EP2532048A1 - Stacked microstrip antenna - Google Patents

Stacked microstrip antenna

Info

Publication number
EP2532048A1
EP2532048A1 EP10805580A EP10805580A EP2532048A1 EP 2532048 A1 EP2532048 A1 EP 2532048A1 EP 10805580 A EP10805580 A EP 10805580A EP 10805580 A EP10805580 A EP 10805580A EP 2532048 A1 EP2532048 A1 EP 2532048A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microstrip antenna
separator
antenna
stacked
patch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10805580A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2532048B1 (en
EP2532048B8 (en
Inventor
Michael Sabielny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hensoldt Sensors GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP2532048A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532048A1/en
Publication of EP2532048B1 publication Critical patent/EP2532048B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2532048B8 publication Critical patent/EP2532048B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stacked microstrip antenna according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • No. 7,050,004 B2 describes a microstrip antenna whose ground surface is formed by a movable diaphragm whose position relative to the microstrip antenna element can be changed by applying a voltage.
  • US 5,363,067 A describes a microstrip line with two adjacent conductors above a ground plane.
  • the space above the two conductors is formed by a respective cavity within a dielectric substrate.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a generic stacked microstrip antenna, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology without the required weak electromagnetic coupling of the patch elements is lost.
  • a separator is arranged between the two superimposed patch elements, in which, for example by drilling or milling, air cavities are introduced.
  • the necessary adaptation is effected by the cavities introduced into the separator, which markedly reduce the effective dielectric constant between the patch elements. The result is a significant reduction of the electromagnetic coupling of the patch elements.
  • the separator according to the invention thus reduces to a type of holding frame for the structure of the antenna, while the air cavities significantly reduce the effective dielectric constant between the patch elements.
  • the separator can particularly advantageously a conventional RF printed circuit board base material (for example, RO 4003 ® C of the company Rogers Corporation, Microwave
  • Such materials usually consist of a resin with incorporated therein fiberglass inserts. The have a good stability and are manufacturing technically unproblematic. The relative relative to an HF foam material comparatively high relative dielectric constant of these materials is compensated by the introduced cavity or more cavities.
  • RF standard materials and standard PCB manufacturing processes can be used to enable low cost manufacturing processes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the antenna according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention.
  • 1 and 2 each show an embodiment of the stacked microstrip antenna according to the invention with two superimposed microstrip antenna elements 1 and 10 and the ground plane 100.
  • the said conductive parts 1, 10,100 are each by dielectric layers 5,6,7 separated from each other. The latter consist of conventional HF printed circuit board base material and naturally have a high dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the lower patch element 1 is the fed patch element of the antenna, while the upper patch element 10 is the parasitic patch element.
  • the parasitic patch 10 oscillates with the signal emitted by the powered patch 1, thus improving the overall device impedance bandwidth.
  • a separator 5 is present between the two stacked patch elements 1, 10, which simultaneously serves as a carrier for the upper patch element 10.
  • the material of the separator 5 is an air-filled, cuboid or cylinder derförmiger cavity 20 into it, which is located in the embodiment shown immediately below the parasitic patch element 10. With this air cavity 20, the effective dielectric constant between the two patch elements 1, 10 is substantially reduced, resulting in the desired increased impedance bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the dielectric layer 6 between the lower patch element 1 and the ground surface 100 is formed continuously in this embodiment (solid material), that is to say in particular has no cavities.
  • solid material that is to say in particular has no cavities.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Instead of just one cavity, there are two separate cavities 21 in the separator 5 below the parasitic patch element 10. The two cavities 21 were produced here by drilling in the material of the separator 5.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a stacked microstrip antenna, comprising two microstrip antenna elements (1, 10) arranged one above the other and a dielectric separator (5) between the two microstrip antenna elements (1, 10), wherein the dielectric separator (5) has one or more cavities (20).

Description

Gestapelte Mikrostreifen-Antenne  Stacked microstrip antenna
Die Erfindung betrifft eine gestapelte Mikrostreifen-Antenne nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 . The invention relates to a stacked microstrip antenna according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Der Fachliteratur folgend (z.B. R. B. Waterhouse, Ed., "Microstrip Patch Antennas - A Designers Guide", Kluwer Acad. Publishers, 2003, p. 90) darf die elektromagnetische Kopplung der beiden übereinander liegenden Mikrostreifen-Antennen- Elemente (im Folgenden auch kurz als Patch-Elemente bezeichnet) der Antenne nur schwach sein, damit eine breite Impedanzbandbreite erzielt werden kann. Die technische Konsequenz ist das Verwenden von HF-Schaummaterialien als Separator und Träger zwischen den beiden Patch-Elementen, da derartige Schäume eine niedrige Dielektrizitätskonstante er aufweisen. Eine derartige Lösung mit HF- Schaummaterialien ist aus der US 7,636,063 B2 bekannt. Diese Schäume sind für Standard-PCB-Prozesse jedoch zu temperatur- und druckempfindlich, was zu komplizierten und kostspieligen Herstellungsverfahren führt. Following the literature (eg RB Waterhouse, Ed., "Microstrip Patch Antennas - A Designer's Guide", Kluwer Acad., Publishers, 2003, p.90), the electromagnetic coupling of the two superimposed microstrip antenna elements (hereinafter also briefly referred to as patch elements) of the antenna to be weak, so that a wide impedance bandwidth can be achieved. The technical consequence is the use of HF foam materials as a separator and carrier between the two patch elements, since such foams have a low dielectric constant e r . Such a solution with HF foam materials is known from US Pat. No. 7,636,063 B2. However, these foams are too temperature and pressure sensitive for standard PCB processes, resulting in complicated and expensive manufacturing processes.
In der bereits genannten US 7,636,063 B2 wird darüber hinaus ein weiterer Ansatz beschrieben, bei der der Zwischenraum zwischen den beiden Patch-Elementen komplett von einem Hohlraum gebildet wird. Der dadurch notwendige äußere Träger für eines der beiden Patch-Elemente ist als Gehäuse oder Radom ausgebildet. Dies führt ebenfalls zu aufwändigen und kostspieligen Herstellverfahren. In ZIVANOVIC, B.; WELLER, T.M.; MELAIS, S.; MEYER, T.; "The effect of align- ment tolerance on multilayer air cavity microstrip patches," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International, Symposium, 381 -384, 9-15 June 2007, doi: 10.1 109/APS.2007.4395510; URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. In the already mentioned US Pat. No. 7,636,063 B2, another approach is described in which the gap between the two patch elements is completely formed by a cavity. The thus required outer support for one of the two patch elements is designed as a housing or radome. This also leads to complex and costly production process. In ZIVANOVIC, B .; WELLER, T.M .; MELAIS, S .; MEYER, T .; "The effect of alignment tolerance on multilayer air cavity microstrip patches," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International, Symposium, 381-384, 9-15 June 2007, doi: 10.1 109 / APS.2007.4395510; URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.
jsp?tp=&arnumber=439551 0&isnumber=4395410 ist eine Mikrostreifen-Antenne aus einem einzelnen Mikrostreifen-Antennen-Element über einer Massefläche beschrieben, wobei der dazwischen liegende dielektrische Separator eine Kavität aufweist. jsp? tp = & arnumber = 439551 0 & isnumber = 4395410 is a microstrip antenna consisting of a single microstrip antenna element over a ground plane described, wherein the interposed dielectric separator has a cavity.
LAGER, I.E.; SIMEONI, M.; "Experimental investigation of the mutual coupling reduction by means of cavity enclosure of patch antennas," First European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 1 -5, 6-10 Nov. 2006, WAREHOUSE, I.E .; SIMEONI, M .; First analysis on Antennas and Propagation, 1 -5, 6-10 Nov. 2006,
doi: 10.1109/EUCAP.2006.4584577; URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?tp=&amumber=4584577&isnumber=4584476 beschreiben eine Maßnahme zur Entkopplung einzelner, auf einer HF-Leiterplatte nebeneinander angeordneter Mikrostreifenantennen einer HF-Gruppenantenne. Dabei werden die einzelnen Mikrostreifenantennen jeweils von Durchkontaktierungen umgeben. doi: 10.1109 / EUCAP.2006.4584577; URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp? tp = & amumber = 4584577 & isnumber = 4584476 describe a measure for the decoupling of individual microstrip antennas of an RF array antenna arranged side by side on an HF printed circuit board. The individual microstrip antennas are each surrounded by plated-through holes.
US 7,050,004 B2 beschreibt eine Mikrostreifen-Antenne, deren Massefläche durch eine bewegliche Membran gebildet ist, deren Lage relativ zum Mikrostreifen- Antennen-Element durch Anlegen einer Spannung verändert werden kann. No. 7,050,004 B2 describes a microstrip antenna whose ground surface is formed by a movable diaphragm whose position relative to the microstrip antenna element can be changed by applying a voltage.
US 5,363,067 A beschreibt eine Mikrostreifen-Leitung mit zwei nebeneinander liegenden Leitern oberhalb einer Massefläche. Der Raum oberhalb der beiden Leiter wird durch jeweils eine Kavität innerhalb eines dielektrischen Substrats gebildet. US 5,363,067 A describes a microstrip line with two adjacent conductors above a ground plane. The space above the two conductors is formed by a respective cavity within a dielectric substrate.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße gestapelte Mikrostreifen- Antenne zu schaffen, die herstellungstechnisch vorteilhaft ist, ohne dass die gebotene schwache elektromagnetische Kopplung der Patch-Elemente verloren geht. The object of the invention is to provide a generic stacked microstrip antenna, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology without the required weak electromagnetic coupling of the patch elements is lost.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Gegenstand des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Erfindung ist Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen. Gemäß der Erfindung wird zwischen den beiden übereinander liegenden Patch- Elementen ein Separator angeordnet, in den, z.B. durch Bohren oder Fräsen, Luftkavitäten eingebracht sind. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein Separatormaterial zu verwenden, das herstellungstechnisch vorteilhaft ist, auch wenn dessen Dielektrizitätskonstante εΓ im Hinblick auf die gewünschte schwache Kopplung zwischen den Patch-Elementen nicht optimal (d.h. relativ hoch) ist. Die notwendige Anpassung erfolgt durch die in den Separator eingebrachten Kavitäten, welche die effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante zwischen den Patch-Elementen deutlich herabgesetzt. Die Folge ist eine deutliche Reduktion der elektromagnetischen Kopplung der Patch-Elemente. This object is achieved with the subject of claim 1. An advantageous embodiment of the invention is the subject of dependent claims. According to the invention, a separator is arranged between the two superimposed patch elements, in which, for example by drilling or milling, air cavities are introduced. This makes it possible to use a separator material that is advantageous in terms of production, even if its dielectric constant ε Γ is not optimal (ie relatively high) with regard to the desired weak coupling between the patch elements. The necessary adaptation is effected by the cavities introduced into the separator, which markedly reduce the effective dielectric constant between the patch elements. The result is a significant reduction of the electromagnetic coupling of the patch elements.
Der erfindungsgemäße Separator reduziert sich somit auf eine Art von Halterahmen für die Struktur der Antenne, während die Luftkavitäten die effektive Dielektri- zitätskonstante zwischen den Patch-Elementen deutlich heruntersetzen. The separator according to the invention thus reduces to a type of holding frame for the structure of the antenna, while the air cavities significantly reduce the effective dielectric constant between the patch elements.
Als Separator kann besonders vorteilhaft ein konventionelles HF-Leiterplatten- Basismaterial (z.B. RO 4003® C der Firma Rogers Corporation, Microwave As the separator, can particularly advantageously a conventional RF printed circuit board base material (for example, RO 4003 ® C of the company Rogers Corporation, Microwave
Materials Division, 100 S. Roosevelt Avenue, Chandler AZ 85226-3415, USA) verwendet werden. Derartige Materialien bestehen üblicherweise aus einem Harz mit darin eingebrachten Glasfasereinlagen. Die weisen eine gute Stabilität auf und sind herstellungstechnisch unproblematisch. Die gegenüber einem HF-Schaummaterial vergleichsweise hohe relative Dielektrizitätskonstante dieser Materialien wird durch die eingebrachte Kavität bzw. mehrere Kavitäten kompensiert. Materials Division, 100 S. Roosevelt Avenue, Chandler AZ 85226-3415, USA). Such materials usually consist of a resin with incorporated therein fiberglass inserts. The have a good stability and are manufacturing technically unproblematic. The relative relative to an HF foam material comparatively high relative dielectric constant of these materials is compensated by the introduced cavity or more cavities.
Mit der Erfindung werden insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile erzielt: In particular, the following advantages are achieved with the invention:
- Durch die niedrige effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante wird eine Bandbreitenvergrößerung der Antenne ermöglicht. - Es können HF-Standardmaterialien und PCB-Standardprozesse zur Antennenherstellung verwendet werden, so dass kostengünstige Herstellungsverfahren ermöglicht werden. - Due to the low effective dielectric constant, a bandwidth increase of the antenna is made possible. RF standard materials and standard PCB manufacturing processes can be used to enable low cost manufacturing processes.
- Die Verfügbarkeit von robusten und breitbandigen Antennen wird ermöglicht. - Unabhängigkeit von technisch schwer herstellbaren, diffizilen Antennen- Lösungen basierend auf HF-Schäumen.  - The availability of robust and broadband antennas is made possible. - Independence of technically difficult to manufacture, sophisticated antenna solutions based on HF foams.
- Vielseitige Anwendung dieser Technologie z.B. als Strahlerelemente für 3D-T/R- Module oder als zirkulär polarisierte, strukturintegrierte Antennen.  - Versatile application of this technology, e.g. as radiating elements for 3D-T / R modules or as circularly polarized, structurally integrated antennas.
- Prinzipiell anwendbar für einen weiten Frequenzbereich.  - In principle applicable for a wide frequency range.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Fig. näher erläutert. Es zeigen: The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG .. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne; Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the antenna according to the invention;
Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne. Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen jeweils eine Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen gestapelten Mikrostreifen-Antenne mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Mikrostreifen- Antennen-Elementen 1 und 10 sowie der Massefläche 100. Die genannten leitfähigen Teile 1 ,10,100 sind jeweils durch dielektrische Schichten 5,6,7 voneinander getrennt. Letztere bestehen aus konventionellem HF-Leiterplatten-Basismaterial und weisen naturgemäß eine hohe Dielektrizitätskonstante ετ auf. Beim unteren Patch-Element 1 handelt es sich um das gespeiste Patch-Element der Antenne, während das obere Patch-Element 10 das parasitäre Patch-Element ist. Wie bei derartigen Antennen üblich, schwingt das parasitäre Patch-Element 10 mit dem Signal, das vom gespeisten Patch-Element 1 emittiert wird und verbessert somit die Impedanzbandbreite der Gesamtanordnung. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention. 1 and 2 each show an embodiment of the stacked microstrip antenna according to the invention with two superimposed microstrip antenna elements 1 and 10 and the ground plane 100. The said conductive parts 1, 10,100 are each by dielectric layers 5,6,7 separated from each other. The latter consist of conventional HF printed circuit board base material and naturally have a high dielectric constant ε τ . The lower patch element 1 is the fed patch element of the antenna, while the upper patch element 10 is the parasitic patch element. As is usual with such antennas, the parasitic patch 10 oscillates with the signal emitted by the powered patch 1, thus improving the overall device impedance bandwidth.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist zwischen den beiden gestapelten Patch-Elementen 1 ,10 ein Separator 5 vorhanden, der gleichzeitig als Träger für das obere Patch-Element 10 dient. In das Material des Separators 5 ist ein luftgefüllter, quader- oder zylin- derförmiger Hohlraum 20 hineingefräßt, der sich in der gezeigten Ausführung unmittelbar unterhalb des parasitären Patch-Elements 10 befindet. Mit dieser Luftkavität 20 wird die effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante zwischen den beiden Patch-Elementen 1 ,10 wesentlich herabgesetzt, was zu der gewünschten erhöhten Impedanzbandbreite der Antenne führt. According to the invention, a separator 5 is present between the two stacked patch elements 1, 10, which simultaneously serves as a carrier for the upper patch element 10. In the material of the separator 5 is an air-filled, cuboid or cylinder derförmiger cavity 20 into it, which is located in the embodiment shown immediately below the parasitic patch element 10. With this air cavity 20, the effective dielectric constant between the two patch elements 1, 10 is substantially reduced, resulting in the desired increased impedance bandwidth of the antenna.
Die dielektrische Schicht 6 zwischen unterem Patch-Element 1 und Massefläche 100 ist in dieser Ausführung durchgängig ausgebildet (Vollmaterial), weist also insbesondere keine Hohlräume auf. Somit besteht zwischen diesen beiden Leitern eine relativ hohe dielektrische Konstante, was ebenfalls förderlich für die Erzielung einer erhöhten Antennenbandbreite ist. The dielectric layer 6 between the lower patch element 1 and the ground surface 100 is formed continuously in this embodiment (solid material), that is to say in particular has no cavities. Thus, there is a relatively high dielectric constant between these two conductors, which is also conducive to achieving increased antenna bandwidth.
Eine Variante zu der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführung zeigt die Fig. 2. Anstatt lediglich einer Kavität sind dort zwei getrennte Kavitäten 21 im Separator 5 unter- halb des parasitären Patch-Elements 10 vorhanden. Die beiden Kavitäten 21 wurden hier durch Bohren in dem Material des Separators 5 erzeugt. FIG. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Instead of just one cavity, there are two separate cavities 21 in the separator 5 below the parasitic patch element 10. The two cavities 21 were produced here by drilling in the material of the separator 5.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Gestapelte Mikrostreifen-Antenne mit folgendem Schichtaufbau: 1 . Stacked microstrip antenna with the following layer structure:
- Massefläche (100), - mass area (100),
- dielektrische Schicht (6),  dielectric layer (6),
- unteres Mikrostreifen-Antennen-Element (1 )  lower microstrip antenna element (1)
- dielektrischer Separator (5),  dielectric separator (5),
- oberes Mikrostreifen-Antennen-Element (10),  upper microstrip antenna element (10),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dielektrische Separator (5) eine oder mehrere Luftkavitäten 20,21 ) aufweist. characterized in that the dielectric separator (5) has one or more air cavities 20,21).
2. Gestapelte Mikrostreifen-Antenne nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dielektrische Separator (5) aus einem HF-Leiterplatten-Basismaterial besteht. 2. A stacked microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric separator (5) consists of an HF circuit board base material.
3. Gestapelte Mikrostreifen-Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dielektrische Schicht (6) zwischen Massefläche (100) und unterem Mikrostreifen-Antennen-Element (1 ) aus einem Vollmaterial ohne Hohl- räume besteht. 3. Stacked microstrip antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dielectric layer (6) between the ground surface (100) and lower microstrip antenna element (1) consists of a solid material without cavities.
EP10805580.7A 2010-02-04 2010-11-26 Stacked microstrip antenna Active EP2532048B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010006809A DE102010006809A1 (en) 2010-02-04 2010-02-04 Stacked microstrip antenna
PCT/DE2010/001377 WO2011095144A1 (en) 2010-02-04 2010-11-26 Stacked microstrip antenna

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EP2532048A1 true EP2532048A1 (en) 2012-12-12
EP2532048B1 EP2532048B1 (en) 2016-07-13
EP2532048B8 EP2532048B8 (en) 2016-08-24

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JP (1) JP2013519275A (en)
KR (1) KR101701946B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2010345007B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010006809A1 (en)
IL (1) IL221150A (en)
WO (1) WO2011095144A1 (en)

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EP2532048B1 (en) 2016-07-13
KR20130008007A (en) 2013-01-21
AU2010345007A1 (en) 2012-09-06
DE102010006809A1 (en) 2011-08-04
AU2010345007B2 (en) 2015-12-24
JP2013519275A (en) 2013-05-23
IL221150A (en) 2015-10-29
KR101701946B1 (en) 2017-02-02
WO2011095144A1 (en) 2011-08-11
US9196965B2 (en) 2015-11-24
US20130002491A1 (en) 2013-01-03
AU2010345007A9 (en) 2013-01-24
EP2532048B8 (en) 2016-08-24

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