetically acceptable for different types of urban quays, in storage these have to fit into urban environment, or through the store in the defensive line gets another temporary architectural features. It should always have an insight into the elements state as well into the situation of the lines onto which will be formed mobile flood protection;

- establish a temporary watertight localized barriers along roads and streets for the protection of individual buildings, vulnerable town areas, city districts or for the surrounding by barriers whole cities; - quickly and easily create temporary pools of the required shape and volume on the places where needed;

- easy to build a stable, but flexible harbour piers resistant to the changes in water level in the water flow as well to wave actions, especially suitable for the protection of highly vulnerable places on the banks of rivers and of accumulation lakes, vulnerable sections of embankments and existing buildings in the zones where the waters oscillates.

STATE-OF-THE-ART

The process of urbanization, industrialization and construction of transportation and utility infrastructure to the greatest extent affect the areas along the river flows. The concentration of the major urban, industrial and utility potential along the river flows requires continuous increase in the degree of flood protection. Degrees of protection provided with existing defensive lines have to be periodically reconsidered. To ensure the desired level of protection, these existing lines must be periodically reconstructed and their height upgraded. In cases where we have already built defensive lines, their adjustment to the new conditions is extremely complex, often very complicated and expensive. The announced climate changes are in progress. Large waters are even greater, and small waters even lesser. Great waters will bring floods, so the defense of these is one of the major factors of sustainable development. The most common form of passive protection of the defended space are linear objects - dykes, quay walls etc. Protective height of existing buildings for flood protection within changed circumstances have become insufficient. In this case, use of mobile flood defense systems must be applied. Therefore, the technical and organizational safety measures and means for their implementation must be continually improved following the general progress of science and technology. Flooding and following damages are the result of complex hydrological - hydraulic processes of stochastic character. Facilities and systems for the flood protection are sized to fit high waters anticipated for certain probability of occurrence. The degree of protection provided with defensive lines should correspond to the values of the defended goods. Increase in values of the defended goods must result in growing the level of their protection. Thisfrom follows the conclusion that the protection from floods and other unfavourable effects of water must be carried out permanently, according to the plans and preventivelly. Only in such a manner, the major material damages can be reduced or completely avoided. Considering the existing state of the art, as well the specific needs of protection, the author has invented the system of mobile defensive lines for urban and suburban conditions. By these, in a simple and extremely effective way, may be resolved a many problems in the cases of flood insufficiently protected parts of the territory and cities or use of this mobile system to the existing buildings for flood significantly raises the level of protection of existing stable defensive line to the next level.

Designed system of mobile defensive lines is the formation of waterproof barriers made of concrete "L" shape shape elements. Through a series of examples designed with wateiproof barriers, are given the solutions of problems of other areas also, although the application in against floods defense is the most important.

One of such common needs is the formation of temporary pools that can be used for different purposes. The need for them exists in various fields of water management, municipal engineering, agriculture, industry, ecology, civil engineering, recreation and the like. In addition, the universality of "L" shape elements is applicable for making a static and stable, but resilient embankments.

A review of the available domestic and foreign patent documentation has revealed the following:

- in the patent specification no. YU 41891 C3 06.04.1988 inventor Marasovic Nenad from Split has disclosed the "Structural element for the protection of buildings from the action of water waves". Element according to this invention is made of three prisms placed in the form of star arms pointed at an angle of 120° and a middle body connecting the prism. Structural element is horizontal rather than raised above the horizontal plane, which has increased the stability of the element.

- in the patent specification no. YU 24,503 B 31.12.1964 Ing. Hallbjorn Roald SVEE from Norway presented "Block for the coastal protective coverings". Presented block contains the front side made as inwardly brocken concave surface and a back side made as outwardly brocken convex surface, whereby the body of the block contains one or more cross channels as the water throughgoing passage next to the base. Since the lateral sides are made as complementary, such blocks can be easily assembled and make the defensive foundation which protects the coast. Turning over of blocks is disabled by its stacking so that the blocks faces eachother, whereby the blocks are practically mutually interlocked on the place so that each block support neighbouring blocks in resisting the compression effect of water.

- in the patent specification no. US 3,488,964 A issued to the japanese company GIKEN KOGYO KK (Inventor Kubo Tamotsu) disclosed is the invention with the title„Concrete block" where is an reinforced concrete block described, consisting of two separable segments which are forming a wall embankment. By analysis of the invention it can be easily seen that the elements of this block designed with the analogue protrusions and recesses require high accuracy in forming a defensive walls, are heavy and large in volume and therefore are very complicated to be applied in urban areas especially in the very frequent urban quays.

By careful examination of the patent documentation and scientific literature in the subject area, it was determined that there is a whole range of artificial, protective blocks of different shapes, which in order to fulfill its purpose must be very heavy and of a substantial size. These blocks are known under the name "Tetrapoda" and all of them are characterized that have protrusions by which form stable interlocked sequences. Their wider application is related to the protection of marine docks, breakwater and facilities placed on the rivers characterized by torrent and fast water flow. This which also characterize these features and is different in relation to the subject invention is that they are stable and ones placed and set into protection functions remain in that place as long as last the material from which they are made.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Subject invention has completely solved the ahead defined technical problems.

The essence of the invention is that the hidraulic building element, according to the author's idea, re'alized as a universal, mobile, easy to built in, reinforced concrete structure made as mutually perpendicular parallelepiped formed segments integrally connected, so that their cross section has the appearance of latin letter "L" shape . Of these elements, by their appropriate arranging is formed a watertight barrier, like on the existing facilities for passive defense against floods, so on the other places where previously there were no defensive lines.

The novelty of the invention is reflected in the fact that in the lateral sides of constructive elements, according to the invention, are realized longitudinal grooves in which, when setting up the block into security position, are inserted foamed rubber gaskets, which accomplished effectively sealing and protection from the breaking of water through the ensembles between adjacent elements and between base elements and the stand on which it is placed.

The novelty of the invention is also in that the subject constructive element has tubular openings for insertion of steel pins, by which are made necessary additional fixing to the foundation, preventing sliding and shearing or the elements connections one to each other. By such a way, significantly is increased the static stability and security of the formed mobile wall, i.e. of the mobile defense line also in case of wave impacts caused by wind, or of the boats, or of strong water streams which hit the formed wall, like in the case of waves flooded higher than calculated.

The essence of the invention is reflected also in the manner the subject elements are stored, which provides a completely new concept of organizing and managing mobile flood defense. Storage of mobile defense elements is positioned next to the place of application or at the site of application. Urban functions can be given to the stored elements, where such store does not require any expensive or special storage facilities, but the use of existing spaces of the stable structures for passive flood defense, parks next to the rivers; the spaces in the defense zone, the basic purposes of which have limited ability for other purposes use; spaces in the vicinity of sewage systems suction pump stations (CS) that have very limited possibilities for other purposes, or the spaces that can not be used or are not used for other purposes directly near the defensive line.

The advantage of the subject invention is represented with fact that the "L" shape shape elements are stored in the open. If are made well and properly, are inert to atmospheric influences, and in case of damage may be easily replaced.

The novelty of the invention is also represented by the fact that the storage of the elements in the line of defense is forming a new urban facilities which are giving to the stored elements a new active function. The area where these new urban facilities are formed is enriched with new content and a new feature of stored elements is suitable for river banks and city quays.

The novelty of the invention is also the fact that the author has invented a series of technical solutions in linear storage of elements built in passive defense structures realized so that they always are at the scene of their application, and that there are unobservable. Significant advantage is also, that the application of the invention does not disturb the existing aesthetic features of city quays and embankments.

The essence of the invention is reflected also in a series of constructive solutions of concentrated storing a number of elements close by the defense line or directly on the line of defense, whereby the storage solution completely customized to the terms of strict aesthetic requirements for coastal areas and significantly improve them aesthetically and make them more dignified.

The novelty of the invention is also the effective applicability of constructive, "L" shape elements for the quick formation of waterproof barriers also on the other flat surfaces such as asphalt roads, concrete plateaux, or on the previously prepared earth courts, and even on the under-prepared surfaces. This allows establishment of corrective mobile lines of defense on the roads, streets and other areas, when the need arises, and where formation of a defensive line was not previously been planned. In large floods, such are in most cases a second and third line of defense. In each of these untypical application cases and in difficult application conditions, it is sometimes appropriate to apply additional measures of protection against water breakthrough through the mobile barrier and other solutions for these conditions. Such additional measures include: use of long steel wedges; fitting the double horizontal and vertical gaskets; use of naylon foils; placing additional loads on the short segment of the elements (sacks fulfilled with earth or sand, various concrete elements, other near at hand objects, etc.).

"L" shape element dimensions, are defined in accordance with the specific defense needs as well to specifically defined requirements and needs of the place of application.

What particularly distinguishes the invention compared to similar technical solutions is the formation of a mobile defense lines with ready-made elements with use of minimum working time, with the involvement of a small number of trained people and with use of standard construction machinery (cranes, excavators, forklifts, loaders, trucks, etc.).

In relation to the technical solutions of mobile flood defense, known to the author, structural element according to this invention, has several advantages where some of which are listed as follows:

- it is made from domestic materials and in our plants;

- it is made timely and in a planned manner,

-the universality of its application to all types of quays and embankments and other places where the needs have arised;

-the simplicity of "L" shaped element, with the possibility of its correction and its making in different dimensions;

-large static stability with the possibility of increasing stability on the spot using wedges and sacks in case of adverse circumstances;

-high degree of sealing between the elements in the security wall and the substrate;

-element dimensions are determined according to the required protective level in the area of application.

-significantly lower costs of protection related to the applied similar technical solutions, especially if the comparison is done with the condition of approximately the same level of security for both, urban and out of town conditions;

-storage of the subject elements shall be on the open spaces within the defensive line or in the warehouse located next to the defensive line, which can be easily incorporated within the existing architectural apearance of the space;

-costs of storage, preservation and maintenance of storage elements and locations are negligible; -Developed storage solutions are grouped into three aspects of storage: 1. in line 2. concentrated and 3 line-concentrated storage. The main feature of any form of storage is the storage coefficient Ks, which represents the number of meters of stored elements to meter required storage. P T/RS2010/000008

- Line storage allows that mobile defense elements are unobservable, incorporated or embedded in the defense line. Storage coefficient Ks > 1.

- Concentrated storage requires very little storage space for storing a large number of mobile elements according to the original subject solution storage and access of machinery for taking and returning the elements in the warehouse. Storage coefficient Ks = 9.6

- Line-concentrated storage is represented by making a very different architectural solutions, buildings, urban complexes with the "L" shape elements along the future line of mobile defense, appropriate for the river banks, that such content ennobles. The storage coefficient Ks = 3 to 20.

- temporary pools formed by "L" shape elements, of wide variety of purposes, shapes and sizes can be installed for a short time on the places where they are needed.

- embankments and supporting walls of the "L" shape elements are stable and flexible structures suitable for use in the reconstruction and protection of highly vulnerable river banks and accumulation lakes or incisions of earth slopes and kerfs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS

In order to make easier the understanding of the invention as well as showing how it can be achieved in practice, the author, for example only, refers to the attached drawings relating to the subject application, and where:

-Figure 1 shows the appearance of "L" shape elements in the vertical cross section;

-Figure 2 is an axonometric appearance of "L" shape, elements in its sideview;

-Figure 3 shows one way of storing "L" shape elements to the defensive line on the quay wall on its undefended side;

-Figure 4 is a schematic view of the method for placing the element in the defensive position; -Figure 5 a schematic view of a vertical cross-section of the quay wall with subject "L" shape element in the defensive position;

-Figure 6 a schematic view of another way of storing "L" shape element in the defensive line in view from the defended side;

-Figure 7 represent a schematic view of the method for the placing "L" shape element in a defensive position;

-Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of quay wall vertical cross-section with "L" shape element in the defensive position;

-Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the third method of storage within the storage line of "L" shape elements stored at a high quay wall; -Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the "L" shape elements in the defensive position at the high quay wall;

-Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the stored "L" shape element in the promenade on the defense line against floods;

-Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the "L" shape element in the defensive position on the promenade;

-Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the stored "L" shape element in the promenade on the defense line against floods, which is in the reconstruction, whereas the quay wall is annexed so that raises his top figured dimension to the required height;

-Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the elements in its defensive position in the reconstructed quay wall;

-Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of stored "L" shape element on the top of an land embankment so that the stored elements form a promenade or bicycle road;

-Figure 16 ia a schematic diagram of the set "L" shape elements in the defensive position on the top of an land embankment;

-Figure 17 ia a schematic diagram of storage "L" shape elements on the top of an land embankment within the the road on the embankment, so that the stored elements form a pavement or a promenade;

-Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the "L" shape elements in the defensive position on the asphalt road on the top of an land embankment;

-Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of storage "L" shape elements on the defended embankment slope;

-Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the placing procedure whereeas "L" shape elements are set into the defensive position and preparing the places for posting on the top of a land embankment; -Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the "L" shape elements in the defensive position;

-Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of concentrated storage, in the form of "flakes" with an manipulative way around the storage;

-Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the concentrated storage, in the form of "cross" with manipulative way around the storage;

-Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of concentrated line storage in double-row multisectional storage;

-Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of concentrated line storage in one-row onesectional storage; -Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of concentrated line storage of "L" shape elements in the form of one-sided platform with the three hight levels at which the storage coefficient is Ks = 6; -Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of concentrated line storage of "L" shape elements in the form of two-sided platforms with the four hight levels at which the storage coefficient of is Ks = 18;

-Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the temporary pool of the "L" shape elements on the waterproof surface;

-Figure 29 is a temporary pool of "L" shape elements in the perspective view on the waterproof surface;

-Figure 30 is a schematic view of the cross-section through embankments made of "L" shape elements which is very stable and resistant to the effect of waves;

-Figure 31 is an axonometric view of the embankment made of "L" shape elements;

-Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the groove and the foam rubber seal - seals for the horizontal sealing between "L" shape elements and the substrate;

-Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the groove and the foam rubber seal - seals for the vertical sealing between the "L" shape elements;

-Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of an device for additional sealing of places where leakage can occur through a mobile barrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Defensive line formed by a series of dovetailed structural "L" shape elements, as it is seen in Figure 7, is planned primarily as an additional protection from flooding by forming mobile line of defense on the city quays, dams in the cities and outside cities, but also successfully may be applied on the other vulnerable places where a stable defensive line are not formed, for making lokalized embankments, embankments of second and third defensive line or as a corrective solution, and where the conditions of its application are satisfied.

Structural "L" shape element, as it may be seen in Figure 4, is realized as reinforced-concrete structure in form of a parallelepiped the vertical cross section of which has the appearance of latin letter "L" shape. The length of segment 2 of element is approximately twice the length of integrally realized, in relation to it, a perpendicular segment 3 Both segments 2 and 3 of the element 1 have the appearance of narrow quadrilaterals and contain inside an appropriate reinforcing net 8. Free ends of this segment are flat vertical side edges 10 and 1 1. Along both lateral sides of segment 2, at equal distance from its rims, are realized along all its length straight grooves 4 of a shallow circular cross section. These grooves are provided for the insertation of seals shown in the figures 32 and 33, preferably made of foam rubber or a similar waterproof material or material which, after absorption of water, increases its volume. On the outer bottom side wall segment 3, in the line of vertical grooves on the sides, is the groove 5 for horizontal sealing which is made to prevent water leakage between the elements 1 and the base on which it is placed. Groove 5 is straight in all its length and is also of a shallow circular cross section, and is used for insertion of foam rubber or of a similar sealing material. Besides groove 5 is the same parallel groove 6 which is a spare groove for additional sealing. On the short segment 3, perpendicularly to the surface are made tubular openings 7 for the insert of pins 9 shown in Figures 8 and 9, which, in the process of defense activities are set only in the cases when the additional water pressure on the elements or the wave strikes by wind are arised, which may cause sliding and shear of elements. Pins 9 are made of reinforced steel of a certain diameter and are integral parts of the equipment for a mobile defense. Their dimensions are determined to enter the lower ends in the openings on the base. Openings in the base may be prepared before or are made later when the elements are placed. On the inner surface of segment 2 slightly above the the gravity centers line of elements, are predetermined the spots for hooking and lifting of elements. It is possible to hitch the element in number of ways that differ according to whether the ring 12 is countersunk in the block or is free. Which hitching way will be applied depends on the storage system of "L" shape elements. Ring 12 may be positioned elsewhere also, which in turn depends on the storage of elements and is defined before an "L" shape element is made. When handling, element 1 is hitched in two positions. Superiority of each hitching position is in that is dimensioned in such a manner that it may receive the entire load of the element in case of need to be hooked on one position only. Lifting and moving of elements is performed by one of the available construction machinery.

Particularly is emphasised that technical solution of a mobile constructive "L" shape element with the longitudinal straight grooves 4, 5 and 6 in which are inserted gaskets 26 and 27, is a technical novelty which effectively prevent the leak between the lateral joints of elements 1 like between the connections of them and supporting surfaces on which are placed.

On the formed mobile barrier it should be distinguished primary sealing and additional (corrective, sporadical) sealing.

Figures 32 and 33 shows two forms of gaskets - seals made of foam rubber for primary sealing. They are set at the time of installation in the specified grooves 4, 5 and 6. "L" shape element 1 is positioned by its groove 5 on the horizontal gasket 26. Vertical gasket 27 is positioned at the moment element 1 is aproaching to the him adjacent element 1. "L" shape element is sufficiently heavy to effectively deform gaskets 26 and 27 and impress them into the ruggedness in the surface and thus achieve effective sealing. Gaskets 26 and 27 have the form of tubes for horizontal sealing or double connected hose 27 for the vertical sealing. This form enable deformability and elasticity.

In addition to primary sealing, in mobile lines for the defense may arise the needs for additional sealing. Additional sealing will be necessary if the primary gaskets 26 and 27 for various reasons are incorrectly set. The mobile flood defense lines, in spite of planning, repeatedly are set at the last moment, quickly, by bad weather conditions, during rain, with unskilled personnel, with inadequate mechanization, on the unprepared line or on the damaged line, etc. The problem becomes more difficult by the fact that poor sealing in some places may be seen only when the mobile wall is charged by water. As the water level is higher leakage will be significantly higher. All above said are reasons for primary sealing, which is very simple, but nevertheless is not complet. For these conditions, the author has invented solution with additional sealing and device by which the additional sealing is realized.

The Figure 34 shows the device and method of additional sealing. The device consists of a plastic tube 28 which upper end exceeds into funnel 29, while the lower end is finnished by arch 30 bented at an angle approximately 30 degrees, which is realized in such a way that when the tube is in verticall position next to the wall, tube opening 28 will lean against the wall, respectivelly to the vertical side of the element 1 The length of tube 28 should be greater than the height of the wall.

When the leakage on a joint is observed, the sealing device is brought and set in a place of leak, and then into the tube 28 is poured a sealing material. As sealing materials usually are used a sand, gravel, earth, and the best is a clinker - ash. Sealing material 31 sunk through the tube 28 to the leakage site. When the material flow out of the tube 28, water take it with and seal the leakage place. From the speed of water stream formed near the gap, depends the size of particles that the stream will carry with to seal the gap. So, first will be caught both, large and small particles, and on the gap will be stopped just large ones. Then, with the reduction of the speed of stream, on the gap opening will be deposited smaller and smaller particles as the gap does not close.

Static stability of the "L" shape element 1 are calculated to turnover, ie rotation the element around the edge of a small segment under the influence of the water force i.e moment made by this force to which resist the weight of element i.e the elements moment of stability. The second condition for the element stability is the stability to shearing the element along the ground. Shearing of element along the ground is caused by the shearing force of water, and to it resists the friction force. The friction force depends on the elements weight and of the coefficient of friction. The weight of element 1 is determined and known, but the coefficient of friction is very changeable and as a factor of stability of a "L" shape element in the terms of flood defense, uncertain category.

The ratio of moments of the weight stability of the element and of turnover moment by water force is a stability coefficient to turnover. Dimensions of the "L" shape element 1 are determined according to the each particular request. Since it is an universal element for which is not known in which conditions will be applied, it is possible to set the dimensions so that the stability to the turnover of elements is set to be always Fs = 1.1 to 1.15 at the moment when the water level reaches the top edge of the positioned element. Such element will remain stable to the turnover when the water is overflowing it.

For the mobile defense lines for protection with VV 0.1 % probability, such security is not required. In our practice, the Danube embankment are dimensioned to VV 1 % probability so that on the earth embankment provided crown overpass of 1.2 m above that level. In urban conditions, urban quays are dimesioned also to VV 1% probability with overpass of 0.8 m. If it is wanted protection from VV 0.1% probability in urban conditions, then it may be calculated, based to the applicable waters, which mean the waters of about 20 cm to 40 cm over the current line-level of city quays. This means that the mobile line of defense on the town quay at the current VV 0.1% probability will be loaded from 20 to 40 cm of column of water. Since various possible suiprises in the river levels from which we have to defend by mobile defense systems, author is of the opinion that "L" shape elements should not be made with heights less than 1.2 m.

From Figures 3, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 18 can be easily observed that by mobile barriers made of the "L" shape elements placed on the city quays that are dimensioned to VV1% 4- 0.8 m, the mobile barrier height of 1.2 m provides protection of VV 0.1 % probability of occurrence with overpass of 0.8 m. In our country this is accepted and prescribed criteria for the flood defense. On many parts of defense lines, these criteria are not met, and there in conditions when the ample waters do not reach the water level of the hundred years return period, is applied a mobile defense system by which is compensated the missing height of a stable defensive line to the prescribed. The mobile defense systems must be seriously reckoned due to adverse changes in hydrological conditions, the coincidence of adverse flow of rivers, and they follow the various surprises in the form of a permanent increase in ample waters. On the other hand, mobile flood defense systems, are needed to ensure an adequate increased level of protection of defended property, which in the cities increases enormously. For proving the feasibility of the invention and for illustration efficiency in defense, calculation is given for the mobile element in height of 1.2 m, with 0.6 m of the base and with thickness of both segments by 0.2 m, which is loaded by 1.2 m column of water. Gi= 0.4 * 0.2 * 2450 = 196 kg / m'

G₂= 0.20 * 1.2 * 2450 = 588 kg / m'

W= 1.2 * 1.2 * 0.5 * 1000 = 720 kg / m'

Gj* 0.2 + G₂*0.50 > F_s * W *0.40

For the height of 1.2 m column of water.→

F_s = ( 196* 0.20 + 588 * 0.50 ) : ( 720 * 0.4 )

F_g = 1.16

The security coefficient of such wall to overturn under loads of water column up to the crown of the wall, ie. those with height of 1.2 m is Fs = 1.16, which means that this wall is stable to overturn and for the loads up to the crown wall. This wall can be overflowed, and will remain stable to overturn. Although the regulations have not explicitly defined security coefficient of mobile safety wall to overturn, engineering experience, provides that the concrete structure has to ensure safety coefficient of Fs = 1.15.

If in the above example, the wall is loaded with a water column up to 1.0 m (0.2 m under crown of the wall), the coefficient of stability to overturn increases to Fs = 2.02.

However, if is estimated that the wall will not be charged with water to its upper edge, as shown in the previous example, the dimensions of the wall may be reduced, and thus its weight. This is important in the first place because of the manipulations with the elements when assembling and disassembling a wall, and then because of the cost of the elements. In the case lighter elements are used, in extreme conditions their additional loading by sacks is applied. Element is universal, but the dimensions are checked depending of the load to which will be displayed. If the elements are designed for a particular place, then the dimensions of the elements are determined according to the needs of that particular place.

Ratio of elements weight G and shearing force of water W in the above example, is G/W = 788/720 = 1.09. Depending on the amount of waters height which is loading the element and quality of the ground foundation on which the element is placed i.e of friction which is formed between the "L" element bearing surface and the ground foundation on which is laid, elements must additionaly be secured against the shearing. Therefore, on the base are anticipated the openings through which steel pins are mounted to engage shear forces of the water and transferre them to the surface. In addition to pins 9, it is possible, depending on the evaluation of ground foundation condition and of the water level, loading the element by sand sacks or by ranging sand sacks in raw besides elements additionaly to increase shearing strength. This is important in placing the "L" elements on the sodden earth ground foundation and the water level that is closer to the numeric level of stability limit to the shearing. This illustrates how much security provides the subject technical solution if the wall is used as an independent defense line which is charged with water. At the same time it shows how a technical solution using the mobile concrete wall as a protection wall over a large significant water qualitatively, stable and provides great security both in regular situations, and in extraordinary and unpredictable ones.

Although it goes on universal technical solution, method the invention is used for flood protection, is estimated by endangered space that has to be protected from flooding. The authors ideaon the application of "L" elements is expressed by many ways: for mobile systems of flood defension on the city quays, on the dams, for flood protection outside the city area, for the formation of different defensive lines, or for the reinforcement of existing ones, for the protection of individual objects, for protection of town quarters and even of entire cities. By constructive "L" elements 1 may be built a temporary pools for various purposes. Pools are often required for temporary, seasonal, acccidental or other disposal of various materials, usually forwarded hydraulically into the pool. The needs for these pools occur in various areas such as construction engineering, agriculture, oil industry, food industry, as well by the various accidents, waste water purification, for the provision of supplies of the technical, technological, fire water, as the reservoir of atmospheric water, as a temporary separation and precipitation basins, as well as mini-retentions, as well as interventional infiltration pools for the control of groundwater movements within the accidents, for recreational purposes also and the like.

By constructive "L" elements may be formed a very stable, but resilient constructions of embankments of rivers and accumulation lakes, on the places exposed to bad effects of waves, then the supporting walls of unstable ground and other slopes.

A particularly peculiar characteristic of this solution is unique storage ways of "L" elements, developed in three aspects of storage:

I - Line storage of "L" elements in the defense line.

II - Concentrated storage of elements is characterized by a large number of elements stored in one place. This type of storage can be applied in places where can not be delays and difficulties in communication between the depot and defense line.

Ill - Line concentrated storage is a type of the concentrated storage of elements on the defense line, where to the elements is given another temporary utility function appropriate to the section of defense line.

Example 1

The figures 1 to 21 show the first of three described types of storage - linear storage. How it may be seen on the figures 1, 2 and 3, shown is a technical solution of the formation of mobile defense line in a stable defense line of the city where there is quay wall 13 that meets the requirements for protection of 1% VV. Using the "L" elements achieved is the protection against high waters with return period of 0.1% VV. The specificity of this variant solution is that it do not need special storage area for the storing of elements 1, since these are stored on the site of the future assembly, in the city quay 13 on its undefended side. Internal side of element 1 is forming passable foot-path 14 on the undefended quay wall, next to the edge beams 15 and slope of embankment 16 On the defended side of the quay wall 13 is formed the walking foot-path 17 which is not disruptive and is used as machinery circulation track during assembling the mobile defense line. By hooking up and raising, element 1 is placed in the defensive position on a flat surface of quay wall 13.

Example 2

In Figures 6, 7 and 8 is shown the solution of stored "L" elements 1 with defended side of the quay wall 13 where the inner surface of the element 1 ia a part of the walking foot-path 17. The "L" element 1 is stored so that visually is an integral part of the quay wall 13. Lifting of the element 1 and setting the same into the defensive position is done by the machinery, as shown in figures 6 and 7.

Example 3

In Figures 9 and 10 is shown a specific case of storage. The "L" element 1 on the high quay wall 13 which has a passable foot-path 17 and 14 on the both sides. The "L" element 1 is fixed by pins 9 in the first as well in the second position.

Example 4

The Figures 11 and 12 show the manner of line storage of "L" element 1 in the level of foot-path 17 in the formed lines of mobile defense. This method of storage and application of the element 1 is convenient because it is possible to move on to the undefended side of "L" element as well because it is in place of lean the element 1 on the mole can be advantageously resolve the groundwork filtering stability in mobile defense line. From the enclosed figures is visible that the element 1 is stored in the hole near the end of defended embankment so that its end 2 is immersed in the sand 19, while the longer end 3 is placed on groundwork 20, where its upper edge is on the level of foot-path 17.

Example 5

On the figures 13 and 14 is shown a solution for reconstruction of the existing defense line. Existing foot-path 17 and the quay wall 13 are levelled and strengthened by the element 1, whereby the connection to the ground with added element is strengthened by pins 9. In this way, is formed a new foot-path and within it, on the opposite side of quay wall 13 is stored "L" element 1 on the groundwork 20. Stored "L" element 1 is covered by sand 19 and levelled with grass cover. After setting up the "L" element 1 in the protective position, pins 9 can be placed. Bed of the stored elements are temporarily filled with sand 19.

Example 6

On the figures 15-18 are shawn two cases of "L" elements 1 storage on the crown of earth dam 21. In the first case in Fig. 15 and 16 dam is with earth crown 21 and with statically and filtrationally prepared line 24, and element 1 is stored on a solid foundation 22 and poured with sand 19. Mobile defense line is formed by errection of element 1 and placing the same into the defensive position.

Second case is shawn on the figures 17 and 18 where is storage of element 1 made in the form of sidewalk next to the asphalt roadway 23 in the crown 21 of the embankment on the defended side, on the foundation 22, covered with sand 19. In preparation for the establishment of mobile defensive line the dam 21 is filtrationally protected by the structure 24 from breaking of water through the construction of the roadway 23. The "L" element 1 is placed in a protective position so that a shorter side 2 sets on the end of the asphalt roadway 23, whereas the long edge 3 is in the same plane with the back of the defensive structures 24.

Example 7

In Figures 19, 20 and 21 is shown the storage of "L" elements 1 on the defended slope of trapezoidal dam with clay crown 21. In preparation for making a mobile defensive line of the "L" elements on the crown of the earth embankment, filtrationally and statically is arranged a defensive structure 24 of the mobile line. Defended slopes of the defensive dam 21 near the major rivers in our country are made of sand so the storage of elements 1 is easy. Drawing out the elements 1 is done with the mechanization moving on the crown 21 of the embankment and placing them in a defensive position. Around the "L" element 1 in the defensive position is compressed the removed earth 25.

Example 8

In Figures 22 to 25 shown are other types of storage indicated as - concentrated storage.

In Figure 22 shown is concentrated storage in the flake form storage space. This storage represents the efficiency of the concentrated form of storage. It stores a large number of elements in a small space. In addition, it is by its form adapted to the possibility that simultaneously, from each of the storage spur, can be independently taken the element and loaded on the transportation means. The elements may be placed in the bottom level of the ground, partially buried in the ground or completely buried. Around the storage is manipulative way, and access to the storage should be from the more directions. Rapidity of taking the elements from storage depends on the needs, and accordingly is arranged the storage, traffic regulation. Rapidity of taking the elements is essential when there is a time shortness for the formation of mobile defense line. The diameter of the circle of shown storage is 2R ~ 17.5 m, its area is about 240 m2 and stored is 250 elements. If the elements are of 2 m length, this correspond to 500 m of the defensive line.

Example 9

In Figure 23 is shown a concentrated storage in the form of an cross. This storage has similar features as the previously described storage and is also suitable for the quick simultaneous taking the four elements from storage, ie. with four machines to taking the elements. The circle diameter of the shown storage is 2R ~ 20.5 m and stored is 240 elements. If the elements are of 2 m length, this will correspond to 480 m of the defensive line.

Example 10

The Figures 24 and 25 is shown a concentrated straight line two-rowed storage.

In Figure 24 is shown a concentrated multiple chambers linear two-rowed storage. It allows simultaneous downloading of elements from each of chambers.

In Figure 25 is shown concentrated linear one-chamber two-rowed storage.

The storage according to this example of invention, can be realized with its bottom in the ground level, partially or completely interred. This type of storage is suitable to be placed near the defensive line with a fences of enclosed public spaces or buildings, near by of some municipal buildings located near the banks of the river, and the space around them is finitely used to urban needs (for sewage systems suction pump stations -CS) or near the road used for downloading the elements. It is possible to place it in the dividing island between the roadway track that goes along with the defensive line, if around there do not exist other more suitable places. Such storage, according to the requirements of other relevant institutions, may be interred either partially or completely, which gives to it excellent storage facilities near the line of defense. Fast download of elements is important in case the time shortage available for the formation of mobile line of defense.

Example 11

There exist a third type of storage also, which is indicated as linear concentrated storage. This type of storage represent a unique approach to organization of mobile defense against flood. To the elements, by which is formed a defensive line for the defense against floods, temporarily are given other functionality. They are used for formation of various architectural elements within the defense line zone or in the defense line. Because of the imperative that these elements are on the defense line, the adoption of this concept, revive the banks of rivers and encourages the development of contents that were previously developed in other places.

There are numerous examples from a wide range of possibilities in forming architectural elements such as benches, garden boxes, benches with garden box, as well there can be formed fountains and the like. The number of combinations that can be obtained by a combination of "L" elements is large and is considerably flexible to the environment in which the elements has to be placed, so that the architects are provided with unlimited opportunities for expression of their aesthetic and functional creations.

Example 12

In the Figures 28 and 29 are shawn sectional and axonometric appearance of temporary pools formed by "L" elements, according to this invention. Making temporary prefabricated pools of "L" elements is invented solution and is very useful in practice. Elements are arranged according to the all previously described principles as well as in the formation of a mobile defense line. There are formed the parallelogram shape pools, with needed area and volume. For the formation of pools on waterproof areas, sufficient are the "L" elements and sealings only. If the pools are formed on water breach areas, the pool inside is encrusted by waterproof plastic foil. The pool formed of "L" elements, in this case, gives the shape and firmness to the foil that has a waterproof function.

This is an example from which may be understood the simplicity, ease and speed in the formation of temporary pools for different purposes, the "L" elements are available. The pools are generally in open space, although not necessarily. There can be one or more pools. Number of elements causes a form of pool, and a form define usable area. Waterproofiness depends on the waterprofiness of the ground foundation. Upon termination of the needs, elements are removed, stored and area of the pool is returns the original application.

Example 13

The author has particularly designed application of "L" elements for making prefabricated embankments, the static of which is very stable and flexible. The "L" elements in the embankments are set laid. The embankments can easily be founded, also under the water. The„L" elements have step-shaped cross-section and form a slope on the protected inclination of embankments according to the characteristics of basic materials, oscillations of the water, the size of waves and other local conditions. They are especially suitable for use in locations vulnerable by effects of waves. The space formed by "L" element is filled with local material. If the filling materials are fine-grained and liable to leaching, the inner side has to be, before filling with material, coated by geotextile. This ensures filtrational stability of the structure. The Figures 30 and 31 shows an example of cross-sectional assembly of the embankment formed from the "L" elements. Often exists the need for the protection of banks from wave actions especially in the rivers and accumulation lakes or for the reconstruction of previously made, but damaged embankments. The first of displayed embankments is showing the three levels, and given is also the axonometric view to embankment with two levels.

The embankment can have as many levels as needed. Height and width of each level is determined according to the needs and conditions. Except using the "L" elements which are brought to the bank, the embankment can be made using local materials. Obtained are embankment structures, the static and filtration of which is very stable and resistant to the effects of waves caused by wind. The embankment structure is elastic and suitable for foundion under heavy conditions. The quickness for the embankment making is also significant. This gives to these embankments the expressive advantage over thr rigid stable objects.

METHOD OF INDUSTRIAL OR OTHER APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

Industrial production of the subject invention is absolutely possible in factories for the concrete blocks production on the basis of workshop documentation, which persons skilled in the art can made using the drawings and the description of the subject invention.

The invention is suitable for the mass production. Its use is recommended in all places (urban and outside of cities) where there is necessary to achieve protection.

Mobile defense line is formed in a planned and prepared line for a mobile defense. Forming a defense line is implemented by the Service for the flood protection. Within the overall preparations, performed are the technical preparations and the preparation of performers. During the technical preparations accurately and even visibly are marked the previously defined lines of mobile defense. Then on the previously arranged foundation are placed the elements which form the mobile line of defense. The aim of such procedure is that during the first assembly, should be developed the most appropriate technology for making the mobile line of defense, to detect all the problems and to eliminate them, and to rehearse the teams and especially train the people who would later indenpendently manage the making of mobile defense lines. It is necessary to conduct a careful records during making, assembling and about the formed line of defense particularly on arrangement of elements, on the most suitable locations of machinery for installation and of vehicles for delivery of elements. When the defense line is formed, the water impermeability of joints and gaskets can be tested by water jet. Selected best way of forming a mobile defense line is registered and in any time later the procedure may be repeated. Within the framework for the planned preparation in establishment of a mobile defense line, formed is a stable, solid and straight lines in the form of way on which the elements arranged in the row form a mobile line of defense. There is a possibility that the corrective mobile line of defense has to be formed at places where there was not previously provided its formation. In this case, you should also strive to establish a line on the solid flat and stable foundation or you have to prepare a found intervened corrective foundation into a better state. In such situations, the advantage of "L" elements is in their large static stability. Should be focused on the filtering stability of the newly created barriers, by combining the application of nylon foils and sacks. Especially is recommended the use of "L" elements for creation of mobile lines of defense for the protection of urban settlements with quays for which there exist a high architectural aesthetic requirements where planned construction of walking and bicycle paths.

By use of structural "L" elements according to the invention, in the regions where sudden and extensive flooding are occured, it is possible to completely prevent flooding and damages which arise by flooding, because the defensive line formed of them is set for a very short time. Quick formation of reservoirs, outdoor and in the objects, of the desired sizes and shapes, in places where it is necessary, can often prevent and lessen the various environmental disasters, or to facilitate timely resolving of various problems.

Emphasized is, that the element is made as "L" profile, and therefore can be used and placed in the side within the embankment structures and in the supporting walls, where a protective height is something less than in the flood defense, but therefore the stability of the building is increased.

Application of the invention is recommended also for the cases when the defense requires a high degree of elasticity of the barrier, as well the static stability and when is necessary to acomplish a quality sealing.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, CHARACTERIZED BY

THAT, "L" shape universal structural elements are realized as a reinforced concrete structure in vertical cross section in shape of Latin letter "L", where on the sides of a longer segment (2) are longitudinally formed straight grooves (4) of a shallow circular cross section while on the outer side of a shorter segment (3) are formed straight grooves (5 and 6), also of a shallow circular cross section, in which foam rubber gaskets (26) are insertable, and where on the shorter segment (3) are formed symmetrically spaced tubular openings (7) to insert steel pins (9) for strengthening the elements (1) to the foundation after setting the same into security position.

2. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use. according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT, the elements ( 1 ) are stored on a embankment so that their shorter segment (3) is lying close to the vertical part of quay wall, while a longer segment (2) is lying close to the quay wall ( 13), whereby this interlocked row of structural„L" elements ( 1 ) is used as promenade or bicycle path.

3. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT, a„L" element ( 1 ) for the protection is placed on the quay wall ( 13) so that segment (3) is overlap the top surface ( 1 8) of the quay wall (13) thereafter through vertical tubular openings (7) and through the wall (13) openings steel pins (9) are inserted.

4. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED B Y THAT, the elements ( 1 ) are stored as interlocked row on the slope side of the embankment, where is near the shorter segment (3) on leaned over its top side a layer of sand, while on the opposite side is the filtration line (24) made of a square shaped strongly compressed clay wrapped into plastic foil, wherefrom is in the protection-position, element ( 1 ) fixed with long steel pins (9) going throughout openings (7) deep into the clay.

5. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT, over the high quay wall ( 13) elements (1 ) are stored so that by its shorter segment (3) lying over the top surface of the vertical part of the quay wall ( 13) whilst the longer segment (2) is nestled to its lateral side.

6. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT,„L" elements (1 ) are stored in the form of a flake so that around whose hollow five-angled central space are formed five symmetrically arranged branches which are limited by vertical walls in which are lined up in the rows the smaller and larger elements (1).

7. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT,„L" elements ( 1 ) are stored in the form of the cross so that around whose hollow square central space are formed four symmetrically arranged branches which are limited by vertical walls in which are lined up concentrated linear two-rowed storage of the smaller and larger„L" elements (1 ).

8. "L" shape universal structural elements and methods of its use, according to the claim 1 ,

CHARACTERIZED BY THAT, the storage is formed as a straight line two-rowed one chamber or multi chambers storage where the elements (1 ) are stored in the rows so that their shorter segments (3) are faced opposite in relation to one another.